∞π∆ø§π∫∏.∂•øºÀ§§√
03-04-09
16:44
™ÂÏ›‰·1
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
Ô‰ËÁfi˜
∞ÈÙ ˆÏÈ Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
Œ‰Ú· ¶. ƒ‹Á· 23, 303 00 ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ ñ ∆ËÏ.: 26340. 38 110, Fax: 26340. 29 927 e-mail: info@aitoliki.gr ÀÔÎ/Ì· ¶. ƒ‹Á· 3 & ¢. §ÂÈ‚·‰›ÙË, 303 00 ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ ñ ∆ËÏ.: 26340. 29 926, Fax: 26340. 38 552 e-mail: leader@aitoliki.gr
ñ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ¿˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘
ñ ¡fiÙÈ· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
ñ µfiÚÂÈ· (√ÚÂÈÓ‹) ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜
ñ ¢ˆÚ›‰· ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
∆√ ¶∞ƒ√¡ ∂¡∆À¶√ Ã∏ª∞∆O¢O∆∂π∆∞π ∞¶O: ∂Àƒø¶∞´∫∏ ∂¡ø™∏ - À¶OÀƒ°∂πO ∞°ƒO∆π∫∏™ ∞¡∞¶∆À•∏™ & ∆ƒOºπªø¡: ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi °ÂˆÚÁÈÎfi ∆·ÌÂ›Ô ¶ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ∂ÁÁ˘‹ÛÂˆÓ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¶ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ (∂°∆¶∂ - ¶) ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¢ËÌfiÛÈÔ (ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ∞ÁÚÔÙÈ΋˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ & ∆ÚÔʛ̈Ó) ∂.¶.∫.¶. LEADER+
ISBN 978 - 960 - 98415 - 1 - 1
ñ ¡ÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›· ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏.∂•øºÀ§§√
03-04-09
16:44
™ÂÏ›‰·2
ŒÎ‰ÔÛË ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ∂È̤ÏÂÈ· ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ∫ÒÛÙ·˜ ∫·Ú·ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘, ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ º·ÏÏȤÚÔ˜ ∫›ÌÂÓ· ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ª∂∆∞ºƒ∞™π™ ºˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ ∫·ÏÔÁ‹ÚÔ˘ ÿÚÙ˜ ∞∆ƒ∞¶√™
ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÊˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ·Ú¯Â›Ô ÙÔ˘ °È¿ÓÓË ƒÔ˘ÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ & ÙÔ˘ ¡›ÎÔ˘ ™Ù·ıÔÁÈ·ÓÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘. ∂˘¯·ÚÈÛÙԇ̠ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ʈÙÔÁڷʛ˜ Ô˘ Ì·˜ ·Ú·¯ÒÚËÛ·Ó. ∂›Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·˜, ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜, ª·Ú·ıÈ¿, ∆Âȯ›Ô˘, ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ú·¯ÒÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÊˆÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÒÓ ·fi ÙȘ ÙÔÈΤ˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ¤˜.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:04
™ÂÏ›‰·1
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
Ô‰ËÁfi˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:04
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
™ÂÏ›‰·2
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:04
™ÂÏ›‰·3
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·
÷ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÚÔ¤‰ÚÔ˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜ ∞.∂.
05
ÿÚÙ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜
06
∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹
09
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË
10
Introduction
16
∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘
19
Arakinthos
34
¡fiÙÈ· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
37 53 65
South Nafpaktia
86
µfiÚÂÈ· (ÔÚÂÈÓ‹) ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜
89 111 139
Northern Nafpaktia
170
¢ˆÚ›‰· ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
173 197
Dorida
218
¡ÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›· ñ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
221
Southeastern Evritania
238
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:04
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
À¶√ª¡∏ª∞ °π∞ ™∏ª∞∆∞ ¢∏ªø¡
∞ƒÃ∞π√∆∏∆∂™
ª√À™∂π√
∞ƒÃπ∆∂∫∆√¡π∫√ ∂¡¢π∞º∂ƒ√¡ - √π∫π™ª√™ - °∂ºÀƒπ
∫∞™∆ƒ∞
∂∫∫§∏™π∂™ - ª√¡∂™
¡∂ø∆∂ƒ√™ π™∆√ƒπ∫√™ ∆√¶√™
§πª∞¡π
∞°ƒ√∆√Àƒπ™ª√™
•∂¡ø¡∂™
¶∂∑√¶√ƒπ∞
¶√¢∏§∞™π∞
¢π∞¢ƒ√ª∏ 4x4
∞¡∞ƒƒπÃ∏™∏
∞§∂•π¶∆ø∆√ ¶§∞°π∞™
¶∞ƒ∞§π∞
£∞§∞™™π∂™ ¢ƒ∞™∆∏ƒπ√∆∏∆∂™
À¢∞∆π¡∏ ¢π∞¢ƒ√ª∏
¶§∏ƒ√º√ƒπ∂™
∂™∆π∞∆√ƒπ∞
∫∞º∂
µ√À¡√
¢∞™√™
¶ƒ∞∆∏ƒπ√ ∫∞À™πªø¡
™ÂÏ›‰·4
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:04
™ÂÏ›‰·5
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
÷ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌfi˜
∏ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ¤Î‰ÔÛË ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó·Ó Ï‹ÚË Î·È Î·Ù·ÙÔÈÛÙÈÎfi ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi √‰ËÁfi Ù˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜. ∏ ∞Èوϛ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÂÓÈ·›· ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·, ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙˆÓ ¡ÔÌÒÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ Î·È ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÎÏ›ÂÈ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ‰¤Î· ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜: π.¶. ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜, ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘, µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘, ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Î·È ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜. ∏ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙfiÔ Ì·˜ Î·È ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙËÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ∞.∂. √∆∞ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ì¤ÚÈÛÙË Û˘Ì·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ¢‹ÌˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ∞ÁÚÔÙÈ΋˜ ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ & ∆ÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛ˘ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›·˜ LEADER+. √ ÂÈÛΤÙ˘ ̤۷ ·fi ÙÔÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi √‰ËÁfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ȉȷÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì·˜, ÙÔ˘˜ ıÚ‡ÏÔ˘˜, ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Î·È ÙȘ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÔ˘, οÓÔÓÙ·˜ ¤Ó· Ù·Í›‰È ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÒÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÂÔ¯ÒÓ, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜… £· ·Ó·Î·Ï‡„ÂÈ ÈÛÙÔÚÈο ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· Ô˘ ‰È·‰Ú·Ì·Ù›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È ı· ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂÈ Ù· ‹ıË, ¤ıÈÌ· Î·È ÙȘ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ÂÓfi˜ ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ˘ Ï·˚ÎÔ‡ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡. °›ÓÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù· ∆ÔÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ··ÚÙ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È ·Ú¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ˘Ô‰Ô̤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ‰È¿ıÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ô ÂÈÛΤÙ˘. ™Ùfi¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜ Ù˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜, ÒÛÙ Ì ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ‚‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÚÔÛÂÁ̤ÓÔ Û¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi Ó· ÌÔÚ¤ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ·ÓÙÂÂͤÏıÔ˘Ì ÛÙȘ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍȷΤ˜ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ¡¤·˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜. ∞Í›˙Ô˘Ó ıÂÚÌ¿ Û˘Á¯·ÚËÙ‹ÚÈ· Û fiÏÔ˘˜ fiÛÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Î·È Û˘ÓÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ √‰ËÁÔ‡.
√ ¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢. ™. ∞π∆ø§π∞™ ∞.∂.
£·Ó¿Û˘ ¶··ı·Ó¿Û˘ ¢‹Ì·Ú¯Ô˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ 5
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:04
™ÂÏ›‰·6
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·7
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·8
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·9
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ √ ·ÚÒÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Ô‰ËÁfi˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞.. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ¢ËÌÔÙÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ Ô‰ËÁ›· 75/268/∂√∫ Î·È ¢ËÌÔÙÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ì ÏËı˘ÛÌfi ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ÙˆÓ 3.000 ηÙԛΈÓ, ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi Î·È Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ï‹Ú˘ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ Û fiÏ· Ù· ¢ËÌÔÙÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·.
ÓÔÌfi˜ AITø§OAKAPNANIA™ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜, ÕÓˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ, ∂ÏÏËÓÈο, ªÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú·, ƒ¤ÙÛÈÓ· Î·È ÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÃÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ· Î·È ∫·Ú›ÙÛ·. ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋, °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË, ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·, µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋, ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ, ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·. ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ∞ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿, µÂÏ‚›Ó·, µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·, µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡, ¢¿ÊÓË, ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·, ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ, •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô, ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ, ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη, ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈÔ, ™Î¿Ï·.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ™›ÌÔ˘, ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿, ªËÏÈ¿, ¶ÔΛÛÙ·, ™Ùڿӈ̷, º·Ì›Ï·, ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ, °¿‚ÚÔ˜, ∂Ï¢ıÂÚÈ·Ó‹, ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜, ™Ù‡ÏÈ·. ¶ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜, ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜, ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚·, ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ, ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ∫·ÛÙ·Ó¤·, ∫Ï¿, §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ, ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË, ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·, ÃfiÌÔÚË. ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·, ∞Ó·‚Ú˘Ù‹, ∞ÛÚÈ¿, °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿, ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡, ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹, ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ, ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋, ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ∫˘‰ˆÓ¤·, §Â‡Î·, §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·, ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹, ¶fi‰Ô˜, ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·, ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·, °ÚËÁfiÚÈ, ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË, ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ·, ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ·.
ÓÔÌfi˜ EYPYTANIA™ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ, ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË, ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·, ªÂÛÔÎÒÌË, ƒÔÛο, ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ, æÈ·Ó¿.
ÓÔÌfi˜ ºø∫π¢∞™ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ, ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ, ºÈÏÔı¤Ë, ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ, ∫¿ÌÔ˜, ∆›¯ÈÔ, ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ, ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, ∫Ï‹Ì·, ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ, ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜, ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜, ™ÂÚÁԇϷ, ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ. ¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·, ¢È¯ÒÚÈ, ∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜, ∫ÂÚ·Û¤·, ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ, ∫Ô˘¿ÎÈ, ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ, ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ›, ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ, ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔÓ, À„ËÏfi ÈÚÈfi. ™ÙÔÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯¿ÚÙË Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·˘Ù‹ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÂÈ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ (¡ÔÌfi˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ (¡ÔÌfi˜ ºˆÎ›‰·˜ Î·È ¡ÔÌfi˜ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜).
9
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·10
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ∆Ô ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ. ∏ ÔÚÂÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙËÓ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· Î·È ÙË ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·, ÎÂÓÙÚÈο Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ù· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· Î·È Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, ÓfiÙÈ· Ù· ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ·, ÙËÓ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· Î·È ÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔÓ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ fï˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ˘‰¿ÙÈÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ Ì ٷ ‰‡Ô Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÔÙ¿ÌÈ·, ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ, ÙȘ Ù¯ÓËÙ¤˜ Ï›ÌÓ˜ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi Î·È ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ÎfiÏÔ Î·È ÙË ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ۯ‰fiÓ Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ “·Ú¯·›· ∞Èوϛ·”. H AÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ÁË Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó˘Ê·Ṳ̂ÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹ Ì ‰È·ÚΛ˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÙÈı¿Û¢ÛË Ù˘ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ʇÛ˘ Ì ٷ ·fiÎÚËÌÓ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿, ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÁÚÈÔ˘˜ Î·È ÔÚÌËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡˜, Ù· Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ· Î·È Ù· Ï·Áο‰È·, ÙÔ ·ÓÒÌ·ÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ‰˘ÛÎfiÏ¢ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Î·È ÙȘ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌÒÓ. KÔÓÙ¿ Û’ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ ˘‹ÚÍÂ Î·È ÌÈ· ¤ÓÙÔÓË Î·È ‰È·Ú΋˜ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Î·È ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÂÈÛ‚ÔϤˆÓ. M¤Û· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇ıÔ˘˜ ÍÂÙ˘Ï›ÁÂÙ·È Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË ÂÓfi˜ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ÍÂΛÓËÛ ÌÂ Ê˘ÏÂÙÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ¤Êı·Û ÛÙËÓ ÚˆÙÔÔÚȷ΋ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÔÌÔÛÔӉȷ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË fi¯È ϤÔÓ Ê˘ÏÒÓ ·ÏÏ¿ fiÏÂˆÓ - ÎÚ·ÙÒÓ, ÙËÓ AÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›·, ÙÔ KÔÈÓfi ÙˆÓ AÈÙˆÏÒÓ, Ô˘ ‰È·‰Ú·Ì¿ÙÈÛ ÛÔ˘‰·›Ô ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙ· ÂÏÏËÓÈο Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·. H ÔÏÂÌÈ΋ Ì˯·Ó‹ ÙˆÓ AÈÙˆÏÒÓ, Û ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ÛÙÈÁ̤˜ ¤ÛˆÛ ÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÌfi ·fi ÂÈÛ‚ÔϤ˜ Í¤ÓˆÓ Ê˘ÏÒÓ Î·È Ï·ÒÓ. TÚÂȘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÈ ÔÙ·ÌÔ›, Ô A¯ÂÏÒÔ˜, Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜ (º›‰·Ú˘) Î·È Ô MfiÚÓÔ˜ (¢¿ÊÓÔ˜) Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ› Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ¤˜ Ù˘ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ Ù˘ AÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ Á˘. X¿ÚȘ ÛÙȘ Û˘Ó¯›˜ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁ‹ÛÈ̘ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ 10
ÌÂÙ¤‚·ÏÏ·Ó ÙÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. H “·Ú¯·›· AÈوϛ·” ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ˆ˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi fiÚÈÔ ÙÔÓ A¯ÂÏÒÔ Ô˘ ÙË ¯ÒÚÈ˙ ·fi ÙËÓ AηÚÓ·Ó›· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û ÁÈ· ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·ÈÙ›· ÂÚ›‰ˆÓ Î·È ÔÏÂÌÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂӤ͈Ó, ÂÎÙÂÈÓfiÙ·Ó Û ÌÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÎÏ›ÂÙ·È ¯ÔÓ‰ÚÈο ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ, ÙˆÓ ÔÚ¤ˆÓ Ù˘ O›Ù˘, B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, T˘ÌÊÚËÛÙÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ A¯ÂÏÒÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ Aı·Ì¿ÓˆÓ. H ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ˙ÒÓË ·fi ÙÔÓ T·ÊÈ·ÛÛfi ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ, Ù· TÚÔÈ˙fiÓÈ· Î·È ÙÔÓ KÚÈÛ·›Ô ÎfiÏÔ, Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ ˙ÒÓË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÕÌÊÈÛÛ· ·Ó‹Î·Ó ÛÙË ¢˘ÙÈ΋ §ÔÎÚ›‰·. M ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„Ë Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ fiÏÂˆÓ ÙÔ 338 .X. ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ AÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜, ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈο Ë ¢˘ÙÈ΋ §ÔÎÚ›‰· ̤¯ÚȘ fiÙÔ˘ Ó· ÂÓۈ̷وı› ÛÙËÓ AÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›· ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ·ÎÌ‹˜ Ù˘. ŒÓ· ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ Á˘, Ô˘ ·ÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÓfiÙÈ· ÙˆÓ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚÒÓ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· - OÍÈ¿ - B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ AÚ¿Î˘ÓıÔ Î·È ÙË ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ÙÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, ÙË B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Î·È ÙËÓ KÏfiÎÔ‚·, ÙȘ ·ÎÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÙÚ·˚ÎÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ KÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ô ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÂÓfi˜ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ù·ÍȉÈÔ‡ Ô˘ Û›ÁÔ˘Ú· ÂÈÊ˘Ï¿ÛÛÂÈ ÂÎÏ‹ÍÂȘ. ™’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÙ¿ ¢‹ÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ NÔÌÔ‡ AÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ (πÂÚ¿˜ ¶fiÏ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, X¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜, AÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘, ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘, AÔ‰ÔÙ›·˜), ¤Ó·˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ NÔÌÔ‡ E˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ (¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜) Î·È ‰‡Ô ¢‹ÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ NÔÌÔ‡ ºˆÎ›‰·˜ (E˘·Ï›Ô˘, B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ). E¿Ó ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ Î¿ÔÈÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯¿ÚÙË ı· ·ÓÙÈÏËÊı› fiÙÈ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·˘Ù‹ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. TÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ, Ô˘ ÛÙ¤ÊÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¤˜ Ù˘ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜, Ù˘ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È Ù¤ÌÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÔÚ¤ˆÓ Ô˘ ηٷ-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·11
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. OÈ „ËϤ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜, Ô˘ ‰È·‰¤¯ÔÓÙ·È Ë Ì›· ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË, Ê·ÓÙ¿˙Ô˘Ó Û·Ó Ó· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û ¤Ó· ÓÔËÙfi ‰È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ¤ÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜. Afi ÎÔÓÙ¿ Î·È ¤Ó· Ï‹ıÔ˜ ·fi ÌÈÎÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ·, ÏfiÊÔ˘˜, Á‹ÏÔÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ‚Ú¿¯È·. AÓ¿ÌÂÛ· Û’ fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿, ·Û˘ÁÎÚ¿ÙËÙÔÈ ÔÈ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔÈ E‡ËÓÔ˜ Î·È MfiÚÓÔ˜, ‰È·Û¯›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· ÁÈ· Ó· Êı¿ÛÔ˘Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ÔÚ›· ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔ˘Ó Ì ÙȘ ·‰È¿ÎÔ˜ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜, ‡ÊÔÚ˜ ‰ȿ‰Â˜ Î·È ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ӷ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÛÙȘ Â΂ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜. M· ·˘ÙÔ› ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔÈ ÙÔ˘˜. ŒÓ· ϤÁÌ· ·Ú·Ôٿ̈Ó, ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ, ÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÌÈÎÚÔÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ú˘·ÎÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡Ó ·ÂÓ¿ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‡Ó·ÌË, ·ÚfiÙÈ ÔÈ ı˘Á·Ù¤Ú˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈ Ù¯ÓËÙ¤˜ Ï›ÌÓ˜ E˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË Î·È MÔÚÓÔÏ›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó Ôχ ÓÂÚfi Ì ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ AÙÙÈÎfi ÏÂηÓÔ¤‰ÈÔ. ™Ù· ÓfiÙÈ· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ì ÙȘ ηÚÔÊfiÚ˜ ‰ȿ‰Â˜, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÎÔÈÏ¿‰Â˜, ÌÈÎÚÔÎÔÈÏ¿‰Â˜, Ï¿ÎΘ Î·È Ï·ÙÒÌ·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Î·È Î¿ÌÔÈ Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiηÌÔÈ ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ. ŸÏÔ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÙ·È ·fi ‰¿ÛË Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÔÈΛÏË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË (Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Á¿‚ÚÔÈ, ÊÈÏ›ÎÈ·, ÌÂÏÈÔ‡‰È·, ÎÔ˘Ì·ÚȤ˜, ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜, ·ÚȤ˜, ÎÙÏ.),
ÂÓÒ ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· οÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈ Î·ÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Ù· ¤Ï·Ù· Î·È Ë Ï˘ÁÂÚfiÎÔÚÌË ÔÍÈ¿. Afi ÙËÓ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹ fiÏÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Ô ÙfiÔ˜ ηÙÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜. TÔ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ·Ú¯·›· ÂÚ›ȷ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ Û’ fiÏ· Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ·: EÏÏËÓÈο, M¿ÚÌ·Ú·, ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, MÓ‹Ì·Ù·. B¤‚·È·, ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËηÓ, ¿ÏÏ· ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËηÓ. H ÁÂÓÈ΋ fï˜ Ù¿ÛË ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÛٛ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÎÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Ó¤· ¯ˆÚÈ¿. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÂÁηٿÏÂȄ˘ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ˘·›ıÚÔ˘, Ù· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó¿, ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È Ì ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi. H Ù¿ÛË Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ˘ ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ÔÈÎÈÒÓ Î·È ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛ˘ Ó¤ˆÓ, Ì·˙› Ì ٷ ΛÓËÙÚ· Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ∂˘Úˆ·˚ο ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· (∫.¶. LEADER+, ¶∂¶ √ÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, √¶∞∞à ÎÙÏ) ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË ÂȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Û ÔÚÂÈÓ¤˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ÂÏȉÔÊfiÚÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì· ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ó¤· ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ Î·È ·Ó·˙ˆÔÁfiÓËÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·, Ù· ‹ıË Î·È ¤ıÈÌ· Ù· ÔÔ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ·ÈÒÓˆÓ, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ οÔȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ú·ÏÏ·Á¤˜, Â›Ó·È ÎÔÈÓ¿ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜.
∏ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· ·fi ÙȘ Â΂ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·12
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË O ÚÔ˘ÌÂÏȈÙÈÛÌfi˜, ˆ˜ ÌÈ· ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈ΋ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È Ë ÚÔ˘ÌÂÏÈÒÙÈÎË ‰È¿ÏÂÎÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÎÔÈÓ‹ Û˘ÓÈÛٷ̤ÓË ÙÔ˘˜. √ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ·ÁˆÓ›ÛÙËΠÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈ‚ÈÒÛÂÈ. ™ÙËÚ›¯ıËΠ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›· (ÔÈÎfiÛÈÙË, ÂÈÙfiÈ· ÎÔ·‰È¿ÚÈÎË, ÓÔÌ·‰È΋). H ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ηÏÏÈÂÚÁ‹ÛÈÌˆÓ ·ÁÚÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ¿Á¯Ô˜ Î·È Ë ·‰È¿ÎÔË ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÎÔ‡. T· Ï·ÙÒÌ·Ù· Î·È ÔÈ Ï¿ÎΘ ‹Ù·Ó ÏÈÁÔÛÙ¤˜, ¤Ú ӷ ͯÂÚÛÒÛÂÈ ‰·ÛˆÌ¤ÓÔ ÙfiÔ, fiÙ Ì ÙÔ ÙÛ·› Î·È fiÙ Ì ÙË ÊˆÙÈ¿. TÔ Í¯ÂÚۈ̤ÓÔ (ÚfiÁÁÈ) ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛÊÂÚfiÙ·Ó ¿ÓÙÔÙ ÁÈ· ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ·, ÁÈ·Ù› ‹Ù·Ó ηÙËÊÔÚÈÎfi Î·È ÂÙÚ҉˜. ŒÚÂÂ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, Ó· ÙÔ ÈÛÈÒÛÔ˘Ó Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ˙·Á¿‰Â˜ Ì ÙȘ Â˙ԇϘ. A˘Ù¿ Ù· Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ· ηٷÛ΢·Ṳ̂ӷ Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿ ·fi ¤ÌÂÈÚÔ˘˜ “Ì·ÓÙÚÔÏfiÔ˘˜” Â›Ó·È ¯¿ÚÌ· ÔÊı·ÏÌÒÓ. ¢È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ô˘ fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÊı›. E›Ó·È ÌÓËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ Ï·˚ÎÔ‡ Ìfi¯ıÔ˘, Ù˘ Ï·˚΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ Î·È ¿ÍÈ· ı·˘Ì·ÛÌÔ‡. Afi ÙÔ Î·ı¿ÚÈÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚ·ÊÈÒÓ ·fi ÙȘ ¤ÙÚ˜ Î·È Ù· ÂÙÚ·‰¿ÎÈ· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ÔÈ ¯·ÏÈ¿‰Â˜, ÔÈ ·Ú̷ο‰Â˜. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· Î·È Ù·
12
√ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ· Ì ÙȘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ Â˙ԇϘ
ڤ̷ٷ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÏÔÁÁ¤˜, ÍÂÏÈıÈ·Ṳ̂ӷ ‰¿ÊË ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ Ôχ ÚÔÛÔ‰ÔÊfiÚ·. K·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û’ fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿, Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, ÎÔ˘ÚÓÈ·Ṳ̂ӷ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÒÓ, Ì ٷ ΋ȷ ÙÔ˘˜, Ù· ÁÈÔ‡ÚÙÈ· Î·È Ù· ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. M·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›·, ÙË ÌÂÏÈÛÛÔÎÔÌ›·, ÙȘ ·ÁÚÔÙÈΤ˜ ·Û¯Ôϛ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÙ·Ì›ÛÈ· ·ÏÈ›· ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ù· ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Ì·ÓÙÚÔÏfiÔ˘ Ô˘ ¤ÎÙÈ˙ Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿, ÙÔ˘ ÎÙ›ÛÙË Ô˘ ÊÈÏÔÙ¤¯ÓËÛ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ηٷÏËÎÙÈο ¤ÙÚÈÓ· Û›ÙÈ· Î·È ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· Ô˘ η̷ÚÒÓÔ˘ÌÂ, ÙÔ˘ Ì·Ú·ÁÎÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ Ù·Ì¿ÎË (‚˘ÚÛÔ‰¤„Ë), ÙÔ˘ ¯Ú˘ÛÈÎÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÏÎÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ η˙¿˙Ë (ÌÂÙ·ÍÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡), ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÍÔÛΈÏËÎÔÙÚfiÊÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ ·Û‚ÂÛÙÔÔÈÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ηÛÈÙÂÚˆÙ‹ (ηϷÓÙ˙‹), ÙÔ˘ ÛȉËÚÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÚ·ÌÔÔÈÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ˘Ê·ÓÙ‹, ÙÔ˘ Ì˘ÏˆÓ¿, ÙÔ˘ ·ÁˆÁÈ¿ÙË, ÙÔ˘ Á˘ÚÔÏfiÁÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ ̷οÏË Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ¿ÏÏ·. ™Ù· ÓfiÙÈ·, ÛÙ· ‰ÈÓ¿ ̤ÚË ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎÂ Ë ·ÁÂÏ·‰ÔÙÚÔÊ›·, Ë ÁˆÚÁ›· Î·È Ë ·ÏÈ›·, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ «·ÛÙÈο» ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·Ù·. H ·ÌÂÏÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÁËÁÂÓ‹˜ ÛÙËÓ AÈوϛ·, ·ÊÔ‡ Î·È ¤Ó·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ì˘ıÈÎÔ‡˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ Ù˘ Ô OÈÓ¤·˜ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ Ô›ÓÔ, ‹Ù·Ó ·Ó·Ù˘Á-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·13
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Ì¤ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ Î·È Â‰ÈÓ‹ ˙ÒÓË Ì ÂÎÏÂÎÙ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÎÚ·Û›. ∂Ó‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ë ª·Ï·ÁÔ˘˙È¿ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Ô˘ Û¿ÓÈ· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ù·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·. TÔ È‰ÈfiÙ˘Ô ÔÚÂÈÓfi, ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓfi Î·È Â‰ÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì ٷ ÔÏÏ¿ ‰¿ÛË Î·È ÓÂÚ¿ ¢ÓfiËÛ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜ Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ›‰Ë Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ, ¿ÁÚÈˆÓ ˙ÒˆÓ fiˆ˜ ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÙÔ ˙·Úο‰È, Ô Ï‡ÎÔ˜, ÙÔ Ù۷οÏÈ, Ë ·ÏÂÔ‡, Ô ·Û‚fi˜, Ô ·ÁÚÈfi¯ÔÈÚÔ˜, Ë ‚›‰Ú·, Ô ÛηÓÙ˙fi¯ÔÈÚÔ˜, Ô ·ÁÚÈfiÁ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ ÎÔ˘Ó¿‚È, Ë Ó˘Ê›ÙÛ·, Ô ÛΛԢÚÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚÂÙ¿ fiˆ˜ Ê›‰È·, Û·‡Ú˜ Î·È ¯ÂÏÒÓ˜. E›Û˘ Ë ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Ì ÙË ‰·ÛÈ΋, ı·ÌÓÒ‰Ë Î·È ÔÒ‰Ë ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË, ·ÏÏ¿ ηÈ
Ù· ·ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰·, Ù· ‚fiÙ·Ó· Î·È ·ÁÚÈfi¯ÔÚÙ· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· Î·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋. ŸÏË Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·˘Ù‹ Ì ÙË Ì·ÎÚ·›ˆÓË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ì˘ıÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ÂÔ¯‹, Â›Ó·È ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ·fi ÌÓËÌ›· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÔ¯ÒÓ. AÈÙˆÏÔ›, §ÔÎÚÔ›, PˆÌ·›ÔÈ, B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ›, ∞Ó‰ËÁ·‚Ô›, AÏ‚·ÓÔ›, ºÚ¿ÁÎÔÈ, EÓÂÙÔ›, TÔ‡ÚÎÔÈ Î·È ÓÙfiÈÔÈ, ¿ÊËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ ‰È¿‚· ÙÔ˘˜ ÙË ÛÊÚ·Á›‰· ÙˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘˜. T· οÛÙÚ· (ηÛÙÚÈ¿ Î·È Î·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ·) ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ Î·È ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ·ÔÌÂÈÓ¿ÚÈ· ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ
∞ÓÙ›ıÂÛË ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙËÓ ÕÓÔÈÍË
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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™ÂÏ›‰·14
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·15
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ & πÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, Ì·˙› Ì ٷ Ù·ÌÔ‡ÚÈ· Ù˘ ÎÏÂÊÙÔ˘ÚÈ¿˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·ӿÛÙ·Û˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘Ó¯›˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ Ù˘ ËÚˆÈ΋˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Á˘. OÈ ·Ú¯·›ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È Ó·Ô›, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜ Î·È Ù· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ·, Ù· ·ÛÎËÙÈο Û‹Ï·È·, Ì·˙› Ì ٷ ÁÂʇÚÈ·, ÙÔ˘˜ ̇ÏÔ˘˜,
Ù· ¯¿ÓÈ· Î·È Ù· ÏÈÔÙÚ›‚È· Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÚÔÁfiÓˆÓ Ì·˜, Ô˘ η٤ÛÙËÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ¿ÁÔÓË ·˘Ù‹ ÁË Ì ÙÔ Ìfi¯ıÔ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ È‰ÚÒÙ· ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔÈ΋ÛÈÌË ÁÈ· ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·.
∆›¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÏÈÌ·ÓÈÔ‡ Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
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∏ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË Î·È ÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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Introduction This tourist guide refers to the area where the Local Program K.P. Leader+ of the Aetolian Development Enterprise of the Local Authority Organization [LAO] is implemented. It includes the eastern part of the Aetoloacarnania Prefecture (Mount Arakinthos and Nafpaktia), the western part of Fokida (Dorida) and a small part of the southern part of Evritania Prefecture (Domnista). It consists of the following Municipalities: Holy City of Mesologgi, Chalkia, Antirrio, Nafpaktos, Pylini, Platanos, Apodotia, Domnista, Efpalio, Vardousia. Geographic and Historical Approach This area nearly coincides with “ancient Aetolia”. The Aetolian land is weaved since ancient times with the continuous fight to tame the wild nature with the steep mountains, the wild and violent rivers, the gorges and the dells, the rough soil that hindered communication and movement of the populations. Next to this fight, there was an intense and continuous effort to preserve and develop the Greek civilization against the various foreign invaders. Through the aetolian myths, one learns about the action of an important nation that was initially organized as a tribe and reached the then pioneering federal organization of cities-states and not simply races. It was the Aetolian League that played a very important role in the Greek reality. The war machine of the Aetolians during rough times protected the Hellenic population against the invasions of foreign tribes and people. Three large rivers, Acheloos, Evinos (Fidaris) and Mornos (Dafnos) are the main factors that contributed to the geographical formulation of the aetolian land. As a result of the ongoing sedimentations, many cultivable valleys have been created and have changed the landscape. “Ancient Aetolia”, with Acheloos as a natural border, separating it from Acarnania, which was for years the reason for fights and war conflicts, was strestching along a large area surrounded by the three rivers, the mounts of Oiti, Vardousia, Timfristos and the upper flow of Acheloos, at Athamanes location. The coastal zone from Tafiassos to Nafpaktos, Trizonia and Krisaios Gulf, along with the mountain zone up to Amfissa were a part of Ancient Locris. After the occupation of Nafpaktos and the neighboring small cities in 338 BC by the Aetolians, Western Locris is geographically limited until it is integrated to the Aetolian League during its peak. A part of the aetolian land that extends at the south of mountain ranges Kaliakouda - Oxia Vardousia up to Arakinthos and the Mesolonghi Lagoon, Varasova and Klokova, the coasts of the Patras and Corinthian Gulf is the destination of an impressive journey that is full of surprises. If one observes the map, they will notice that the whole area has more or less the same geomorphologic look. It is dominated by the mountainous relief surrounded by the ranges of Kaliakouda, Sarantena and Vardousia and is cut by a range of mountains that end up to the sea. The high mountain tops, one succeeding the other look like as if they participate in a fantastic competition of natural beauty and splendor. Small mountains, hills and rocks complete the picture. Among all these, the rivers Evinos and Mornos travel a long way to reach the sea, through a magnificent course and after having formed various fertile valleys and extended deltas at their mouth. Also, a complex of tributaries, torrents, creeks and rills flow into them and maintain eternally their imposing force, despite the fact that the artificial lakes Evinolimni and Mornolimni uphold huge amount of water, which is used for the irrigation of Attica basin. At the south we come across fruitful valleys, while northwards lots of valleys lie between the mountains, as also small valleys, pits and flat areas, and small and large plain areas at the riversides. This entire relief is covered by forests consisting of varied vegetation (holly trees, hornbeams, drupes, bearberries, oaks, holm oaks etc) while northwards lie many chestnut trees, firs and pliant beeches.
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This peculiar mountainous, semi mountainous and flat relief with the many forests and water favored the existence of wild fauna with many species of birds, wild animals, for example deer, wolf, coyote, fox, badger, warthog, otter, hedgehog, wild cat, ferret, squirrel and reptiles like snakes, lizards and turtles. Also, the flora with its forest, bushy and turfy vegetation as well as the wild flowers, the herbs and the weeds is very impressive and interesting. Ever since the prehistoric era this place has been uninterruptedly inhabited. A proof thereof is the ancient ruins found in all villages as well as the names of the places: Hellinika (Greek), Marmara (Marbles), Paliochori (Old Village), Mnimata (Graves). Evidently, many villages were ruined and others were abandoned. However, the general trend was that people remained at their places, building even more new villages. Until this day, despite the shuffling that the abandonment of the Greek countryside created, the mountainous villages are kept alive, even with very scarce population. The history, the customs and the morals that have been formed over the centuries are common for the whole area despite some differentiations and variations. Roumeliotism, as a comprehensive concept of the character of the locals and the roumeliotian dialect is their common component. The mountainous population struggled to survive. They relied mainly on stockfarming (domestic, in droves and nomadic). The creation of cultivable grounds was the stress and ongoing concern of the villager. The flat areas and the pits were very few, so they were obliged to clear forested areas, either by digging or by burning them. The flattened soil (roggi) was not always suitable for cultivation because it could be downhill and rocky. As a result, they had to flatten it and so the benches (zagades) were created. These benches were made of dry stones by experienced craftsmen (madrolooi) and are really marvellous. They are still maintained even though all these fields have been abandoned. They are monuments of the people’s labor, the popular architecture and are worthy of admiration. Along with stock farming, apiculture, rural works and river fishing, several other professions bloomed, such as that of the wall builders that built using dry stones, the builder that created all these amazing stone houses and stone bridges, the carpenter, the tanner (currier), the goldsmith, the coppersmith, the silk smith, the silk worm breeders, the whitewash maker, the tinsmith, the ironsmith, the clay smith, the potter, the weaver, the miller, the driver, the peddler, the grocer and many others. At the lowland of the south, cattle breeding, farming and fishing flourished along with other “urban” professions. Viniculture, a local feature of Aetolia, since wine (oinos) was named after one of its mythical kings Oeneus, bloomed both on the mountain and lower lands with top quality wine. This region, with the long history that dates back to the mythical years and reaches the modern era, is full of monuments. The Aetolians, Locrians, Romans, Byzantines, Anjouans, Albanians, Franks, Venetians, Turks and locals passed and all left the mark of their activities and culture. The castles (large and smaller ones) of the ancient and medieval years, remnants of which are numerous at the area, together with the bulwarks of the armed forces and the war for independence reveal the constant struggle of this heroic land. The ancient tombs and temples as well as the Christian churches and monasteries, the ascetic caves and the bridges, the mills, the inns and oil mills mark the creative activities of our ancestors that managed with their sweat and efforts to make this arid land habitable for thousands of years.
Introduction
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ÔÈÎÈÏfi¯ÚˆÌÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Ì¤Û· ÛÙË ÛÙÂÁÓ‹ ÎÔ›ÙË ·fi ÊÚ‡Á·Ó·, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ·ÁÚÈÂÏȤ˜, ÎÔ˘ÙÛÔ˘È¤˜, ÌÂÏÈÎÔÎȤ˜ Î·È ÔÈΛϷ ·ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰·. ™ÙÔÓ AÚ¿Î˘ÓıÔ - Î·È ÂȉÈο ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ KÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜ - ··ÓÙÒÓÙ·È Ù· ŸÚÓÈ·, Ô ¶ÂÙÚ›Ù˘, Ô ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔÁ¤Ú·Î·˜, Ô MÔ‡ÊÔ˜, Ë ¶Ú·ÛÈÓÔÙÛÈÎÏËÙ¿Ú·, Ë K›ÛÛ· Î·È Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ ÛÙÚÔ˘ıÈÔÌfiÚʈÓ. K·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ͯÂÈ̈ÓÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Û¿ÓÈ· Ô˘ÏÈ¿. √ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ Î·È Ù· ÛÙÂÓ¿ Ù˘ ∫ÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ NATURA 2000 Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 133.313 ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ Ì Έ‰ÈÎfi ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2310010. ∂›Û˘ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ê·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡ Ù˘ ∫ÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋, Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ·Í›· ¤¯ÂÈ ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ÛÂ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ™ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ›Û˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ô Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ˘ÁÚÔ‚ÈfiÙÔÔ˜ Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ AÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡, Ô˘ Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ ¢¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ A¯ÂÏÒÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘ (º›‰·ÚË), Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ·' ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ MÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ. Œ¯ÂÈ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 250.000 ÛÙÚ¤ÌÌ·Ù· Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ·fi ÙȘ ÊÂÚÙ¤˜ ‡Ï˜ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ. T· ‰‡Ô ÔÙ¿ÌÈ·, Ì ÙËÓ ¿ÚÔ‰Ô ÙˆÓ ·ÈÒÓˆÓ, Û¯ËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó ¤Ó· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ·‚·ıÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ. OÈ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ˜ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ÍÂÂÚÓÔ‡Ó Û ‚¿ıÔ˜ Ù· 2 Ì. ·ÏÏ¿ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·È ÂÓ·ÏÏ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ì ٷ ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ӷ Ï·ÛÔÙfiÈ·, ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÏÌ˘Úfi‚·ÏÙÔ˘˜, ÙÔ˘˜ ηϷÌÈÒÓ˜, Ù· „·ıÔÙfiÈ·, ÙȘ ÏÔ˘ÚÔÓËÛ›‰Â˜, ÙȘ ·ÌÌÔı›Ó˜, ÙË ÌÂÛÔÁÂȷ΋ ̷Λ· Î·È Ù· Ê˘ÏÏÔ‚fiÏ· ‰¿ÛË ·fi IÙȤ˜, §Â‡Î˜ Î·È ºÚ¿ÍÔ˘˜. TÔ MÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Â›Ó·È ÊËÌÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ȯı˘Ô·Ú·ÁˆÁÈÎfi˜ ÙfiÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰·. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ȯı˘ÔÙÚÔÊ›·, ·ÏÏ¿ ηٿ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ Ë
·ÏÈ›· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜. H ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÙˆÓ ‚ÈÔÙfiˆÓ Î·È Ë Û·ÓÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ˙Ô˘Ó Û' ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ̤ÚË, οÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ˜ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˙› Ì ÙȘ Â΂ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯ÂÏÒÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ÌÈ· ·' ÙȘ ÈÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, ·fi ˙ˆÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ Î·È ‚ÔÙ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜. ŸÏË ·˘Ù‹ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ·Á̤ÓË ÛÙÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Natura 2000 ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ (Έ‰ÈÎfi˜ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2310001) Î·È ˆ˜ ˙ÒÓË ∂ȉÈ΋˜ ¶ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ √ÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰· (Έ‰ÈÎfi˜ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR23100155). ∂›Û˘ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ Û˘Óı‹ÎË ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ˘ÁÚÔÙfiˆÓ Ramsar. πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ¯ÒÚÔÈ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ∆Ô ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ·fi 3 ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ·Ú¯·›Â˜ fiÏÂȘ ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓ·, ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ· Î·È ∞Ï›Î˘ÚÓ·, Ô˘ ÁÓÒÚÈÛ·Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·ÎÌ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË ∞Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·. ™ÙËÓ πÛÙÔÚ›· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔÓ 16Ô ·È. Ì.Ã., Û· ‰È¿‰Ô¯Ô˜ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ, Û’ ¤Ó· ¯ÒÚÔ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÏÈıÈ΋ ∂Ô¯‹. ∆Ô ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Â›Ó·È Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ Ӥ˜ fiÏÂȘ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. ¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘˜ ·ÈÒÓ˜ Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Á‡Úˆ ·fi Ù· ηχ‚È· ÙˆÓ „·Ú¿‰ˆÓ ¿ӈ ÛÙ· ÓËÛ¿ÎÈ· Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜. √ ‚ÂÓÂÙÛÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ ¶·ÚÔ‡Ù· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË Ó·˘Ì·¯›· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ (1571) ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ: “¶ÚÒÙË Ë Ó·˘·Ú¯›˜ ‰È¤ÎÚÈÓ ÙÔÓ ÂÎ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÔÚÌ‹Û·ÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈÎfiÓ ÛÙfiÏÔÓ ÌfiÏȘ ·‡ÙË ¤Î·Ì„ ÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔÓ, fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ù· ȯı˘ÔÙÚÔÊ›·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÔÈ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ó ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ”. √ ›‰ÈÔ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÂÓ Î¿ÓÂÈ Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ÏfiÁÔ ÁÈ· fiÏË ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ·Ó Î·È Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚË. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ „·Ú¿‰Â˜ ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÈÁ¿ - ÛÈÁ¿ Î·È Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÙˆÓ 21
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·22
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Á‡Úˆ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Î·È ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ͤÓÔÈ, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ¢·ÏÌ·ÙÔ› ÂÈÚ·Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˆ˜ ÔÚÌËÙ‹ÚÈÔ. ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Â›Ó·È ‰·ÏÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ (Messo-Laghi = Ô ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ̤۷ Û ϛÌÓ˜). ¶Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο Ë fiÏË Â›¯Â ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌËı› ¿ӈ Û 3 ÓËÛ¿ÎÈ· Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜. ∞ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· Ì ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ Ù· ÓËÛ¿ÎÈ· ÂÓÒıËÎ·Ó Î·È Û¯ËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó ¤Ó· ›‰Ô˜ ¯ÂÚÛÔÓ‹ÛÔ˘. √È ÚÒÙÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Â›¯·Ó ·Ú¯È΋ ·Û¯ÔÏ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ›· Î·È ÙË Ó·˘ÙÈÏ›·. ªÂ ÙËÓ ¿ÚÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Ë fiÏË ÂÍÂÏ›¯ıËΠ۠ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Ó·˘ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ, ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ÙË Ó·˘ÙÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÙˆÓ ∂ÓÂÙÒÓ Î·È ‰È¤ıÂÙ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· Ó·˘ËÁ›·. ∂‰Ò ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¡·˘ËÁÂ›Ô Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ 18Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Ë fiÏË ‰È¤ıÂÙ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ∂ÌÔÚÈÎfi ™ÙfiÏÔ, ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ÛÙËÓ πÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ¡ÂfiÙÂÚ˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. ø˜ ÙÔ 1700 ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∂ÓÂÙÔ‡˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ÙfiÙ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Û˘Ìʈӛ· ·Ú·¯ˆÚ‹ıËΠÛÙÔ˘˜ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔ˘˜ fiˆ˜ Î·È ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË Ë ∞Èوϛ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË Â·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ √ÚÏÒÊ (1770), ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛ·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔ˘˜ Ó· ÂÁηٷÏ›„Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ fiÏË Î·È Û¯ËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ‹ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË. √ ÛÔ˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˜ η٤ÓÈÍ ÙËÓ Â·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È Î·Ù¤ÛÙÚ„ ÙËÓ fiÏË. ¶ÔÏÏÔ› ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ù˜ ηٿÊÂÚ·Ó Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· ∂Ù¿ÓËÛ·. ∆Ô 1774 Ë Û˘Óı‹ÎË ∫ÈÔ˘ÙÛԇΠ- ∫·˚Ó·ÚÙ˙‹ ¤ÙÚ„ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÏÈÔ‡˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ó· ÂÈÛÙÚ¤„Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ fiÏË ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ¿Ú¯ÈÛÂ Î·È ¿ÏÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È. ∆Ô 1804 ηٷϋÊıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ∞Ï‹ ¶·Û¿ Ô˘ ÙÔ ÎÚ¿ÙËÛ ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 1820. ™ÙȘ 20 ª·˝Ô˘ 1821 ÔÈ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ù˜ ‡„ˆÛ·Ó ÙË ÛËÌ·›· Ù˘ ·ӿÛÙ·Û˘ Î·È ÙË ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ô ∞Ï. ª·˘ÚÔÎÔÚ‰¿ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú¯ËÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Ô ª. ªfiÙÛ·Ú˘. ™ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Êı¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂȘ ·fi Ù· ∂Ù¿ÓËÛ· Î·È ÛÒÌ·Ù· ÊÈÏÂÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ. ∆Ô ª¿ÈÔ ÔÈ 22
∆Ô‡ÚÎÔÈ Ì 90 ÏÔ›· Î·È ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙÔÓ Ó·‡·Ú¯Ô °ÈÔ˘ÛÔ‡Ê ÂȯÂÈÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ηٷϿ‚Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ fiÏË ·ÏÏ¿ ·ÔÎÚÔ‡ÔÓÙ·È. ™ÙȘ 25 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1822 ÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ÔÏÈÔÚÎÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÍËÚ¿ (∫ÈÔ˘Ù·¯‹˜, √Ì¤Ú µÚ˘ÒÓ˘) Î·È ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· (°ÈÔ˘ÛÔ‡Ê). ªÂ Û‡ÌÌ·¯Ô Î·È ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· ÔÈ ÔÏÈÔÚÎË̤ÓÔÈ Ê¤ÚÓÔ˘Ó ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È ÔÈ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔÈ ·Ó·Áο˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó· χÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÔÚΛ· ÛÙȘ 31-12-1822. ™ÙȘ 5 π·ÓÔ˘·Ú›Ô˘ 1824 Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙË fiÏË Ô ÕÁÁÏÔ˜ ÊÈϤÏÏËÓ·˜ ÔÈËÙ‹˜, ÏfiÚ‰Ô˜ µ‡ÚˆÓ, Î·È ÛÙȘ 19 ∞ÚÈÏ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Âı·›ÓÂÈ ·fi Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·. ∆ÔÓ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1825 Ô ∫ÈÔ˘Ù·¯‹˜ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ÙË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÔÏÈÔÚΛ· ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È Ì ÛÙÚ·Ù‡̷ٷ ÙÔ˘ πÌÚ·‹Ì. √ ÎÏÔÈfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ï¤ÔÓ ·ÛÊ˘ÎÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ η̛· ¤ÍˆıÂÓ ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ·. √È ÔÏÈÔÚÎË̤ÓÔÈ ˘ÔʤÚÔ˘Ó Ï¤ÔÓ ·fi ·ÓÙÂÏ‹ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÂÊÔ‰›ˆÓ Î·È ÌËÓ ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ϤÔÓ Î·Ì›· ÂÏ›‰· ·ÔÊ·Û›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ·fi ÙËÓ fiÏË ÙÔÓ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1826. √È ‰È·Ûˆı¤ÓÙ˜ Ù˘ ÂÍfi‰Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ™˘ÌÂÒÓ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ‰È¤Ê˘Á·Ó ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ŸÛÔÈ ¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¶fiÏË ÎÏ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ Ì·ÚÔ˘Ù·Ôı‹Î˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ∫·„¿ÏË Î·È ÙÔÓ ¢ÂÛfiÙË πˆÛ‹Ê ƒˆÁÒÓ Î·È ‚¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ʈÙÈ¿ ÛÙÔ Ì·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ, ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛ·Ó ¤ÙÛÈ ÙË ı˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘. ∏ ËÚˆÈ΋ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô˜ Î·È Ë ÙÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÏfiÓÈÛ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔÓ ÔÏÈÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÎfiÛÌÔ. ™ÙÔ ¶·Ú›ÛÈ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒıËÎ·Ó ‰È·‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ Î·È ÛÙË °·ÏÏÈ΋ µÔ˘Ï‹ Î·È ÛÙË µÔ˘Ï‹ ÙˆÓ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÂÎÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ˘¤Ú ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ·ÁÒÓ·. ¶ÔÈËÙ¤˜ Î·È ˙ˆÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ ÛÙË ∂˘ÚÒË ‡ÌÓËÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ ·ÁÒÓ· Î·È ÙË ı˘Û›· Ù˘ ËÚˆÈ΋˜ fiÏ˘ Î·È Ë ‰ËÌÔÙÈ΋ Ô›ËÛË Ù˘ ·ÊȤڈÛ ϷÌÚÔ‡˜ ‡ÌÓÔ˘˜. ∏ ∂¤ÙÂÈÔ˜ Ù˘ ∂Ífi‰Ô˘ ÙÈÌ¿Ù·È Ì ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË Ï·ÌÚfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÂÈÛËÌfiÙËÙ· Ì ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ¯ÒÚ· ÙÔÓ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·23
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ Î¿ı ¤ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰È·ÚÎÔ‡Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ̤Ú˜. ™ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÙˆÓ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂˆÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÂÎı¤ÛÂȘ, Û˘Ó·˘Ï›Â˜, ‰È·Ï¤ÍÂȘ, ·ÚÂÏ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ·ıÏËÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ. ™ÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ‰ÈηÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, ÁÓˆÛÙfi Û·Ó ¶ÚˆÙfiÎÏËÙÔ ¢ÈηÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈο ȉڇ̷ٷ, Ë ¶·Ï·Ì·˚΋ ™¯ÔÏ‹, Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÛÂ Û·Ó ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÂΛÓË. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊË fiÏË, Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ªÔ˘Û›·, ÈÛÙÔÚÈο ªÓËÌ›·, ∞Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ¤ÓÙÔÓË ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹. Œ¯ÂÈ Â›Û˘ ˘¤Úԯ˜ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÔÌÔÚÊȤ˜ (fiˆ˜ Ë §ÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Î·È ÙÔ Î·Ù·ÏËÎÙÈÎfi ËÏÈÔ‚·Û›ÏÂÌ·). ¡· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ Ù· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ÛÙË ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Â›Ó·È È·Ì·ÙÈο. ∏ ÂÚÈ‹ÁËÛË ÛÙËÓ fiÏË ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛΤÙË ¤Ó· Ù·Í›‰È ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ, ¤Ó· ÂÚ›·ÙÔ ÛÙÔ ¯ı˜ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ÙÔÓ Î¿ÓÂÈ Ó· ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜ Ù˘ ¤Ó‰Ô͢ ÔÏÈÙ›·˜. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ¶‡ÏË, Ô ∫‹Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ∏ÚÒˆÓ, fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ∆‡Ì‚Ô˜ Ì ٷ ÔÛÙ¿ ÙˆÓ ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ¶ÔÏÈÔÚÎÈÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ∂Ífi‰Ô˘, Ô ∆¿ÊÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ ªfiÙÛ·ÚË, ÙÔ ªÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ºÈÏÂÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ, ÙÔ ªÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ §fiÚ‰Ô˘ µ‡ÚˆÓÔ˜, Ë ¶ÈÓ·ÎÔı‹ÎË Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¶·Ï·Èfi ¢ËÌ·Ú¯Â›Ô Î·È ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓ› ›Ó·Î˜ ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ Î·È Í¤ÓˆÓ ˙ˆÁڿʈÓ, ÙÔ ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ∆ÚÈÎÔ‡Ë Ì ÂÓı˘-
Ì‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Ã·Ú›Ï·Ô˘ ∆ÚÈÎÔ‡Ë, ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê· Î·È ÔÚÙÚ·›Ù· Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ∆ÚÈÎԇˉˆÓ, ÙÔ ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ¶·Ï·Ì¿, Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ·ÙÚÔÁÔÓÈÎfi Û›ÙÈ fiÔ˘ ¤˙ËÛÂ Î·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÛÂ Ô ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ù˘ ÔÈËÙ‹˜ ÁÂÌ¿ÙÔ ·fi ·Ó·ÌÓ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ∑ËÓfi‚ÈÔ˘ µ¿Ï‚Ë, Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë µ¿Ï‚ÂÈÔ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË, ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÓÂÔÎÏ·ÛÈο Û›ÙÈ·, ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈΤ˜ ∂ÎÎÏËۛ˜, ·ÏÈ¿ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈο Î·È Û›ÙÈ· Ô˘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·È., ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ O AÚ¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹ ›¯Â fiÏ· Ù· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÂΛӷ Ô˘ ÂÓ›Û¯˘·Ó ÙËÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ Î·È fiψÓ, ·ÊÔ‡ ·fi ÙË ÌÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ·Ù¤ÓÈ˙ ÙȘ Ï›ÌÓ˜ Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÙȘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ˜. ™ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ Aڷ·ÓıÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ¿ÓÔÈÁÌ· Ù˘ KÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ºÚ·ÁÎÔ˘Ï·›Èη ‹Ù·Ó Ë ∞Ú¯·›· ¶˘Ï‹ÓË, ¯·Ì¤ÓË Î¿Ô˘ ÌÂٷ͇ ̇ıÔ˘ Î·È ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜. H K·Ï˘‰ÒÓ· ÌÓËÌÔÓ‡ÂÙ·È Û·Ó ÌÈ· ·fi ÙȘ ¤ÓÙ ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈΤ˜ fiÏÂȘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ¤ÁÈÓ ̿¯Ë ÌÂٷ͇ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Î·È ∫Ô˘ÚËÙÒÓ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¶ÔϤÌÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌË, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ 390 .Ã. Û˘Ó‰¤ıËΠÔÏÈÙÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ∞¯·ÈÔ‡˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Ì¿¯Ë
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ›· ÙˆÓ ÙÂȯÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘
23
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·24
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÙˆÓ §Â‡ÎÙÚˆÓ Â·Ó‹Ïı ÛÙËÓ ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔϤÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ºÈÏ›Ô˘ ∂' ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Ë ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓ· Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ˘¤ÛÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ˙ËÌȤ˜. ∆Ô 48 .Ã. ˘ÔÙ¿¯ÙËΠÛÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ÙÔ˘ πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘ ∫·›Û·Ú· Î·È ÙÔ 30 .Ã. ÂÚËÌÒıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÌÂÙ¤ÊÂÚ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÛÙË ¡ÈÎfiÔÏË Î·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ıËÛ·˘ÚÔ‡˜ ÛÙËÓ ¶¿ÙÚ·. Œ¯ÂÈ Ù·˘ÙÈÛı› Ì ÙÔ K¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ KÔ‡ÚÙ·Á·, ÛÙȘ ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Aڷ·ÓıÔ˘ Û ¯·ÌËÏfi ‡„ˆÌ· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ E˘ËÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘. ∏ fiÏË ÚÔÛٷ٢fiÙ·Ó ·fi Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È, Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÌfiÓÔ ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘, Ì ÙȘ 6 ‡Ï˜ ÙÔ˘, ÂÓÒ Ë ·ÎÚfiÔÏË Â›¯Â ‰È΋ Ù˘ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛË. ∆Ô 1926 Ì ÙȘ ·Ó·Ûηʤ˜ ‹Úı ÛÙÔ Êˆ˜, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi Ù· Ù›¯Ë Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Î·È Û ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ·fi ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ‡ÏË - ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ §·ÊÚ›·˜, ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ï·ÙÚ¢fiÙ·Ó Î·È Ô ∞fiÏÏˆÓ §¿ÊÚÈÔ˜. πÂÚ‹ √‰fi˜ Ô˘ ¿Ú¯È˙ ·fi ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ‡ÏË Ì ¡¢ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÌÂÓÔ˜ fiÔ˘ ·ÔηχÊıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ›ȷ ‰˘Ô Ó·ÒÓ. ™ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ·Ú¯·˚Îfi, ·fi ÛËÎfi Î·È ÚfiÓ·Ô Ì ‰‡Ô ΛÔÓ˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÛÙ¿‰ˆÓ - Ï·ÙÚ¢fiÙ·Ó ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ Ô ∞fiÏψӷ˜. √ ¿ÏÏÔ˜ ‰ˆÚÈÎfi˜ ÂÚ›ÙÂÚÔ˜, ·fi ÚfiÓ·Ô, ÛËÎfi Î·È ÔÈÛıfi‰ÚÔÌÔ - ‹Ù·Ó ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜
24
∞Ú¯·›· ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·
ÛÙËÓ ÔÏÈÔ‡¯· ı¿ Ù˘ ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓ·˜. ∫·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ πÂÚ‹˜ √‰Ô‡ ·Ó·Î·Ï‡ÊıËÎ·Ó ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂÔ¯ÒÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ‰›ÎÏÈÙË ÛÙÔ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ·ÈÒÓ· .Ã. ∞ÎfiÌ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ Ô‰Ô‡ ‚Ú¤ıËΠ¤Ó·˜ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ ˘fiÁÂÈÔ˜ ıÔψÙfi˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ˘ÛÙ¤ÚˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ (100 .Ã.). ∂›Û˘ Ù¿ÊÔÈ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. H AÏ›Î˘ÚÓ· ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË X›ÏÈ· ™›ÙÈ·, ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ £ˆÌ¿, ¿Óˆ Û ¤Ó· ÏfiÊÔ, ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Z˘ÁÔ‡. TÔ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi X›ÏÈ· ™›ÙÈ· ‹Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ë ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Ûη¿ÓË ‰ÂÓ ¤ÊÂÚ ÛÙÔ Êˆ˜ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜. H ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ· Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ K˘Ú¿ - P‹Ó˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È µ¢ ÙÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Û ϷÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ Aڷ·ÓıÔ˘. º¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ È‰Ú‡ıËΠÙÔ 234 .X. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ ÚÒÙ˘ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·˜ ÙÔ 233 .Ã. ·fi ÙÔÓ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ ÙÔ ª·Î‰fiÓ·. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔ› Ù˘ ¤¯ÙÈÛ·Ó ÛÙȘ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∑˘ÁÔ‡ ÙË ¡¤· ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·, ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi οÛÙÚÔ Ù˘ "∫˘Ú¿ - ƒ‹Ó˘". ™ÙÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÊÚÔ˘Ú›Ô˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ∞ÎÚfiÔÏË, Ù· Ù›¯Ë Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ Â›Ó·È ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ Ù˘ fiÏ˘. Œ¯Ô˘Ó Ì‹ÎÔ˜ 3 ¯ÏÌ. Ô˘ ‰È·ÎfiÙÂÙ·È ·fi 25 ‡ÚÁÔ˘˜ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·25
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓË AÎÚfiÔÏË Ì 11 ‡ÚÁÔ˘˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È ·fi Ù· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÌÓËÌ›· Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘. ∆· Ù›¯Ë ›¯·Ó ‰˘Ô ‡Ï˜, ÌÈ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ ÂÓfi˜ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ı¿ÙÚÔ˘, ›¯ÓË ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Î·È ÌÈ· ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹ ·fi Ù· ηχÙÂÚ· Ù¯ÓÈο ¤ÚÁ· ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ. AÛ¿ÊÂÈ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·˜. ŒÓ·˜ ÌÂÏÂÙËÙ‹˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ AÈوϛ·˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ: “[∏ ¶·Ï·È¿ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ] ηÙ›¯Â ı¤ÛÈÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û·Ó ÌÈ·Ó ÒÚ·Ó ‚ÔÚ›ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÂȘ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ Â‰È¿‰·, › ÙÔ˘ Ìˉ·ÌÈÓÔ‡ ÏfiÊÔ˘, fiÛÙȘ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È °˘ÊÙfiηÛÙÚÔÓ”. AÛ¿ÊÂÈ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ÔÈ ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ηٷÁڷʤ˜ “... ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÚÔ˜ N. ˘„ÒÌ·Ù· ¶ÂÙÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ Î·È °˘ÊÙfiηÛÙÚÔ 1,5 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ MÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ”. ∆ÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘ Ù˘ K˘Ú¿ - P‹Ó˘ ÛÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ AÛÊ·ÎÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (111Ì.). ŸÌˆ˜ Û ·Ï·Èfi ¯¿ÚÙË ÙÔ °˘ÊÙfiηÛÙÚÔ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘ Ù˘ N¤·˜ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·˜ Î·È ‚ÔÚ›ˆ˜ Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ X›ÏÈ· ™›ÙÈ·. T· Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ó Û˘Áί˘Ì¤Ó· Î·È ÌfiÓÔ Ì¤Ûˆ ·Ó·ÛηÊÒÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ï˘ıÔ‡Ó. O AÚ¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ηıÒ˜ ˘„ÒÓÂÙ·È ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ıÚ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ˘‹ÚÍ ̿ÚÙ˘Ú·˜ ‰È·ÚÎÒÓ Î·È Û˘Ó¯ÒÓ ÚÔÛ·ıÂÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ËÚˆÈÎÒÓ Ì·¯ËÙÒÓ Ó· Û˘ÁÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈΤ˜ ÔÚ‰¤˜ Ô˘ ‹ıÂÏ·Ó Ì ·ÏÏÂ-
¿ÏËϘ ÔÏÈÔÚ˘ Ó· ηٷϿ‚Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÈÂÚ¿ fiÏË. ◊Ù·Ó ÎÚËÛʇÁÂÙÔ Ù˘ KÏÂÊÙÔ˘ÚÈ¿˜. E‰Ò ‹Ù·Ó Ù· ÏË̤ÚÈ· ÙˆÓ ÎÏÂÊÙÔηÂÙ¿ÓÈˆÓ KÒÛÙ· TÛÔ‡ÛË, °ÈÒÚÁÔ˘ ™Ê·ÏÙÔ‡, ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË M·ÎÚ‹. MfiÏȘ ÙÔ 1820 ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ ·ÚÌ·ÙÔÏ›ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ Z˘ÁÔ‡, Ô˘ ·Ó¤Ï·‚Â Ô Ì˘Ë̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙË ºÈÏÈ΋ EÙ·ÈÚ›· K·ÂÙ¿Ó ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ M·ÎÚ‹˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Î·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ¤Ï·‚ ̤ÚÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ E·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË. √ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ¿ÓÔÈÍ ÙËÓ ·ÁηÏÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ Ì ٷ ‰¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ù· Û‹Ï·È¿ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ¤ÛˆÛ ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ¤˜. A˘Ùfi˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ô˘ ‰¤¯ÙËΠÚÒÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ EÍÔ‰›Ù˜ ÙË ÊÔ‚ÂÚ‹ ÂΛÓË Ì¤Ú· Ù˘ EÍfi‰Ô˘. ∆Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ ™˘ÌÈÔ‡ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ÙfiÔ˜ Û˘Ó¿ÓÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ∂ÍÔ‰ÈÙÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ. √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi Ô‰È΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô ‚·ÛÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi Ô‰fi ÚÔ˜ ∞ÁÚ›ÓÈÔ. ªÂÙ¿ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, ÛÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘ËÓÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘, 32 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜, Ô˘ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÕÓˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ Î·È ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ. ∞̤ۈ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· µ∞ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·Ú›ÙÛ·.
ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ ™˘ÌÂÒÓ
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ µ¢ Î·È ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ηٷϋÁÂÈ Û ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ì ¿ÏÏÔÓ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË Ï›ÌÓË ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈο. ∞fi ÂΛ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÕÓˆ ªÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú·, ∫¿Ùˆ ƒ¤ÙÛÈÓ· Î·È ∞ÁÚÈÏÈ¿ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ¿ÏÈ ÛÙËÓ ∂ıÓÈ΋ √‰fi ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ - ∞ÁÚÈÓ›Ô˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ. ∆Ô ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ 42 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È ·fi Â‰Ò Ë ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈο Â›Ó·È Û˘ÓÙÔÌfiÙÂÚË Î·È Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ (∞ÁÚÈÏÈ¿ ∫¿Ùˆ ƒ¤ÙÛÈÓ· - ÕÓˆ ªÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú· - ∂ÏÏËÓÈο). ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÃÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ›‰È· ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡ (42 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ) ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ∞ÁÚÈÏÈ¿ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ µ∞ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È 7 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi Î·È 49 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙËÓ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ.
∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÒÓ ∆· EÏÏËÓÈο ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ˘fi ÙË ÛÎ¤Ë Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˘ (837 Ì.). M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ϤÁÔÓÙ·Ó ™È‚›ÛÙ·. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ AÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Iˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘, ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô˘ ·È. ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ AÚ¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜. ™Â ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ‰‡Ô ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÏÌ. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, Û ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙÔ ·fi ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜ Î·È ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë IÂÚ¿ MÔÓ‹ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜. E·Ó·¯Ù›ÛÙËΠ·fi ÙÔ ™˘ÓÙ·ÁÌ·Ù¿Ú¯Ë §Ô˘ÓÙÂڤη ÙÔ 1696, ËÁÔ˘ÌÂÓ‡ÔÓÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ IÂÚÔÌÔÓ¿¯Ô˘ ™ÂÚ·Ê›Ì, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤-
∏ ÛËÏÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙÔ‡
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πÂÚ¿ ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÚÂÙ·È Û ÂÓ›Áڷʘ ϿΘ. °È· ÙÚ›ÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛıËΠÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi, Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÛÙ·˘Ú›ÛÙÂÁÔ Ù‡Ô, Á‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1918. ™ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ IÂÚÔ‡ B‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ›¯Ô Ô˘ ‰È·ÛÒıËΠ·fi ÙË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ “K¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË” ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î¿ÔÈÔÈ ÙÔ Ù·˘Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·. B¢ ·fi Ù· EÏÏËÓÈο οو ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ¶ÂÚÁ¿Î˘ (652 Ì.) Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 560 Ì. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ K¿Ùˆ EÏÏËÓÈο. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1991 ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó K¿Ùˆ A̤ÏÈ·. ¢˘Ô ¯ÏÌ. ÓfiÙÈ· ÙˆÓ K¿Ùˆ EÏÏËÓÈÎÒÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ™‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙÔ‡, Ô˘ ˘‹ÚÍ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ·ÛÎËÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ηٿ ÙÔ MÂÛ·›ˆÓ·. I‰Ú˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÌÔÓ‹˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ô N›Î·Ó‰ÚÔ˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· KÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi˜ ÁÈ·Ù›, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ô MËÙÚÔÔÏ›Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ Afiη˘ÎÔ˜ (1199 - 1232) (“... ¤Ó ·ÔÎÚ‹ÌÓˆ Ù‹ ¤ÙÚ· ÂÈÎÚÂÌ¿Û·˜ ÙÔ ‰fiÌËÌ· Î·È ·ÚÔÓÔÌ¿Û·˜ Ô‡Ùˆ ÙÔ˘ KÚÂÌ·ÛÙÔ‡”). ™ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜.
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ªÔ˘ÛÔ‡ÚˆÓ ∞ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ·fi Ù· ÕÓˆ MÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 700 Ì. Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ Ù· K¿Ùˆ MÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 330 Ì. ˘fi ÙËÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊ‹ ™Ù·¯ÙÈ¿˜ (716 Ì.). O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙˆÓ ÕÓˆ MÔ˘ÛÔ‡ÚˆÓ ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ηٿ ÙȘ ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1875 Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1903. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ Â͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ 18Ô˘ ·È. Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1980. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ƒ¤ÙÛÈÓˆÓ Œ‰Ú· Â›Ó·È Ù· K¿Ùˆ P¤ÙÛÈÓ·, Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 340 Ì. ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ¶·ÏÈÔÚfiϷη˜ (529 Ì.) Î·È BÔ˘ÏÁ¿ÚÈ (661 Ì.). ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Tڇ˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 420 Ì. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ (1958), Ô Ó·fi˜ KÔ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ (1950) Û ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡, Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ K˘Úȷ΋˜ ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ 18Ô˘ ·È., Ô Ó·fi˜ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È ∂ϤÓ˘ (1931) Î·È Ô ÓÂfi‰ÌËÙÔ˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ M·Ú›Ó·˜. TÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÙÔ 1861 Õ˚ §È¿ ÛÙ· µ∞ Ù˘ N¤·˜ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·˜ ıˆ-
ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ÃÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ·˜
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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16:05
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘
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ÚÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ¤Ú¢ӷ fiÙÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· K¿Ùˆ P¤ÙÛÈÓ·. ÕÏÏÔÈ ÙÔÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó Â‰Ò ÙÔÓ ŒÏ·ÈÔ Î·È Î¿ÔÈÔÈ ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ.
ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “AÚÁ›·˜ P¤Ì·” ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿ Î·È Ï·ÎÔÛΤ·ÛÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜. E‰Ò ıÚ˘ÏÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÏË̤ÚÈ KÏÂÊÙÒÓ.
√ÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÃÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ· Î·È ∫·Ú›ÙÛ· ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ¢˘ÙÈο ·fi Ù· P¤ÙÛÈÓ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, XÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 540 Ì. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÁηٷÏÂÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ˜ Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ‰›·Ù· Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ (Ì ·ÓÒÁÈ Î·È Î·ÙÒÁÈ), Ì ÛΤ˜ ·fi ϿΘ Û¯ÈÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˘ Î·È ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ÛοϘ. O Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÁÓˆÛÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ XÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ·˜ (˘„fiÌ. 520 Ì.). ∆Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È 7 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓÔÚ›· MÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒÛˆ˜ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ AÁÚÈÏÈ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ, ·ÊÔ‡ ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Â›Ó·È ¤ÚËÌÔ Ì¤Û· Û ‰·ÛÒ‰Ë Ï·Áη‰È¿. TÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÛÙ·˘Ú›ÛÙÂÁÔ˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ˘. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ “AÚ¯ÈÌ·Ó‰Ú›Ù˘ T·Ú¿ÛÈÔ˜ KÙ‹ÙÔÚ· 1804”, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ È‰Ú‡ıËÎÂ Ë ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ 1804, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 1871 ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËÎÂ. ¢›Ï· ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë “BÚ‡ÛË ÙˆÓ KÏÂÊÙÒÓ”. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› Ô OÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi˜ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ˆ˜ ηٷʇÁÈÔ. Afi ÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∑˘ÁÔ‡ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ Û ‰‡Ô ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘˜ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ KÔÏÔ‚Úfi˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ì·˙› Ì ¿ÏÏ· ڤ̷ٷ ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙË §ÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. B∞ ·fi ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 570 Ì. Â›Ó·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ K·Ú›ÙÛ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Ì ÔÏÈÔ‡¯Ô ÙÔÓ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË HÏ›·. E›Û˘ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÂÓfi˜ ¯ÏÌ. ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Â›Ó·È Ô ·Ï·Èfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ZˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˘ ¶ËÁ‹˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢·Ûı›. K·Ù‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ K·Ú›ÙÛ· ÚÔ˜ ÕÓˆ KÔ˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ ÛÙËÓ
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÕÓˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ N∞ ·fi ÙËÓ K·Ú›ÙÛ· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÕÓˆ KÔ˘‰Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ Ì ¤‰Ú· ÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÕÓˆ KÔ˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 320 Ì. ÕÏÏÔÈ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› Â›Ó·È ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ K¿Ùˆ KÔ˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 180 Ì. ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÕÓˆ, ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ KÔ˘ÚÎÔ˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ Î·È Ù· MÂÏÈÎÈÓ·›Èη ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 400 Ì. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÕÓˆ KÔ˘‰Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ë KÔ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛıËΠÛÙËÓ K·ÙÔ¯‹. ŒÍˆ ·fi ÙÔ K¿Ùˆ KÔ˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ Î¿Ô˘ 1 ¯ÏÌ. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· MÂÏÈÎÈÓ·›Èη ÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ £Âfi‰ˆÚÔÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ¡∞ ÔÚ›· ÂÈÛÂÚ¯fiÌ·ÛÙ ÛÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ (˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 60 Ì.), •ËÚ·›Èη (˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 100 Ì.) Ô˘ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 1940 Î·È §·˚Ó¿˜, KÔ˘ÙÛÔ¯¤ÚÈ, (˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 200 Ì.) Î·È KÔÎÒÚË (˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 30 Ì.). O ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ KÔ˘ÚÎÔ˘Ù¿ Î·È ÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ. ¶‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ Ó·fi ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ Î·È E˘ËÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È ·fi Ù· ‰‡Ô. M¿ÏÏÔÓ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ηıÔÏÈÎfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡, ·ÊÔ‡ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÎÔ‡ÁÂÙ·È Ë ÊÚ¿ÛË “¿Ì ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË”. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ˆ˜ ÎÔÈÌËÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜. E›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈο, ÌÂÛÔ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿, ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ H›ÚÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ HÏ›·˜, ÙÚ›ÎÏÈÙË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ô˘ ¯Ù›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1973. ™ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi KÔ˘ÙÛÔ¯¤ÚÈ, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È µ∞ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜, ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ZˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˘ ¶ËÁ‹˜, ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ 1880, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1928 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÂÎ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ Ì ÙȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ 1975. ™ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi •ËÚ·›Èη µ¢ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ™˘Ú›‰ˆÓÔ˜, ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ 1998 ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ˘ÚηÁÈ¿. E›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È Ë AÁ›· M·Ú›Ó· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·È. Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô˘.
ÙÔÓ ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ µ·Ú‚¿Ú·˜ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ ˆ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∞̤ÏÈ· (∫¿Ùˆ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο). ™ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¤Ó· ÙÛÈÌÂÓÙ¤ÓÈÔ ÁÂÊ˘Ú¿ÎÈ, Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÛÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù‡ÔÚÔ˘, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·fi ÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ·Ú˘Ê¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÌÔÓ‹ (Û΋ÙË) ¯ÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ì¤Û· Û ‚·ı‡ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˆ˜ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi˜. ∏ ı¤· Â›Ó·È ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ÚÔ˜ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ - ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÓÈ¿ - ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, ÎÙÏ. §›ÁÔ ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙË Û΋ÙË Î·È ˆ˜ ÙÔ ∫ÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi, Ô‰ËÁ› ηÎfi˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜. ¢È·ÚΛ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2 ÒÚ˜.
ñ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο - ∫¿Ùˆ ∞̤ÏÈ· - ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·˜ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi˜ - ∫ÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ ∞fi Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı›
ñ ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á. ™˘ÌÂÒÓ - ¢Ô˘Ó¤Èη “ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂ÍÔ‰ÈÙÒÓ” ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ, ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ ·Ï·Èfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜ Ì ÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó Î·È ÔÈ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊÔÈ Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ¤ˆ˜ ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ ’60. ∆Ô ›‰ÈÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó ÔÈ 1.500 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÂÍÔ‰›Ù˜ Ô˘ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ·Ó ·’ ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘
∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô ÙÔÓ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi
∆ÔȯÔÁڷʛ˜ ÛÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙÔ‡
∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ¶Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜:
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
16:05
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÙÔ 1826 Î·È ¤ÊÙ·Û·Ó ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. √ √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi˜ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÓÂÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Ó· ‰È·ÓÔ›ÍÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ™˘ÌÂÒÓ ¤ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¢ÂÚ‚¤ÎÈÛÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞Ó¿ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ∞Ú¯Èο ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÌ·Ï‹ Ú¿¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘, „ËÏfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙË ÌÔÓ‹. ŒÂÈÙ· ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· fi¯ıË (‰˘ÙÈ΋) ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫¿Ùˆ ªÂÚÌ¿ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ª·ÎÚ˘Ó›·˜, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÏÈÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. ŒÂÈÙ· Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ¢Ô˘Ó¤Èη Î·È ·ÓËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ∞Ó¿ÏË„Ë. Œ¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ‰È¿ÓÔÈÍË ÛÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË ÌÔÓ‹. √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· ™ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ KÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜ - ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜ - ∂ÏÏËÓÈο •ÂÎÈÓ¿ ·fi ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ KÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜, ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÛÙ¿ıÌ¢Û˘ Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡, ͇ÏÈÓÔ ÎÈfiÛÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ‰·Û·Ú¯Â›Ô˘, ÌÈÎÚfi ·ÏÛ‡ÏÈÔ Ì ‡η οو ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ οıÂÙÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÛÙËÓ
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∂ÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‚·ÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘
·Ú¯‹ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·ÓËÊÔÚÈÎfi Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ì ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË ÎÏ›ÛË ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∞̤ÏÈ· (∫¿Ùˆ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο) Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜. ∞fi ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Û ۯ‰fiÓ ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈ· ÔÚ›· ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈο. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ú·È‹ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË Î·È Ë Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ¿ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 3,5 ÒÚ˜. ñ ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ÃÔ‡ÓÈÛÙ·˜ ∫ÔÚ˘Ê‹ °Ú‚ÂÓfi ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·fi ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ·Ú¯Èο Ì ۯÂÙÈο ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÎÏ›ÛË Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ Û ÌÈÎÚfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹, ÛÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶˘ÚÔÊ˘Ï·Î›Ԣ Ù˘ ‰·ÛÈ΋˜ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜. ∏ ı¤· ·fi ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ú·È‹ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË Î·È Ë ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ¿ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1,5 ÒÚ·. ¶Ô‰ËÏ·Û›· ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ԉ‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ›ӷÈ: ñ ™Â ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Î˘ÎÏÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·fi Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÚÔ˜ ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜, ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ¶Ï¿Î˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ¿ÏÈ ÛÙ· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο. ñ ™ÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο - ∫·Ú›ÙÛ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈ‚·-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
03-04-09
16:05
™ÂÏ›‰·31
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¶Â˙ÔÔÚÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘
™‹Ì·ÓÛË Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔÓ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ
¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ™ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ: ñ ∞fi ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ ™˘ÌÂÒÓ ÚÔ˜ ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Î·È Ì ¤ÍÔ‰Ô Â›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∫·Ú›ÙÛ·, ›Ù ÚÔ˜ Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ƒ¤ÙÛÈÓ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Î·È Ì ÂÍfi‰Ô˘˜ ÔÌÔ›ˆ˜ Ì ·Ú·¿Óˆ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÚÔ˜ ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ™È‚›ÛÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË Ï›ÌÓË ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·. ñ ∞fi Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο Ì ηٿÏËÍË ÛÙ· ºÚ·ÁÎÔ˘Ï·›Èη ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ù˘ ∫ÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜. ñ ∞fi Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÚÔ˜ Ù· ∫¿Ùˆ ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ º·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙÔ‡. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶¿Óˆ ªÔ‡ÛÔ˘Ú· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ¶·ÏË·ÚfiÏ·Îη. ñ ∞fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ °‡ÚÔ˜ Î·È ∆ڇ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ¶·ÏË·ÚfiÏ·Îη˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫Ô˘ÙÛÔ¯¤ÚÈ ·fi ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ, ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈÌËÙÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ª·ÎÚ˘Ó›·˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ¶·Ú·‰Â›ÛÈ Ì ηٿÏËÍË ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ 31
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫Ô˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ ·fi ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·Ú›ÙÛ· ·fi ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘, ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÔÙ·ÌԇϷ ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈÌËÙÔ‡. √ÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ √È ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ù˘ ∫ÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜, Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ·Á̤Ó˜ ÛÙÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Natura 2000 Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÔÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ÂÓ‰ËÌÈο ›‰Ë ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È È‰›ˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ú·¯fiÊ˘ÙˆÓ, Ù· ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ÔÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰·˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏˆÓ ‰·Ûfi‚ÈˆÓ Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ. ™ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÙÔ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÙˆÓ Â΂ÔÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∆Ô ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÏÙ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ù˘ πÂÚ¿˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜. ∏ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ·Ó›‰· Î·È ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Â˘Î·Èڛ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹˜. ¶ÚÔÛٷه-
¶ÈӷΛ‰· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ›ÛÙ· ÙÔ˘ ·ÏÂ͛وÙÔ˘ Ï·ÁÈ¿˜
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£¤· ·fi ÙËÓ ›ÛÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi
ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ˘ÁÚfiÙÔÔ˜ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ·fi ÙË Û‡Ì‚·ÛË RAMSAR, ˆ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÂȉÈο ÚÔÛٷ٢fiÌÂÓË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ (ۇ̂·ÛË µ·ÚÎÂÏÒÓ˘). ∞ÂÚÔÙÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Ù‹ÛÂȘ Ì ·ÏÂ͛وÙÔ Ï·ÁÈ¿˜ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ›ÛÙ· Ù˘ §¤Û¯Ë˜ ∞ÂÚÔÙÂÚÈÛÙÒÓ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ¶·ÏË·ÚfiÏ·Îη˜ (529 Ì.), ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∆ڇ˜. ∏ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÛÙÔ ÛËÌ›Ô, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ̤ÙÚÈ·˜ ‚·ÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÛÙ›·ÛË Î·È ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Â›Ó·È Ë ÚÒÙË Î·È Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÂÈÏÔÁ‹. º˘ÛÈο Ù· „¿ÚÈ· Î·È Ù· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ· Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÙÈÌËÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÓÔÛÙÈÌfiٷٷ ›‰Ë „·ÚÈÒÓ: ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÂȉ‹ (∫¤Ê·ÏÔ˜, ª˘ÍÈÓ¿ÚÈ, °¿ÛÙÚÔ˜), ¶ÂÚÎÔÂȉ‹ (§·˘Ú¿ÎÈ), ∫ˆ‚ÈÔÂȉ‹ (∫ˆ‚Èfi˜), ÕÔ‰· (äÏÈ, ¢ÚfiÁÁÔ˜), ™ÎÔÚÈÔ‡˜, °ÏÒÛÛ˜, ∑·ÚÁ¿Ó˜, ™Î·ÚÌÔ‡˜. ÕÊıÔÓ· Â›Ó·È Î·È Ù· √ÛÙÚ·ÎÔÂȉ‹ (·¯È‚¿‰Â˜, ÎÔ¯‡ÏÈ·, Á·Ú›‰Â˜, ·¯ÈÓÔ›, η‚Ô‡ÚÈ·), ηıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Ù· ª·Ï¿ÎÈ·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ¯Ù·fi‰È, Ë ÛÔ˘È¿ Î·È ÙÔ Î·Ï·Ì·Ú¿ÎÈ. ™ÙÔ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ, ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÏ›‰·˜, ÛÙ· ÚÔ¿ÛÙÈ· Î·È ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ô ÂÈÛΤÙ˘ Ó· ÍÂÎÔ˘Ú·-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ πÂÚ‹˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ÛÙ› Ó· Ê¿ÂÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, ÂÓÒ ÛÙËÓ fiÏË ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙȘ Ù·‚¤ÚÓ˜, Ù· ÂÛÙÈ·ÙfiÚÈ· Î·È Ù· Ó˘¯ÙÂÚÈÓ¿ ΤÓÙÚ·, ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÂÈ Ù· Ù˘Èο „·ÚÔÌ¿Á·˙· Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ Ì ٷ ¯¤ÏÈ·, ÙȘ ÙÛÈÔ‡Ú˜, Ù· ·ÛÙ¿ „¿ÚÈ·, Ù· ÂÙ¿ÏÈ· Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚ›ÊËÌÔ ·˘ÁÔÙ¿Ú·¯Ô. ™ÙÔÓ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂ÏÏËÓÈο fiÔ˘ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞.
∆ÔÈΤ˜ °ÈÔÚÙ¤˜ °ÈÔÚÙ‹ Õ˚ ™ÒÛÙË - ¡ËÛ›‰· µ·ÛÈÏ¿‰È §/ı ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ ™ÙȘ 6 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ Ì Á·˝Ù˜ Î·È Î·˝ÎÈ· ÂÈÛΤÙÔÓÙ·È ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ ™ÒÛÙË ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÛÂÚÈÓfi Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÚÙÔÎÏ·Û›· Î·È ÛÙȘ 7 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÌÂÚ· Ù˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹˜ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ë £Â›· §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÚ·¤˙È Ì ÓÙfiÈ· „¿ÚÈ· ·ÛÙ¿ Î·È ÁÏ˘Î¿, fiˆ˜ Ë ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ Ú·‚·Ó›.
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MUNICIPALITY OF THE HOLY CITY OF MESOLOGHI Arakinthos or Zigos is a large mountain complex that extends from the coast of the Mesologhi Lagoon, the lakes Trichonida and Lisimachia, the passes of Klisoura and Evinos river. It is a relatively low mountain and its highest peaks are Greveno (982 m) above Chounista and Agios Petros (937 m) close to Ellinika. Historic details Mesologhi Mesologhi lies among three very important ancient towns, Kalidona, Pleurona and Alikirna that bloomed during Antiquity. It first appears in the 16th century AD, as a successor of very important ancient settlements, at a place that has been inhabited ever since Paleolithic Era. Mesologhi is one of the new cities of Greece. It was established over the last centuries of the Turkish Occupation around the huts of the fishermen on the small islands of the lagoon. As time went by, the town grew and became a very important port and it competed the naval power of the Venetians that spared remarkable shipyards. Here was established the first Shipyard of Greece and by the 18th century the city spared a large Commercial Fleet, the first in the history of Modern Greece. In April 1825, the Turks besieged Mesologhi. The situation got very rough and any help from the outside was impossible. The besieged suffered from total lack of supplies and when they realized the hopelessness of their condition they decided to exit the city in April 1826. The heroic exit and the fall of the city shook the whole civilized world. Most important sites Greek The cave of Agios Nikolaos of Kremastos and the abandoned traditional settlement Chounista that is of particular architectural interest as well as the Monastery of Agios Georgios of Chounista. Alternative tourism Hiking ñ Ellinika - Kato Ampelia - Agios Nikolaos Kremastos - Kefalovriso ñ Monastery of Agios Symeon “the Path of those who exited Mesologhi” Climbing ñ Klisoura Gorge - Agios Georgios of Sivista Monastery - Ellinika ñ Agios Georgios of Chounista Monastery - Greveno Mt top. Biking 4x4 routes Magnificent routes with a 4x4 car are offered on dirt and forest roads on the slopes of Arakinthos. Ecotourism Arakinthos and Klisoura Gorge are included in the Natura 2000 network and are of particular ecotourist interest mainly as far as the endemic species of flora and more specifically the rock plants, the oak woods and the observation of wild avifauna and other forest birds. Paragliding Flights with paragliding from the opening on the top of Paliorolakkas Mt near the settlement Tripes.
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Arakinthos
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¢∏ª√∆π∫∞ ¢π∞ª∂ƒπ™ª∞∆∞ √¡√ª∞™π∞ ∂∫∆∞™∏
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°ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ηٿ ÌÈ· ¿Ô„Ë ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· fiÏË Ù˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜, ÙË Ã·ÏΛ‰·. ∏ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ fiÚÓÈÔ Ã·ÏÎ›Ó‰Ë Ô˘ ˙Ô‡Û ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‹ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÏÎÔ‡. ÷ÏΛ˜ ‹ ÷ÏΛ· ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó Î·È Ë µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¡¢ ¿ÎÚÔ Ù˘ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ¡fiÙÈ· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ¢˘ÙÈο Û˘ÓÔÚ‡ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ‚fiÚÂÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ fiÚÈÔ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· ‚Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ÎfiÏÔ. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘, °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, ÕÓˆ
¶§∏£À™ª√™ 2001 ∞¶√™∆∞™∏ ∞¶√ ¡∞À¶∞∫∆√
°·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË*
11.700
100
363
33
∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ
22.242
140
440
38
ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋
7.923
140
177
26
∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋
10.672
10
329
26
∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·
24.992
180
132
21
°·Ï·Ù¿˜
27.741
15
1.212
34
¶ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ
6.898
40
210
30
* ∆· ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘, °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û·Ó ÙÔ ‰‹ÌÔ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ·fi Û˘Ó¤ÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÒËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ 1994.
37
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·38
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ·Ú·Ï›ÔÓÙ·È ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ∆· Ê˘ÛÈο fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔÓÙ·È ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ, Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ‰‹ÌÔ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· (1.037 Ì.), Ô˘ Ë ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ù˘, ·fi ÙÔÓ fiÚÌÔ ∫·Ï·Ì¿ÎÈ Ì µ∞ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘. ¡fiÙÈ· ‚Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ÎfiÏÔ. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· (ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ™Ê˘Ú› 917 Ì.), ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÈ ÓfiÙȘ ·ÔÏ‹ÍÂȘ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó·Ó ηٿ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi, ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓfi ¢‹ÌÔ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ Â‰ÈÓfi. ¶·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ¤ÓÙÔÓ˜ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙÔ›ˆÓ Ì ‰ȿ‰Â˜, ÔÚÔ¤‰È·, ‚Ô˘Ó¿, Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ. ∏ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ·, Ô҉˘ Î·È ‰ÂÓ‰Ú҉˘. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤ-
38
∏ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· ·fi ÙÔ ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ
ÚÔÓ, ηıÒ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÏÙ· ∂˘‹ÓÔ˘, Ì ٷ Û¿ÓÈ· ›‰Ë Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú˘‰¿ÙÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË, Î·È Ô ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ˜ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, Ì ÙËÓ ¿ÁÚÈ· ÔÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰· Î·È ÙÔ ÔÈÎÔÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Ì ٷ Û¿ÓÈ· ›‰Ë Ê˘ÙÒÓ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜. √ ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ‰È·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ, ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ ÚÔ¯ˆÚ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ Â΂ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ‰ÈÓ¤˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚÈıˆÚ›Ô˘. ¡fiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚÈıˆÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ °·Ï·Ù¿ ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÙˆÓ Â΂ÔÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∆Ô ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÏÙ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ù˘ πÂÚ¿˜ ¶fiÏ˘ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Î·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜. ªÂ ÙÔ ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ô ∂‡ËÓÔ˜, Ì ÙÔ ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ ÚÔÛ¯ˆÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ (Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔÓ ∞¯ÂÏÒÔ) ‚Ô‹ıËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ù˘ §ÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘. √ Ù‡Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘ÁÚfiÙÔÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ·Ú¿ÎÙÈÔ ÌÔӛ̈˜ ηٷÎÏ˘Ṳ̂ÓÔ ¤ÏÔ˜ ·ÏÌ˘ÚÔ‡ - ˘Ê¿ÏÌ˘ÚÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡. ™¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÂÔ¯Èο ¤ÏË, Ù· ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓ·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·39
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ Ï·ÛÔÙfiÈ·, ÈÏÒ‰ÂȘ ÙfiÔÈ, Á˘ÌÓÔ› ‹ Ì ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË, Ô˘ ÏËÌÌ˘Ú›˙Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο ·fi ÓÂÚ¿ ›Ù Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ ›Ù Ù˘ ÏÈÌÓÔı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜. ∏ ·Í›· ÙÔ˘ ˘‰ÚÔ‚ÈfiÙÔÔ˘ Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È Û ·Ú‰Â˘ÙÈ΋, ·ÏÈ¢ÙÈ΋, ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊÈ΋, ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋, ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋, ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋. ∏ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ·Ó›‰· Î·È ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Â˘Î·Èڛ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹˜. ¶ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ˘ÁÚfiÙÔÔ˜ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ·fi ÙË Û‡Ì‚·ÛË RAMSAR, ˆ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÂȉÈο ÚÔÛٷ٢fiÌÂÓË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ (ۇ̂·ÛË µ·ÚÎÂÏÒÓ˘). ™Ù· ˘„ÒÌ·Ù· Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ¶ÔÓÙÈÎÔ‚·Ú‚·Î›Ó˜, ŸÚÓÈ·, BÚ·¯ÔÙÛÔ·Ó¿ÎÔÈ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ™ÙÚÔ˘ıÈfiÌÔÚÊ·, ÂÓÒ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÊÒÏÈ·˙·Ó Î·È ÔÈ XÚ˘Û·ÂÙÔ›. E›Û˘ ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û¿ÓÈ· ›‰Ë Ê˘ÙÒÓ, ÌÂÚÈο ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ÂÓ‰ËÌÈο, ·ÔÙÂÏÒÓÙ·˜ ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÔÈÎÔÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Ô˘ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ ÛÙȘ ·Ú˘Ê¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡. ∏ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÙ·¯ı› ÛÙÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Natura 2000, Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 14.460 ÛÙÚ¤ÌÌ·Ù·, ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ Ì Έ‰ÈÎfi ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2310005.
πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ™Â ÛËÏȤ˜ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÂÚÁ·Ï›· ÓÂÔÏÈıÈ΋˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÎÚ·Ó›Ô, Ô˘ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È Û ¿ÓıÚˆÔ ÙÔ˘ ¡Â¿ÓÙÂÚÓÙ·Ï. ∏ ·Ú¯·›· ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· fiÏË Ã·ÏΛ‰· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ŸÌËÚÔ ÛÙËÓ πÏÈ¿‰· ˆ˜ "∞Á¯›·ÏÔ˜ ÷ÏΛ˜". √ ™ÙÚ¿‚ˆÓ ÙËÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Î·È ˆ˜ "ÀÔ¯·ÏΛ‰· ", fiÏË ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¯ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ÷ÏΛ˜ Î·È Ô ¶Ôχ‚ÈÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÈ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ı¤ÛË Ù˘. ∂›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·fi ÙȘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈΤ˜ fiÏÂȘ Ô˘ ‹Ú·Ó ̤ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ∆ÚˆÈÎfi fiÏÂÌÔ ÛÙ¤ÏÓÔÓÙ·˜ Î·È Î·Ú¿‚È·. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ¤Ó· ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Â›Ó·È ‚˘ıÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ÎfiÏÔ Î·È ÙÔ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ ÛÙËÓ Â‰È¿‰· Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋. ∏ ÏËıÒÚ· ‰Â ÙˆÓ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÂÓ·Û¯fiÏËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÁÁÂÈÔÏ·ÛÙÈ΋. ª·ÎÚfi¯ÚÔÓË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ¤¯ÂÈ Î·È Ô ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Ë ÔÔ›· ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ µ¿Ú· Ô˘ ˙Ô‡Û ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ÕÏÏË ÂΉԯ‹ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Â›Ó·È ÛÏ¿‚ÈÎÔ Î·È ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Ô ÙfiÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÏÎÔ‡ ‹ Ô ÙfiÔ˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ ‚·Ú¿ÂÈ Ô ·¤Ú·˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏË fiÙÈ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ï‚·ÓÈ΋ ϤÍË vare Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁÈ¿ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰¤Ó‰Ú·,
ÀÔÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ∞Ú¯·›·˜ ÷ÏΛ‰·˜ ÛÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜
39
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·40
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ¿‰ÂÓ‰ÚÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi. ∏ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› ˆ˜ πÂÚfi µÔ˘Ófi ‹ ÕÁÈÔ ŸÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜, ÁÈ·Ù› ηٿ ÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ‹Ù·Ó ΤÓÙÚÔ ÌÔÓ·¯ÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ·ÛÎËÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ 9Ô - 12Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã. Ë ·fiÎÚËÌÓË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· ÚÔÛÂÏ·ÂÈ ·Ó·¯ˆÚËÙ¤˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ È‰Ú‡Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·ÛÎËÙÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙ›·, ÌÈÎÚÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ŸÚÔ˘˜. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ Û‹Ï·È· ÙÚÈÁ‡Úˆ, ÔÏÏ¿ ·fi Ù· ÔÔ›· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ˆ˜ Û΋Ù˜. ™Ò˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË Êı·Ṳ́Ó˜ ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜ Î·È ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ ÛÙȘ ÛËÏȤ˜. ªÂ ÙËÓ ÙÒÛË Ù˘ ¶fiÏ˘ ÙÔ 1453, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÓˆÚ›ÙÂÚ·, ¿Ú· ÔÏÏÔ› ÌÔÓ·¯Ô› - ·ÁÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ, Ôχ ηÏÔ› Ù¯ӛÙ˜, ¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÌfiÓÈÌ· ÛÙȘ Û΋Ù˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ‹ ‰È¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·Ó ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷϋÍÔ˘Ó Ì¤Ûˆ ‰˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ πÙ·Ï›·, fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÔÚıfi‰ÔÍÔ ÛÙÔȯ›Ô. ¢ËÌÈ-
∏ ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘
40
ÕÔ„Ë Ù˘ ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜
Ô˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ̷ÚÙ˘Ú›Â˜ 72 ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜, ÌÔÓ¤˜ Î·È ·ÛÎËÙ‹ÚÈ·. √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi Ô‰È΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô ‚·ÛÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÷ÏΛ·˜ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ‡ÎÔÏÔ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ÚÔ˜ ∞ÁÚ›ÓÈÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ. ™ÙÔ 20Ô ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ ‹ ¶·ÏÈÔ‚Ô‡Ó· fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÁÓˆÛÙfi, ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ (‚fiÚÂÈ·) Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·. ∆Ú›· ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· ÌÂÙ¿, ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÿÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, Ë ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘. ∞fi Ù· ÿÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË Î·È ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ∞fi ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· Î·È ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌˆÓ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È µ∞ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿ÓÙÚ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ∞fi Ù· ÿÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, ›Û˘, ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÓfiÙÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ, 2,5 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi Ù· ÿÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋, ۯ‰fiÓ Û ·ʋ Ì ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Î·È ÓfiÙÈ·.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:07
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ¿ÓÙ· ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ Î·È ∞ÁÚ›ÓÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ Î·È ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿, 31 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Î·È Ï›ÁÔ ÚÈÓ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿, ÓfiÙÈ·, ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ °·Ï·Ù¿˜ Î·È ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ, ÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¢¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜ ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÏÏ¿ ÌÓËÌ›·. ∂͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ÛËÏȤ˜ ·fi Ù· ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, οÛÙÚ· Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ ¿ÏÏ· ÌÓËÌ›· Ì ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ∂›Û˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ fiÚÌÔ˘˜, ÙÔ˘ ∫·Ï·Ì·Î›Ô˘, Ù˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú˘ÔÓÂÚ›Ô˘ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Î·È ÙÚÂȘ Ôχ fiÌÔÚʘ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜ Î·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∂˘‹ÓÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ H K¿Ùˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· Â›Ó·È Ë ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛı› Ô Ó¤Ô˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ AÁÚ¿ÌÂÏË (ZÂÏ·›Èη) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· X¿ÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘. ™ÙËÓ K¿Ùˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘. H K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· (¿Ù˘· ¶¿Óˆ ‹ ÕÓˆ
ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ K¿Ùˆ) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û ÌÈ· ÌÈÛÔ¯·Ú¿‰Ú· Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 600 Ì. Y¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÙ˘ÌÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ Ϥ͢. TÔ Èı·ÓfiÙÂÚÔ Â›Ó·È Ó· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙Ô˜. ∆Ô fiÚÔ˜ KÏfiÎÔ‚· ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÚËÌÓ҉˜, ÂÓÒ ÛÙË ‚ÔÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Êfi ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ‹ÈÔ, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ ¯·ÌËÏÒÓÂÈ Î·È Ë ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ˘ÎÓ‹. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ¿ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ ›¯·Ó ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ηٿ ÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ Î·È ÌÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ›. ™¤ÚÛÂÓ· ‹ ™¤ÚÛÂÓÔ ÌÂٷ͇ ¶·ÏÈÔηڢ¿˜ Î·È AÁ›·˜ K˘Úȷ΋˜ (1485), §È‚¿‰È Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ (1485, 1650) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· Î·È ÙÔÓ AÁڷȉfiηÌÔ, ¢Ú¿ÌÂÛ¯Ë (TÚ¿ÌÂÛË) (1485) ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ÌÂٷ͇ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ Î·È AÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘, ¶·ÏÈÔηϷ‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÛÙËÓ ¶·ÏÈÔηڢ¿ Î¿Ô˘ 1,5 ÒÚ· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÕÓˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·. E›Û˘ M·Û¤ÔÈ (M¿˙È) ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ M·Ì¿Îˆ˜ (1485) ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘. H K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠÌÂÙ··Ó·ÛÙ·ÙÈο ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁηٿÏÂÈ„Ë Ù˘ ¶·ÏÈÔηϷ‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜. OÈ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ÌÈÏ¿Ó fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ηٿ ÙËÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· 72 ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ô˘ “·Ê¿Ó’Û ÙÔ ÛÙÔȯÂÈfi”, Ë ÚÔÛˆÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ηٷÎÙËÙ‹. £Ú˘ÏÈ΋ Ë Ì¿¯Ë Ù˘ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ·ÓÙÈ-
∏ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·42
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÛÙÚ¿ÙËÁÔ ¢‹ÌÔ TÛ¤ÏÈÔ (29 ¢ÂÎ. 1824). ¶ÔÏÏ¿ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰ÂÈ Ô ÂÚÈËÁËÙ‹˜ ÛÙËÓ KÏfiÎÔ‚·. EÚ›ȷ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎÒÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ, ÙȘ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ˜ ÛÙÚÔ‡ÁΘ ÛÙË §Ô‡ÙÛ· Î·È ÙË B·ÙfiϷη Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡, ÙÔÓ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË (1868) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·, ÙËÓ AÁ›· K˘Úȷ΋ ÛÙ· ¶Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ· Ô˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ˘˙ÈÒÙ˜ οı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ 7 IÔ˘Ï›Ô˘ ÙÔ ı·‡Ì· Ù˘ ‰È¿ÛˆÛ˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηٷÎÙËÙ¤˜, ÛÙ· §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ· ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ “¶·¿‰Â˜” Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È· Î·È ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· ÙˆÓ 3 ¢‹ÌˆÓ ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ AÓ¿Ï˄˘. O Â˙ÔfiÚÔ˜ ÛÙ· ηϷ‚ÚÔ˘˙ÈÒÙÈη ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ Ó· ‰ÂÈ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ó· ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÂÈ ¤Ó·Ó ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·. AÓ‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÛÙËÓ ¶·Ï·ÈÔηϷ‚ÚÔ‡˙· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Ì ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ÔÈÎÔÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È ·Ó›‰·˜. ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ§·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ·fi ÙÔÓ ÙÔÈÎfi ∂ÎÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi
42
¶·Ó·Á›· ¶·Ó·ÍÈÒÙÈÛÛ·
™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ H °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û ϷÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÎÙÂٷ̤Ó˘ ÏÔÊÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘. MÂٷ͇ Ù˘ B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο, ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘ ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È Ù˘ ·ÎÙ‹˜ ÓfiÙÈ·, Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· Ù˘ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ P¤Ì· Ù˘ AÚÁ·ÏÈÔ‡˜. H ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ‰È·ÎfiÙÂÙ·È ·fi ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈο ÂÍ¿ÚÌ·Ù·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ M·˘ÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (287 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ KÏfiÎÔ‚· Î·È ÙË B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Î·È Ë K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· (361 Ì.) ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜. ™ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙË ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· Ù˘ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, 2 ¯ÏÌ. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ÌÈ· ‹ÚÂÌË Î·È ÂÚËÌÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›·, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ó·ÎÙ˙‹, Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙÔ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎfi ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‡η, ÂÏȤ˜ Î·È Î˘·Ú›ÛÛÈ· ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ÁÓˆÛÙ‹˜ Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¶·Ó·Á›· ¶·Ó·ÍÈÒÙÈÛÛ· (¶·Ó·ÎÙ˙ÈÒÙÈÛÛ· ¶·Ó·ÍÈÒÙÈÛÛ·). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Î·È ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·43
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ Î·È ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi ηıÔÏÈÎfi Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó·fi˜ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹˜ ÂÁÁÂÁÚ·Ì̤ÓÔ˜ Ì ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ. O Ó·fi˜ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ù˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·˜ 25ÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ 10Ô˘ ·È. Î·È Ô Ù‡Ô˜ Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË Ù˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜. √ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÎÔÌ„ÔÙ¤¯ÓËÌ·. ∞fi ÙȘ Û˘Ó¯›˜ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ Ô Ó·fi˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÒÚ· ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ηٿ ÌÈÛfi ̤ÙÚÔ. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¯Ù›ÛÙËΠ¿Óˆ ÛÙ· ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, Ô˘ ›¯Â Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ηıfiÛÔÓ Ù· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ· ÁÏ˘Ù¿ Ù˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ·„›‰·˜ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ̤ÏË. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ §ÈÔÙÚ›‚È Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Ó·fi Î·È ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ÂÚ›Ô˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1960. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ ÙÈÌ¿Ù·È ÛÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙˆÓ ¶·ÌÌÂÁ›ÛÙˆÓ T·ÍÈ·Ú¯ÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ÿÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ ÙÔ ·ÚÂÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙˆÓ AÁ›ˆÓ AÓ·ÚÁ‡ÚˆÓ, ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË Ù˘ 10ÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ 1960, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘, ÛÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô Ù˘ ÌÔÓfi¯ˆÚ˘ ‰ÚÔÌÈ΋˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜. ¶¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ Ó·fi Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 300 Ì. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ M¿ÚÌ·Ú·, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜. TÔ ·Ï·Èfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË NÙ·Ô‡Ù·Á· Î¿Ô˘ 3¯ÏÌ. ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ 1801 Ì ÙË ÊÔ‚ÂÚ‹ Ì¿¯Ë Ù˘ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ fiÔ˘ ÛÎÔÙÒıËÎÂ Ô ·ÚÌ·ÙÔÏÔηÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ˜ §Ô˘Î¿˜ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜. O ÏfiÊÔ˜ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· ÛÙÔÓ ËÚˆÈÎfi ηÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ, ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ
¶ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘
NÙ·Ô‡Ù·Á· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈÎÚfi ÌÔÓfi¯ˆÚÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1900). NÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ Â͈ÎÏËÛÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË HÏ›·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ ∆Ô TÚ›ÎÔÚÊÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ¤‰Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, Ù· X¿ÓÈ· °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. TÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ TÚ›ÎÔÚÊÔ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· µ¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰›Ï· ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó MÂ˙·˚‰¤ (ÁfiÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ M¤Ë, ¢ÁÂÓ‹˜). TÔ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi fiÓÔÌ· ÚÔÙÔ‡ Á›ÓÂÈ ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ÔıˆÌ·ÓÔ‡ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ‡¯Ô˘, ‹Ù·Ó ∫Ï‹Ì·. ¶ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1950 Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¿ÓıËÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ›: M·˚Ï›ÎÈ, AÁÎÔÚÙÛfiÚ·¯Ô, KÔ˘ÛÙ¤Èη, TÛÔ˘Î·Ï¤Èη. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ P¿ÙÛÈη, °È·‚ÚÔ˘Ù¤Èη, K˘ÚÈÙÛ¤Èη (ÛËÌ: ‰ÂÓ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˜ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ ·ÏÏ¿ ÌfiÓÔ Î·Ù¿ fiÓÔÌ·). ¶·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ›ӷÈ: ºÚ¿Áη A·ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔÓ KÒ‰Èη ÙÔ˘ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ K·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1650). BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ K·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ Û ˘„fiÌ. 609 Ì. Ì ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÓÂÚ¿, fiÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ¶·ÏÈÔÛÙ¿ÏÈ· ‹ Ô ¶·ÏÈÔÛÙ¿ÏÔ˜ (¶·ÏÈfiÛÙ·ÏÔ˜). ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È NA ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË °ÂÚÔÎÒÛÙ· Î·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶ÂÙÚˆÙfi. ¢È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÛÈÙ¿ÎÈ· ¯ÙÈṲ̂ӷ ·fi ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿. ¶ÈÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ¿Óˆ ·fi Ù· Ì·ÓÙÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ºÏˆÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂÙڿψÓÔ, Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ù·Ó Î·È Û·Ó ¯ÔÚÔÛÙ¿ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. H ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Û ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ÛÈÙÈÒÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÒÓ Î·È „ËÊȉˆÙ¿. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ “K·ÙÔ¯‹˜” οو ·fi ηÙ‰·43
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÊÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û›ÙÈ ‚Ú¤ıËΠ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜. H Ͽη ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ˘‹Ú¯Â ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËΠˆ˜ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi. ™ÙÔ P¤Ì· ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·’ Ù· ¶ÚÂÓÙ˙¤Èη ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÌÓ‹Ì·Ù·. ™ÙÔ ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi K˘ÚÈÙÛ¤Èη ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓÔ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÂ›Ô ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ Î·È ¯¿ÏÎÈÓÔ ·Á·ÏÌ¿ÙÈÔ ÔÏÂÌÈÛÙ‹. EΛ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Î·È ¿ÁÓ˘ı˜ (‚·Ú›‰È· ·fi ·ÚÁ·ÏÂÈÔ‡˜ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘). ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶Èӷο ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È Û ÔÚıÔÁÒÓÈ· ¤ÙÚ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ MOI™ø. E›Û˘ ÛÙË ‚Ô˘ÓÔÛÂÈÚ¿ §Èı·ÚfiÛÂÚÌ· Î·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·Ì¿Ú· (ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi ·„›‰·˜) ‚Ú¤ıËΠ¯¿ÏÎÈÓÔ ¿Á·ÏÌ· Ȥˆ˜. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙË Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ KÔÓÙ·Ú¿, fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ MÂÙfi¯È ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ (1819) ÙÔ˘ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ÙˆÓ KÚ˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ (1805). E‰Ò ÛÙË Ì·Á¢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Ì ÙȘ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚Ș ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1920 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÂÎ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ ÙÔ 1976. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1906). AÚÎÂÙ¿ ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÂÚ›ȷ Û ÔÏÏ¿ ÁÚ·ÊÈο ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ¶ÔÏÏ¿ ηٿÏÔÈ· ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚˆÓ ÂÔ-
44
∏ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÊfiÓÙÔ ÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·
¯ÒÓ ¤¯ÂÈ Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ Ô ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÚÈËÁËÙ‹˜, Â¿Ó ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÂÈ Ó· ·ÊÈÂÚÒÛÂÈ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, fiÔ˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ¤ÓÙ ·Ï¢ÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ, ˘‰ÚÔΛÓËÙÔ ÚÈfiÓÈ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “¶ÚÈfiÓÈ”, ÏÈÔÙÚ›‚È·, ÎÂÚ·Ìȉ¿ÚÈη, ηڂԢÓÔοÌÈÓ· Î·È ·Û‚ÂÛÙÔοÌÈÓ·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ˘fi ÙËÓ ÛÎ¤Ë Ù˘ AÓ·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜. °È· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÂ Û˘ÌʈÓËÙÈÎfi (30 OÎÙ. 1836) Ì ÙËÓ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË: B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘. ¶ˆ˜ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Ô ÙfiÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ·‰È¢ÎÚ›ÓÈÛÙÔ. ZÔ‡ÛÂ Â‰Ò Î¿ÔÈ· B·ÛÈÏÈ΋, ›Ûˆ˜ ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ Ô˘ ¿ÊËÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‹ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ·fi οÔÈÔ B·ÛÈÏ¿ÎË ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·; ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ Ë B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ó· Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ B·ÙÚ·ÎÔ¯ÒÚÈÔÓ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ MËÙÚÔÔÏ›ÙË Iˆ¿ÓÓË Afiη˘ÎÔ ÙÔ 1218 - 19. ø˜ ÚÒÙË Ô›ÎËÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È Ë ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, fiÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ô ·ÏÈfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ (1879) Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈ̇ÂÈ ˆ˜ ÎÔÈÌËÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜. O ÏfiÊÔ˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ TÚÈ¿‰·˜. ™ÙÔÓ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋, ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ Ù˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÂÚÈÙÂȯÈṲ̂Ó˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘ ÷ÏΛ˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞ÎÚfiÔÏË Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘. ™ÙË ¡∞ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈο Ù›¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÌÂÓÔ˘ Ô¯˘ÚÔ‡ οÛÙÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ¶¿ÁηÏ˘. ∆Ì‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Ù›¯Ô˘˜ ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ∫·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË (§ÈÌÓÔԇϷ), Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ. ÕÚ· ÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ Ù˘ ¶¿ÁηÏ˘ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Â ÙÔ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ¤Ó·˜ ·ÎfiÌ· ·Ì˘ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ÚÔÌ·¯ÒÓ·˜, fiÙ·Ó ‰˘ÛÎfiÏ¢·Ó Ù· Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ fiÏË. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÌÈ·˜ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ·˜ ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ‹ 6Ô˘ Ì.Ã. ·È. ∞fi ÙË µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ Èı·ÓfiÓ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∂ÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂȯÒÓ Ù˘ ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ ηÙÔ›ÎËÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. H ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÙËÓ Î·ı·Ú‹ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, ÙË §ÈÌÓÔԇϷ, ÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ fiÚÌÔ, ÙË B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·, ÙÔ K¿ÛÙÚÔ Ù˘ ¶¿ÁηÏ˘, Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ Ù˘ OÌËÚÈ΋˜ X·ÏΛ‰·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙfiÔ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÚÔÛ¤Ï΢Û˘ ÂÈÛÎÂÙÒÓ, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÁÂÌ¿ÙË Ë ·Ú·Ï›· Ù˘ ηٿ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜.
™ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÛÙȘ 6 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ (ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜) Ô ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ & ªÔÚʈÙÈÎfi˜ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ÙÚ¿Ù·˜. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹˜ ÌÈ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ÙÚ¿Ù· ηϿÚÂÙ·È, „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Û·Ú‰¤Ï˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ ∏ ÕÓˆ B·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ µ∞ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÍÂΛÓËÛ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ù˘ K¿Ùˆ B·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Ì ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi fiÓÔÌ· B·ÛÈÏÈ΋. M ÙËÓ ¿ÚÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ·Ó ¿ÏÏÔÈ Ó· ÌÂÙÔÈÎÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÌÂÛfiÁÂÈ· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ N·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - MÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ. ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ 1 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ TÚÈ¿‰·˜ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ B·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ M·˘ÚÔÌ¿ÙÈ (Èı·ÓfiÓ ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ M·˘ÚÔÌ¿Ù˘). TÔ‡ÙÔ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 15 ÔÈÎÔÁ., ÂÓÒ ÙÔ 1844 ›¯Â 142 ηÙ. Î·È ¤ÎÙÔÙ ÌfiÓÔ ˆ˜ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÂÈ›ˆÓ Ô Â›Û˘ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜. O ¶Ô˘Î‚›Ï ÛÙÔ Ù·ÍȉȈÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ: “¶¤Ú· ·fi ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÚÔ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡
∞Ú¯·›· ÷ÏΛ‰·
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·46
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ [E˘‹ÓÔ˘], Â›Ó·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÂÓfi˜ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡, fiÔ˘ ˙Ô‡Û·Ó ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· ¤ÍÈ Î·ÏfiÁÂÚÔÈ”. E›Ó·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈÔÌÔÓ¿ÛÙËÚÔ ÙÔ˘ M·˘ÚÔÌ·ÙÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ TÔ‡ÚÎÔ˘˜. T· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ ·ÏÈÔÌÔÓ¿ÛÙËÚÔ˘ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ Ì ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ MÔ˘ÙÛ¿Ú·, ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙˆÓ AÁ›ˆÓ ¶·Ù¤ÚˆÓ, Ë ¶·Ó·ÁԇϷ Î·È Ë ›‰È· Ë B·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Â›Ó·È ÙfiÔÈ Âȉ˘ÏÏÈ·ÎÒÓ Î·È Â˘¯¿ÚÈÛÙˆÓ ÂÚÈ¿ÙˆÓ. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË “KfiÓÈÛÌ·” ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÂÏÂÎËÙ¤˜ ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ ¤ÙÚ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÌÂٷʤÚıËÎ·Ó ÙÔ 1907 ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ô˘ ÎÙÈ˙fiÙ·Ó Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi. µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· √ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ˆ˜ ÙfiÔ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ οÏÏÔ˘˜. √È ÂÎÎÏË-
∞Ú¯·›· ÷ÏΛ‰·
46
∂Ú›ȷ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘
ۛ˜, ÔÈ ÌÔÓ¤˜ Î·È Ù· ·ÛÎËÙ·ÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ÂÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È fiÏ· ÂÚÂȈ̤ӷ. ∆· ÂÓ·ÔÌ›ӷÓÙ· fï˜ ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰‡Ó·ÌË Ù˘ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi. ∆· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ›ӷÈ: ¢˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, Û ¯·ÌËÏfi ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, ˘„ÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ. √ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ˘ 11Ô˘ ·È. Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ™¯Â‰È·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˜ Ì ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË Ù˘ ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜ Î·È Î·Ù·Û΢·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˜ Ì ÂÈ̤ÏÂÈ· Î·È Î·Ï·ÈÛıËÛ›·, ‰È·ÙËÚ› ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ̤۷ ·fi Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘, ÙËÓ ·ÚÌÔÓÈ΋ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË ÁÚ·ÌÌÒÓ, ÁˆÓÈÒÓ Î·È Ùfi͈Ó. §fiÁˆ Ù˘ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈ΋˜ ‰fiÌËÛ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi Î·È Î·ıÔ‰ËÁËÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ù˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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10:07
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ™ÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ·fiÎÚËÌÓË ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 80 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ·ÓÔ›ÁÂÙ·È Â˘Ú‡¯ˆÚÔ ‚Ú·¯ÔÛΤ˜ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ˘ ·ÛÎËÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô. ∆Ô Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ·ÚfiÏÔ fiÙÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂÚÂÈÈÒ‰Ë Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË, ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‰È¤ıÂÙÂ Î·È ÙÔ ÊÚÔ˘ÚÈ·Îfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ̤ÚÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ Ó·fi Î·È Û ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ë ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ, ˆ˜ ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËΠÔχ ·ÚÁ¿. ∂ΛÓÔ Ô˘ οÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi, fï˜, Â›Ó·È Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÂÁÎÏ›ÛÙÚ·˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ, Û ‡„Ô˜ 10 Ì., fiÔ˘ ·Ó¤‚·ÈÓÂ Ô «¤ÁÎÏÂÈÛÙÔ˜», ̤ۈ ÌÈ·˜ ͇ÏÈÓ˘ ÛοϷ˜, Î·È ·Ú¤ÌÂÓ ÁÈ· ·ÚÎÂÙfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ·ÊÔÛȈı› ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¢¯‹ ‹ ÙË Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ οÔÈÔ˘ ·ÛÎËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘. ∏ ÂÁÎÏ›ÛÙÚ· ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ∏ ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ™ÙË µ∞ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ·ÛÎËÙ·ÚÈfi ÙˆÓ ∞Á›ˆÓ ¶·Ù¤ÚˆÓ. ∆Ô Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ‹Ù·Ó ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈ-
Ṳ̂ÓÔ, Ì ÂÈÎÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ÙÔ˘ 10Ô˘ 11Ô˘ ·È., ·ÏÏ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ Ôχ¯ÚÔÓË ÂÁηٿÏÂÈ„Ë Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ÂȯڛÛÌ·Ù·, Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ fï˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂÈÎÔÓÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¶ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, Û ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ì ·Ó‡„ËÏ· ‰¤ÓÙÚ· Î·È ÓÂÚ¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ Ù· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˘. ™Ò˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ ÌÔÓfi¯ˆÚÔ˘ ‰ÚÔÌÈÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡ Ì ÙڛϢÚË ·„›‰·. ∞fi ÙËÓ ÙÔȯÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ˘ÛÙÂÚÔ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Î·È Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÌfiÓÔ ·fi Ù· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Ô˘ ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÙÂȯÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ. ™ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Î·È ¡∞ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË “¶ËÁ¿‰È” ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›ȷ Ó·˝ÛÎÔ˘ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜. ∆Ô ¶ËÁ¿‰È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 800 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘ Î·È Û ÛÙÂÓfiÌ·ÎÚÔ Ï¿ÙˆÌ· Ô˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·fi ‚Ú·¯fiÙÔÈ¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÎÔÛÌÂ›Ù·È ·fi ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰Ú·. ™‹Ï·È· - ·ÛÎËÙ·ÚÈ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û ÔÏϤ˜ ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ fiˆ˜ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Î·È °·Ï·Ù¿˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÔÚ·Ù¿ ·fi Ì·ÎÚÈ¿. ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ¶ÂÚÈıˆÚ›Ô˘ Î·È °·Ï·Ù¿ ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜ ˘¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌ· Ù· ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ¶ÂÚÈıˆÚ›Ô˘ Ì ÙÔ
√ οÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ °·Ï·Ù¿ ·fi ÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·
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™ÂÏ›‰·48
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ‹ µÚfiÌÈ·Ú˘ Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, Î·È ÙÔ˘ °·Ï·Ù¿ Ì ÙÔ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, ÙÔ ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ ·Ú¯·›Ô ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ Ù˘ “¶ÂÙÚ‹ÂÛÛ·˜” ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓ·˜, ÙÔ øÚÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ÛÙË ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈ΋ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·, Ë ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ÕÚ·¯ıÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, Î·È Ô ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓË ¶·Ï·ÈÔÏfiÁÂÈ·˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜. ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ™¯ÂÙÈο ‡ÎÔϘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙËÓ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·: ñ ™ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ Ó·fi ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ¡∞ Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˘ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Â›Ó·È ·ÓËÊÔÚÈ΋ Û ·Û·Ê¤˜ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ì ·Ú·È‹ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË. √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· fiÛÔ Î·È
48
√ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜
ÛÙËÓ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ÛËÏȤ˜, Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ ·ÛÎËÙ·ÚÈ¿, ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜, ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ·˘¯¤Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “ËÁ¿‰È” Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ™Ê˘Ú›. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Â˘‰È¿ÎÚÈÙÔ Î·È Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi °·Ï·Ù¿˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ÛËÏȤ˜, Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ ·ÛÎËÙ·ÚÈ¿, ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ·˘¯¤Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “ËÁ¿‰È” Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ™Ê˘Ú›. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË.
∆Ô ËÁ¿‰È ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·49
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·ÓËÊÔÚÈÎfi Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ·˘¯¤Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “ËÁ¿‰È” Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ™Ê˘Ú›. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ÛÙÔÓ ÎfiÌ‚Ô Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. ∞Ó·ÚÚ›¯ËÛË ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÛÙȘ ÔÚıÔÏ·ÁȤ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ·fiÙÔÌÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú˘ÔÓÂÚ›Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·Ó·ÚÚ›¯ËÛ˘. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ¯·Ú·Á̤Ó˜ Î·È ÛËÌ·‰Â̤Ó˜ ·Ó·ÚÚȯËÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Î·È ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·ÊË̤Ó˜ Û ÛηÚÈÊ‹Ì·Ù·, fiÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜, ÒÚ·, ‚·ıÌÔ› ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›·˜, ÎÙÏ.
¶Ô‰ËÏ·Û›· - ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ, ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› ›Ù Ì ԉ‹Ï·ÙÔ Â›Ù Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ. ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ Â›Û˘ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÓ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ.
∞ÙÂÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜
∞Ó·ÚÚ›¯ËÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·˜
49
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·50
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ √ÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ √ ÔÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ ¢¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙfiÛÔ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó›‰·. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓ‰ËÌÈο ‚Ú·¯fiÊ˘Ù· Î·È Â›Û˘, ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ Ï›Á˜ ÌÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ Û˘ÛÙ¿‰Â˜ quercus pubescens (¯ÓÔÒ‰ÂȘ ‰Ú‡Â˜), ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· ‰¤ÓÙÚ· Û ·Ù¿ÚÈ· οو ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹. √ÚÓÈıÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë Û‚·ÚÓ‹ÛÙÚ·, Û¿ÓÈÔ ‚Ú·¯fiÔ˘ÏÔ Ô˘ ‰È·¯ÂÈÌ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂΛ ÁÎÚÂÌÔ‡˜ Î·È Ë ÂÓ Á¤ÓÂÈ ¿ÁÚÈ· ÔÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰· Ô˘ ˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÛÙË µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚· Û‹ÌÂÚ· ˙Ô˘Ó ËÌÈ¿ÁÚÈ· Á›‰È· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·Ê‡ÁÂÈ ·fi ÎÔ¿‰È· Î·È ‰ÂÓ ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È.
∂ÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ÛÎËÓ‹ Ì ·Ô‰ËÌËÙÈο Ô˘ÏÈ¿
50
™‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞π∆ø§π∞ ∞.∂.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:07
™ÂÏ›‰·51
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ™Â fiÏË ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ˙ÒÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙË °·‚ÚÔÏ›ÌÓË ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘. ™ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ Ù·‚¤ÚÓ· fiÔ˘ ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓ›ÛÙËΠÚfiÛÊ·Ù·, Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ™ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ Â›Û˘ Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ·ÁÚÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ÌÔÓ¿‰· Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÚfiÙ˘Ô˘ ·ÁÚÔÎÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.
∆ÔÈΤ˜ °ÈÔÚÙ¤˜ ∏ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ÙÚ¿Ù·˜ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ™ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÛÙȘ 6 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ (ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜) Ô ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ & ªÔÚʈÙÈÎfi˜ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ÙÚ¿Ù·˜. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹˜ ÔÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ˜ ηϿÚÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ÙÚ¿Ù·, „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Û·Ú‰¤Ï˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ.
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÛÎËÓ¤˜ ·fi ÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ∆Ú¿Ù·˜
51
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘
10:08
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™ÂÏ›‰·52
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·53
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∂∫∆∞™∏ 50.794 ÛÙÚ¤ÌÌ·Ù· ¶§∏£À™ª√™ 3.230 οÙÔÈÎÔÈ ∂¢ƒ∞ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ
ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ¢∏ª∞ƒÃ∂π√ 26343. 60 401 ∏§∂∫∆ƒ√¡π∫∏ ¢π∂À£À¡™∏ adirio@otenet.gr π™∆√™∂§π¢∞ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∆∫À√ www.antirio.gov.gr K∂¶ 26340. 31 200 ∂§∆∞ 26340. 31 390 ∫∆∂§ 26340. 31 500 ∆∞•π 26340. 31 282
°ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ƒ›ÔÓ, ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ϤÁÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ. ™Â ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË ÏÔÈfiÓ Ì ÙÔ ·¯·˚Îfi ƒ›ÔÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·¤Ó·ÓÙ› ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ¿ÎÚÔ Ù˘ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ÂÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ¡fiÙÈ· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘ Î·È ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù· ÔÔ›· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √∆∞ ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ·Ú·Ï›ÔÓÙ·È ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘.
Ã∏™πª∂™ ™∂§π¢∂™ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∆∫À√ www.aitoloakarnania.gr www.orininafpaktia.gr
¢∏ª√∆π∫∞ ¢π∞ª∂ƒπ™ª∞∆∞ √¡√ª∞™π∞ ∂∫∆∞™∏
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·54
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· - º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó·Ó ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓfi ¢‹ÌÔ Ì ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ԢÛ˜ ‰ÈÓ¤˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, Ô˘ Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ ·¤Ó·ÓÙ› ÙÔ˘ ƒ›Ô, ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi ÎfiÏÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ‰˘ÙÈο. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ (1.037 Ì.) Ô˘ Ë ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ fiÚÌÔ ∫·Ï·Ì¿ÎÈ Ì ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ÙÔÓ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜. µfiÚÂÈ· Êı¿ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· µ·Ù¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ∞fi ÂΛ Ù· fiÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÓfiÙÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È µ∞ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¶Ï·ÙÔÓfiÚÂÌ· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›Ù˘. ∏ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· ‹ ¶·ÏÈÔ‚Ô‡Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ΈÓÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ fiÙ·Ó ÙË ‚ϤÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ™ÙÔ ›Ûˆ Ù˘ ̤ÚÔ˜ ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÙËÓ ÎˆÓÈ΋ Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÌfiÓÔ Î·Ù¿ 300 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ Î·È ÚÔÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È µ∞ ˆ˜ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿ ‡„Ô˘˜ 600 Î·È Ï¤ÔÓ Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Ù· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ∆Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‡„Ô˜ Ù˘ Î·È Ë ÁÂÈÙÓ›·Û‹ Ù˘ Ì ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ·›ÛÙ¢ÙË ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÙÚ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ¶¿ÙÚ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ.
∆Ô ·Ú¯·›Ô fiÓÔÌ· Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Â›Ó·È ∆·ÊÈ·ÛÛfi˜. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ıÚ‡ÏÔ Â‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô Ù¿ÊÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¡¤ÛÛÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ∫ÂÓÙ·‡ÚˆÓ, Ô˘ ÚÔÛ·ı› Ó· ÂÍËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÔÛÌ‹ ıÂÈ·ÊÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ·Ó·‚χ˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘. ∞ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· Ë ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛÙËΠ¶·ÏÈÔ‚Ô‡Ó· Î·È ∫·Î‹ ™Î¿Ï· ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ‰‡Û‚·ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Ì ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ·fi ÂÚÈËÁËÙ¤˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∆ËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ Ô ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ˜ ÷ÏԇϷÁ·˜ Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ µ·Ù¿ÎÈ, ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ, Ì ÓfiÙÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ڤ̷ٷ Î·È Ú˘¿ÎÈ· Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi ∫fiÏÔ.
∏ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·
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∏ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi Ô‰È΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô ‚·ÛÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ‡ÎÔÏÔ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ÚÔ˜ ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ - ∞ÁÚ›ÓÈÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ. ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ ·¤¯ÂÈ 10 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Î·È Â›Ó·È Ë Î‡ÚÈ· ‡ÏË ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›· Î·È ÙË ¢˘ÙÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·. √ ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·‚·ıÌÈÛÙ› Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ Ù˘ Á¤Ê˘Ú·˜ ƒ›Ô˘ - ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘. ∆Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - ∞ÁÚÈÓ›Ô˘ ·fi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË, Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎfiÌ‚Ô ÁÈ· ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ƒ›Ô˘ - ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, 9 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∞fi ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Â› ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 5 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∏ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÎfiÌ‚Ô Î·È ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ (‰˘ÙÈο) ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Î·È ÔÈ ¯ÂÚÛ·›ÔÈ ÛÙ· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ (·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο). ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ƒ›˙· (15 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ), ÙË ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙȘ ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓ¤˜ ÙÔÔ-
ıÂۛ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙Ô˘Ó Â›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Ã¿ÏÎÂÈ·˜ (¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·) ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ (µÂÏ‚›Ó·, µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·). πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· - ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ˆÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇ıÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ¢ˆÚȤˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ. √ ¯ÚËÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛÂ Ë ¶˘ı›· ÂÚÈ›¯Â ÙË ÊÚ¿ÛË ÎÏÂȉ› ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙÔ˘, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Î·ÙÂÓfiËÛ·Ó ÔÈ ∏Ú·ÎÏÂȉ›˜ Ì ·Ú¯ËÁfi ÙÔ ÁÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∏Ú·ÎÏ‹ ⁄ÏÏÔ. ∏ ÊÚ¿ÛË “ÛÙÂÓ˘ÁÚ¿Ó Ù‹Ó Â˘Ú˘Á¿ÛÙÔÚ·” ʈÙÔÁÚ¿ÊÈ˙ ÙÔÓ ÔÚıÌfi ÙÔ˘ ƒ›Ô˘ - ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÂΛ Ô˘ ÛÙ¤ÓÂ˘Â Ë ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ÛÙ· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ πÛıÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ∫ÔÚ›ÓıÔ˘. ªÂ ÙÔ ÍÂηı¿ÚÈÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚËÛÌÔ‡ η٤ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÙÔ ¤Ú·ÛÌ· Ì ·Ú¯ËÁfi ÙÔ ‰ÈÛ¤ÁÁÔÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ∏Ú·ÎÏ‹ ÙÔÓ ∆‹ÌÂÓÔ, ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ ·fi ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛ·Ó Ù· ÏÔ›· Ô˘ ›¯·Ó Ó·˘ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÔÈ §ÔÎÚÔ› Ì ԉËÁfi ÙÔÓ “ÙÚÈfiÊı·ÏÌÔ” ŸÍ˘ÏÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞Èوϛ·. ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙÔ˘, Ô˘ ¤ÓˆÓÂ Î·È ¯ÒÚÈ˙ ÙÔ˘˜ ÎfiÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ·fi ÙËÓ §ÔÎÚ›‰· Î·È ÙËÓ ∞Èوϛ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∞¯·˝·, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ÙÔ ˆ˜ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ fiϘ ÙȘ ÂÔ¯¤˜. ∆Ô ·Ú¯·›Ô ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ ÂÓÙÔ›ÛıËΠ‚˘ıÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ ‹Ù·Ó ÁÓˆÛÙfi ˆ˜ ªÔÏ˘ÎÚÈÎfiÓ ƒ›ÔÓ ‹ ªÔχÎÚÈÔÓ ƒ›ÔÓ, ÁÈ·Ù› ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘ ªÔχÎÚÂÈ·˜. °‡Úˆ ÛÙ· 459 .Ã. ÔÈ ∞ıËÓ·›ÔÈ Î·Ù¤Ï·‚·Ó ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔÓ, ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ. ∆Ô 338 .Ã. Ë ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ ÂÚȤگÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜. ∆ËÓ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ë ªÔχÎÚÂÈ·, Ë ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ Ô˘ ϤÔÓ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›· Î·È Û˘ÌÔÚ‡ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜. ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ı¤Û˘ ‰È‰ڷ̿ÙÈÛÂ Î·È ÙË µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ Î·È ªÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ÙË ÌÔ›Ú· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, fiÙ·Ó ·Ú·‰fiıËΠÙÔ 1499 ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÂÓÂÙÔÙÔ˘ÚÎÈÎÔ‡ ÔϤÌÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ µÂÓÂÙÔ‡˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜
∆Ô ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘
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∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘
√ıˆÌ·ÓÔ‡˜. ∆fiÙÂ Ô ™Ô˘ÏÙ¿ÓÔ˜ µ·ÁÈ·˙›Ù µ' ‚ϤÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ “ÛÙÂÓÔ‡” ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛË ‰‡Ô ÊÚÔ˘Ú›ˆÓ ÛÙ· ‰˘Ô ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ· (ƒ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ªÔÚÈ¿ Î·È ƒ›Ô Ù˘ ƒÔ‡ÌÂÏ˘), ¿Óˆ Û ·Ú¯·›· ıÂ̤ÏÈ·. ∞fi ÙÔÓ 17Ô ·È. Ô ÔÚıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ƒ›ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ¢·Ú‰·Ó¤ÏÈ· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ (Dardaneli di Lepanto) Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ ∫·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ Ù˘ ƒÔ‡ÌÂÏ˘ (Roumeli Castle), ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈÎÚÈÓfi ƒ›Ô ∫·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ ÙÔ˘ ªÔÚÈ¿ (Moreas Castle). ∆Ô ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔÓ Î·˙¿ (·گ›·) ÙÔ˘ µÂÓ¤ÙÈÎÔ˘ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ∫¿Ùˆ µÂÓ¤ÙÈÎÔ, ÌÂÙ·ӷÛÙ·ÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ∂·Ú¯›· ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È µÂÓ¤ÙÈÎÔ˘ (¡·˘·ÎÙÔ‚ÂÓ¤ÙÈÎÔ) ̤¯ÚÈ ÛÙ· 1833 Ô˘ ȉڇıËÎÂ Ë ∂·Ú¯›· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. ∆Ô ÊÚÔ‡ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, ηٿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÙ·ӷÛÙ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎfi Ê˘Ï¿ÎÈÔ. ∆Ô Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·È· ÙÔ ªÂ۷ȈÓÈÎfi οÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘, Ô˘ ›¯Â ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÚȤÙÂȘ. H Û˘Óı‹ÎË ·Ú¿‰ÔÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÊÚÔ˘Ú›Ô˘ ˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊËΠÛÙȘ 13 M·ÚÙ›Ô˘ 1829 Î·È ÙÔ K·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ, fiˆ˜ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ÙÔ AÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ, ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ÛÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙ›·. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô º¿ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ˘ (ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ÌÈÛfi ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·È.). ∂›Û˘ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ù· ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô ¡·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘, › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ. ŸÌˆ˜ ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ¤ÚÁÔ, Ë Á¤Ê˘Ú· ƒ›Ô˘ - ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙ› “÷ڛϷԘ ∆ÚÈÎԇ˘” ÚÔ˜ ÙÈÌ‹Ó ÙÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡, Ô˘ ÚÒÙÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚ·Ì·Ù›ÛÙËÎÂ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ Ù¯ÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ›Ù¢ÁÌ·. ∂›Ó·È Ë ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Î·Ïˆ‰ÈˆÙ‹ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ·ÓÔÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ, Ì ̋ÎÔ˜ 2.252 Ì. ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi Ù˘ fï˜ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Â›Ó·È 2.883 Ì. Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ÙˆÓ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÒÓ ÚfiÛ‚·Û˘ Î·È Ì ÙÚ›· ÎÂÓÙÚÈο ·ÓÔ›ÁÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 560 Ì. Î·È ‰˘Ô Ï¢ÚÈο ÙˆÓ 286 Ì.,
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘
∆Ô Î¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ & Ë Á¤Ê˘Ú· “÷ڛϷԘ ∆ÚÈÎԇ˘”
ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ Ô˘ ‰ڿ˙ÂÙ·È Û ‚¿ıÔ˜ ˆ˜ 65 Ì. οو ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜. ∞Ó·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi 4 ˘ÏÒÓ˜ ̤۷ ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Î·È ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ‰‡Ô ·ÎÚfi‚·ıÚ· ÛÙȘ ·ÎÙ¤˜. ∞fi ÙȘ ÎÂʷϤ˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÛÛ¿ÚˆÓ ˘ÏÒÓˆÓ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó 368 ηÏ҉ȷ, ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ÎÚÂÌ·Ṳ̂ÓË Ë Á¤Ê˘Ú·, ηٷÓÂÌË̤ӷ ·Ó¿ 12 ̤ÙÚ· ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛÙÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, Û ÔÎÙÒ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Û¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‚ÂÓÙ¿ÏÈ·˜ ‹ ·Ó› ÈÛÙÈÔÏÔ˚ÎÔ‡ fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ì·ÎÚ˘¿. ¢È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ‰‡Ô ψڛ‰Â˜ ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›·˜ Û˘Ó ÌÈ· ‚ÔËıËÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ‰‡Ô ‰È·‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈ¿ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛ‹ Ù˘, ¤Ó·Ó ·Ó¿ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË. √È ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ Ù˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙË ÛÂÈÛÌÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, ÙȘ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ¤‰Ú·Û˘ ÛÙÔÓ ˘ı̤ӷ Ù˘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜, ÙÔ˘˜ Ôχ ‰˘Ó·ÙÔ‡˜ ·Ó¤ÌÔ˘˜ Ô˘ Ó¤Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹,
Ù· Ú‡̷ٷ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘, Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ÛÌ›ÁÂÈ Ì ÙÔÓ ¶·ÙÚ·˚Îfi Î·È ÙË ‰È¤Ï¢ÛË ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ÂÌÔÚÈÎÒÓ ÏÔ›ˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Û¯Â‰È¿ÛÙËΠÁÈ· ÛÂÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ı· Û˘Ì‚Â› Ì›· ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙ· 2.000 ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó¤ÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÛÙË ı·Ï·ÛÛÔÙ·Ú·¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛı› ÁÈ· Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· ˆ˜ Î·È 265 ¯ÏÌ. ÙËÓ ÒÚ·, Ô˘ ÈÛÔ‰˘Ó·Ì› ÌÂ Ù˘ÊÒÓ·, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘Û˘ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓfiÏÔÈÔ˘ 180.000 ÙfiÓˆÓ Ì ٷ¯‡ÙËÙ· 16 ÎfiÌ‚ˆÓ.
¶Â˙fi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ Ì ı¤· ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú·
∞Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ
57
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·58
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘ ∆Ô ∞Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÛ¯·ÙȤ˜ Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ §ÔÎÚ›‰·˜, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· Ù˘ ∞Èوϛ·˜, ÛÙËÓ ÂÈ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯›· Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·. ◊Ù·Ó ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ¿ Ù˘ Î·È ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó ªÔÏ˘ÎÚÈÎfiÓ ƒ›ÔÓ. ∞Ú¯·›Ô˜ ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·Ï‡ÊıËΠ1 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¢Ú·Á·ÙÛÈ¿, ηٿ ÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛ˘ Ù˘ °¤Ê˘Ú·˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi, ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ·ÏˆÓfiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘. ◊Ù·Ó Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓË fiÏË Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ Ù˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ∫fiÏÔ˘, ›¯Â ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ Ó·˘ÙÈΤ˜ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ¢È¤ıÂÙ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¶ÔÛÂȉÒÓ·, ÂÓÒ ˘‹Ú¯Â Î·È ÂڛϷÌÚÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ Û' ·˘ÙfiÓ. ∞˘Ùfi Û˘ÓÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ÛÙÔ Ó· ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ˆ˜ ÂÌÔÚÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∆Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ È‰Ú‡ıËΠÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î¿ıÔ‰Ô ÙˆÓ ¢ˆÚȤˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ Î·È ˘‹ÚÍ ·ÔÈΛ· ÙˆÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓı›ˆÓ ÙÔÓ 7Ô .Ã. ·ÈÒÓ· Î·È ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÔϤ-
58
∞Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ
ÌÔ˘ ÛÙ· ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ·È. ∆Ô 431 .Ã. ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Ó·˘Ì·¯›· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ, ˘fi ÙÔÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi ºÔÚÌ›ˆÓ· Î·È ÙˆÓ §·Î‰·ÈÌÔÓ›ˆÓ, Ì ·Ú¯ËÁfi ÙÔÓ ∫Ó‹ÌÔÓ·. √È §·Î‰·ÈÌfiÓÈÔÈ ˘¤ÛÙËÛ·Ó ·ÓˆÏÂıÚ›· Î·È Î·Ù¤Ê˘Á·Ó ÛÙÔ ƒ›Ô, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ∞ıËÓ·›ÔÈ ÓÈÎËÙ¤˜ ÚÔÛ¿Ú·Í·Ó ÛÙÔ ªÔÏ˘ÎÚÈÎfiÓ ƒ›ÔÓ. ŸÌˆ˜ ÛÙÔ 426 .Ã. ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ Î·Ù·Ï‹ÊıËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ §·Î‰·ÈÌfiÓÈÔ˘˜. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„Ë Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÙÔ 338 .Ã. ∆Ô ·Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ªÔÏ˘ÎÚ›Ԣ, ·ÚfiÙÈ Ï¤ÁÂÙ·È ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfi Ù˘ µÂÏ‚›Ó·˜. ∞fi ÙȘ ·Ó·Ûηʤ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ
ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·59
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› Ë ÛÙÂÓ‹ Î·È ÂÈÌ‹Î˘ ÙÂȯÈṲ̂ÓË ·ÎÚfiÔÏË. ™ÙÔÓ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏfi Ù˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› ηÏԉȷÙËÚË̤ӷ Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ‰ˆÚÈÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡ ÙÔ˘ 4Ô˘ .Ã. ·ÈÒÓ·, ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ ¶ÔÛÂȉÒÓ·. ∆Ô Û¯‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Â›ÌËΘ ÔÚıÔÁÒÓÈÔ Î·È Ë ÎÚË›‰· ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛ΢·Ṳ̂ÓË ·fi Ê·Èfi Î·È ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ ·Ó·‚·ıÌÔ‡˜. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ‰ÂÓ ÚfiÊı·Û ӷ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆı›. ∏ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· ηٷÛ΢‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÚÈÓ ÙÔ 400 .Ã.. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ›Û˘ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹Ì·Ù·, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÌÈ· ΢ÎÏÈ΋ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹ Î·È ÌÈ· ÛÙÔ¿. ∆Ô ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›Ù˘, ÕÓˆ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›Ù˘ Î·È ºÚ·Áη›Èη. TÔ MÔχÎÚÂÈÔ Ì ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· MÔ‡È (MÔ‡Ë) Â›Ó·È ÌÂÙ··Ó·ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜. ¶ÚÔ·ӷÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂÚ›ÔÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ (281 Ì.), B¢ ÙÔ˘ MÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘. E‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÌÔÓ‹. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Ó·fi ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÁÔ‡·ÙÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÌÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È·. ™ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘, fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ Î·È Ë ı¤· Â›Ó·È ·¤Ú·ÓÙË, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙȘ ÎÚÔ-
ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ
οϘ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó. H Ͽη Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎÙËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ‰È·‚¿˙ÂÙ·È Â‡ÎÔÏ·, ηıÒ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛηÛÙ› ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Û‚¤ÛÙË. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ÁÚ·Ê› ‰‡Ô ·Ó·ÁÓÒÛÂȘ 1851 Î·È 1862. ™Â ÌÈ· ¯·Ú¿‰Ú· ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfiϷη ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Ô˘ ¯Ù›ÛÙËΠÛÙ· 1851. ∏ ÎÙËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔً͈ ÓfiÙÈ· ›ÛÔ‰Ô. ™ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏËÍË Ù˘ ¶·Ï·ÙÚ¿¯Ë˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ AÓ¿ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ XÚÈÛÙÔ‡ Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÁ‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1975 › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ. ¶¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ ÙÂÙ¿ÚÙÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·È. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¶Ï·Ù·ÓfiÚÂÌ· (∫¿Î·‚Ô˜) ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË, ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘.
∞Ú¯·›Ô ı¤·ÙÚÔ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜
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™ÂÏ›‰·60
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘
∏ ı¤· ·fi ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ı¤·ÙÚÔ Ù˘ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜
ÕÏÏ· ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË Î·ıÒ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·fi Ù· ˘„ÒÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·, fiÔ˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ı¤· Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘. ™ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ, ÙÔÓ πÔ‡ÓÈÔ ÛÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ƒÈÁ·Ó¿, ·Ó¿‚Ô˘Ó ÊˆÙȤ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÂÚÓÔ‡Ó Ë‰ÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÂÙ·È „ËÙfi ·ÚÓ›. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ ∏ ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÎÔÓÙ¿ Î·È NA ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∆·ÊÈ·ÛÛÔ‡ (∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·) ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÌÂÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ˘. ¢ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·fiÏ˘Ù· ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙ ¯Ù›ÛÙËÎÂ, ›Ûˆ˜ Ó· ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·Ú¯·›· ÔÌËÚÈ΋ fiÏË. ∏ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ‹Ù·Ó §ÔÎÚÈ΋ fiÏË ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜ Î·È ‰Â Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi Ì ‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ· fiÙ ¤Ú·Û ÛÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ. ÿÛˆ˜ ÙÔ 338 .Ã., ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ Ô˘ Ô º›ÏÈÔ˜ Ô µ’ Ô ª·Î‰ÒÓ Î·Ù¤Ï·‚ ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∏ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ÂÈÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û˜ ·fi„ÂȘ, ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ÛÂ Ê˘ÛÈο ·›ÙÈ· ›Ù Û ÛÂÈÛÌfi, ›Ù Û ÂȉËÌ›· ÂÏÔÓÔÛ›·˜, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·Ú·Ï›ÂÙ·È Ë ÂΉԯ‹, Ë Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ Ù›¯Ô˘˜, Ó· ¤ÁÈÓ ·fi ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ Ù˘ 60
ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ º›ÏÈÔ ÙÔÓ ∂'. ŒÎÙÔÙÂ Ë ·Ú¯·›· ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ÂÚÈ‹Ïı Û ·Ú·ÎÌ‹. ∆· ›¯ÓË Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È µ¢ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ª·Ì¿Îˆ Ù˘ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ πÂÚÔ‡ ¡·Ô‡ ∞Á›Ô˘ £ˆÌ¿, ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘, Ô˘ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È "¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ" Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 200 Ì. ∆ÂÚ¿ÛÙȘ ÂÏÂÎËÙ¤˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Ù›¯Ô˘˜. ∆Ô Ù›¯Ô˜ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ¤Êı·Ó ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, fiÔ˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ›¯ÓË ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÏÈ̤ӷ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “∫ÂÚ·Ìȉ¿ÎÈ”. ™ÙË ¡∞ Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ ·ÎÚfiÔÏ˘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ı¤·ÙÚÔ Ù˘ fiÏ˘, Ô˘ ›¯Â 14 ÛÂÈÚ¤˜ ηıÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ÙÔ Î·È ˆ˜ ‚Ô˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹ÚÈÔ. ™ÙÔ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ı¿ÙÚÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Î·È ÙÚÂȘ ¢ı‡ÁÚ·Ì̘ Î·È ·Ú¿ÏÏËϘ ÛÂÈÚ¤˜ ηıÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ì ÛÙËÚ›ÁÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ Ï¿ÙË, fiÔ˘ ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ οıÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈ Â›ÛËÌÔÈ, ÂÓÒ ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ˜ ıÚfiÓÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÙÈÌÒÌÂÓÔ ÚfiÛˆÔ. µfiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ı¿ÙÚÔ˘, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Î·È ‰‡Ô ΛÔÓ˜. B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ ·Ú·ÏÈ·Îfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ™ÔÔÙfi ÛÙÔÓ fiÚÌÔ fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› KÔÏÔ‚·›Èη Î·È M·ÁÎÏ·Ú·›Èη Ô˘ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ PÈ˙fiÚÂÌ·. ™ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi M·ÁÎÏ·Ú·›Èη ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô ·Ï·Èfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¶ÔÏ˘Î¿ÚÔ˘.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ¶·Ï·Èfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ X·ÏԇϷÁ· Ô˘ ›¯Â ÙÔ 1829, 32 ηÙ. Î·È ¤ÎÙÔÙ ¤·˘Û ӷ ·ÔÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È. TÔ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ fiÓÔÌ· Ù˘ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó M·Ì¿Îˆ, ·fi ÙÔ ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ M·Ì¿ÎÔ˜. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ (200 Ì.). H M·Ì¿Îˆ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ 1844 Î·È ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó Û ÏfiÊÔ, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ £ˆÌ¿. ™ÙȘ ·ÔÁڷʤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1940 ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Ë K¿Ùˆ M·Ì¿Îˆ ÂΛ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ë M·Î‡ÓÂÈ·. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. ŸÙ·Ó ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔÓ fiÚÌÔ K·Ï·Ì¿ÎÈ, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ›ȷ, ÔÈ ÌÔÓ·¯Ô› ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ Ó¤Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÛÙË M·Î‡ÓÂÈ·, ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ ÛÙË ÌÓ‹ÌË ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ∂ϤÓ˘, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÔÏÔÛ¯ÂÚÒ˜ › ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∆fiÙ ‹Ù·Ó Ô˘ ·fi ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛÙËΠª·Ì¿ÎÔ˘, ª·Ì̿Έ ‹ ª·Ì¿Îˆ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ӷÎÙ‹ÛÂÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi Ù˘ fiÓÔÌ·. ∏ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Û‹ÌÂÚ· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ ·Ú·ıÂÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ì ˆÚ·Èfiٷ٘ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜. °Ú·ÊÈÎÔ› ÔÈ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› AÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˜, fiÔ˘ Î·È ÏÔ˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë P›˙· ÛÙ· ÚÈ˙¿ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. ™ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ οÌÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û Á¤ÚÈΘ ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜ Ë ∂ÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ∑ˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˘ ¶ËÁ‹˜. ™Ù· ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ Ã·ÏԇϷÁ· Ô˘ ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙȘ ªÔÏ˘ÎÚÂÈÒÙÈΘ Ú¿¯Â˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ fiÙÈ ·¤ÌÂÈÓ ·fi ‰›ÙÔÍÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ Ì ¤Ì‚ÔÏÔ, Èı·Ófiٷٷ ÙÔ˘ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ÌÈÛÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ 17Ô˘ ·È. ™ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· Ù˘ ƒ›˙·˜, ÙÔÓ πÔ‡ÏÈÔ, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ∆ÛÈÔ‡Ú·˜ fiÔ˘ „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È ÙÛÈÔ‡Ú˜ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ.
∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ªÈ· Û¯ÂÙÈο ‡ÎÔÏË Â˙ÔÔÚÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒ›˙· Î·È Î·Ù¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∫˘Úȷ΋˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· ∫·ÙÛ¿Ì·. ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË.
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ›Ô ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒ›˙· ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Û›ÙÈ ÛÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·62
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ¶Ô‰ËÏ·Û›· ¶Ô‰ËÏ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ ›ӷÈ: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒ›˙· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. ñ ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ·fi ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ‹ ÙË ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘, ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ, ÙË µÂÏ‚›Ó· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ÕÓˆ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË Î·È ÂÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ì ΢ÎÏÈ΋ ÔÚ›·. §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘
¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙ· ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙ· Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ ›ӷÈ: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒ›˙· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÓˆ ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜. ñ ∞fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ƒ›˙· Î·È ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‹ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›·˜ µ·Ù¿ÎÈ ÛÙÔÓ ·˘ÙÔÎÈÓËÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜. ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˜ - ∑ˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˜ ¶ËÁ‹
62
¶ÚÔ˜ ∞Ú¯·›· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·63
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ π·Ì·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ £ÂÈÔ‡¯· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˘ √ ∞ÁڷȉfiηÌÔ˜ ÊËÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· Ù· È·Ì·ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿, Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ıÂڷ¢ÙÈΤ˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜, ·ÚıÚÈÙÈο, ÂÎ˙¤Ì·Ù· ‹ ¿ÏϘ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ı‹ÛÂȘ. √È ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÏÔ˘ÙÚÒÓ fï˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ∏ ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·Ó·Ù˘Á̤ÓÔ ·Ú·ıÂÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Î·È ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ Î·È Î·Ï¤˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘. ¢˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÎfiÌË ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË, ÛÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ ∞ÓÙ›ÚÚÈÔ. ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ÛÂ
ηٷχ̷ٷ ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿Ùˆ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÕÓˆ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›ÙË Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ∆ÔÈΤ˜ °ÈÔÚÙ¤˜ °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ƒÈÁ·Ó¿ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ ™ÙÔ ªÔχÎÚÂÈÔ, ÙÔÓ πÔ‡ÓÈÔ ÛÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ƒÈÁ·Ó¿, ·Ó¿‚Ô˘Ó ÊˆÙȤ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÂÚÓÔ‡Ó Ë‰ÒÓÙ·˜ ηٿ ÙÔ ¤ıÈÌÔ, ÂÓÒ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÂÙ·È „ËÙfi ·ÚÓ›. °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÛÈÔ‡Ú·˜ - ƒ›˙· ™ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· Ù˘ ƒ›˙·˜, ÙÔÓ πÔ‡ÏÈÔ, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ∆ÛÈÔ‡Ú·˜ fiÔ˘ „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È ÙÛÈÔ‡Ú˜ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ.
¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ ªÔÏ˘ÎÚ›Ԣ
™‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞π∆ø§π∞ ∞.∂.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
™ÂÏ›‰·64
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·67
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÔÚÂÈÓfi Î·È ÙÔ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓfi Î·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ Â‰ÈÓfi. µfiÚÂÈ· Î·È µ∞ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯Â›Ù·È ·fi Ù· Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·fiÙÔÌ· Ú·Ó‹ ÙˆÓ ÔÚ¤ˆÓ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. ™ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ Î·È ¡¢ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ˘„ÔÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔϤ˜ ÂÍÔ̷χÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ‹È· ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍË ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ˙ÒÓË ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰Ô¯ÒÚ·. ∆Ô ÓfiÙÈÔ fiÚÈÔ Ù˘ ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, ÂÊ¿ÙÂÙ·È ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘ Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È ‹ÚÂÌÔ ÙÔ›Ô, ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Ë fiÏË Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ì ٷ 14 ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ OÚ›Á·ÓÔÓ (ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi PÈÁ¿ÓÈ) Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÂÚÂÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘. ∂ÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ÔÙ·Ìfi µ¢ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ªfiÚÓÔ ¡∞. ¢È·ÙÚ¤¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‚·ıÈ¿ ¯·Ú¿‰ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ ™Î· ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ì ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·fi ‚ÔÚÚ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÓfiÙÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ËÈfiÙÂÚË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ µ·ÚÈ¿ ÛÙ· ¡¢ Ì ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË µ¢ - ¡∞.
TÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi PÈÁ¿ÓÈ (OÚ›Á·ÓÔÓ) ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfi fiÚÔ ŸÚË N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· ÎÔÚ˘ÊÒÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ʋ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜. O fiÚÔ˜ fï˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È ·‰fiÎÈÌÔ˜ ·ÊÔ‡ Î·È Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÓfiÙÈ·, ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ›ӷÈ. TÔ ÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ Ô˘ Ë ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ô Õ˚ §È·˜ (1.469 Ì.) ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‡„Ô˜ 1.405 Ì. Î·È 1.221 Ì. ÕÏϘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ Â›Ó·È ™ÙÚÔÁÁ˘Ïfi - Õ˚ §È·˜ (1.084 Ì.), æËÏ‹ KÔÚ˘Ê‹ (1.075 Ì.), ™ÎÔÈ¿ (1.043 Ì.) Î·È ¿ÏϘ ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ˜. TÔ fiÚÔ˜ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ˘ÂÚ¿Óˆ Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. BϤÔÓÙ¿˜ ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÛÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ ‰›ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË ÂÓfi˜ Ê·Ï·ÎÚÔ‡ Á˘ÌÓÔ‡ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‚·Û‹ ÙÔ˘. ™Â ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÛËÌ›· ÔÈ ÎÏÈه˜ ÙÔ˘ fï˜ Â›Ó·È ·fiÙÔ̘, ·ÊÔ‡ ۯ‰fiÓ ÂÚÈÎÏ›ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ, Ù· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· ™Î·˜ Î·È B·ÚÈ¿˜, ÙÔÓ BÚÔÛÙÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌÈÎÚԯ›̷ÚÚÔ˘˜. ŸÛÔ fï˜ ÏËÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· Ë fi„Ë ·ÏÏ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È Ë ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È ˘ÎÓ‹ Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ‰¤Ó‰ÚˆÓ.
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ηÓfiÓ· ‰ÂÓ‰ÚÒ‰ÂȘ ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ, Û Â˙ԇϘ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÁÚÔ‰·ÛÈÎfi ÙÔ›Ô. ∏ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, Ï˘Á·ÚȤ˜, ÈÙȤ˜, ÈÎÚÔ‰¿ÊÓ˜ Î.¿. ™Â ˘ÁÚ¿ Î·È ‰ÚÔÛÂÚ¿ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·, ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Ë ·ÚÈ¿. ªÂÛÔÁÂȷο ‰¿ÛË ·ÚÈ¿˜ Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ Û˘ÛÙ¿‰Â˜ Ì ÌÈÎÚ¿ Î·È ÒÚÈÌ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·, Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈÎÔÙfiÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ôχ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· ÛÙÔȯ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. °ÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ë ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·, ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋. ∞fi ÙÔ ª¿ÚÙÈÔ, Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÚ¯ÔÌfi Ù˘ ¿ÓÔÈ͢, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ™Â٤̂ÚÈÔ Î·È √ÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ, Û fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, ÛÙ· ÏÈ‚¿‰È·, ÛÙ· ‰¿ÛË, ÛÙ· ÊÚ‡Á·Ó·, ÛÙË Ì·Î›·, ÛÙ· ˘ÁÚÔÏ›‚·‰· Ê˘ÙÚÒÓÔ˘Ó Ï‹ıÔ˜ ·fi Û¿ÓȘ Ôگȉ¤Â˜, ›Úȉ˜, ÁÏ·‰ÈfiϘ, ΢ÎÏ¿ÌÈÓ· Î·È Î·Ì·ÓԇϘ. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÂӉȷÈÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó›‰·, Ë ÔÔ›· ηıÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘ Î·È Îϛ̷ÙÔ˜. ∏ ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙÔ ‰È¿‰ÚÔÌÔ ÌÂÙ·Ó¿ÛÙ¢Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·Ô‰ËÌËÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰·. °È· Ù· ›‰Ë Ù˘ ÔÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰·˜ Ô˘ ··ÓÙÒÓÙ·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÍ‹˜: Ù· ·Ú·ÎÙÈο Â›Ó·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·69
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÁÂÚ·ÎÔÂȉ‹ Î·È Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒÓÙ·È ·Ú·ÎÙÈο fiˆ˜ Ô Êȉ·ÂÙfi˜, Ë ÁÂڷΛӷ, Ô ÂÙÚ›Ù˘ Î.¿. Ó˘ÎÙfi‚È· ·Ú·ÎÙÈο ΢ڛˆ˜ ÎÔ˘ÎÔ˘‚¿ÁȘ Î·È ÌÔ‡ÊÔÈ. ∞fi ÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ıËÏ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ·ÏÂÔ‡, ÙÔ Ù۷οÏÈ, ÙÔ ·ÁÚÈÔÁÔ‡ÚÔ˘ÓÔ, ÙÔ ˙·Úο‰È ÛÙ· „ËÏfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÓÒ Ù·ÎÙÈο ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Ï‡ÎÔ˜. ™ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ȯı˘Ô·Ó›‰· Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ¤ÛÙÚÔʘ, ¯¤ÏÈ·, ÛÙÚÔÛ›‰È· Î·È ¯·ÌÔÛÔ‡ÚÙˉ˜. ∆Ô ÛÙÚÔÛ›‰È Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ËÌÈÎfi „¿ÚÈ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È ÛÙ· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∂›Û˘ Ô ¯·ÌÔÛÔ‡ÚÙ˘ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ËÌÈÎfi ˘Ô›‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜. ∆ÚÂȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈ· ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ (ÚÒËÓ ıËÚ·Ì¿ÙˆÓ): ∆Ô ÌfiÓÈÌÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ıËÚ·Ì¿ÙˆÓ, Û ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÒÓ ¢È·ÌÂÚÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·˜ - ∞ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿˜ - µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ - ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›ÈΈÓ. ∆Ô ÌfiÓÈÌÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘, ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜, ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜, ¢‹ÌˆÓ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜, ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ¡. ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ∆Ô ∫Ú·ÙÈÎfi ∂ÎÙÚÔÊÂ›Ô £ËÚ·Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË µ·Ù¿ÎÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜, ÛÂ
·ʋ Ì ٷ fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ Î·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ - ∫·Ï·‚ÚÔ‡˙·˜ - ª·Î‡ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È. ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·Ê˘Á›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·ÏÈÛÙ› Ô ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹, ‰È·¯Â›Ì·ÓÛË, ·Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Î·È ‰È¿ÛˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÂȉÒÓ Ù˘ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜ Î·È ·˘ÙÔÊ˘Ô‡˜ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ··ÁÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È Ë ı‹Ú· οı ıËÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Î¿ı ›‰Ô˘˜ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜, Ë Û‡ÏÏË„Ë Î¿ı ›‰Ô˘˜ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜ ÁÈ· ÌË ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜ Î·È Ë Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ οı ›‰Ô˘˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ¯ÒÚÔÈ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ H N·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˆ˜ Î·È ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· Ù˘ Ù¤ˆ˜ E·Ú¯›·˜ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, Â›Ó·È “Ë N‡ÌÊË ÙÔ˘ KÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡” ·ÊÔ‡ Ù· fi‰È· Ù˘ ·ÎÔ˘ÌÔ‡Ó ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. H ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂȯÒÓ ·Ï·È¿ fiÏË Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û’ ¤Ó·Ó ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Î·È Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÂÚ›ÂÚÁË ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ OÚ›Á·ÓÔÓ (PÈÁ¿ÓÈ). H Ó¤· fiÏË Â›Ó·È ·ÏˆÌ¤ÓË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Î·È ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ·fi ÙÔÓ Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓÔ ÏfiÊÔ. H ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Ûη¿ÓË ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂÈ
69
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:08
™ÂÏ›‰·70
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ fiÙÈ Ë ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË ˙ˆ‹ ÛÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ ÂÚ› ÙÔ 3.000 .X. ¶ÚÒÙÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ §¤ÏÂÁ˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·ÔÚÚÔÊ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¢˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ §ÔÎÚÔ‡˜ Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ Ë N·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙË ¢˘ÙÈ΋ (EÛÂÚ›·) §ÔÎÚ›‰·. ™˘Ó‰¤ıËΠ̠ÙȘ ·Ú¯·›Â˜ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ηıfi‰Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ¢ˆÚȤˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÙfiÔ Ó·˘‹ÁËÛ˘ ÏÔ›ˆÓ, Ó·˘ËÁ›·. §fiÁˆ Ù˘ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋˜ ı¤Û˘ ÛÙÔ ÛÙfiÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÙ ÎÏÂÈÛÙÔ‡ KÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ ̋ÏÔ Ù˘ ŒÚȉԘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹ Î·È ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ΢ڛˆÓ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 338 .X. Ô˘ Ô ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿˜ Ù˘ M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ º›ÏÈÔ˜ Ô B’ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯ÒÚËÛ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÌÌ¿¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ AÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÙËÓ ÂÔÊı·ÏÌÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÁÈ· ·ÚÎÂÙÔ‡˜ ·ÈÒÓ˜. TË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹ ‹Ù·Ó ¤‰Ú· £¤Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ¤‰Ú· MËÙÚÔÔÏ›ÙË Ì ¿Óˆ ·fi ‰¤Î· ÂÈÛÎfiÔ˘˜, “¶ÚÔηıÂ˙Ô̤ÓË fiÏȘ” Ù˘ AÈوϛ·˜ ηٿ ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹ Î·È ÙË ‚ÂÓÂÙÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ™Ù·ÓÙ˙·Î›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ K·˙¿ N·˘·ÎÙÔ‚ÂÓ¤ÙÈÎÔ˘, ˆ˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1833. X·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÁÓÒÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ Ù˘, Ô˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‡Ô ‚Ú·¯›ÔÓ˜, Ù· Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ‰È·ÙÂȯ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÙÔ
70
∆Ô Î¿ÛÙÚÔ Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Û ¤ÓÙ ‰È·˙ÒÌ·Ù·, ¤ÓÙ οÛÙÚ· ̤۷ ÛÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ E¿¯ÙÔ˘, ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ηӤӷ ¿ÏÏÔ. A˘Ùfi ÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ ÎÚ‡‚ÂÈ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ·ÈÒÓˆÓ. §¤ÏÂÁ˜, §ÔÎÚÔ›, AıËÓ·›ÔÈ, MÂÛÛ‹ÓÈÔÈ, A¯·ÈÔ›, AÈÙˆÏÔ›, PˆÌ·›ÔÈ, B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ›, AÓ‰ËÁ·‚Ô›, AÏ‚·ÓÔ›, BÂÓÂÙÔ›, TÔ‡ÚÎÔÈ Î·È NÂÔ¤ÏÏËÓ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ê‹ÛÂÈ Ù· ›¯ÓË ÙÔ˘˜. TÔ ÂÚ›Ù¯ÓÔ ÎfiÛÌËÌ· ÙÔ˘ KÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÙÔ ÏÈÏÈÔ‡ÙÂÈÔ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ, ÔÈ ·¤Ú·ÓÙ˜ ·ÎÙ¤˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿‰Â˜, Ë ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ·ÏÈ¿ fiÏË, ÔÈ ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÌ„‹ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Û›ÙÈ· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·Ûˆı› ·fi ÙË Ìfi‰· ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘Î·ÙÔÈÎÈÒÓ, ÔÈ Ï·Ù›˜, ÔÈ Ï·Ù·ÓÔÛÙÔȯ›Â˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÁÔËÙ¢ÙÈΤ˜ ÁˆÓȤ˜ ηıÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ, Ì ÙȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ Î·È ·Ó¤ÛÂȘ, ÙËÓ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ Ù˘, ÙfiÔ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡. O ÂÈÛΤÙ˘, fiÙ·Ó ÂÚ·Ù‹ÛÂÈ, ı· ·Ó·Î·Ï‡„ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿, Ô˘ Â‰Ò ÏfiÁˆ ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ηٷ¯ˆÚËıÔ‡Ó. ™ÙËÓ fiÏË Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÁÚ·Ê› Û˘ÓÔÏÈο, Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÏÈÌ·ÓÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘, 185 ÌÓËÌ›· Î·È ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÚÔÛٷهÔÓÙ·È. ∏ fiÏË Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ô˘ ‚Ú›-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·71
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÛÎÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ §·Áη‰Ô‡Ï· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ ™Î·, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›ÛÙËΠÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜ ÙfiÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ›Ô È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ˘ οÏÏÔ˘˜ Î·È Ë ›‰È· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ fiÏ˘, ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜. ª¤Û· Û’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ fiÏ˘, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ù˘ ˘Ú‹Ó· Î·È ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ - ÓÂÔÎÏ·ÛÈÎÒÓ -∆Ô‡ÚÎÈÎˆÓ Î·È ÏÔÈÒÓ ÎÙÈÚ›ˆÓ Ù· ÔÔ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤· Î·È ÚÔÛٷهÔÓÙ·È. ™ÙȘ 7 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1571 Ì.Ã., Ï›Á· Ì›ÏÈ· ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ¤Ï·‚ ¯ÒÚ· Ó·˘Ì·¯›· ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ πÂÚ‹˜ ™˘ÌÌ·¯›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎÒÓ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂˆÓ Ù˘ ‰˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∂˘ÚÒ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfiÏÔ˘, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· “¡·˘Ì·¯›· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘”. ∏ Ó›ÎË ÙˆÓ ÃÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÒÓ ÛÙ·Ì¿ÙËÛ ÙËÓ ÂÈıÂÙÈ΋ ÔÚÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ πÛÏ·ÌÈÛÌÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË. ™Â ·Ó¿ÌÓËÛË Ù˘ ÓÈÎËÊfiÚ·˜ Ó·˘Ì·¯›·˜ οı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì οı ÂÈÛËÌfiÙËÙ· Ë ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ¤ÙÂÈÔ˜ Ì ·Ó··Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ Ó·˘Ì·¯›·˜ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÏÈÌ·ÓÈÔ‡.
√‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi Ô‰È΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ∏ fiÏË Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Â›Ù ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓËÛÔ Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ Á¤Ê˘Ú·˜ ƒ›Ô˘ - ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ›Ù ·fi ÙË µÔȈٛ· Î·È ÙË ºˆÎ›‰· ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚·˜ - ¢ÂÏÊÒÓ - πÙ¤·˜ - ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËÎÂ Ô ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·Îfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÏÂfiÓ ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋ Ë ‰È¤Ï¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ·˘ÙÔÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙËÓ fiÏË. ∞fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ‰‡Ô ‚·ÛÈÎÔ› ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, Ô ¤Ó·˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È Ô ¿ÏÏÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο. √ ÚÒÙÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο, Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - £¤ÚÌÔ˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ §Â‡Î·, ∫¿Ùˆ ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·, ∫¿Ùˆ ∞ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ Î·È µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ·Ú·Î¿Ì„ÂȘ. √ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ› Ì ÎfiÌ‚Ô Î·È Ì ÙÔ ÂÚÈÌÂÙÚÈÎfi Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ÛÙË °¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·. ™ÙÔ 12Ô ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô‰ËÁ› ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη, ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È ¶fiÚÔ˜. ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜
ª›· ·fi ÙȘ ‡Ï˜ ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘
∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏÈÌ·ÓÈÔ‡
71
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·72
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Â›Ù ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰· ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. √ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈfi •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Î·È §˘ÁÈ¿ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ¢È·ÛÙ·˘ÚÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡, ÛÙ· 5 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È 12 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢¿ÊÓË Î·È ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. √ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ §fiË Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙˆÓ ¢‹ÌˆÓ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ·fi ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ™Ù‡ÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ∞fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Â›Ù ·fi ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘˜ ÎfiÌ‚Ô˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂȷ΋ Ô‰fi ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡ Î·È ™Î¿Ï·, ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ∞fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ·˘Ù¿ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ (·fi µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡) Î·È ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘ÏÏ‹Ó˘ (·fi ™Î¿Ï·).
∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô˘ ∆Ô •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ù˘ Û˘ÓÔÈΛ·˜ §˘ÁÈ¿˜ (K¿Ùˆ §˘ÁÈ¿˜) Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¤Ï·‚ ·fi ÍËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô (ÍËÚfi + ËÁ¿‰È) Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ ÙÔ˘ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ B·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜ Ù· Ù¤ÏË ÙÔ˘ 17Ô˘ ·È. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1837 Ì ÙË ÌÂٷΛÓËÛË Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ
∏ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ
72
∏ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ºˆÎ›‰·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·73
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¢¤Ó‰ÚÔ Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ (fiÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ °ÔÚÁÔÂËÎfiÔ˘). ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ZˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˘ ¶ËÁ‹˜ (Ù¤ÏË 19Ô˘ ·È.) Û ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ Ì ̷Á¢ÙÈ΋ ı¤·, Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ AÓ‰Ú¤· (ıÂÌ. 1970, ÂÁηÈÓ. 1986), Ù· “¢›‰˘Ì· ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·” ·ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ Î·È ÔÈ “K·Ì·ÚԇϘ” (·„›‰Â˜) ̤ۈ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÊÂÚfiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË TÚ‡ÈÔ §Èı¿ÚÈ, fiÔ˘ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ë ¢¤ÛË, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ M‡ÏÔ M·ÎÚ‹, Ï›Á· ̤ÙÚ· ÓfiÙÈ· Ù˘ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛ˘ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂȷ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ì ÙËÓ EıÓÈ΋ O‰fi IÙ¤·˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢¿ÊÓ˘ B∞ ·fi ÙÔ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¢¿ÊÓË (ηÙ. 210) Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 180 Ì. TÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ¢¿ÊÓË ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û ÁÚ·Ù‹ ËÁ‹ ÙÔ 1830 Î·È ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÁÓˆÛÙfi Ê˘Ùfi ¢¿ÊÓË, ·Ú¿ ÛÙÔ ¢¿ÊÓÔ (MfiÚÓÔ). K·È Ë ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ¶·ÏÈÔ‰¿ÊÓË ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËÎÂ Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ë ¢¿ÊÓË (ÕÓˆ ¢¿ÊÓË) ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ BÔϛ̷¯Ô. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÚÔ ÔÏ›ÁˆÓ ÂÙÒÓ (1998) ÂÎ ‚¿ıÚˆÓ Û ¤Ó· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ Ì ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚È· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ΢·Ú›ÛÛÈ·, ÂÏȤ˜ Î·È ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. O Ó·fi˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â Û ̷ÎÚfi ‚¿ıÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ Ó· Êı¿ÓÂÈ Î·È ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ H›ÚÔ˘. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜. ¶·Ï·ÈÔ› ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ›ӷÈ: ∆Ô BÔϛ̷¯Ô ‹ BÔÏÈÌ¿ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ.
•ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô ·fi ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜
K·Ù·ÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ 1485, ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ ÙÔ 1821. TÔ 1830 ·ÔÙÂÏ› ϤÔÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ ÁË ÁÈ·Ù› ‹Ù·Ó ÙÈÌ¿ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ‡ÚÎÔ˘ K·˙·˙¿ÎË. TÔ ™ÂÚ¤ÏÈ (™ÂÚÏ› ‹ T˙ÂÚÎÏ›) ÛÙ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÂÚ› ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ AÁηıfiϷη. TÔ 1830 ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÂıÓÈ΋ ÁË ˆ˜ ÙÈÌ¿ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ IÌÚ·‹Ì EʤÓÙË Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙ‹ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ¶ÚÔ‰fiÌÔ˘ Ù˘ BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜. H ¶·ÏÈfi‰·ÊÓË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÕÓˆ ¢¿ÊÓ˘, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜. ¢‡Ô Ì ÙÚ›· ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ¶·ÏÈfi‰·ÊÓ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë K¿Ùˆ ¶·ÏÈfi‰·ÊÓË (E¿Óˆ XˆÚÈfi). AηÙÔ›ÎËÙÔ˜ ۯ‰fiÓ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë TÚ‡Ô˘ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 320 Ì., ÂÓÒ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ÂÓÂÚÁfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë K¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¡∞ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ¢¿ÊÓ˘ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 60 Ì. Ì ۯÔÏÂ›Ô Î·È Ó·fi Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÚÔÛÊ¿Ùˆ˜ › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ. ™Â ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ¢¿ÊÓ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ·Ú¯·›· ›¯ÓË (K¿Ùˆ ¶·ÏÈfi‰·ÊÓË, KÔ˘ÎÔ‡ÁÂÚÔ˜, AÛÊ·ÎfiÚ·¯Ë, ™Ì·Ú¿Á‰ˆ, ÕÓÔÈÁÌ·, ™ÙÚÔÁÁ˘Ï‹ Î·È ¶Ï·ÁÈ¿). EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ °ÈÔ˘ÛÔ‡Ê ∞Á¿ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. °Ú·ÊÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô KÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ˜ Ì ٷ Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, ÙȘ χΘ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ·Î›Ô˘ BfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ¢¿ÊÓË Û ‚Ú·¯Ò‰Â˜ ηÈ
ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ÛÙË ¢¿ÊÓË
73
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·74
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‰‡Û‚·ÙÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊÒÓ º·Ó¿ÚÈ·, BÚÈ˙¿ÏˆÓ· Î·È KÔ˘ÙÛÔ̇ÙË, ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÔÈ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ηٷϋÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ. XˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ·fi ÙÔ X›̷ÚÚÔ TÈÚÓfiÚÂÌ· (BÂÏ‚ÈÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜). TÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. T· ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· fiÛÙڷη, ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È·, ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ·Ú¯·›· ηÙÔ›ÎËÛË ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ MÈÎÚfi ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È NA ·fi ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ ÛÙË MÂÁ¿ÏË P¿¯Ë Û ÌÈ· ·ÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚ‹ ı¤ÛË Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 500 Ì. ÕÏÏÔ˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ X¿ÓÈ §fiË. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· (1936 - 37) Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙË NfiÙÈ· N·˘·ÎÙ›· Ì ÙË BfiÚÂÈ·, › ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ BÂÏ‚ÈÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜ ‹ TÈÚÓfiÚÂÌ·, Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ (1917) ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ, Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1860) ÛÙÔ MÈÎÚfi ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ, Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ (2004) › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, fiÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛÙ› Î·È ·Ú¯·›· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·, Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1990) ÛÙÔ X¿ÓÈ §fiË Î·È Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· (1910) ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· Ì ÙË ¢¿ÊÓË.
74
¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™Î¿Ï·˜ ¢˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ¢¿ÊÓ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ™Î¿Ï· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û ·fiÙÔÌË Ï·ÁÈ¿. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË, fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ºÙ¤ÚË, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ TÚ¿ÓÙÔ (∆ÚÈ¿‰·) Ô˘ ηٷ-
ÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ 1485 Î·È ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ™Î¿Ï· (ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ¶·ÏÈfiÛηϷ) fiÔ˘ ›¯·Ó ÙȘ ·ÁÚÔÈ˘ ÙÔ˘˜. MÂÙ·ӷÛÙ·ÙÈο Ì ÙË ‰È¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÈÂÚÒÓ MÔÓÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ ºÈÏÔı¤Ô˘ NÂÔοÛÙÚÔ˘ ÔÈ (¶·ÏÈfi) ™Î·ÏÈÒÙ˜ η٤‚ËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ TÚ¿ÓÙÔ, fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Ù· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚȷο ÌÂÙfi¯È·, ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÙÔ ÔÓfiÌ·Û·Ó ™Î¿Ï· ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ¶·ÏÈfiÛηϷ. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ AÛÎÏËÈ›Ô, Â›Ó·È Ë K¿Ùˆ ¶·ÏÈfiÛηϷ (K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈfi). ™ÙË ı¤ÛË M¿ÚÌ·Ú· ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘ (ÔÈÎÈÛÙÈο Î·È Ù·ÊÈο ηٿÏÔÈ·) Ù· ÔÔ›· Èı·ÓfiÓ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ §ÔÎÚÈÎfi BÔ˘ÙÙfi. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË §ÔÁÁ¿, ÛÙËÓ ¿ÁÚÈ· Ï·Áη‰È¿ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ ¶·ÏÈfiÛηϷ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ AÛÎÏËÈ›Ԣ “ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ KÚÔ˘ÓÔ›˜ ÙÔ˘ BÔ˘ÙÙÔ‡”, fiÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢ı›. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÛÙ· fi‰È· Ù˘ P¿¯Ë˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ™Î·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙˆÓ ÏfiÊˆÓ M·ÚÔ‡‰·, Õ˚ ™ˆÙ‹Ú·, TÛ·ÚÔ˘¯·›Èη Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ Â›ÓÂÈÔ ÙÔ˘ BÔ˘ÙÙÔ‡. ™Ù· ÚÈ˙¿ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Â‰Ò Î·È ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÎÚ›ÎÔÈ Û·Ó ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘
¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ˆÚ¿ÎÈ
™Î¿Ï· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·75
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚfiÛ‰ÂÛË ÏÔ›ˆÓ, Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë ·˘Ù‹. B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿ ÌÓËÌ›· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ “¶·ÏÈÔÌÔÓ¿ÛÙËÚÔ” Î·È ÙÔ “¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ” Î·È ÌÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿ Ù· MÂÙfi¯È· (¶¤Ú·, ¢ÒıÂ, ÎÙÏ). EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ (1881), Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· ÛÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙÔ “§fiÊÔ ÙÔÓ AÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚfi” Î·È ÙÔ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ (ıÂÌÂÏ. M¿ÈÔ˜ 1977) Ì ÙÔ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ÎÙÈÚÈ·Îfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ· Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ›ȷ Ó·Ô‡ Ô˘ ·Ó¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÌÂÙ·›¯ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 11Ô˘ Î·È 12 Ô˘ ·È. OÈ ™Î·ÏÈÒÙ˜ ÙËÚÔ‡Ó ÌÂ Â˘Ï¿‚ÂÈ· ÙÔ ¤ıÈÌÔ Î¿ı §·ÌÚÔ‰Â˘Ù¤Ú· (¢Â˘Ù¤Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¶¿Û¯·) Ó· ¯ÔÚÂ‡Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ È‰ÈfiÌÔÚÊÔ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ¯ÔÚfi ÙÔ “°·˚Ù·Ó¿ÎÈ”, ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ· ¤ıÈÌ· ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙȘ Ú›˙˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ÃÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi fiÏÔ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Û ‰‡Ô ¿ÏÏËÏÔ˘˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ¯ÔÚÂ˘Ù¤˜ ·›ÚÓÔ˘Ó ı¤ÛË Ì ÛÂÈÚ¿ ËÏÈΛ·˜. ¶·Ú·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Âı›ÌÔ˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Î·È Û ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ Ì ÈÔ ÎÔÓÙÈÓ¤˜ ÙËÓ ∞Ó¿ÏË„Ë £¤ÚÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¡ÂÔοÛÙÚÔ˘ BfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ™Î¿Ï· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ NÂfiηÛÙÚÔ, NÈfiηÛÙÚÔ fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ·ÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ. ºˆÏÈ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ˘„ËϤ˜ ÎÔÚʤ˜ ·Ú¿ ÙÔ ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜
·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÓËÌ›· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÔ¯ÒÓ. ŸÛÙڷη Î·È ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È· ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ B¿ı˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹. YÔÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· οÛÙÚÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ‹ ¶·ÏÈÔηÛÙÚ›, Ô˘ Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ· ÙˆÓ ¢˘ÙÈÎÒÓ §ÔÎÚÒÓ. TÔ ¶·ÏÈÔοÛÙÂÏÔ, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ·fiÏËÍË Ù˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁÈ¿˜ “TÛÔοÓ˜” Î·È Ù· ¢È¯·ÏÔڤ̷ٷ (NÈÔηÛÙÚ›ÙÈÎÔ Î·È M·ÌÔ˘Ï·ÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ), Â›Ó·È ÙÔ NÂfiηÛÙÚÔ, Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û ‚ÂÓÂÙÈο ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê· ÙÔ˘ 1499. TÔ Â›¯·Ó Ô¯˘ÚÒÛÂÈ ÔÈ BÂÓÂÙÔ› Î·È Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ·. Afi ÙÔ NÂfiηÛÙÚÔ ·˘Ùfi, Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ, ¤Ï·‚ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘. ™Ù· N¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ‡„ˆÌ· §Â‡Î· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ ºÈÏÔı¤Ô˘. TÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1695, ·ÏÏ¿ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ 1833 ÂÚÂÈÒıËÎÂ. O ˘¿Ú¯ˆÓ Ó·fi˜ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ٤ÏË 19Ô˘ Ì ·Ú¯¤˜ 20Ô˘ ·È. Î·È Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ÌÔÓfi¯ˆÚË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÙÂÙÚ¿ÚȯÙË ÎÂÚ·ÌÔÛΤ·ÛÙË ÛÙ¤ÁË. ∆· ΢ÎÏÈο ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ı‡ÚˆÓ Î·È ÔÈ ÎÚË›‰Â˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Û΢·Ṳ̂ӷ ·fi ˆÚfiÏÈıÔ. Afi ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ηıÔÏÈÎfi ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Ë AÁ›· TÚ¿Â˙·, Ë ÎfiÁ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ IÂÚÔ‡ B‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¯ÓÈο ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Î·È ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ‰¿Â‰Ô Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi. ∆¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÌÔ˘ÚȤ˜ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚Ș Î·È ÌÈ· Á¤ÚÈÎË Ï‡η, ηıÔÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ. TÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÛÙ· fi‰È· ÙÔ˘ NÂfiηÛÙÚÔ˘, ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰ÒÛÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ-
•ˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·76
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ·ÙËÙ‹ ÔÏϤ˜ Û˘ÁÎÈÓ‹ÛÂȘ. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶·ÏÈ¿ÌÂÏ·. ™ÙËÓ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ AÓ·Ï‹„ˆ˜ Ô ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ¡ÂÔηÛÙÚÈÙÒÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ËÁ‹ ÃԯϷÛÙ‹ ÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙˆÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiʈÓ, ·ÓËÁ˘ÚÈ΋ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Ì ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ı¤Ì· ÙË “°ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙˆÓ µÏ¿¯ˆÓ” Î·È ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô ÙËÓ ·Ú·Û΢‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÌÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰¤ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ “ÎÔÛÌ¿Ú”. ¶·Ú·Û΢¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ›Ù˜, „ˆÌ› Î·È ÁÈ·Ô‡ÚÙÈ.
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∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ ™ÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ڤ̷ÙÔ˜ ™Î· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡. ◊Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË PÔ‡Á· (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ) ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·. Afi ÙÔ Í¿ÁÓ·ÓÙÔ Ë ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·ÏËÎÙÈ΋. H ÂÙ˘ÌÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ Ϥ͢ ÏfiÁˆ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÏ˘Ù˘›·˜ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ‹˜. ¶ÚÔÙ·ı›Û˜ ÂΉԯ¤˜: Â›Ó·È ·ÚÂÊı·Ṳ́ÓÔ˜ Ù‡Ô˜ Ù˘ Ϥ͢ B·Ì‚·ÎÔ‡ (ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ‚·Ì‚·ÎÈÔ‡) ·ÏÏ¿ Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ‰ÂÓ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÂÙ·È. E›Û˘ Ô ‚fiÌ‚Ô˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ Ì‡ıÔ Ì˘ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ, ÙÔ ‚ÔÌ‚‡ÎÈÔÓ (ÎÔ˘ÎÔ‡ÏÈ), Ô ‚fiÌ‚˘Î·˜ (ÌÂÙ·ÍÔÛÎÒÏËη˜) ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. H ϤÍË, fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È, Â›Ó·È ·Ó‰ÚˆÓ˘ÌÈ΋ Î·È Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÂÈ ÙË Á˘Ó·›Î· ÙÔ˘ BÔÌÔ˘Î¿ (‹ BÔÌÔ˘ÎÔ‡) ‹ ÙËÓ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÌÂÓË Ì ٷ ‚ÔÌÔ‡ÎÈ· (‚ÔÌ‚‡ÎÈ·). ÿÛˆ˜ Î·È ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔ˘ÌÔ˘ÎÔ‡ (ÌÔ˘ÌÔ‡ÎÈ = ¿ÓıÔ˜).
™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Õ˚ §È·˜ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ P¤Ì· ¶˘ÚÁÔ˘Ï¿ÎË ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È 7 ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ·Ú¯·›ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ. ¢ÂÍÈ¿ ÛÙË Ú¿¯Ë ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ™Ù·ÙÛÈfiÓ·, ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈÎfi Ô¯˘Úfi (·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ) Ù˘ ηÙÔ¯‹˜. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ KÚÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÏË. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Û ÌÈ· Ï¿Îη ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ ¤ÙÚ˜, ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Ṳ̂Ó˜ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ Â‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›Ô Ï·ÙÔÌ›Ô. E›Û˘ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË M¿ÚÌ·Ú· N¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÌÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÂ›Ô MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË, ÙÔ˘ TÈÌ›Ô˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Ì 5ÌÂÏ‹ ·‰ÂÏÊfiÙËÙ·. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ OÚÈÁ¿ÓÔ˘ Û ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ Î·È „ËÏfi ‚Ú¿¯Ô ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜. AÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·fi οو ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¯·Ú¿‰Ú· ·’ fiÔ˘ ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ Ô ™Î·˜. ∫Ù›ÛıËΠÈı·ÓfiÓ ÙÔÓ 11Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Î·È fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ô Ó·fi˜ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠ“ÂÎ ‚·Ú¿ıÚˆÓ ÙÔ 1695”. TÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi Â›Ó·È Ó·fi˜ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹˜ ÙÂÙÚ·ÎÈfiÓÈÔ˜ Ì ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ. ™ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔȯÔÁڷʛ˜. ∏ ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ηıÔÏÈÎÔ‡, ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ Ù¤¯Ó˘ ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ 17Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·. ∆Ô Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·fi ÎÂÏÈ¿, Ô˘ Ì ÙË ‰È¿Ù·Í‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Î·ÓÔÓÈÎfi ÙÂÙÚ¿Ï¢ÚÔ. ™˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È Ë XÚ˘ÛÔÛËÏÈ¿. ∆ËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ηıÒ˜ ϤÂÈ Ô Ì‡ıÔ˜, ÔÈ ˘fi‰Ô˘-
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡
∆Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÈÌ›Ô˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·77
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÏÔÈ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ Ô˘ ‰È¤ıÂÙ·Ó ¯Ú‹Ì·Ù· Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ¯Ú˘Û¿ ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·, η٤Ê¢Á·Ó Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÛËÏȤ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ‰È¤ÌÂÓ·Ó. °È· ÙÔ‡ÙÔ Î·È Ô ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛÙËΠÃÚ˘ÛÔÛËÏÈ¿. ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ›ӷÈ: Ë §Â‡Î· BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙ· N¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 340 Ì., Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ B·Û›ÏÂÈÔ˜ (™Î·ÓÙ·ÏfiϷη) Î·È Ù· M¿ÚÌ·Ú·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿˜ H K¿Ùˆ AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 200 Ì., ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ Î·È Â›Ó·È ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿˜. √Ê›ÏÂÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ Ê˘Ùfi ·ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ ‹ ÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ (·ÎÙ¤· - ·ÎÙ‹ Ë Ì¤Ï·ÈÓ·). Œ¯ÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ Û˘ÓÔÈ˘: M¿Ì·ÏË, ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ, ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ AÓ‰Ú¤· Î·È §˘ÁÈ¿, ‰˘ÙÈο ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËÎÂ Î·È Ù¤Ù·ÚÙË Û˘ÓÔÈΛ· Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· £Ú¿ÌË Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È ÙȘ ‰‡Ô fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ B·ÚÈ¿˜. ¶·Ï·ÈÔ› Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÕÓˆ Î·È ÙÔ K¿Ùˆ TÛ¿ÛÈ Ô˘ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ¢Ú›· ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ BÔÙÛ·˝ÙÈη B¢ Ù˘ K¿Ùˆ AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙÔ KÔ˘ÛÎÔ˘ÎÔ‡ÏÈ. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ TÛ¿ÛÈ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯‹Ì· ÙÚÈÁÒÓÔ˘ ÛÙË ÌÈ· ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÏfiÊÔ˜ ¶·ÏÈfiÁÔ˘ÏË Î·È Ë ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ B·ÚÈ¿˜. ™ÙË Ì¤ÛË ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô N·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ TÚÈ¿‰Ô˜. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ. BfiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÕÓˆ (¶¿Óˆ) AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 840 Ì., 22 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, › ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi PÈÁ¿ÓÈ. OÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ‰˘ÛÌÂÓÒÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÔÌfiÓˆÛ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ B·ÚÈ¿˜. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ
Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ·ÙÚÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. OÓÔÌ·ÛÙ‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ºÚ·ÁÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË Î·È Û ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, ÂÓÒ Ù· Û›ÙÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ۯ‰fiÓ ÂÚËÌÒÛÂÈ. TÔ ·ÏÈfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Û ·ı¤·ÙË ÏÂ˘Ú¿. ¢È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Ë ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓË ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜. ¶·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÚÔηÏ› ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ¤Ó·˜ ÂÏÒÚÈÔ˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˜ Ô˘ ϤÁÂÙ·È ™Ù·˘Úfi˜. ™ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ B·ÚÈ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÁÂʇÚÈ, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1890, Ì ‰‡Ô ÌÂÛfi‚·ıÚ· Î·È ·ÎÚfi‚·ıÚ· Ï›ıÈÓ· Î·È Î·Ù¿ÛÙڈ̷ ÙÒÚ· ·fi ÔÏÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û΢Úfi‰ÂÌ·, ·Ú¯Èο ͇ÏÈÓÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·˜ H K¿Ùˆ M·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¡∞ ·fi ÙËÓ K¿Ùˆ AÊÚÔ͢ÏÈ¿, ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ, ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙˆÓ ÏfiÊˆÓ ¶Ô‡ÏÈ·ÓË Î·È ¢È·Û¤ÏÈ Î·È Â›Ó·È ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ M·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·˜. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Ó· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ M·ÌԇϷ˜ M·ÌÔ‡ÏÈ·˜ - M·ÌÔ‡Ï˘ (‚. Î·È ÙÔ ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ M·Ì¿ÎÔ˜). H N¤· M·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ M·ÌÔ˘Ï·‰ÈÒÙ˜ Ù˘ (ÕÓˆ) M·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·˜ Ô˘ ͯ›̷˙·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ °ÎÈÓ¿ÓÈ. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜, ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¶ÔχηÚÔ, ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1900 Î·È ·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ¿ıËΠ·fi ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÙÔ 1970. ™ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ Ù˘ ¶Ô‡ÏÈ·Ó˘ ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËΠ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·Ó·-
ÕÓˆ ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ûηʤ˜. H ÕÓˆ (‹ ¶¿Óˆ) M·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ BÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 850 Ì. ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÓÈÁ̤ÓË ÛÙËÓ ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Î·È Ù· ÔÏÏ¿ ÓÂÚ¿. T· “KÔ˘Ú›ÙÈ·” ÛÙ· „ËÏÒÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ OÚ›Á·ÓÔ˘, Ë AÛÚfi‚Ú˘ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ë ÎÚ˘fi‚Ú˘ÛË “MËÏÈÔ‡ÏÈ” ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ÔÏÏÔ› “¿ÌϘ”. ™ÙË Ì¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÔÈ ¢Ò‰Âη AfiÛÙÔÏÔÈ (1913), ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ (1472 Ì.) Ô ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ HÏ›·˜ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ Ë ı¤· Â›Ó·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ·Í¤ڷÛÙË. TÔ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ٷ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ó· “Í·Ó·˙›” ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ¶·ÏÈÔ› Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÙÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ¶Ô˘Ú› Î·È ÔÈ M‡ÏÔÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· µÂÏ‚›Ó·˜ ¢˘ÙÈο Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ B·ÚÈ¿˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ ‰˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘ ÙÔ˘, PÔ˘·ÎÈÒÙË (M·ÚÁÈ·ÌÏ‹ ƒ¤Ì·) Ô˘ ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙȘ Ú¿¯Â˜ KÚ‚¿ÙÈ· Î·È PÔ˘·ÎÈ¿ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ë BÂÏ‚›Ó·, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. EȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ NA ·ÔÏ‹ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜, ¶·Ï·ÙÚ¿¯Ë (642 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ BÂÏ‚ÈÓÈÒÙË (¶Ï·Ù·ÓfiÚÂÌ·) Î·È PÔ˘·ÎÈÒÙË. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ·ÏÒÓÂÙ·È ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÏÂηÓÔ¤‰ÈÔ, ÂÓÒ Ù· Û›ÙÈ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ ÁËÏfiÊˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·fi ‰·ÛÒ‰Ë ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ¯·ÌËÏ‹˜ Î·È ÌÂÛ·›·˜ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘. H ÚԤϢÛË Ù˘ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ·‰È¢ÎÚ›ÓËÛÙË. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· Â›Ó·È ÚˆÙÔÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi Î·È ··ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡. BÂÚ‚›ÓÈ· ϤÁÔÓÙ·Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹ ÔÈ Í‡ÏÈÓ˜ ÎÚÂÌ¿ÛÙÚ˜ Ô˘ ÎÚÂÌÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· Ì˘ÚÔ‰fi¯· Î·È ÂÏ·ÈÔ‰fi¯· ·ÁÁ›·. H ϤÍË ‚ÂÚ‚›ÓÈ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÍÂÏȯı› Û ‚ÂÏ‚›ÓÈ· ηٿ ÙÔ ·‰ÂÚÊfi˜ - ·‰ÂÏÊfi˜, ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· - ÁÏ‹ÁÔÚ· Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ·ÓÔÌÔ›ˆÛ˘ Ì ÙÚÔ‹. ŸÌˆ˜ Ë 78
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Û¯¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ϤÍÂˆÓ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·ÈË. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË EÏÏËÓÈÎfi (502 Ì.), ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘, ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ù˘ ¶·Ï·ÙÚ¿¯Ë˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜. BÚ¤ıËΠӷfi˜ (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 400 .X.) Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Ôı› ÛÙÔÓ ¶ÔÛÂȉÒÓ· ·ÏÏ¿ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·ÈÔ, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ë ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ Â‰Ò Â›Ó·È Ë AÎÚfiÔÏË ÙÔ˘ MÔÏ˘ÎÚ›Ԣ. ∫·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜, fiˆ˜ Ù¿ÊÔÈ ÎÙÏ. E›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ÂÚ›ȷ Ó·ÒÓ Ù˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜. O Õ˚ §È·˜ Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ̠ηÙÂÚÁ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘˜ ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˘˜. TÔ ·ÏÈÔÌÔÓ¿ÛÙËÚÔ ÙÔ˘ TÈÌ›Ô˘ ™Ù·˘ÚÔ‡, fiÔ˘ ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ë ‚¿ÛË ÂÏ·ÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˘. TÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡. H ‡·ÚÍË ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ ·ÎfiÌ· ·ÁÈˆÓ˘Ì›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋ ηÙÔ›ÎËÛ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· Î·È ·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ·ÏÈfi˜. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ˘ ˘¿Ú-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘. ¶·Ï·Èfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ K·„Ô¯ÒÚÈ B¢ Ù˘ BÂÏ‚›Ó·˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›ÈÎˆÓ ∆· ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙË BÂÏ‚›Ó·, › ÙÔ˘ ·گȷÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ, ÛÙË ¡¢ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÙ‹ Ô˘ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¶ÂÙÛ›Ó˘ (¶ÈÙÛ›Ó˘). E›Ó·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÓÈÁ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙ· ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡. ¶ÚÔ 20 ÂÙÒÓ ÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Iˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›ÈÎˆÓ ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ K·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 430 Ì. TÔ K·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó BÚÒÌÈ·ÚË (BÚÔÌÈ¿ÚÈÓ) ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1940 Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ·Ï·Èfi ˙¢ÁÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ Ô˘ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ ºÈÏÔı¤Ô˘, Ô˘ ηٷÚÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1833. BfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Û ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜, Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ Î·È Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 630 Ì. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ηÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ, BÚÔÌÈ¿ÚÈÓ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Â› ‚ÂÓÂÙÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛ ӷ Â›Ó·È Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È Û ıÏÈ‚ÂÚ‹ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. ¢ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÙ·È Ó· ‹Ù·Ó Â‰Ò Î·È ·Ú¯·›Ô ·ÈÙˆ-
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη
ÏÈÎfi Ê˘Ï¿ÎÈÔ, ·ÊÔ‡ Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ Û˘Ó¯›ÛıËÎÂ Î·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜. H ϤÍË ‚ÚÔÌÈ¿ÚÈÓ Èı·ÓfiÓ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ ‚ÚfiÌÔ˜ (‚ڤ̈ - ‚ÚÔ̤ˆ) Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÎÚfiÙÔ˜, ıfiÚ˘‚Ô˜, ÎÏ·ÁÁ‹ fiÏˆÓ (ÛÙÚ·Ùfi‰Ô). K¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi Ô¯˘Úfi ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ °ÂÊ˘ÚfiÏÔÁÁÔ˜ Ô˘ ÈÛ¯˘ÚÔÔÈ› ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË fiÙÈ ÂΛ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË §ÈÙÛ¤ÎÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ È·Ì·ÙÈ΋ ËÁ‹ ·ÓÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÙË. ÕÏÏÔ˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ™˘ÎÈ¿ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ·Ì·ÍÈÙÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - M·ÎÚÈÓÔ‡ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 360 Ì. TÔ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ‹Ù·Ó XÔÓ‰ÚÔΈÛÙ¤Èη ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ÔÈÎÈÛÙ‹ KÒÛÙ· XÔÓ‰ÚÔÎÒÛÙ· (Á. 1795). H ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, fiÔ˘ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ıËΠ·Ú¯Èο Ô XÔÓ‰ÚÔÎÒÛÙ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “¶·ÏÈfi¯·ÓÔ”, fiÔ˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ̤¯ÚÈ
∆Ô Î¿ÛÙÚÔ µÚÔÌÈ¿ÚÈÓ Î·È Ë ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 1900 ¯¿ÓÈ Î·È ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ƒÈÁ·Ó›Ô˘ ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ, ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·Ù·ÌÂÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ (OÚ›Á·ÓÔÓ), ·fi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ µ∞ Ï·ÁÈ¿. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1927 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó BÚfiÛÙÈ·ÓË (BÚÒÛÙÈ·ÓË) Î·È ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·fiÏ˘Ù· ÍÂηı·ÚÈṲ̂ÓË Ë ÂÙ˘ÌÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘. ™Â ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛı› ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜, fiˆ˜ ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢È¿ÛÂÏÔ, ÛÙËÓ KÔηÏÈ¿Ú·, ÛÙ· §ÂÈ‚¿‰È·, ÛÙÔ MÔ˘Ê, ÛÙ· KÔÓ›ÛÌ·Ù·, ÛÙËÓ EÎÎÏËÛԇϷ Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡. ¶›Ûˆ ·fi ÙËÓ EÎÎÏËÛ›· ‚Ú¤ıËΠÂÈه̂ȷ ÛÙ‹ÏË, Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ “·˘¯¤Ó· ÚÔÓ›ÓÔ˘”. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ OÚÈÁ¿ÓÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ·ÓıÚˆfiÌÔÚÊ· ÂȉÒÏÈ· Ù˘ ÓÂÔÏÈıÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ƒÈÁ·Ó›Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘-
ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi Î·È ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ, Î·È ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ˜. ÕÍÈ· ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ KÔ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË (1892, AÏÂͤÔÈ), ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ¶ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ, ÔÈ ‚Ú‡Û˜, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ·, fiÔ˘ ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ë ÔÈΛ· ∆·Ì¿ÎË Î·È Ë fiÏË ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfiÛÙ·ÏÔ˜, Û ÌÈ· Ì·Á¢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›·, Â›Ó·È Ô Õ˚ §È·˜ (1989) Î·È „ËÏ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆Ûԇη (842 Ì.), Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ √Ú›Á·ÓÔ˘, Ô Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘, ‚ÈÁÏ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ›ӷÈ: ∆Ô ¢È¿ÛÂÏÔ µ¢ ÙÔ˘ √Ú›Á·ÓÔ˘ ÛÙË BA Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ TÛԇη˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 600 Ì. Ì ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·. O ¶fiÚÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÛÙ· B¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ PÈÁ¿ÓÈ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 200 Ì. ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ·fi ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ TÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È ÛÙ· “™ÙÂÓ¿” fiÔ˘ ÛÙÂÓ‡ÂÈ Ôχ Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËΠÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 1936 Ì 1938. ¶ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ Â›Ó·È Ù· ηٿÏÔÈ· ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ˘ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÈÔ‡. Afi Â‰Ò ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ë ÔÙ·ÌÔηٿ‚·ÛË Ì ϷÛÙÈΤ˜ ‚¿ÚΘ (rafting) ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË °¤Ê˘Ú· (X¿ÓÈ) M·ÓÈ¿. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿ÓÙÚ·˜ B¢ Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi ÛÙȘ BA ˘ÒÚÂȘ Ù˘ KÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë BÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·, ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÙÔԉȷÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. H ÚԤϢÛË Ù˘ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ê·ÓÂÚ‹: BÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·, Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‚Ï·¯ÔÔÈ̤ӈÓ, ÔÈÌÓÈÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ, ÛÙ·ÓÔÙfiÈ, Ì·ÓÙÚÈ¿ ‚Ï¿¯ˆÓ. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ B¢ ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ù·Ó ·fi ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜. O ¤Ó·˜ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó K·ÚÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ ‹ K·Ú‚Ô˘ÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ù˘ BÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÓÂÚÔΛÓËÙÔÈ Ì‡ÏÔÈ. O “¶·ÏÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜” ÛÙË Û˘Ì-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ XԯϷÛÙ‹˜ Î·È Pԉȿ˜ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Ù˘ AÌ·Ú·Ô‡˜ ÙÔ P¤Ì·, Ù˘ “EÎÎÏËÛÈ¿˜ Ô M‡ÏÔ˜” ÛÙÔ Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ AÌ·Ú·Ô‡˜. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ X¿ÓÈ M·ÓÈ¿ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË µÔ˚‰ÔÊ¿ÂÓ· Â›Ó·È Ô Ì‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· XÚ. MËÙÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ Î·È Ô Ì‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ £·Ó¿ÛË K. ¶ÂÙÛ›ÓË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Z·¯¤Èη. ™ÙÔ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ X¿ÓÈ M·ÓÈ¿ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· M·ÓÈ¿, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·ÚÔ¯ı›ˆ˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹, ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜, fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ E˘‹ÓÔ˘. H °¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿, Ù‡Ô˘ ª¤Ï¸, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1948, Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· Ì ÙËÓ TÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È Â›Ó·È ‚·ÛÈ΋ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ◊‰Ë Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Û˘Ó¯Ҙ Î·È Û ÙÔ‡ÙÔ ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÔÙ·ÌÔηٿ‚·Û˘ Î·È ÔÙ·ÌÔÔÚ›·˜. ÕÏÏÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ™ÊËη›Èη, N¢ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi °¤Ê˘Ú· M·ÓÈ¿ Î·È B¢ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ BÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ù˘ BÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·˜ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ·ÁÁ›· Î·È Ï‡¯ÓÔÈ, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÂÈ-
ه̂Ș ÛًϘ Ì ÙȘ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ “¶ÚÔÌ¿ıˆ Ùfi‰Â Û¿Ì· ÊÈÏÔͤӈ ·Ó‰Úfi˜” Î·È “¢ÔÏ›¯· Ï›ıÔ˜ ÂÌ ºÈÏÔ‰‹ÏÔ”. ™ÙÔÓ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘ BÔ˚‰ÔÊ¿ÂÓ· Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È 9 ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ÌÔÓfiÙÔÍ· ÁÂʇÚÈ· › ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ N·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - £¤ÚÌÔ, Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËÎ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ TÚÈÎÔ˘È΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô 1889 - 1890. TÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ·ÍÈÔı¤·ÙÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜. E›Û˘ Ù· ˘ÎÓ¿ ‰¿ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÈÏ›· Ù˘ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó›‰·˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Á·Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ËÚÂÌ›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ¿ÙÚ˜.
ªÔÓfiÙÔÍÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - £¤ÚÌÔ
∂ÎÎÏËÛ›· ÛÙË µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú·
∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· - √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ ÂÚÈ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ ·fi Î·È ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ fiÏË Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰‡Ô ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó, ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Î·È ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜. √È ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÔÈ ‰‡Ô Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡˜,
¶ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÿÓÈ ª·ÓÈ¿
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™ÂÏ›‰·82
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Î·È ÁÈ ·˘Ùfi ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜: ñ ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ƒ¤Ì·ÙÔ˜ ™Î¿ (™Î·, Â›Ó·È ·Ú·ÊıÔÚ¿ Ù˘ Ϥ͢ ™Î¿Ï·). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·Ú¯·›Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ, ÂÓ Ì¤ÚÂÈ ¯ÙÈÛÙfi, Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙ· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ Ù˘ ÛÙÂÓ‹˜ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰·˜, Ì ÙËÓ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ¿Óˆ (‚fiÚÂÈ·) ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ô‰fi Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ∫ÈÓ¤ÙÙ· Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ڤ̷ÙÔ˜. ∞Ú¯Èο ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÎÈ ¤ÂÈÙ· ·ÓËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ „ËÏfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË, ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Í·Ó·Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ·, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜. §›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›·, ÂÚ›Ô˘ 15-20 ÏÂÙ¿, Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒÓÙ·È ‰‡Ô ·Ï·ÈÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. ∂›Ó·È ÔÈ Ì‡ÏÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ™Î¿Ï·. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂÁηٷÏÂÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi µ·ÛÈÏ·›Èη. ∂Ó Û˘Ó¯›· ÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¡Èη›Èη. ™ÙËÓ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ, ÛÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË fi¯ıË (‰˘ÙÈ΋), ·ÓÙÈÎÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á. πˆ¿ÓÓË ¶Úfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘. §›ÁÔ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ڤ̷ٷ. ∆Ô ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ڤ̷ Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ª·ÌÔ˘Ï¿‰·˜. ∆Ô ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi, Â›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ηÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¡ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ù·È ¤Ó· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ: Ì›· ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›· ·fi ‰¤Î· ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¿ÏÏËÏÔ˘˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜, Û˘Ó¯fiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ô ¤Ó·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ. √ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ Û ‡„Ô˜ Ù· 25Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘. ™ÙÔ Î¿Ùˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ οı ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË, Û¯ËÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ Ï›ÌÓ˜. ∆Ô Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi, ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi Î·È Û˘Ó¿Ì· ·ÚfiÛÌÂÓÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛΤÙË ÙÔ˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡. ™ÙÔ Â¿Óˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÚÚ·ÎÙÒÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï¿ÙˆÌ· Ì ÂÚ›ȷ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎÔ‡ ÂÓÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, ̤۷ Û ‚Ú·¯ÒÓ˜. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ڤ̷, ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ 82
Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ‰È·ÚΛ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 5 - 6 ÒÚ˜ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ 1 - 2 ÒÚ˜ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÁÈ· fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰Â ‰È·ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Î·Ï‹ Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. •ÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 50 Ì Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙ· 800 Ì. Œ¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ Û‹Ì·ÓÛË ·fi ÙÔÓ √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ‰‡Ó·Ù·È Ó· Û˘Ó‰˘¿ÛÂÈ ÂÈϤÔÓ ÔÏÏ¿ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ·. ◊‰Ë Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ηı·Ú›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ñ ¶fiÚÔ˜ - ÿÓÈ ª·ÓÈ¿ ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Î·È Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ∞fi ÙË ı¤ÛË °¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ·Ú¯Èο Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ËÁ·›ÓÂÈ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘‹ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·, Ì·›ÓÂÈ Û ʷڿÁÁÈ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞Ó¿ÏË„Ë. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Û ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ¯ÙÈÛÙfi Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıȤ˜ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË, ÂÓÒ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È „ËÏfiÙÂÚ·. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÂfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÙÛÈÌÂÓÙ¤ÓÈÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ, Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ Ì ÙÔ £¤ÚÌÔ, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·ÓÔÈÎÙfi Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÚÔÛÔ¯‹. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Â›Ó·È ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈ΋. ∞ȈÓfi‚Ș ·ÚȤ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë Î˘Ú›·Ú¯Ë ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜, Ì·˙› Ì ٷ Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Ù˘ fi¯ı˘, ÂÓÒ ÓÂÚÔÎfiÙÛ˘Ê˜ ηÈ
ºıÈÓÔˆÚÈÓfi ÙÔ›Ô
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·83
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‚›‰Ú˜ Â›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ›‰Ë ·Ó›‰·˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∂›Û˘, ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ù·È Î·È ¤Ó· ÂÓ‰ËÌÈÎfi ˘Ô›‰Ô˜ ¤ÛÙÚÔÊ·˜. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·˘ÙÒÓ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ Â˙ÔÔÚ›·˜ ÚÔ˜ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. Á›ÓÂÙ·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô‰ËÏ¿ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙË µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿Ó‰Ú· Î·È ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÂÎÙÚÔÊÂ›Ô ıËÚ·Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË µ·Ù¿ÎÈ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘.
À‰¿ÙÈÓ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ™ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÂÙ·ÈÚ›˜ Ì ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤Ó˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÂÙ·ÈÚÂÈÒÓ Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ηٿ‚·Û˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ rafting & canoe-kayak Ì ·Ú¯‹ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¶fiÚÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ ÛÙÔ µ·ÏÙÛfiÚÂÌ·. ∞fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› ÔÏϤ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ·ıÏËÙÈÎÔ› ·ÁÒÓ˜ slalom kayak.
¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ¢‡Ô ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙ· 4x4 ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘: ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™Î¿Ï· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ.
∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ
83
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·84
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘
™ÙÂÓfi ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘
∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ∏ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ Î·È ÁÂÓÈο fiÏË Ë ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ Î·È Â‰ÈÓ‹ ˙ÒÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË Ì¤¯ÚÈ Ù· fiÚÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÛÙÔ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› ·fi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎÂÏ·ÚÈÔ‡. ∞ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ Î·È ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ, Ù· ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη, Ë ™Î¿Ï· Î·È Ë µÔÌ‚ÔÎÔ‡ ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘.
84
∏ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÿÓÈ ª·ÓÈ¿
∫·Ù¿‚·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Ì canoe-kayak
π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Â›Ó·È Ë µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿ÓÙÚ· Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ª·ÓÈ¿ fiÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ì ·ÊÔÚÌ‹ ÙȘ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ rafting & canoe-kayak fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› Ù¤ÙÔȘ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:09
™ÂÏ›‰·85
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈΤ˜ °ÈÔÚÙ¤˜ H °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙˆÓ µÏ¿¯ˆÓ - ¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ ∫¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ, ·fi ÙÔ 1994, Ô ÂÎÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ “¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ” ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ “°π√ƒ∆∏ ∆ø¡ µ§∞Ãø¡” ·Ó‹ÌÂÚ· Ù˘ ∞Ó·Ï‹„ˆ˜. ∂›Ó·È ¤Ó· ¤ıÈÌÔ ÙˆÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiʈÓ. ∂ΛÓË ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ÊÈÏÈΤ˜ Û˘ÓÚÔÊȤ˜ ÛÙȘ ÛÙ¿Ó˜ fiÔ˘ ¤ÊÙÈ·¯Ó·Ó Ù· ‚Ú·ÛÙ¿, „ËÙ¿, ÎÔ˘ÛÌ¿Ú Î·È ÁÈ·Ô‡ÚÙÈ Î·È ‰È·ÛΤ‰·˙·Ó ηıÒ˜ Ë Ë̤ڷ ·˘Ù‹ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓË ÛÙËÓ ∞Ó¿ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ∫˘Ú›Ô˘ πËÛÔ‡ ÃÚÈÛÙÔ‡ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÚÔÛÙ¿Ù˘ ÙˆÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiʈÓ. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· Û˘Ó‹ıÈ˙·Ó Ó· ‰ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ Á¿Ï· ÛÙÔÓ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ÈÂÚ¤· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ∆Ô ¤ıÈÌÔ ·˘Ùfi ·Ó·‚ÈÒÓÂÈ Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ 1994 Ô ÂÎÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ “¡ÂfiηÛÙÚÔ”. ŸÏÔÈ Ì·˙› Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ¶Ï·Ù›· Ù˘ ÃԯϷÛÙ‹˜ ÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¤Ú·Ó ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊˆÓ fiϘ ÔÈ ÓÔÈÎÔ΢ڤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÂÔοÛÙÚÔ˘ ·Ú·Û΢¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ›Ù˜, „ˆÌ›, ÁÈ·Ô‡ÚÙÈ. √È ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÔÈ ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÎÚ¤·˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ‚Ú·ÛÙ¿ Î·È Ù· „ËÙ¿. √È ÂÈÛΤÙ˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Û΢‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¿Ú¯·ÈÔ˘ ‰¤ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔ˘ÛÌ¿Ú.
¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈο ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈο ‰ÚÒÌÂÓ· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰ÈÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î¿ı ‰‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÔÚˆ‰È·ÎÔ‡ ÊÂÛÙÈ‚¿Ï Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ “ª›Î˘ £ÂÔ‰ˆÚ¿Î˘”. ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÊÂÛÙÈ‚¿Ï Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÔÓÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ÚÔÛ‹ÎÔ˘Û·˜ ÙÈÌ‹˜ ÛÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÌÔ˘ÛÈÎÔÛ˘Óı¤ÙË, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Â›ÙÈÌÔ˜ ÔÏ›Ù˘ Î·È Ë ‰È¿‰ÔÛË Ù˘ ¯ÔÚˆ‰È·Î‹˜ ÌÔ˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ ÎÔÈÓfi.
™‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞π∆ø§π∞ ∞.∂.
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ANTIRRIO MUNICIPALITY Its main feature is the cape of Antirrio that along with Rio that lies across the sea, they separate the Corinthian Gulf on the east from the Patras Gulf on the west. On the west lies Mt Klokova (1,037m), also called Paliovouna. The ancient name of Klokova is Tafiassos. Most important sites Antirrio The Medieval castle, built by the Turk Sultan Vayazit II as well as the bridge of Rio Antirrio, named after the great politician “Charilaos Trikoupis” who had first envisaged the project. Molikrio The traces of Ancient Molikrio and the Dorian temple of the 4th century, dedicated to God Poseidon, at Elliniko location. Makinia The traces of ancient Makineia at the northeastern of the settlement Mamako of Makinia, where the theater of the town still survives. Alternative tourism Hiking and climbing On Klokova Mt from the village Riza towards the chapel of Agia Kiriaki ending up to the village Ano Kalavrouza. Biking - 4x4 Mountain bike routes and 4x4 car go through dirt roads towards the Municipality of Nafpaktos. CHALKIA MUNICIPALITY Mt Varasova (917m.) raises over the Municipality and is washed by Patras Gulf. The Municipality of Chalkia is of great environmental interest and includes the Evinos River delta with the rare bird species and the water vegetation, the stone mass of Varasova with its wild avifauna and the ecosystem with the rare species of plants near the settlement of Vasiliki. Most important sites Varasova The mountain mass of Varasova has been declared a place of historic interest and particular natural beauty. Varasova has been characterized as a Holy Mountain or Saint Mountain of Aetolia because during the Byzantine period of 9th to 12th century it used to be a center of monasticism or ascetism. Gavrolimni The church of the Holy Mother’s Dormition is known by the name Panagia Panaxiotissa. Kato Vasiliki The ruins of the ancient city Chalkis and of a huge paleochristian Basilica of the 5th or 6th century at the coastal hill of Agia Triada, eastwards to the village. The imposing walls of the so-called Castle of Pagali at the southeastern side of Varasova. Ano Vasiliki The ruins of the old monastery Agios Dimitrios and the cave of Agioi Pateres (Holy Fathers). Alternative Tourism Climbing Climbing routes are ideal both on Mt Varasova and Mt Klokova. Ascent At the slopes and the steep rocks of Varasova, near the sea settlement of Krioneri, ascending routes have been graved and marked. Biking - 4x4 routes From the village Trikorfo towards the river Evinos and on to the village Vlachomandra. Ecotourism Varasova with intensive ecological interest both on the flora’s and fauna’s aspect. Bird observation at the delta of river Evinos.
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MUNICIPALITY OF NAFPAKTOS The Municipality of Nafpaktos is considered to be mountainous and extends from River Evinos to the northwest till Mornos to the southeast. Mt Rigani is the highest mountain among the Nafpaktia Mountains and dominates the Municipality. Its highest peak is Agios Ilias (1,469 meters). Historic details Nafpaktos The archaeological excavations have shown that human life in Nafpaktos starts around 3000 BC. It was connected to the ancient tradition of the Dorians’ descent and its name means the place where ships dock; a shipyard. Due to its strategic position at the mouth of the Corinthian Gulf that used to be narrow, it was the apple of discords during ancient times and an object of trading between sovereigns up to 338 BC when the king of Macedonia, Phillip II ceded it to his allies, the Aetolians who had an eye on it for ages. The hallmark of the city is the castle, with the two branches and the four fortification walls that divide it into five rows. The city of Nafpaktos was characterized a historic place and a site of particular beauty as well as a traditional settlement. 185 monuments and buildings in total have been registered as scheduled and are protected. On October 7, 1571 AC, a few miles westwards to Nafpaktos a sea battle took place between the Holy Alliance of the Christian forces of the Western Europe and the Turkish fleet, which is known as the “Sea Battle of Nafpaktos”. The victory of the Christians stopped the aggressive impetus of Islam towards Europe. In the memory of the glorious battle, this historic anniversary is celebrated every year with all festivities and a live representation of the battle at the port area.
Alternative tourism Hiking - Climbing Apart from the small strolls around the castle from and towards the city of Nafpaktos, the prettier hiking routes are: Ska Creek Path and Poros - Chani - Bania. Mountain bike Bike routes start from Vlachomandra and the Bania Bridge towards the Evinos riverbanks. 4x4 routes Two basic routes with 4x4 cars are found within the municipality of Nafpaktos. One can cross Mt Rigani from the village Vomvokou towards the village Rigani and the village Scala towards the village Neokastro. Water routes At Evinos river, starting from Bania Bridge many businesses organize plenty descent routes, river rafting and canoe-kayak primarily setting off the bridge of Poros and the bridge of Artotiva higher northwards.
South Nafpaktia
Most important sites Dafni The Tower of Yousuf Aga. Skala The remains of an ancient town that probably belong to the Locrian Vouttos and the remains of Asclepiad, the Byzantine monuments “Paliomonastiro” and “Paliokklisi” and the Monastery of the Transfiguration of Christ. Vomvokou The woman monastery of Agios Ioannis, the Holy Forerunner (Prodromos). Pitsineika The Byzantine castle, Vromiarin. Rigani The settlement of Rigani is of particular architectural and planning interest. Vlachomandra The settlement Chani Bania (Bania’s Inn) near Bania’s bridge, at the south bank of Evinos. The Bania Bridge, Belley type (1948) connects Nafpaktia to Trichonida and cosntitutes the basic infrastructure work of the area.
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KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ Î·È ¶fiÚÈ·Ú˘ Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: MËÏÈ¿˜, EÏ¢ı¤ÚÈ·Ó˘, ¶ÔΛÛÙ·˜, ™›ÌÔ˘, ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜ Î·È ™Ùڿӈ̷˜. ™ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ K·Ú‰·Ú¿˜ (1.195 Ì.) ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘, M·Ï·ıÔ‡Ó· (1.417 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ™›ÌÔ˘, ¶ÔΛÛÙ· Î·È ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË, T۷ηϿÎÈ (1.710 Ì.) Î·È M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜ (1.560 Ì.). TÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì·, ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜, fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: º·Ì›Ï·˜, ™Ù‡ÏÈ·˜, ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˘, AÓıÔʇÙÔ˘ Î·È °¿‚ÚÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ K·ÛÙÚÔ˘Ì¿˜ (966 Ì.) Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ HÏ›·˜ (1.034 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ™Ù‡ÏÈ· Î·È ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜, BÏ·ÛÈÓÈ¿˜ (1.464 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ Î·È ÙÔ ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ, M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜ (1.430 Ì.). TÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ·fi ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ TÚ·ÓfiÚÂÌ· (°Ú·ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ˜ ‹ °ÚÈ¿˜ P¤Ì·) Î·È ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ TÈÚÓfiÚÂÌ· (BÂÏ‚ÈÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜) Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∏ ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ¶˘Ï‹ÓË Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù¤ÛÙÂÚË ÂΉԯ‹ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ¿ÓÔÈÁÌ· Ù˘ ∫ÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·˜, fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ºÚ·ÁÎÔ˘Ï·›Èη. ÿÛˆ˜ Ë ÛÙÂÓ‹ “‡ÏË” ÙÔ˘ Ê·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡ ¤‰ˆÛ ÛÙËÓ fiÏË ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¶˘Ï‹ÓË (‡ÏË). °ÂÓÓÈ¤Ù·È fï˜ ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Ò˜ ÌÈ· ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË Ô˘ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔÓ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ, ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Ù˘ Û' ¤Ó·Ó ÔÚÂÈÓfi ¢‹ÌÔ ÙˆÓ ∫Ú·‚¿ÚˆÓ Ù˘ ‚fiÚÂÈ·˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜; ◊‰Ë Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜, Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Û ·fi ÙÔÓ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ µÂÏ‚ÈÙÛ¿ÓÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §fiË Î·È ¤Êı·Ó ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·, ›¯Â ÔÓÔÌ·Ûı› ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘, ·fi ¤Ó· ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËΠÛÙÔ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ˘ Î·È ¤ÊÂÚ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ. ∆Ô Â‡ÚËÌ· ·˘Ùfi Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙÔ Ï·Óı·Ṳ̂ÓÔ Û˘Ì¤Ú·ÛÌ· fiÙÈ Ë ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ, Ô˘ ηٿ ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯·›Ô °ÂˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ ™ÙÚ¿‚ˆÓ· ‹Ù·Ó Ë ‰È¿‰Ô¯Ô˜ fiÏË Ù˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘, ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·, ÛÙÔ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ Î·È Ë ¶˘Ï‹ÓË ¤Ú ӷ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ¡·˘·ÎÙÈ·Îfi ¤‰·ÊÔ˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ıˆڋıËΠfiÙÈ ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘, ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ Ù·˘ÙÈÛı› Ì ÙËÓ ¶˘Ï‹ÓË. ŸÌˆ˜ ÙÔ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ ‰ÂÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ∆Ô “∫¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË” ÛÙȘ ¡¢ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù¤ÛÙÂÚË ÂΉԯ‹. ŸÏ· ·˘Ù¿ ‚‚·›ˆ˜, ‹Ù·Ó ÁÓˆÛÙ¿ ÛÙ· 1989, fiÙ·Ó ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ô Ó¤Ô˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜
ۯ‰fiÓ ÛÙ· ›‰È· ‰¿ÊË ÙÔ˘ ·ÏÈÔ‡ Î·È ¯ÚÂÈ·˙fiÙ·Ó ÌÈ· ÔÓÔÌ·Û›·. ∏ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ˘ÂÚ›Û¯˘Û Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ ·ÎÚÈ‚ÔÏÔÁ›·˜, ÌÈ· Î·È ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ·, ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ¢‹ÌˆÓ (1912), ›¯Â ‰ڷȈı› ÛÙȘ ηډȤ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ȉڇıËΠÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË ÙÔ˘ 1868 Î·È ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· 1869. ¶ÚԤ΢„ ·fi ÙË ‰È·›ÚÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ¢‹ÌˆÓ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ Î·È ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹ıËΠ·' Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ™›ÌÔ˘ (¤‰Ú·), ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿, ∫ÔÏÔÛ‡ÚÙ˘ (ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ªËÏÈ¿), ¶ÔΛÛÙ·, ™Ùڿӈ̷, ™Ù‡ÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË, §ÂÙÔηڢ¿ Î·È µÂÏ‚›ÙÛ·ÈÓ· (ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi˜ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜) Ì ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ∆Ô 1912 ηٷÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ¢‹ÌÔÈ Û fiÏË ÙË ¯ÒÚ· Î·È Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜. ∆Ô 1989 Â·Ó·Û˘ÛÙ‹ÓÂÙ·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Ì ÙËÓ ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤ÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ™›ÌÔ˘, ¶ÔΛÛÙ·˜, ªËÏÈ¿˜, ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜, ™Ùڿӈ̷˜ Î·È º·Ì›Ï·˜. ∆Ô 1998 ÂÓۈ̷ÙÒÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ °¿‚ÚÔ˜, ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ, ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜, ™Ù‡ÏÈ· Î·È ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË. √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Î·È ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘.
√ ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ º·Ì‹Ï·˜
91
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·92
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §fiË, fiÔ˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∆ÈÚÓfiÚÂÌ· Ì ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ, ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘. √ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. ªÂÙ¿ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ· Î·È ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘, ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ Î·È ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔÓ Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘. ¶ÚÈÓ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó 2 ‰È·ÛÙ·˘ÚÒÛÂȘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο, Ë ÚÒÙË Ôχ ÎÔÓÙ¿ (2 ¯ÏÌ.) ÛÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §fiË Î·È Ë ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË 8 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿, Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ Î·È °¿‚ÚÔ˜ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶·ÏÈfi˘ÚÁÔ˜, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∞ÓÂÌ¿ÎÈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó 2 ‰È·ÛÙ·˘ÚÒÛÂȘ. ∏ ÚÒÙË, ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο, Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙˆÓ ÙÔÈÎÒÓ ¢È·ÌÂÚÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ™Ù‡ÏÈ·˜ Î·È º·Ì›Ï·˜. ∏ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË, ÚÔ˜ Ù· µ∞, ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÃfiÌÔÚË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. §›ÁÔ ÚÈÓ ÙË ™›ÌÔ˘, ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ º·Ì›Ï· Î·È ™Ùڿӈ̷. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ·, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¢È·ÎfiÈ, 1,5 ¯ÏÌ. ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÌÈ· ΢ÎÏÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹. ™Â 1,5 ¯ÏÌ. ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË ¢È·ÎfiÈ, ¿ÏÏË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ Ù· ∆ÔÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ¶ÔΛÛÙ·˜ Î·È ªËÏÈ¿˜. ªÈ· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Ô‰È΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ÙÔÓ Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ· ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - µÏ·¯ÔÌ¿92
ÓÙÚ·˜, ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶ÈÙÛÈÓ·›Èη, ƒÈÁ¿ÓÈ Î·È ¶fiÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÔ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ º·Ì›Ï·˜ Î·È Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫·ÚηÓÈ¿˜, ∫ÏÂÊٿψÓÔ Î·È ¶Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿˜. ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶fiÚÔ˜ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶·Ï·ÈÔ‡ÚÁÔ˘ O ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜ (ÚÒËÓ BÂÏ‚›ÙÛ·ÈÓ·) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ BÏ·ÛÈÓÈ¿˜, fiÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÕÁÈÔ˜ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜. ∏ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· BÂÏ‚›ÙÛ·ÈÓ· (‹ BÈÏ‚›ÙÛÈÓ·) ›ӷÈ, fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È, ·Ó‰ÚˆÓ˘ÌÈ΋ (Ë Á˘Ó·›Î· ÙÔ˘ BÂÏ‚›ÙÛË). ∏ ›‰Ú˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. TÔ 1927 ÌÂÓÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÏÈfi ¶‡ÚÁÔ (KÔ‡ÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ K·Ó·‚Ô‡ Ë K·Ó·‚fi˘ÚÁÔ˜) Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÚÔÙÈ΋ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· M·Ú·ıÈ¿˜ (ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ, ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ). T· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ˆ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô (1996). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÚÈÒÚÔÊÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Û΢·Ṳ̂ÓÔ Ì ·ÚÁÔÏÈıÔ‰ÔÌ‹ Î·È ÈÛ¯˘Úfi Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎfi ÎÔÓ›·Ì·, Ì ÂÌÊ·Ó‹ ›¯ÓË ·fi ÙȘ ͢ÏÔ‰ÂÛȤ˜. ∏ ‰˘ÙÈ΋ Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿
¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·93
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ‡„Ô˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 9 ̤ÙÚˆÓ, ÂÓÒ Ë ÓfiÙÈ· Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÂÚÂȈ̤Ó˜. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘˜ ·ÓÔ›ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÂÈÚ¤˜ ·fi ÔÏÂÌ›ÛÙÚ˜ Î·È ÊˆÙÈÛÙÈΤ˜ Û¯ÈṲ̂˜. ™ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÙÔȯ·ÚÌ¿ÚÈ· Î·È Ù˙¿ÎÈ. ™ÂÈÚ¿ ÂÚÂÈ›ˆÓ ÛÙ· ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ‚ÔËıËÙÈÎÒÓ ÎÙÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ¶·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ·, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË KÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ ‹ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. °È· ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó Ó¤Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ BÏ·ÛÈÓÈ¿, ÛÙË ÏÂοÓË fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·, Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙڈ̤ÓÔ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·. TÔ 1825 Î·È 1827 ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ‰È·ÛÎÔÚ›ÛÙËηÓ. MÂÙ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈο οÔÈÔÈ Â¤ÛÙÚ„·Ó ·ÏÏ¿ Ô Î·ı¤Ó·˜ ¤ÎÙÈÛ ۛÙÈ ÛÙÔ ÎÙ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘. ŒÙÛÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi 8 Ì·¯·Ï¿‰Â˜ (Û˘ÓÔÈ˘) Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ 17 Ó·Ô‡˜. ∏ ·Ï·È¿ ∞Á›· ∆ÚÈ¿‰· ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ - ªÂÙfi¯È Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. ¶¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ›ÛÔ‰Ô ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ì ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›Â˜: 18371963. ∏ ÚÒÙË ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· 1825 ‹ 1827 Î·È Ë ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÂÎ ‚¿ıÚˆÓ ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛË. √ Ó·fi˜ ÏfiÁˆ ηı›˙ËÛ˘ ÛÙ· 1915 ›¯Â ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÊı›. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÎÔÈÌËÙËÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi. ∞fi ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ‰È·ÛÒıËΠ·ÚÁ˘Ú¤ÓÈ· ηӉ‹Ï· Ì ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· 1751. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Û ÂÓÓÈ¿ ı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË
√ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ
M¿ÚÌ·Ú·. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔÓ ¶·ÏÈfi˘ÚÁÔ 4 ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ Ô˘ ÎËÚ‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤· ÌÓËÌ›· (1994) Î·È 4 ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ· Ô˘ ÎÈ ·˘ÙÔ› ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›ÛıËÎ·Ó ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤ÔÈ (1996). Y‹Ú¯·Ó, ·ÎfiÌ· 4 ̇ÏÔÈ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÛËÌ›· Î·È ·ÓÂÌfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ·˘¯¤Ó· AÓÂÌ¿Î˘ (AÓÂÌ¿ÎÈ). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÎÙÈÚ›ˆÓ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ¯Ú‹Û˘, ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜. ø˜ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ÂÓfi˜ ¢ڇÙÂÚÔ˘ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Ì ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˘˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú›· Ù˘ ‚ÈÔÙ¯ÓÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ· (˘„fiÌ. 820 Ì.) Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ı¤ÛË ∞ÓÂÌ¿ÎÈ Î·È ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙË N·‡·ÎÙÔ 24 ¯ÏÌ. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Â‰Ò Ë ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓË ËÁ‹ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÓıÔʇÙÔ˘ TÔ AÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ BÏ·ÛÈÓÈ¿˜ Û ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi Î·È ÂÙÚ҉˜ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜. ™ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ë §ÂÙÔηڢ¿ (˘„fiÌ. 1.060 Ì.). ™ÙÔ ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈÎfi ηٿÛÙÈ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ 1454/55 ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ˆ˜ Granica (°Ú·Ó›ÙÛ·). °Ú·Ó›ÙÛ· (ÚÔ˘¿ÎÈ) ÛÙ· ÂÏÏËÓÈο ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ‚ÂÏ·Óȉȿ Ë Ì·ÏˆÙ‹. ™Â ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, fiˆ˜ ÛÙÔ M·Ú·ıÈ¿ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ MfiÚÓÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ K·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿, ÛÙÔ X¿ÓÈ ¶ÏÔ‡ÌË, ÛÙËÓ K·Ù·‚fiıÚ·, fiÔ˘ Ô Ó·˝ÛÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ Ù˘ K·Ù·‚fiıÚ·˜, ÛÙÔ K·ÛÙÂÏ¿ÎÈ, ›¯ÓË ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ÊÚÔ˘Ú›Ô˘, ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ §È· §ÂÙÔηڢ¿˜ Ù¿ÊÔÈ, fiˆ˜ ÛÙÔÓ “TÔ‡ÚÎÔ”, ÛÙÔÓ “ŒÏÏËÓ·” ÎÙÏ. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÙÔ 1829 Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1844. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ÏÈÙ‹ ÌÔÓfiÎÏÈÙË 93
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋. TÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ (·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ MfiÚÓÔ˘), °ÚÈ¿˜ P¤Ì· (°Ú·ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ˜ ‹ TÚ·ÓfiÚÂÌ·) Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÂÎÏËÎÙÈÎfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ì ÌÈÎÚÔηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜ Î·È Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿‰Â˜. TÔ 1883 Ì 1884 ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËΠÏÈıfiÛÙÚˆÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· › ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Ë ÔÔ›· ÙÔÓ OÎÙÒ‚ÚË ÙÔ˘ 1905 “˘¤ÛÙË ÙÂÏ›·Ó ÂÎ ÂÙÚÒÓ Î·È ¤Ï˘Ô˜ ÚfiÛ¯ˆÛÈÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÍÔ˘”. EÔ̤ӈ˜ ÙÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1906 Ì 1907. Afi ÙÔ 1935 ÛÙÔ AÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ë §ÂÙÔηڢ¿, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËΠÙÔ 1965 ÏfiÁˆ ηÙÔÏ›ÛıËÛ˘. TÔ 1991 ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· °ÂÓ¤ÛÈÔÓ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Î·È Î¿ÔÈÔÈ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ·Ó Ó· ÎÙ›˙Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚÔηÙÔÈ˘. µfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙÔÓ ·˘¯¤Ó· ÙÔ˘ ª·ÎÚ˘fiÚÔ˘˜ Û ¤Ó· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ‰·ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Ì ¤Ï·Ù· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 1.300 Ì., ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ K˘Úȷ΋˜ (1819), ÔÏÈÔ‡¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘. ∂‰Ò ›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó οÔȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ. ∂Í·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ Ë ı¤· Ô˘ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi. ¶ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ· ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË ∞ÓÂÌ¿ÎÈ. ¢‡Ô ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· ·fi ÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ ̤۷ Û ¤Ó· ÙÔ›Ô ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ËÁ‹ Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ¯¿ÓÈ Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜. H ··‰È¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÔÏÏ¿ ıÚ˘Ï› Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿ Ì ÚÒÙË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ T۷ηϿÎÈ.
94
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∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· °¿‚ÚÔ˘ √ °¿‚ÚÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ ÎÏÈه˜ ÙÔ˘ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˘˜ Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¢¤ÏÁ·. TÔ Ó¤Ô fiÓÔÌ· °¿‚ÚÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÙˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ. TÔ Î˘ÂÏÏÔÊfiÚÔ ·˘Ùfi Ê˘Ùfi ÂÓ‰ËÌ› ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·) ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡. TÔ 1905 ·fi ÙËÓ •ËÚfiÚ·¯Ë ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÏfiÁˆ ηıÈ˙‹ÛÂˆÓ ÍÂÂÙ¿¯ıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ, fiÛÙڷη Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ·Ú¯·›· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ·, οÔÈÔÈ Ù·‡ÙÈÛ·Ó ÙË ı¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô AÈÁ›ÙÈÔÓ. ™ÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ª·Óًψ, ∫ÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi˜, ÷ϿӉڷ, ∞ÁÚ¿ÌÂÏË Î·È ªÔ˘ÚÛÈ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰¤Î· ËÁ¤˜ Ì ¿ÊıÔÓÔ Î·È Á¿ÚÁ·ÚÔ ÓÂÚfi. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó 6 ̇ÏÔÈ. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1853. E›Ó·È ‚‚·ÈˆÌ¤ÓÔ fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829. ¶·Ï·Èfi˜ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜, ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ë XÈÏÈ·‰Ô‡ Ì ¤ÓÙ 5 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. XÈÏÈ·‰Ô‡ Â›Ó·È ÏÈ‚¿‰È ηٿÏÏËÏÔ ÁÈ· ‚fiÛÎËÛË, fiÔ˘ “¯ÈÏÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó” Ù· ÁȉÔÚfi‚·Ù·. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ KÔ˘ÙÛÔÁÈ·ÓÓ·›Èη ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ °¿‚ÚÔ˘. ¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ KÔ˘ÙÛÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË ·fi ÙËÓ K·Ú˘¿ E˘·Ï›Ô˘. E‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Î·È ÙÚ›· ¯¿ÓÈ·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·Ó˘ H EÏ¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‚¿ıÔ˜ ¯Ô¿Ó˘ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ fiÔ˘
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÙË ‰È¿Ï˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘(1833) ÂÔÓfiÌ·ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Iˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˘, ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ¶Ô˘ÚÓ·ÚfiÛÙ·ÏÔ˜ Ì ÙË ‰ÚÔÛÂÚ‹ ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙË ‚Ú‡ÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ fiÌÔÚÊ· ‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓÔ ¯ÒÚÔ. H EÏ¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË Ì ٷ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛË Ù˘ Î·È ÙÔÓ Î·ÛÙ·ÓfiÏÔÁÁÔ, ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù· Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ·, ÙË ÊÔÚو̤ÓË ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ¢Ú·Îfi‚Ú˘ÛË, ÙÔÓ ·ÏÈfi ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ Î·È ÙȘ ¿ÏϘ fiÌÔÚʘ ‚Ú‡Û˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÁÔËÙ¢ÙÈÎfi ηٷڿÛÈÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ·Ô˙ËÌÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛΤÙË. ¶·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÂÈ Ôχ ÎfiÛÌÔ Î·È ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ÍÂÓÈÙÂ̤ÓÔ˘˜ §Â˘ÙÂÚÈ¿ÓÔ˘˜ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ 26 πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘. √ ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ªfiÚÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘
Âͤ¯Ô˘Ó Ë M·Ï·ıÔ‡Ó·, ÙÔ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ Î·È ÙÔ T۷ηϿÎÈ. K·Ï‡ÙÂÙ·È ·fi ˘ÎÓ¿ ‰¿ÛË, fiÔ˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÙÔ Î·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÔ Â‡ÎÔ, Ù· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Ù· Τ‰Ú·, ÔÈ Î·ÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Ù· ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰Ú· Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë. H ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· §ÂÊÙ¤ÚÁÈ·ÓË, Ô˘ ··ÓÙ¿Ù·È ÙÔ 1454 ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË Û‡˙¢ÍË ‰‡Ô ÔÓÔÌ¿ÙˆÓ §Â˘Ù¤Ú˘ + °È¿ÓÓ˘, Û˘ÓËıÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙË ÚÔ˘ÌÂÏÈÒÙÈÎË ‰È¿ÏÂÎÙÔ. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ¿ÏÏË ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‰ÂÓ ¿ÙËÛ ÔÙ¤ ÙÔ‡ÚÎÈÎÔ fi‰È ÛÙËÓ ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË ÂÍ’ Ô˘ Î·È Ë ÔÓÔÌ·Û›·. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË M¿ÚÌ·Ú· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË A̤ÏÈ· Û ÂÈه̂ȷ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ¤ÙÚ· ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹: KÏÂfiÔÏÈ ¯·›ÚÂ. E›Û˘ Î·È Û’ ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ (1950) Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔÓ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ Ô˘ ʤÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1880. ™ÙÔÓ ¶¤Ú· M·¯·Ï¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ Y··ÓÙ‹˜ Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ ÎÔÈÌËÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ 1829 ¤ÁÈÓÂ Û˘Ó¿ıÚÔÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤ˆÓ. ™ÙÔ˘ B·Ú¤ÓÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ MÂÙfi¯È ÙÔ˘ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ K·‚·‰ÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÌÂÙ¿
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™Ù‡ÏÈ·˜ H ™Ù‡ÏÈ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi ÛÙÔ ‚¿ıÔ˜ ¯Ô¿Ó˘, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ڢ¿ÎÈ· Î·È ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ·. ¶¿Óˆ ·’ ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‰·ÛˆÌ¤ÓÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi PÔ˘¿ÎÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰ÚÔ PÔ˘¿ÎÈ. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÚÂȘ Û˘ÓÔÈ˘ (Ì·¯·Ï¿‰Â˜). H ™Ù‡ÏÈ· ‹Ù·Ó ˙¢ÁÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ™ÈÛÌ·Ó·›ˆÓ (ÚÔ‡¯ÔÓÙ˜ Ù˘ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚·˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜) Î·È ˘‹Ú¯Â ‰È·Ì¿¯Ë ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÏ›ÁˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ È‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ. TÂÏÈο Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÂÍÔ̷χÓıËΠ(1829). Afi ÙȘ ÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ ™Ù‡ÏÈ·˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÔÏ·Ú¯ËÁfi˜ ÙˆÓ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ, ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi˜ °È¿ÓÓ˘ N. M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÙÔ 1835 ¿ÓÙÚ„ ÙËÓ ÎfiÚË ÙÔ˘ AÈηÙÂÚ›ÓË Ì ÙÔÓ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ·ÓÙ›‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ N›ÎÔ ™ÈÛÌ¿ÓË. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ˆÚ›ˆÓ Î·È fiÛÙڷη, ÏfiÁ¯Â˜, ÎfiηϷ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË KÔοÏÈ· ÛÙ· PÔ˘¿ÎÈ·. ∆· ƒÔ˘¿ÎÈ· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÚÊfiÙÂÚË Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∂›Ó·È ·˘¯¤Ó·˜ ÛÙ· 820 Ì. ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ Ô˘ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ ‰Ú˘fi‰·ÛÔ˜ Ì ÙȘ ·ÈˆÓfi‚Ș Ï·Ù‡Ê˘Ï95
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·96
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¶ÚÔ˜ ™Ù‡ÏÈ· ÙÔ ‰Ú˘fi‰·ÛÔ˜ ƒÔ˘¿ÎÈ·
Ϙ ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜. ÃÒÚÔ˜ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋˜ ·Í›·˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚ÈÔÔÈÎÈÏ›· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ȉ·ÓÈÎfi ̤ÚÔ˜ ÁÈ· ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË Ù˘ ʇÛ˘, ÁÈ· ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. ™ÙÔ ˘ÎÓfi ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯·Ï·ÚÒÛÂÈ Î·È Ó· ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Î·È ÙËÓ ËÚÂÌ›· Ù˘ ʇÛ˘. ™ÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ¯¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ ªÚ›ÓÈ Ô˘ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ ηÊÂÓ›Ô. ™ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ÂÍÔ¯ÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ. ™ÙÔ ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜ ƒÔ˘¿ÎÈ·, ÙËÓ 1Ë ∫˘Úȷ΋ ÙÔ˘ πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ¶˘ÏËÓ›ˆÓ ¶ÔÈÌÂÓÈÎfi˜ µ›Ô˜ Ô˘ ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·‚›ˆÛË Ù˘ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋˜ ÔÈÌÂÓÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ (1864, ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛ˘) ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ™Ù‡ÏÈ·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·, (˘„ÔÌ. 500 Ì.) ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·.
96
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∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™›ÌÔ˘ H ™›ÌÔ˘, ·Ó¤Î·ıÂÓ ÎÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, Â›Ó·È ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓË ÛÙȘ N¢ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ K·Ï¿ÎÈ. ∏ ›‰Ú˘Û‹ Ù˘ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ Î·È Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ô ™›ÌÔ˜, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ Èı·ÓfiÓ, Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ ÊÂÔ˘‰¿Ú¯Ë˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. TÔ Â›ÛËÌÔ fiÓÔÌ· Â›Ó·È Ô ™›ÌÔ˜, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ‰ËÌfiÙ˜ ÙÔ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó ¿ÎÏÈÙÔ Ë ™›ÌÔ˘ (·ÎÔ‡ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ë ™›ÌË ™›Ì’). ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·ÙÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ™ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘ N¢ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi X·˚οÏÈ. ™ÙË X·˚οÏÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› fiÛÙڷη ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÂÔ¯ÒÓ. H ÂÁηٿÏÂÈ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤ÁÈÓ ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1815. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÙÔ›Ô ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ Ì ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ¯·Ï¿ÛÌ·Ù· Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ ηÏԉȷÙËÚË̤ӷ ·ÏÒÓÈ·. ™ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ·fi ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ÛÙ¤ÎÂÈ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È Î·ÏÔÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË, ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ 1950. ∏ ™›ÌÔ˘ ÙÔ Î·ÙÂÍÔ¯‹Ó Ì·ÛÙÔÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÙˆÓ ÛÈÙÈÒÓ Ù˘. ∆· ·ÏÈ¿ Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ·, ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷο ‰ÔÌË̤ӷ ·fi ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ Ì·ÛÙfiÚÔ˘˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÏ›‰È ÁÈ· fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÙÚÈfiÚÔÊÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌ·Ú¯Â›Ô˘, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1900 ˆ˜ ηÙÔÈΛ· Î·È ÂÌÔÚÈÎfi ηٿÛÙËÌ·. ∞Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛıËÎÂ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
16:43
™ÂÏ›‰·97
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ˆ˜ ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ‰ÈfiÙÈ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ‰Â›ÁÌ· Ù˘ Ù˘ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÙÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ¿ÌÂÛ· Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∞ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·fi ¿Óˆ, Û·Ó Ì·ÏÎfiÓÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ¤Ó· ÙÚ›ÁˆÓÔ Ì ‰˘Ô ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤· ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, ÙÔÓ πÂÚfi ¡·fi Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Î·È ¿Óˆ ·’ ·˘Ù¿ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙˆÓ •˘‰·›ˆÓ. √ IÂÚfi˜ N·fi˜ Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÚ›ÎÏÈÙË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ËÂÈÚˆÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ Ì ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi η̷ӷÚÈfi. ∞ÔÙÂÏ› ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ ÂÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. πÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÎËÚ˘¯ı› Î·È ÙÔ ™¯ÔÏ›Ô, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1900 ÌÂ
‰·¿ÓË ÙÔ˘ ÎÏËÚÔ‰ÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∞Ó‰Ú¤· ™˘ÁÁÚÔ‡. ∞ÔÙÂÏ› ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· Ï·˚ÎÔ‡ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ - Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÂÈ ÙË Ï·˚΋ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ Î·È ÙÔ Ó‡̷ Ù˘ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛ˘. ∂›Û˘, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·fiÊ·ÛË Î‹Ú˘Í‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆ˜ ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Âηȉ‡ÙËÎ·Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÁÂÓȤ˜ ηÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Û ÂÔ¯‹ Ô˘ Ë ‰È¿‰ÔÛË Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ ∂·Ú¯›·. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ ·›ıÔ˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘. ∆Ô ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙˆÓ •˘‰·›ˆÓ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÛÙÚ·ÙÈÎÔÔÏÈÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚÒÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì Âͤ¯ÔÓÙ· ÙÔÓ ÔÏ·Ú¯ËÁfi £‡ÌÈÔ •‡‰Ë, ÔÏÈÙ¿Ú¯Ë Ù˘ ∆ÚÈÔÏÈÙÛ¿˜ Ô˘ ¤ÂÛ ËÚˆÈο ÛÙË Ì¿¯Ë ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÂÌ̇‰È Ù˘ ¶˘Ï›·˜. ¶ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ¶Ï·Ù›·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Î·È ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙ· ›Û˘ ÛËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤ-
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97
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·98
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ›ӷÈ: √ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ̇ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ °È·ÓÓÈ¿ MÔ˘Ï¤, Ë ÎÚ‹ÓË “§ÈÔÓÙ·Ú¿ÎÈ” ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, ÙÔً͈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÎÚ‹ÓË ·fi ¿ÛÚË Ï·ÍÂ˘Ù‹ ¤ÙÚ· Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË ÎÂÊ·Ï‹ ÏÈÔÓÙ·ÚÈÔ‡, Ë TÚ·Ó‹ BÚ‡ÛË ÛÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙË Ì ÌÈÎÚfi ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ ‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓË ÙÔ 1999 ·fi ÙÔ ¢·Û·Ú¯Â›Ô, ÛÙ·ıÌfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚ·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ Á¿ÚÁ·ÚÔ ÓÂÚfi Ù˘. π‰·ÓÈÎfi˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÂÚ¿ÙËÌ· Ë Â˘ÎfiÊ˘ÙË ¢Ú·Á·ÙÛԇϷ, fiÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ηı›ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ Î·ÊÂÓÂ›Ô Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ∞¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·' ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ˘„ÒÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ∫·Ú‰¿Ú·˜ fiÔ˘ ·ÏÈ¿ Û˘Ó·ÓÙÈfiÓÙ·Ó Ù· Û‡ÓÔÚ· Ù˘ ™›ÌÔ˘, ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜ Î·È ¶ÔΛÛÙ·˜. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ ͈ÎÏËÛÈÔ‡ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ Ë ı¤· Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·ÏËÎÙÈ΋ Û' ¤Ó·Ó ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·. ∏ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ì·ÍÈÙfi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ô˘ ‰È·ÓÔ›¯ıËΠٷ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·. ¶ÚÔÙÔ‡ Êı¿ÛÔ˘Ì ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÎÂÏ·Ú‡˙ÂÈ Ë ∫·Ú‰·Úfi‚Ú˘ÛË Ì ÙÔ ·Ê›ÚÈ (Ôχ ÎÚ‡Ô) ÓÂÚfi. ÕÏÏÔ˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô K¿ÌÔ˜ (™ÈÌfiηÌÔ˜) Ì ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙËÓ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ ÙË B·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·. AÍÈÔı¤·ÙÔ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1885. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÔΛÛÙ·˜ H ¶ÔΛÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ N¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ K·Ï¿ÎÈ Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi ̤۷ Û ¯·Ú¿‰Ú·. TÔ fiÓÔÌ·
98
∆Ô ¢ËÌ·Ú¯Â›Ô ÛÙË ™›ÌÔ˘
¶ÔΛÛÙ·
Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔÓ fiÎÔ (= Ì·ÏÏ› ·fi ÙÔ ÎÔ‡ÚÂÌ· ÚÔ‚¿ÙˆÓ). ÕÏÏÔÈ Ï¤Ó fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ·Ú·ÊıÔÚ¿ Ù˘ Ϥ͢ ÔÙ›ÛÙ· (ÔÙ›ÛÙÚ·) ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ Ù˘ (ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Î¿Ô˘ 85 ËÁ¤˜). TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. §fiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ηÙËÊÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ÔÈ Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁËÙ¤˜ ÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙·Ó ÙÔ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Ì Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ· Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ÙȘ ˙·Á¿‰Â˜, ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ∫ÒÙÛ·ÚË. ∞˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ˙·Á¿‰Â˜, ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Â˙ԇϘ Î·È Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó Ì ÙÔÓ ÈÔ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹ ÙÚfiÔ ÙËÓ ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ Ó· ‰·Ì¿ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿ÁÚÈ· ÁË. ™Ô˘‰·›Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ô ¶ÔÎÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÈÎÔ˜ ̇ÏÔ˜, Ô “¶·ÏÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜”, ‰ÈfiÚÔÊÔ˜ Ì ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË, ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ Ô˘ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÛÙȘ 11 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1904 ‹ 1905 ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ ηÙ‚·ÛÈ¿. O Ì˘ÏˆÓ¿˜ ›ÛÈ· Ô˘ ÚfiÊı·Û ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù··ÎÙ‹ Ó· Ûˆı› ÛÙÔ ¿Óˆ ¿ÙˆÌ·. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ (1877), Ô Ó·fi˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·99
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Ù˘ KÔ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (1912), ηıÒ˜ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ‰ÂÓ‰ÚÔÛÙÔȯ›· ·fi χΘ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ªËÏÈ¿˜ H MËÏÈ¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË B¢ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ M·Ï·ıÔ‡Ó·˜, ÛÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿ οو ·’ ÙÔÓ ÏfiÊÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË. TÔ ·Ï·Èfi Ù˘ fiÓÔÌ· ‹Ù·Ó KÔÏÔÛ‡ÚÙ˘. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ÎÔÏÔÛ‡ÚÙ˘ (= Ô ‰˘ÛΛÓËÙÔ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, Ô Û˘ÚfiÌÂÓÔ˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÏÔ˘ÙÔ‡˜). ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË, ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÎfiÙˆÛ·Ó ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚÔÂÈÛÚ¿ÎÙÔÚ˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Ô˘ ¤ÎÙÔÙ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÌÓ‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ˆ˜ ·ÓÙ›ÔÈÓ· ÔÈ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔÈ ¤ÛÙÂÈÏ·Ó ·fiÛ·ÛÌ· ÁÈ· Ó· ο„ÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ¤Ê˘Á·Ó «ÎÔÏÔÛ˘ÚÙ¿» ÁÈ· Ó· ÛˆıÔ‡Ó. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÓÈÁ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ Ù˘, Ô EÏ·ÙÈ¿˜, ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ ‰È¿‰ËÌ¿ ÙÔ˘. ƒÔ˘Ì¿ÓÈ Ì ¤Ï·Ù·, ·ÏËıÈÓfi˜ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì ·ÓÔÈÎÙfi ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘, ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘. ™ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ë ‚Ú‡ÛË ÛÙ· “¶Ï·Ù·Ó¿ÎÈ·”, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ¢·Û·Ú¯Â›Ô. ∂›Ó·È ÌÈÎÚfi Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙڈ̤ÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ΤÓÙÚÔ Ô˘ ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›·, ÙÔ Ó·fi Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ (1898), ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙËı› Ë ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ MËÏÈÒÙË §Ô¯›· Aı·Ó. XÚÈÛÙfi-
Ô˘ÏÔ˘, Ô˘ ÛÎÔÙÒıËΠÙÔ 1974 ÛÙËÓ K‡ÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ Î·ÊÂÓ›Ô. Afi ÙÔÓ EÏ·ÙÈ¿ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ, ÔÈ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›Ô˘ Ì ÙȘ ˙·Á¿‰Â˜ Î·È Ù· Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ·, ÙËÓ ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· ÌÈÛÔÁÎÚÂÌÈṲ̂ӷ ηχ‚È· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‡Ô ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ̇ÏÔ˘˜ Í·ÊÓÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Â˘¯¿ÚÈÛÙ· ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ÛÙȘ O‚Ú¤˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ §ÔÁÁȤ˜, ı¤ÛÂȘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜ H ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ ‚ÔÚÈÓ¤˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙˆÓ ÏfiÊˆÓ ”Õ˚ §È¿˜” Î·È “NÙÔ˘ÚÔ‡ÙË”, ÂÓÒ ›Ûˆ Î·È Ï¿È Ô ÂÚËÌÈÎfi˜ “KÚÔ˘ÓfiÏÔÊÔ˜” Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÂÈ ÙË ÏÔÊÔÛÂÈÚ¿ Î·È ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ 6 ¯ÏÌ. ¶›Ûˆ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÊÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ÓfiÙÈ· ÔÈ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ K·Ú‰·Ú¿˜ Î·È MÂÏÈfi˜ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ KÒÙÛ·ÚË, ‰˘ÙÈο ·fi ÙÔ ¶Ï·Ù·ÓÔ‚Ú˘ÛfiÚÂÌ· Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ. ∫·Ù¿ ÌÈ· ÂΉԯ‹ Ë ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ·Ú¿ÁÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË Ï¤ÍË ‰¤Ú‚Ë, Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜ Î·È Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·, Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Ë ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ›¯Â ·¤Ú·ÓÙ˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ‰Ú‡Â˜. H ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÌÈÏ¿ÂÈ ÁÈ· ·Ú¯·›Ô ÎÂÚ·ÌÂ›Ô ÛÙ· ¶·ÓÙÂÏ·›Èη ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· ÛÙÔÓ KÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ. E›Û˘ ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· ÎÂÚ·ÌȉÈÒÓ ÛÙÔÓ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶ËÁ¿‰È·, fiÔ˘
¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿
99
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·100
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ˘‰·ÙÔ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹ Ì ¤ÙÚÈÓË ·„›‰·. ™ÙÔ˘ °È·ÓÓÈ¿ ˘‹Ú¯Â ͈ÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË Ô˘ ηÙÔÏ›ÛıËÛÂ. E‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚÔ› Ï·ÎÔ¤Ӊ˘ÙÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ. H ı¤ÛË °Ô˘ÏÈ¿ÊÈ· (= ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·) Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ Â‡ÚÂÛË ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÓÔÌÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ. EÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ (1922) ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›·, fiÔ˘ Ë ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛÈÒÙË AÚ¯ÈÂÈÛÎfiÔ˘ ¢·Ì·ÛÎËÓÔ‡ ¶··Ó‰Ú¤Ô˘, ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ HÚÒÔ ÙÔ˘ ‘21 Î·È Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ “ÕÏÛÔ˜ £·Ó¿ÛË KÔ˘ÊÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË”. AÓ·ÙÔÏÈο Ù˘ Ï·Ù›·˜, ÙÔ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛˆÙÒÓ Ì ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ Î·È Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹. ¶ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ÛÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ Â›Ó·È ÔÚ·Ù¿ Ù· ‚¿ıÚ· ÙÔ˘ ͢ÏÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ˘ Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÙËΠÁ‡Úˆ ÛÙ· 1900. ¶¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ, Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜. ™ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ™Ùڿӈ̷ Ë Í·ÎÔ˘ÛÙ‹ “¶Ï·Ù·Ófi‚Ú˘ÛË” Ì ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ÂÚ›ÙÂÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ ˘·›ıÚÈÔ ı·ÙÚ¿ÎÈ. ¶ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÛÙȘ “¢ÚÔ‡Á˜” Ë Ï·Ù›· “¶·ÓfiÚ·Ì·”, ̤ÚÔ˜ ·ÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚfi Ì ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· Î·È ÛÙÔ ¶Ô˘ÚÓ·Ú¿ÎÈ ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÙÚÔÎÔÛÌ¿ ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi Ì ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ Ô˘ ÚˆÙÔÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1979. BfiÚÂÈ· ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ÛÙÂÓfi Ù˘ “¶ÔÁÔÓÈ¿˜” (ªÔ˘ÁÔ˘ÓÈ¿) ÙÔ ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ (1700 ÂÚ›Ô˘) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË, ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÈÔ‡ ÙÔ EÈÎfiÓÈÛÌ· ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ Ô˘ ›‰Â ÙÔ 1890 Ô K·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜. §›ÁÔ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ ∫ÒÙÛ·ÚË ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ Î·È ªÈÎÚfi ∫·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ, ÁÚ·ÊÈο Ê˘ÛÈο οÛÙÚ·. ™ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÚÔ Ì ÙË ™Ùڿӈ̷, ‚·ıÈ¿ ‰˘ÙÈο ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “°ÂڷοÚË” ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi 100
ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ Ë °ÂڷηÚÈÒÙÈÛÛ· Û Ͽو̷ ̤۷ Û ˘ÎÓfi ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÂÓÒ ·fi οو ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ Ô ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜. √È ÂÎ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Â›Ó·È ·ÏÏ¿ÏÏËϘ Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Ì¿ÎÚÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ Î·ıÈ˙‹ÛˆÓ. ∞fi ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Û ¤ÙÚ·, Ô˘ Ê˘Ï¿ÛÛÂÙ·È ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡, ÏËÚÔÊÔÚԇ̷ÛÙ fiÙÈ ÌÈ· ·fi ÙȘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙ· 1894. ∏ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Â›Ó·È Â˘Ú‡¯ˆÚË ÔÚıÔÁÒÓÈ· ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ·fi Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1960. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™Ùڿӈ̷˜ ŒÍÈ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÏÌ. N¢ Ù˘ ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ™Ùڿӈ̷ ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ “KÔÚʤ˜” Î·È ÛÙȘ ‚fiÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Õ˚ §È¿˜. TÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ™ÙÚ¿ÓÔ˜ (= ͤÓÔ˜) ‹ ·fi ÙË Û¤Ú‚ÈÎË Ï¤ÍË stranovit (= ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˜, ·fiÙÔÌÔ˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˜, ·fiÙÔÌË ÎÏ›ÛË, ηوÊÂÚ‹˜). AÁÚÔÙÈÎÔ› Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› Â›Ó·È Ù· ¢ÈfiÙ·Ì· (ÛÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ E‡ËÓÔ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ), Ì ÙÔÓ ÕÓˆ (A¿Óˆ) K¿ÌÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ K¿Ùˆ K¿ÌÔ. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË M¿ÚÌ·Ú· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ ¤ÙÚ˜, ˘ÔÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· ‹ÏÈÓˆÓ ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÓ, Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚˆÓ Î·È ÎÂÚ·ÌȉÈÒÓ, Ô˘ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘ ‹ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛ˘. Afi ÙË ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ. ™ÙÔÓ ÕÓˆ K¿ÌÔ ·Âو̷ÙÈ΋ ÛÙ‹ÏË ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË Ì ÙË ÁÚ·Ê‹ [¡π]∫π∞™ [¶∆]√§∂ª∞π√À, Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÎÙ›ÛÌ·Ù·. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË KÂÚ·Ìȉȿ ·Ú¯·›Ô ÎÂÚ·ÌÂ›Ô Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ Í¤ı·‚·Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÔÚıÔÁÒÓȘ ϿΘ Ô˘ ÙÔÔıÂÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÊÔ‡ÚÓÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù· Ù˙¿ÎÈ·. ™Ù· ÓÂfiÙÂÚ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙ· ª¿ÚÌ·Ú· ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ·ÏÒÓÈ·. ™ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô ¿Óˆ ·' ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ ¡ÂÚ¿ÎÈ, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ıÂfiÚ·ÙÔ˜ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˜ Û ۯ‹Ì· ·ÏˆÓÈÔ‡ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ıËΠ̠ÙȘ ¡Âڿȉ˜ Î·È ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ¡ÂÚ·˚‰¿ÏˆÓÔ. E‰Ò ›ӷÈ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·101
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
¶ÚÔ˜ ™Ùڿӈ̷
Î·È Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙË Ì¤ÛË Ù˘ Ï·Ù›·˜ ˘„ÒÓÂÙ·È ¤Ó·˜ ÁÂÚÔÏ¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ÓfiÙÈ·, Û ϛÁ· ̤ÙÚ·, ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ Î·ÊÂÓÂ›Ô Ù·‚¤ÚÓ· Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Û ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ·fiÛÙ·ÛË, ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙË ‚Ú‡ÛË Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ì¿Ú·. EÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi˜ Ô ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘. O ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ οËΠÙÔ 1848. °Ú·ÊÈΤ˜ ÔÈ ‚Ú‡Û˜ AˉfiÓˆ, K·Ú·ÁÎÔ‡Ó·, ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ (828 Ì.) Ô Õ˚ §È¿˜ Ì ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ οÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÊȉˆÙfi E‡ËÓÔ, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË §›ÌÓË ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È ÙËÓ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·. ∏ ı¤ÛË ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È È‰·ÓÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓÂÌÔÙÂÚÈÛÙ¤˜ Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛΤÙÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ì ٷ “·Ú¿ ¤ÓÙ” ÂÙÔ‡Ó ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ™ÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È·, Ë Ó¤· Û˘ÓÔÈΛ· “¶·Ó·Ô‡Ï·” fiÔ˘ Ô ·ÏÈfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ì ÙȘ ·ÏȤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È ÈÔ ¤Ú· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “™Ù·˘Úfi˜” Î·È “XÙ›ÚÈ·” Ô Ó¤Ô˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜. π‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ˆ˜ ∫·Ú¤ÏÈ, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔ 1965 ÙÔ “K·Ú¤ÏÈ”. ∏ ™Ùڿӈ̷ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÁÂÈÙÓ›·Û‹˜ Ù˘ Ì ÙÔ £¤ÚÌÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë
∏ Ï·Ù›· ÛÙË ™Ùڿӈ̷
Û˘ÁÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ Ì ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈṲ̂ÓË ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi. ŸÌˆ˜ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂÌfi‰ÈÔ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ∂‡ËÓÔ˜, ÁÓˆÛÙfi˜ Î·È ˆ˜ º›‰·Ú˘, Ô˘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜ ‹Ù·Ó ·‰È¿‚·ÙÔ˜. ™ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÂÚ·Ì·Ù¿Úˉ˜ Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ‚¿Úη. ŸÙ·Ó fï˜ ·Ó·Ô‰ÔÁ˘Ú›ÛÙËΠοÔÙÂ Ë ‚¿Úη, ÊÙÈ¿¯ÙËΠ·Ú¯Èο ÌÈ· Û¯ÔÈÓÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· Ô˘ ·Ô‰Â›¯ıËΠÔχ ÂÈΛӉ˘ÓË. ŒÙÛÈ ÌÂÙ·ÔÏÂÌÈο Ì ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ÚË ÙÔÓ ÙfiÙ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË Ã·Ú·Ï·ÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ ¤ÁÈÓ ¤Ú·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÊÙÈ¿¯ıËΠÙÔ “∫·Ú¤ÏÈ”. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ͇ÏÈÓÔ ÎÔ˘Ù› Ô˘ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì 4 ηÚÔ‡ÏÈ· Û 2 ¯ÔÓÙÚ¿ 101
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·102
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
∏ Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔ “∫·Ú¤ÏÈ” ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ
Û‡ÚÌ·Ù·, ÛÙÂÚˆ̤ӷ Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ÙˆÓ Ô¯ıÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡. ∞ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ¿ıËΠÛÙ· 1965 ·fi Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ 4 Û‡ÚÌ·Ù·, 2 ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Û οı ÏÂ˘Ú¿. ™Ù· οو Û‡ÚÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Û·Ó›‰Â˜ ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ¿Óˆ ÎÚ·ÙÈ¤Ù·È Ô ‰È·‚¿Ù˘. ™‹ÌÂÚ· Ë Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛ΢·Ûı› Î·È Ë ‰È¤ÏÂ˘Û‹ Ù˘, ·Ó Î·È ÚÔηÏ› ÌÈÎÚfi ‰¤Ô˜, Â›Ó·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜. O ‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓÔ˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ‰›Ï· ÛÙÔ “∫·Ú¤ÏÈ” Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÍÂÎÔ‡Ú·ÛË Î·È ‰ÈË̤Ú¢ÛË, ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙË Ê‡ÛË Î·È ÙÔ Ì¿ÓÈÔ ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ÛÙÔÓ “µÚÔ”, ¤Ó· ›‰Ô˜ ÌÈÎÚÔÏ›ÌÓ˘ ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ. 102
ª›· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·Û΢·Ûı› ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ, ÂΛ fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜, Û ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˘ Ô˘ ›¯Â ηٷÛÙÚ·Ê›. ∏ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ·˘Ù‹ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ¶Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë §Ô˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹ Ù˘ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘ Ì ٷ È·Ì·ÙÈο ÓÂÚ¿, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·, ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË, Ô˘ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·fi ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË ÛÙÔÓ ™ÈÌfiηÌÔ Î·È Êı¿ÓÂÈ ˆ˜ ÙÔ º›‰·ÚË, fiÔ˘ Èı·ÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â Ë ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ¶ÒÚÔ˜. ∆· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÂÚ› Ù· 100 ÛÙÚ¤ÌÌ·Ù· Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 280 Ì. ∏ ËÁ‹ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÙÂÊÚfi ¯ÚÒÌ· ·Ï·ÙÔ‡¯ˆÓ ·Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ô˘ ÚÔÛÔÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ì “ÛÙ¿¯ÙË”. ∏ §Ô˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·. √È ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ §Ô˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ÛÙËÓ Ù·‡ÙÈÛ‹ Ù˘ Ì ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ Ù˘ ∫·ÏÏÈÚfi˘, ·fi ÙË Ì˘ıÈ΋ ·Úı¤ÓÔ Ù˘ ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓ·˜ Ô˘ ·fi ÙË Ï‡Ë Ù˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔı˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚ¤· ∫fiÚÂÛÔ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÙËÓ Â›¯Â ÂÚˆÙ¢Ù›, ÂÁη٤ÏÂÈ„Â
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·103
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
∏ ·ÏÈ¿ Î·È Ë Î·ÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ· Û˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔÓ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ
ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Ù˘ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÙˆÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÒÓ ¤ÊÙ·Û ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û ËÁ‹, fiÔ˘ Î·È ·˘ÙÔÎÙfiÓËÛÂ. ¶Èı·ÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ÙÔ 218 .Ã. ∆fiÙ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÔÏÔÛ¯ÂÚÒ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ª·Î‰fiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ºÈÏ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ∂’ Î·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÈÔ˘ ∞fiÏψӷ. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Î·Ï˘Êı› Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓÔ ·Ó¿ÎÏÈÓÙÚÔ ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈ΋˜, Èı·Ófiٷٷ, ÂÔ¯‹˜. ¶ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ÛÙÔ M‡ÏÔ M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË ‚Ú¤ıËΠ·Âو̷ÙÈ΋ ÛÙ‹ÏË Ì ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ KPINO§AOY. ∏ §Ô˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ıÂڷ¢ÙÈΤ˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È Ù· ÔÏÈÁÔÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈο ÓÂÚ¿ Ù˘ ÂӉ›ÎÓ˘ÓÙ·È ÁÈ·: ÔÛÈÔıÂڷ›· (ÓÂÊÚÔÏÈı›·ÛË, Ô˘ÚÈ΋ ·ıÚ›Ùȉ·, ¯ÚfiÓȘ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ô˘ÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ Ô‰ÒÓ)
Î·È ÏÔ˘ÙÚÔıÂڷ›· (ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ¤˜ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÂÎ˙¤Ì·Ù·, ‰ÂÚÌ·Ù›Ùȉ˜, ÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔ¿ıÂȘ, ·ÚıÚÔ¿ıÂȘ). ∂›Û˘ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙˆÓ ËÁÒÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ËÏfi˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ì ›ÛÙÚˆÛË ÛÙÔ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂڷ›· ‰ÂÚÌ·Ù›ÙȉˆÓ Î·È ÏËÁÒÓ. ∆· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ∆· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ Â›Ó·È Û ¤Ó· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ÓÂÚ¿, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ ÌÂٷ͇ K¿Ùˆ K¿ÌÔ˘ Î·È ¶fiÚÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ô˘ Ù· ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ ÂÚ›Á˘ÚÔ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯Ô‡Ó Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ÎÔ˘ÙÛÔ˘È¤˜, ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· Ê˘Ù¿ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi
∆Ô ÓÂÚfi Ù˘ ÏÔ˘ÙÚÔËÁ‹˜ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘
103
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:22
™ÂÏ›‰·104
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
√ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜ ÛÙ· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘
ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. √ ¯ÒÚÔ˜, Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÌÂÚÈ¿ Ù˘ º·Ì›Ï·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÂȉÒÓ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, fiˆ˜ ˙·Úο‰È·, ·ÁÚÈÔÁÔ‡ÚÔ˘Ó· Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ˙Ò· Î·È ÙËÓ¿ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó›‰· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∫ÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘ ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ¶fiÚÈ·Ú˘, ›¯Â ηٷÛ΢·ÛÙ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜, Ì ̷ÓÙ¿ÓÈ· Î·È ÓÂÚÔÙÚÈ‚‹, Û fiÌÔÚÊÔ ‰ÔÌË̤ÓÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ì ¤ÙÚ· ÂÏÂÎËÙ‹ Ô˘ ›¯Â ·ÊÈÂÚˆı› ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. √ ̇ÏÔ˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ÂÚ›Ô˘ ˆ˜ Ù· 1950 Î·È Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi˜ ˆ˜ ª‡ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜. √ ̇ÏÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÚfiÛÊ·Ù·.
104
µÚ‡ÛË ÛÙÔÓ ·ÈˆÓfi‚ÈÔ ÎÔÚÌfi Ï·Ù·ÓÈÔ‡ ÛÙ· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· º·Ì›Ï·˜ TÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ º·Ì›Ï·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰‡Ô ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜. TÔ KÏÂÊٿψÓÔ, ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ K·ÛÙÚÔ˘Ì¿, ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ OÚÈÁ¿ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙË ™˘ÎÈ¿ ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË. MÂÙ¿ ·fi ··ÏÏÔÙÚÈÒÛÂȘ ÛÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1950 ÙÔ˘ Z¢ÁÔÛÙ·Û›Ô˘ ¶fiÚÁÈ·ÚÈ, Ô˘ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜, ÔÈ ·ÁÚÔ› Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰·˜ ÂÚÈ‹Ïı·Ó Û º·ÌÈÏÈÒÙ˜ ÁˆÚÁÔ‡˜. ŒÙÛÈ ¤Ú·Û·Ó ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ, ¤ÊÙÈ·Í·Ó Û›ÙÈ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¤ÊÂÚ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ KÏÂÊٿψÓÔ ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÁÈ·ÚÈ. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ‰‡Ô ‰ÈÓÔ› ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ›, ¶Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿˜ (˘„fiÌ. 300 Ì.) Î·È K·ÚηÓÈ¿˜. TÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·ÙÈÓÈ΋ ϤÍË familia (ÈÙ·Ï. famiglia) Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, ÔÏ˘ÌÂÏ‹˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ‹ ¿ıÚÔÈÛÌ· ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈÒÓ Ô˘ ̤ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ // Á¤ÓÔ˜. ™ÙË º·Ì›Ï· ¤‰Ú·Û ¤ÓÙÔÓ· ÙÔ ÎÏÂÊÙ·ÚÌ·ÙÔÏ›ÎÈ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. H ηÛÙÚÔÂÎÎÏËÛÈ¿ ™ˆÙ‹Úˆ ÛÙË ™˘ÎÈ¿, Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ÙÔÓ AÚÌ·ÙÔÏfi ηÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ £·Ó¿ÛË ™·Î·Ú¤ÏÔ Î·È Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫ÏÂÊٿψÓÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û ÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ, fiÔ˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈ ÎÏÂÊÙ·ÚÌ·ÙˆÏÔ›. H ı¤ÛË “M¿ÚÌ·Ú·” ÛÙËÓ ¶·ÏÈÔʷ̛Ϸ (ÚÒÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ) Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ‡·Ú͢ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË Î·Ù¿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·105
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
∏ ‰ȿ‰· Ù˘ º·Ì‹Ï·˜
‚ÚÂı› ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ·Ú¯·›· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·. º˘ÛÈο ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ K·Ï·ÁÎÔ‡Ù·, ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ·fi Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, ÎÔ˘Ì·ÚȤ˜, ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÛËÏȤ˜ Î·È ÌÈÎÚÔ‡˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜ (Îڤ̷ÛË), KÔÏÔÌ¿Úˆ, Ï·Ù·ÓfiÙÔÔ˜ ÛÙ¤ÎÈ ÓÂڿȉˆÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇ıÔ˘˜, Ô A‚Ú¿‰È·ÁÔ˜, ÔÏÔÛÎfiÙÂÈÓÔ˜ ¿ÓÙ· ·fi ÙÔÓ Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿, Ë BÚ‡ÛË Ù’ AÁ¿ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ™·ı¿ ıÔψً Î·È ¤ÙÚÈÓË, Ë TÚ·Ó‹ BÚ‡ÛË Î.¿. √È Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ô˘ÛÙÚÔ˘Ì¿ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÂȉÒÓ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ fiˆ˜ ˙·Úο‰È·, ·ÁÚÈÔÁÔ‡ÚÔ˘Ó· Î.¿. ™ÙË º·Ì›Ï·, ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ‰Âη‹ÌÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ›Ù·˜ fiÔ˘ ·Ú·Û΢¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ›Ù˜ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ.
™ÎËÓ¤˜ ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ º·Ì‹Ï·˜
√ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ª‡ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜
105
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·106
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
∆Ô Ï·Ù·Ófi‰·ÛÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË
∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ∞ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘, ‡ÎÔϘ ‹ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ Û ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· Î·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ›·. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ÔÈ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™›ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ∫·Ú‰·Ú¿˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫·ÚηÓÈ¿˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· §Ô˘ÙÚ¿ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙË ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ Ì‡ÏÔ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Ù˘ º·Ì›Ï·˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ·ÓËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∫·ÛÙÚÔ˘Ì¿ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi ·fi ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË.
106
¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ º·Ì‹Ï·˜
ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫¿Ùˆ ∫¿ÌÔ˜ ™Ùڿӈ̷˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔ ∫·Ú¤ÏÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘. ñ ∞fi ÙË Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔ ∫·Ú¤ÏÈ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙË ÌÂÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÔ˘, ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÌÂÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡, Ì ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ·Ú¯Èο ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÚÔ˜ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙË Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ‰‡Ô ·ÏÈÔ‡˜ ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˘˜.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·107
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘
∆Ô ÁÂʇÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ ÙȘ ·گ›Â˜ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ & ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜
√ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ›ӷÈ: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §fiË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ Î·È ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ¶··‰È¿˜. ñ ∞Ó¿‚·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆۷ηϿÎÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ¶··‰È¿˜. ñ ∞Ó¿‚·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∫·ÛÙÔ˘ÚÌ¿˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi º·Ì›Ï·. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ™ÙÔÓ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ Ô‰ËÏ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó: ñ ™ÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ fiÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·¯Ù› ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ Ô‰ËÏ·Û›·˜. ñ ™ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶fiÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ∫¿ÌÔ ™Ùڿӈ̷˜ Î·È Ù· Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓ· ÁÂʇÚÈ· ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ¶fiÚÈ·ÚË.
ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫ÏÂÊٿψÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ™˘ÎÈ¿ ·fi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ô˘ÛÙÔ˘ÚÌ¿. ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 √È ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ›ӷÈ: ñ ∞fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ Î·È °¿‚ÚÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ¶··‰È¿˜ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ›Ù ̤ۈ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜, ›Ù ̤ۈ ¶fi‰Ô˘. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ªËÏÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶fi‰Ô˜ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·. ∞ÂÚÔÙÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ∏ ı¤ÛË Õ˚ §È¿˜ ÛÙË ™Ùڿӈ̷ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È È‰·ÓÈ΋ ›ÛÙ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÂÚÔÙÂÚÈÛÙ¤˜ Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛΤÙÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó Ù‹ÛÂȘ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘.
∂ÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù˘ ˘·›ıÚÔ˘
107
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ∂͢ËÚ¤ÙËÛË fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÛÙ›·ÛË ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙË ™›ÌÔ˘, ÛÙË º·Ì›Ï· (™˘ÎÈ¿), ÛÙË ¢ÔÚ‚ÈÙÛ¿, ÛÙËÓ ¶ÔΛÛÙ·, ÛÙË ªËÏÈ¿, ÛÙËÓ ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË, ÛÙË ™Ùڿӈ̷ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ. ¢˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û ÍÂÓÒÓ˜ ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫ÏÂÊٿψÓÔ, ∫¿ÌÔ˜ ™›ÌÔ˘, ¶·Ï·Èfi˘ÚÁÔ˜, ÛÙ· ÏÔ˘ÙÚ¿ ™Ù¿¯Ù˘ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÍÂÓÒÓ· ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ §ÂÙÔηÚÈÙÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ∆ÔÈΤ˜ °ÈÔÚÙ¤˜ - ∂ΉËÏÒÛÂȘ ¶˘Ï‹ÓÈÔ˜ ∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ˜ ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Î¿ı ηÏÔη›ÚÈ Ô “¶˘Ï‹ÓÈÔ˜ ∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ˜”. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ıÂÛÌfi Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·ıÈÂÚÒÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÌÂÚÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ. √ “¶˘Ï‹ÓÈÔ˜ ∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ˜” Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ı¤ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿˜, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ¶˘ÏËÓ›ˆÓ Î·È È‰È·›-
108
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™ÂÏ›‰·108
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·109
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“ÎÔÓ¿ÎÈ·” Ì fiÏ· Ù· ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊÔ˘ (ÎÔ˘‰Ô‡ÓÈ·, ·ÚÈ·, ÁÎÏ›ÙÛ˜, Ù·Á¿ÚÈ· Î·È Î¿Â˜), ηٷÊı¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ¿ÏÔÁ· Ô˘ ÎÔ˘‚·ÏÔ‡Ó fiÏ· Ù· ·Ó·Áη›·, Ì·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ÛÔ‡‚Ϙ ÛÙË ÊˆÙÈ¿, ÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚Ô‡Ù˘ÚÔ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú¿Ì· Î·È ÙÔ Ù˘Ú› ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú‰¿Ú·, ‚Ú¿˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÚÔ‚·Ù›Ó˜ ÛÙ· η˙¿ÓÈ·, ÊÙÈ¿¯ÓÔÓÙ·È ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ‰¤ÛÌ·Ù· fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ÎÔÛÌ¿ÚÈ Î·È ÔÈ ›Ù˜. ºÏÔÁ¤Ú˜ Î·È ÎÏ·Ú›Ó· Û˘ÓÔ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÙÚ·ÁÔ‡‰È· Ô˘ ·ÎÔ‡ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ·Ú¤Â˜.
109
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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10:23
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
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10:23
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06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·113
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113
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06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
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·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Ô ™ÈÓÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˜, Ë ™ÎÔÙÂÈÓ‹ Ù˘ ¶¤ÏÈÛÙ·˜, Ô ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈÒÙ˘, Ô ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˜, Ô ∞ÚÙÔÙÈ‚È¿ÓÔ˜ Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ Ì ٷ ·Ú·ÎÏ¿‰È· ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Â›Ó·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ¤Ï·Ù·, ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Τ‰ÚÔ˘˜, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, χΘ, ÊÚ¿ÍÔ˘˜, ÈÎÚÔ‰¿ÊÓ˜ Î·È Ï˘Á·ÚȤ˜. ∆ËÓ ¿ÓÔÈÍË ı· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ·ÁÚÈÔÙÚÈ·ÓÙ·Ê˘ÏÏȤ˜, Ôگȉ¤Â˜ Î·È ·ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰·. ∫¿ı ÌÈÎÚÔ‚ÈfiÙÔÔ˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ‰ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ê˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂȉÒÓ, Ù· ÔÔ›· Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· Î·È ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. √È Î›ÙÚÈÓÔÈ Î·È ÌÂÓÂ͉› ·ÁÚÈÔ·ÓÛ¤‰Â˜, ÔÈ Ï¢Τ˜ ‹ Ï¢ÎÔÚfi‰ÈÓ˜ Ôگȉ¤Â˜, ÔÈ ‚·ı˘Á¿Ï·˙˜ η̷ÓԇϘ, Ù· Úfi‰ÈÓ· ÛÈÏÂÓÔÂȉ‹, Ù· ÏÂ˘Î¿ ÎÚÈÓ¿ÎÈ· ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ·ÙËÙ‹. ∆Ô È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÛÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÔÚÌËÙÈ΋ ÚÔ‹, ÔÈ Ì·›·Ó‰ÚÔÈ, Ù· ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛË, ÔÈ Â˙ԇϘ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÒÓ Î·È Ù· Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ·, fiÔ˘ Á˘ÚÔÂÙÔ‡Ó ·Ú·ÎÙÈο Ô˘ÏÈ¿. πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∏ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ 1836 Ì ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ·fi ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ¤ÎÙ·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ Ù¤ˆ˜ ¢‹ÌÔ ∫Ï·˝‰Ô˜. ™Ù· Ù¤ÏË ÙÔ˘ 1868 ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Úfi¯ÈÔ˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∫Ï·˝‰Ô˜ Î·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ¤Ó· ·Ú¯·›Ô ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËΠÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯Ï·‰ÔοÛÙÚÔ˘, ÚÒËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜, Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ. ∏ fiÏË ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ¡¢ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞ڷ·ÓıÔ˘, 2,5 ÒÚ˜ Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi, fiÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ - °ÈÒÚÁË Î·È Ë ÔÔ›· ηÙÔÈ΋ıËΠ·fi ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘, Ë ÔÔ›· ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ Î·È ·Â›¯Â 1,5 ÒÚ· ·fi ÙÔ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Û˘ÓfiÚ¢ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ÓfiÙÈ· ¯ˆÚÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ, ÂÓÒ ¢˘ÙÈο Î·È µfiÚÂÈ· ÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÈ˙ ·fi ÙËÓ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ∫Ï·˝‰· o ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜. ¶ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ô
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¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ - ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ (ÚÒËÓ µÔÓÒÚÙ·), ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ (ÚÒËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·), ¢È·ÛÂÏ¿ÎÈ (ÚÒËÓ ™¤Ï„·), ¶¤ÚÎÔ, ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·, ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿, ÃÒÌÔÚË, ∞Á›· ∆ÚÈ¿‰· Î·È ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∫Ï·˚‰Ô˜ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ›¯Â ¤‰Ú·, ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿. ∫·Ù›¯Â ÙÔ µ¢ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ‰È¤ÚÚÂÂ Ô ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜. ™Ù· ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Û˘ÓfiÚ¢ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ √ÊÈÔÓ›·˜, ÛÙ· ¡fiÙÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘, ÛÙ· ¢˘ÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶·Ú¢ËÓ›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙ· µfiÚÂÈ· Ì ÙËÓ ∂·Ú¯›· Ù˘ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜. ¶ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∫Ï·˝‰Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ∫Ï¿ Î·È ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫Ï¿, ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·, ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ (ÚÒËÓ ∆¤ÚÓÔ‚·), §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ (ÚÒËÓ ∞‚fiÚ·ÓË) Î·È ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË (ÚÒËÓ ™ÈÓ›ÛÙ·). √È ·Ú·¿Óˆ ¢‹ÌÔÈ Î·Ù·ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÌÂ
∞ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚÈÛÌÔ› ÛÙË Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ·
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈÎfi ¢È¿Ù·ÁÌ· ÙÔ 1912 Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ô˘ ·Ó‹Î·Ó Û ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ˆ˜ ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ˜ Î·È ·˘ÙÔ‰ÈÔÈÎÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¢ÂΤ̂ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1998. ∆Ô 1997 Ì ÙÔÓ ˘’ ·ÚÈıÌfiÓ ¡fiÌÔ 2539, ÙÔ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ “∫·Ô‰›ÛÙÚÈ·˜”, Ì ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1999 ηٷÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ¿ÏÈ ¢‹ÌÔÈ. ŒÙÛÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ - ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·˜, ∞¯Ï·‰ÔοÛÙÚÔ˘ (ÚÒËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜), ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ (ÚÒËÓ ∆¤ÚÓÔ‚·˜), ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿˜, ∫Ï¿˜, §È‚·‰·Î›Ô˘ (ÚÒËÓ ∞‚fiÚ·Ó˘), ¡ÂÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘, ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘Û˘ (ÚÒËÓ ™›ÓÈÛÙ·˜), ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘, ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·˜ Î·È ÃÒÌÔÚ˘, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ ¶¤ÚÎÔ˘ Î·È ¢È·ÛÂÏ·Î›Ô˘ ˘¿¯ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘.
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√‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Î·È ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ∞ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ. ∞˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È fiÏ· Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È Ô ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ Ô ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜, ‹ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ŒÓ· ¯ÏÌ. ÚÈÓ ÙÔ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ (Û 8 ¯ÏÌ.) Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ŒÓ· ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· (·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿) Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·ÎfiÌË 3,5 ¯ÏÌ., ¿ÏÏË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο (‰ÂÍÈ¿), Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ÃfiÌÔÚË (9 ¯ÏÌ.·fi ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ). ∞fi ÙË ÃfiÌÔÚË ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ·ÛÊ·Ïو̤ÓÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈ·ÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È Ì›· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ÂÓÒ
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶fi‰Ô˜. ŒÓÙÂη ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Â› ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ô‰ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÍÔÓ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ Î·È ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿. ∂Ù¿ ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ Î·È 2 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ¤Ó·˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο (‰ÂÍÈ¿) Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË (Û 5 ¯ÏÌ.) Î·È ·fi ÂΛ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ∫Ï¿. √ ·ÚÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ fï˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È 3 ¯ÏÌ. Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∆Ú›· ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· (·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿) Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·ÎfiÌË 8 ¯ÏÌ. Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚·. ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚· Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›· Î·È ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜, ÂÓÒ ¿ÏÏÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ¯ÏÌ. ÛÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ Î·È 2,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ï¿. ∞fi ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ï¿ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ.
∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ¡fiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ √ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ÎÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ô˘ ·ÏÈ¿ ‹Ù·Ó ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ (Ì ÙËÓ ∫ÏÂÈ·˚‰· Î·È ÙËÓ ¶˘Ï‹ÓË), ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÒÚ· ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ (ÚÒËÓ µÔÓfiÚÙ·). µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞ψӿÎÈ (1.418 Ì.) Û ˘„fiÌ. 860 Ì. Àfi ÙËÓ ÛÎ¤Ë Î·È ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ˘ Î·È ÔÈÎÈÏfiÊ˘ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ (¤Ï·Ù·, Á¿‚ÚÔÈ, ÌÂÏÈÔ‡‰È·, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Τ‰Ú·, ÎÚ·ÓȤ˜ Î.¿.). º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÚÔÙÔ‡ ÎÙÈÛı› Ô ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÌÈÎÚÔÛ˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ: ªÔ˘ÚÏ¿‰· Ì ӷfi Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ), ¶ˆÁˆÓÈÛο Ì ӷfi ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ¶·ÏÈ·ÏÒÓÈ·, ¶ÔÁˆÓÈ¿, Õ˚ µÏ¿Û˘, µ¿ÏÛ·ÌÔ˜. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ fï˜ Î·È Ë ÂΉԯ‹ ¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Ó· ˘‹Ú¯Â ·ÁÚÔÙÔÔÈÌÂÓÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙË “ªÂÁ¿ÏË µÚ‡ÛË” Ô˘ ÚÔÛ›Ï΢ÛÂ, ÏfiÁˆ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ˘ÁÈÂÈÓÔ‡ Îϛ̷ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜. ¢ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÙ·È fï˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜, Ô˘ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ·fi ÙÔÓ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Ù˘ ªÂÁ¿Ï˘ µÚ‡Û˘, Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÁÈ· ·ÁÚÔÙÔÔÈ-
∆Ô Ã¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘
•ˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
ÌÂÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ: ¶ˆÁˆÓÈÛο, ¶Ô˘ÚÏ¿‰·, µÔÓfiÚÙ· (ÕÁÈÔÈ ∆·Íȿگ˜), Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘ (ªËÏÈ¿), ºÙ¤ÚË (·ÏÈfi˜ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘), ªÂÁ¿ÏË µÚ‡ÛË. ∫¿ÔÈ· ·fi Ù· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ë ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ˘ËÚÂÛ›· Ù· ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‡ÛÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. √ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ·ÎÌ¿˙ÔÓ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ. ∆· ÔÏÏ¿ ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·Ù·, Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó, ·ÏËıÂ‡Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÁÔ˘ ÙÔ ·ÛʷϤ˜.
¢Â›ÁÌ· ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
118
ÕÔ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
∂ͤ¯Ô˘Û· ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ ƒÔÓÙËÚ·›ÔÈ Ì ÔÏÈÙÈ΋, ·ÏÏ¿ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÚÂȘ ÛÎÔÙÒıËÎ·Ó ·ÍȈ̷ÙÈÎÔ› fiÓÙ·˜, ηٿ ÙÔÓ ∞ÁÒÓ· Î·È ¤Ó·˜ ÚÔ ·˘ÙÔ‡, ÂÓÒ ÂÚ› ÙÔ˘˜ ‰¤Î· ·ÎfiÌ· ÔϤÌËÛ·Ó Û’ ·˘ÙfiÓ ˆ˜ ÌÔ˘ÏÔ˘ÎÙÛ‹‰Â˜ (‰ÈÌÔÈÚ›Ù˜ = ·ÍȈ̷ÙÈÎÔ›). √ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜. ∆· Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ÛÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ∆· ƒÔÓÙËÚ·›Èη (1847), ÙÔ˘ ª·ÚÁ·Ú›ÙË (1850), ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÏÔÙÔ‡ÚÔ˘ (∫ÔϤÙÙ·, 1840), ÙÔ˘ ∞ÁÁÂÏ¿ÎË (1850), fiÏ· Ì ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷο ÏÈı·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê·, Â›Ó·È ÌÂÚÈο ·fi Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ¶ÚÔÂͤ¯ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ (1846) ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ Î·È ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ‚·ÛÈÏÈÎÔ‡ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ Ì ٷ ‰‡Ô ÂÚÈηÏÏ‹ Î·È ˘ÚÁˆÙ¿ η̷ӷÚÈ¿ Î·È ÙËÓ ÙÚ›ÎÔÁ¯Ë ·„›‰· ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡, Û¿ÓÈ·˜ ‰ÔÌÈ΋˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘. ∂ÓÙ˘ˆÛȷο Ù· ÏÈı·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê· ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈı‡ÚˆÌ· ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡. ∂È‚ÏË-
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
∆· ÌÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
§ÈıfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ ‰ÚÔÌ¿ÎÈ ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ
ÙÈÎfi Â›Ó·È Î·È ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ì ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È ÎÂÈÌ‹ÏÈ· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ·Í›·˜. ∞ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙ· ÛÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ù· ªÔ˘Û›·: ·) Ù˘ ∂ıÓÈ΋˜ ∞ÓÙ›ÛÙ·Û˘ Ì ʈÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi Î·È Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ Û¯ÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÁÁڿʈÓ, ‚) ÙÔ πÛÙÔÚÈÎfi - §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ. ∫¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÚ›·ÙÔ ÛÙ· ÏÈıfiÛÙÚˆÙ· ÛÔοÎÈ· ‰›‰ÂÙ·È Ë Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÁÓˆÚÈÌ›·˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi, Ì ٷ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Î·È Ô ˘ÁÂÈÔÓÔÌÈÎfi˜ ÛÙ·ıÌfi˜, ÔÈ ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÚÔÙÔ̤˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫·Ú·˚ÛοÎË, Ô˘ ›¯Â ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ‰‡ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÂÈÊ·ÓÒÓ ¶Ï·Ù·ÓȈÙÒÓ. ∏ ªÂÁ¿ÏË µÚ‡ÛË Ì ÙÔ ÂÍÔ¯ÈÎfi Ù˘, Ë ·Ó¿‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜, Ë Â›ÛÎÂ„Ë ÛÙ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· (ÕÁÈÔÈ ∆·Íȿگ˜, Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘, Õ˚ §È¿˜, ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹) Î·È Û’ ¿ÏÏ· ÁÚ·ÊÈο ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Î¿ÔȘ ·fi ÙȘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ‹ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜. ¡fiÙÈ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ (ÚÒËÓ µÔÓfiÚÙ·). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÂΛÓË ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ (1454) ‹Ù·Ó Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÏËı˘ÛÌȷο ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1880) Î·È ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞Ó‰Ú¤·˜ (1974), ÔÈ ¶·Ì̤ÁÈÛÙÔÈ ∆·Íȿگ˜ (·Ó·Î·ÈÓ. 1985), ÙÔ °ÂÓ¤ÛÈÔ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (1895). ∂ÚÂȈ̤ÓÔÈ Ó·Ô› Â›Ó·È Ô Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘, Ë ∞Á›· ∫˘Úȷ΋ Î·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹ÌÔÓ·˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ˘ ∆Ô ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ (ÚÒËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ¡¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞ψӿÎÈ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ µÔ˘Ó¿ÎÈ (1.005 Ì.). ∞Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. ∏ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚· ¤¯ÂÈ Ï·ÙÈÓÈ΋ ÚԤϢÛË Î·È ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÂΛÓÔÓ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û ÛÙÂÓ¿
√ ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡. ∏ Ó¤· ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ (1928) Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ·¯Ï·‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ (·¯Ï¿‰È + οÛÙÚÔ). ∞fi Ù· ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚ·›ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â ˙ˆ‹ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ∂ÈÎfiÓÈÛÌ· Î·È ÛÙË °Ï·Ú¤ÓÙ˙· ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙ· ¢ÈfiÙ·Ì· ÛÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ÔÙ·ÌÒÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ˘„ÒÓÂÙ·È Ô ÏfiÊÔ˜ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ, ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞ψӿÎÈ. ™ÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ÎÏÈه˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Î¤Ú·ÌÔÈ Ì ÂÈÁڷʤ˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ¶ÚfiÛ¯ÈÔÓ Î·È ·˘Ùfi ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÛÙÔÓ Ù¤ˆ˜ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶ÚÔÛ¯›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ¿ÏϘ Ï¢ڤ˜ ÙÔ˘
120
∏ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜
Â›Ó·È ·fiÙÔÌÔÈ. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÌÈÎÚfi ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi οÛÙÚÔ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂfiÙ¢ ÙË ‰È¿‚·ÛË ÛÙ· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ·. ∞fi ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfiηÛÙÚÔ ·˘Ùfi ‹ÚÂ Î·È Ô ÏfiÊÔ˜ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ. ¶ÚÈÓ Ù· ¢ÈfiÙ·Ì· ÛÙ· fi‰È· ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤ÙÚÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú·. º·›ÓÂÙ·È Ï›„·ÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ‚¿ıÚÔ˘. µfiÚÂÈ· ·fi Ù· ¢ÈfiÙ·Ì·, ÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙ·Û·ÏÔ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÂÚ›ÊËÌË ÙÔÍÔÂȉ‹˜ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜, Ë “∫·Ì¿Ú·”, ıÂÌÂÏȈ̤ÓË Û ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜, Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‰Â ÙȘ ·گ›Â˜ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ Î·È ªÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘ Ì ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È ÙËÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·. ™ËÌÂ›Ô ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜ Î·È ¿ÚÚËÎÙ· Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·, ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· Î·È ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∆Ô °ÂʇÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙÔ ÛÙÂÓfiÙÂÚÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘, Ï›ÁÔ ÚÈÓ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ, ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÚ˘ÛÔ‚›ÙÛ· Ì ÙÔ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ. ∂›Ó·È ηٿ ¿Û· Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ù˘ ∂ÓÂÙÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ (1407 - 1499), ˆÛÙfiÛÔ Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ηٷÛ΢‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÈ Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙˆÓ ËÂÈÚÒÙÈÎˆÓ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜. ∆Ô ÁÂʇÚÈ Â›Ó·È ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏËÙÈΤ˜ ‡Ï˜ ·fi ÈÛ¯˘ÚfiÙ·ÙÔ ·Û‚ÂÛÙÔÎÔÓ›·Ì·, ÌÔÓfiÙÔÍÔ Ì ¿ÓÔÈÁÌ·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ 22,35 Ì. ÛÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ ̤Û˘ ÛÙ¿ıÌ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ ¿¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ „ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È 1 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘. √È ‰‡Ô ÚÒÙ˜ ÏÈıÔÛÂÈÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÍÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘˜ Û¯ÈÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜, ÂÓÒ ÛÙËÓ ˘fiÏÔÈË Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ÁÂÓÈο ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÈÎÚÔ› ·Î·ÓfiÓÈÛÙÔÈ Ï›ıÔÈ. ∆Ô Ô‰fiÛÙڈ̷ ·fi Ù· ‰‡Ô ¿ÎÚ· ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÈÔ‡ ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÚÔ¯ˆÚ› Ì ÎÂÎÏÈ̤ӷ Ï·Ù‡ÛηϷ Ï¿ÙÔ˘˜ 0,80 - 1 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘ Î·È Ë ÙÂÏÈ΋ ›ÛÙÚˆÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î·ÏÓÙÂÚ›ÌÈ. ™ÙȘ ‰˘Ô Ï¢ڤ˜ ˘„ÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËı·›Ô ̤¯ÚÈ ‡„Ô˘˜ 0,60 Ì. ∆Ô Î·ÏÓÙÂÚ›ÌÈ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Âη٤ڈıÂÓ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÊ˘ÚÈÔ‡ Ì ÛÙËı·›Ô Ô˘ ÚÔÛٷهÂÈ ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ. ∂›Ó·È ÙÔ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ·fi fiÛ· ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜, ¤¯ÂÈ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÂÈÛ΢·Ûı› Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› ˆ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ Ô˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∆Ô ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ ÙÔ˘ ∞¯Ï·‰ÔοÛÙÚÔ˘ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ˘ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Î·Ù·Û΢‹˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ˘„ËÏÔ‡ ·ÈÛıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂȤ‰Ô˘. ∞fi ÙÔ 2000 ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ú·¯ˆÚËı› ÛÙÔ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ ∞¯Ï·‰ÔηÛÙÚÈÙÒÓ Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘Û›Ô. ∆Ô ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ ÂÚÈÎÏÂÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ, ÙÔÓ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ, ÙÔÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙÈ‚È¿ÓÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ∞ÁÈÔ‚Ï·ÛÈÒÙË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ٷ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ· ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜, fiˆ˜ Ù· ƒÈ˙fi‚Ú·¯· fiÔ˘ ÎÚ‡‚ÔÓÙ·Ó ÛÙȘ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ÒÚ˜, Ù· ‰¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÁÈ· ÂÚÈËÁËÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜. µ¢ ·fi ÙÔ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¢È·ÛÂÏ¿ÎÈ (ÚÒËÓ ™¤Ï„·) Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 700 Ì. ÛÙȘ ¡¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÏÔÊÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ∞ÓÂÌ›ÙÛÈ (1.136 Ì.) Ô˘ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ ∞ÚÙÔÙÈ‚È¿ÓÔ. ∂›Ó·È ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡
‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ªÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1927 Û ¢È·ÛÂÏÏ¿ÎÈÔÓ. ∞Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ (Ù¿ÊÔÈ) ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÷ÚÈ¿ ÙË ƒ¿¯Ë, ∫ÚÈı·Ú¿ÎÈ·, ™ÙÂÚÁÈfiÏÔ˘, ∫ÔÏfiÚ·¯Ô, ºÙÂÚÔϿΈ̷. √ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Û ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÌÈÎÚfi ‡„ˆÌ· ۯ‰fiÓ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ∫Ù›ÛÙËΠ·fi ¶Ï·Ù·ÓÈÒÙ˜ (1 ª·˝Ô˘ 1808), fiÔ˘ Î·È ·Ó‹ÎÂ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∞ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ÙÔ͈٤˜ ›ÛÔ‰ÔÈ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. §Èı·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê˜ ·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ˙ÒˆÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ Î‡ÚÈ· ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ›ÛÔ‰Ô. ∞ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÙÔ ·Âو̷ÙÈÎfi η̷ӷÚÈfi Ì ÂÏÂÎËÙ‹ ¤ÙÚ·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·˜ ∏ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚ¤˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÚ·ÙÈ¤Ù·È Ì ̿ӉÚ˜ Î·È Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ· (˙·Á¿‰Â˜) ÁÈ· Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËıÔ‡Ó ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ψڛ‰Â˜ ηÏÏÈÂÚÁ‹ÛÈÌÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÔÈΛÏ˘ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ Ì Τ‰ÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶¤ÚÎÔ, ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÔ˘, Ú¤ÂÈ Ô ∫¿Î·‚Ô˜ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ∂˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·˜ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, fiˆ˜: ÛÙÔ Ú¤Ì· ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË ÛÙËÓ ¶··ÓÙÚÈ¿ ‹ÏÈÓ· ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ÛÙÔ §·˚Ó¿ÎÈ, fiÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ¶·ÏÈfiÛÈÙ·, ÛÙ· ¶ÚÔÛ‹ÏÈ·, Ô ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ §È· Î·È ÔÈ ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Ṳ̂Ó˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∫ÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ˘. √ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ ‡ÚÁÔ˜ ¿Óˆ ·’ ÙÔÓ Õ˚ §È· Ô˘ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Â ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ‚ÂÓÂÙÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· ÛÙË µ’ ∂ÓÂÙÔÎÚ·Ù›· (1687 1701). 121
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·122
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ·ÏÈfi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜, Ô˘ ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ¿ÛÙԯ˜ ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ, ‰ÂÓ ·‡ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎfi ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ¶fiÙ ¯Ù›ÛÙËÎÂ Ô Ó·fi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ Í¤ÚÔ˘Ì ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜, ¿ÓÙˆ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ˙ˆ‹ ÌÂÚÈÎÒÓ ·ÈÒÓˆÓ. √ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ÌÔÓfiÎÏÈÙ˘ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Ì ‰›ÚȯÙË ÛÙ¤ÁË, Î·Ï˘Ì̤ÓË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1953 Ì ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ Ï›ıÈÓ˜ ϿΘ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ Ì Á·ÏÏÈο ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È·. √È ÙÔ›¯ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÁÓÒÚÈÛ·Ó ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ¤˜ Î·È ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ¤ÙÔ˜ ¯Ù›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ¿Óˆ ÛÙ· ›‰È· ıÂ̤ÏÈ·. ªfiÓÔÓ Ô ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛÙËΠÔÙ¤, ·ÔÙÂÏÒÓÙ·˜ ¤ÙÛÈ ÙÔ ÁÓËÛÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ ÙÔ˘ (1748) Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘, ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ͢ÏÔÁχÙË ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ (¢·ÌÈ·ÓÔ‡) ·fi ÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·, „ÈÏÔ‰Ô˘ÏÂ̤ÓÔ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙ˘ÏÈ˙·ÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ì ı¤Ì·Ù· ÎÔÈÓ¿: ÎÏ¿‰ÔÈ, Úfi‰·Î˜, Ê˘ÏÏÒÌ·Ù·, ÎÏËÌ·Ù·ÚȤ˜ Ì ÛٷʇÏÈ·, Ô˘ÏÈ¿ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÎÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ú·ÌÊÈ˙fiÌÂÓ·, ÎÏ¿‰ÔÈ Ô˘ ‚Á·›ÓÔ˘Ó ·fi ÛÙfiÌ·Ù· ÊȉÈÒÓ, ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ· ÊÙÂÚˆÙÒÓ ·ÁÁ¤ÏˆÓ, ˙Ò· Ì ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÙÂÚ·ÙÒ‰ÂȘ. ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È Ô Ó¤Ô˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Ì ¿ÛÚË ¤ÙÚ·. ∏ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Î·È Ë ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ı˘Ì›˙ÂÈ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹ ·fiÎÏÈÛË. ∆Ô ¯Ù›ÛÈÌÔ Ù˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ·fi ∏ÂÈÚÒÙ˜ Ù¯ӛÙ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙÔ 1906 Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ 1926. ∞ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ÙÔ ¯ÙÈÛÙfi Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ì Á‡„ÈÓ˜ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌ‹ÛÂȘ. ∆· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ ηٿ ηÓfiÓ· › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ, fiˆ˜ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ (1844, 1963 - 64), Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ (1923), ÙˆÓ ∞Á›ˆÓ ∞ÔÛÙfiÏˆÓ Ô˘ ηÙÔÏ›ÛıËÛ ÙÔ 1917 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÛÙË ı¤ÛË ªÈÚÙ˙¿ÓÈ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 1936, fiÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ÏÈÙfi ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˘ ‹Úˆ· Ù˘ ÂÍfi‰Ô˘ ∫ÒÛÙ· ∫ÂÊ·122
ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡, Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ (1771, 1850, 1972), ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË (1873) Ì ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ (1890 - 1900). ∞ÎfiÌ· ‰‡Ô ÌÂÙfi¯È· Ô˘ ¤ÎÙÈÛÂ Ô ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ÌÔÓ·¯fi˜ ¢·ÓÈ‹Ï (1860 - 1948), ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›· (ÂÁηÈÓ. 8 πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘ 1915) Î·È Ù˘ ªÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒÛˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ (ÂÁηÈÓ. 9 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘ 1921) Ô˘ Ù· ‰ÒÚÈÛ ÛÙËÓ ªÔÓ‹ ¶ÚÔ˘ÛÔ‡. ∆ÒÚ· ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. ™Â ¤ÙÚ· ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔÓ ÚfiÓ·Ô ÙÔ˘ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ÌÂÙÔ¯›Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ 1898. ∏ Õ˚ ™ˆÙ‹Ú·, fiˆ˜ ÙËÓ Ï¤Ó ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ, Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Û ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ, ·˘¯¤Ó·, ˙˘Áfi Ì ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Î·È ÚÔ˜ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· Î·È ¤Ú·Ó ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·È ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ì ‰‡Ô ÌÈÎÚ¿ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈ· (ÎÂÏÈ¿). ™ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ·Ú¯Èο ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÁ‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1880 Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÚÂȘ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙ¤Á˘ ÙÔÓ ∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ ÙÔ˘ 1926 ÔÈ ¶ÂÚÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔÈ ∞ÌÂÚÈ΋˜ ÚÔ›ÎÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ¤Ó· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ Ô›ÎËÌ·, fiÔ˘ ¤ÎÙÔÙ ÛÙÂÁ·˙fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 1990, ÔfiÙ ¤·„ ӷ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ·fi ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë Ì·ıËÙÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ·Ú¯Â›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÌÂٷʤÚıËΠÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ™ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·›ıÔ˘Û˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎfi È·ÙÚÂ›Ô Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘. ∏ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·, Ì ÙËÓ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‡Ô ‚·ı‡ÛÎÈÔ˘˜ Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘˜ Ù˘, Ù· ¤ÙÚÈÓ· Û›ÙÈ· Ù˘, ÙË ıÔψً ‚Ú‡ÛË ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË (1924), ÙËÓ ‚Ú‡ÛË ∞Ú·¯ˆ‚›ÙË (1963) Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ¿ÏϘ, Û Âȉ˘ÏÏȷΤ˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜, ÙË ÚÂÌ·ÙÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˘, ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Ì ÙȘ ·fiÙÔ̘ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ÎÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi ͢ÏÔÛ˘ÚÌ·ÙÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ, Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, ÁÈ· Ó· ÌÂÙ·‚Ô‡Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· ÛÙÔÓ ¢ÈÏ¿Ù·ÓÔ, ÙÔ Û˘ÚÌ¿ÙÈÓÔ ÁÂÊ˘Ú¿ÎÈ (ηڤÏÈ) ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Ô˘ ›¯Â ηٷÛ΢·ÛÙ› ·fi ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ¤ÌÂÓ·Ó ·Ú·Ï‡ڈ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ÁÈ· Ó· Â͢Ë-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÚÂÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ›‰ÈÔÈ ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· Ì ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·, ÙÔÓ °ÎÚÂÌfi Ù˘ ∆Ûfiη˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ›· Ô˘ ı· ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÂÈ Ë ÊÈÏÔÂÚ›ÂÚÁË ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÔÚÂÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ÊÚÔÓÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ·˜, ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˘, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ¶¤ÚÎÔ˜, ¤Ó· ÎÚ·‚·Ú›ÙÈÎÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÈ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ˘ 1778 Î·È ÔÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÙȘ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ó·ÒÓ Ù˘ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·˜, Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÊÈÏÔÙ¯ӋıËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ·ÁÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ. ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ù˘ ‚fiÚÂÈ·˜ ‡Ï˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ µ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙÔ˘ 1811. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÔ›¯Ô ÙÔ˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ Ó·Ô‡ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ÂÙ¿ ÔÏfiÛˆÌÔÈ ¿ÁÈÔÈ Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê· ʈÙÔÛ٤ʷӷ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÃfiÌÔÚ˘ H ÃfiÌÔÚË ‹ ÃÒÌÔÚË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ¡¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∞Ú‰›Ó˘ οو ·fi ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰¿ÛÔ˜. ÿ¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ª¿ÚÌ·Ú·, ªÓ‹Ì·Ù·, ¶¤ÚÈ·ÓË Î·È ÛÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∆ÚÈ¿‰·. ∂ͤ¯Ô˘Û· ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ÃÒÌÔÚ˘ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ §ÔÁÔıÂÙ·›ÔÈ. °Âӿگ˘ Ô ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ §ÔÁÔı¤Ù˘ - Ô Ù›ÙÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ §ÔÁÔı¤ÙË ‰È‰fiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯Â›Ô Û ÂÈÊ·Ó›˜ Î·È Âͤ¯Ô˘Û˜ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ˜ - Ô˘ ÙÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔ˘Ì ÙÔ 1716 Ó· ‰ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÈÛfi ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ù˘ ∆ÂÚ›ÙÛ·˜ (¢ÈÏ¿Ù·ÓÔ˜) ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. ∆ÚÂȘ ›ÛÎÔÔÈ ÚÔ‹Ïı·Ó ·fi ÙË ÃÒÌÔÚË ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ›¯·Ó ηٷÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ù˘ ıËÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤‰Ú· Ù˘ ∂ÈÛÎÔ‹˜. √ ∫·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜ ‰È¤ÛˆÛ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÁÈ· ÔÎÙÒ. ∂Âȉ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÙˆÓ §ÔÁÔıÂÙ·›ˆÓ, §ÔÁÔıÂÙfiÔ˘ÏˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ‰‡Ô ›ÛÎÔÔÈ, ÙÔ ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÌÂÙ·‚Ï‹ıËΠ۠¢ÂÛÔÙfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ‹
¢ÂÛÔÙ·›Ô˜. ÿÚȘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ·˘Ù‹ “·Ó¤Î·ıÂÓ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÂȘ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfiÓ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎfiÓ ™¯ÔÏ›ÔÓ”. ¢‡Ô ÂÓ›Áڷʘ ϿΘ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ ÙˆÓ §ÔÁÔıÂÙ·›ˆÓ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1756 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÈÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ §ÔÁÔı¤ÙË °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ Î·È ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1775 ·fi ÙÔÓ Â›ÛÎÔÔ °·‚ÚÈ‹Ï (ηٿ ÎfiÛÌÔÓ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ §ÔÁÔıÂÙfiÔ˘ÏÔ). √È Ï¿Î˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔȯÈÛı› ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÒÙÂÚÔ˘ ÛÈÙÈÔ‡ Î·È ÚÔÛٷهÔÓÙ·È. ™ÙÔ ¡∞ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ∫·‚·‰ÈÒÙÈÛ-Û·˜. ¶fiÙ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ‰ÂÓ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì ·ÊÔ‡ Ë ÎÙËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ·Ê›. ∏ ÌfiÓË ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Â›Ó·È Ë ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· 1725 Û ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ˘. ∞fi ÙȘ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi (1831) ‚·ÛÈÏÈÎÔ‡ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ Î·È ÙÔ ËÁÔ˘ÌÂÓÂ›Ô (1815) Ô˘ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· Ô›ÎËÌ· Ì ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ÙÚfiÔ ‰fiÌËÛ˘ Î·È ÛÙ¤ÁË ·fi ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ Ͽη. ∞ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ͢ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ˘ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ë ÔÏ˘ÚfiÛˆË Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ôʇ¯ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Úfi¯ÂÈÚ˜ Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ, ·ÚfiÙÈ ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚÈÛı› ˆ˜ ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ·fi ÙÔ 1938. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1883), ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ô Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘ (1955), Õ˚ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ (1934), ÕÁÈÔ˜ ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ (2000). ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ˘˜: ÙÔ ª¤Á· ƒ¤Ì· ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ÙÔÓ ÃˆÌÔÚ›ÙÈÎÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ. ™ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ·˘Ùfi ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ‰‡Ô ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚˆÓ. ∆Ô ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÔ 1924 ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ. ™ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∞Á›· ∆ÚÈ¿‰· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ¡∞ ÎÏÈه˜ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ, ˘‹Ú¯Â ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÌÔÓ‹ Ô˘ ›¯Â ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË 123
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Û·Ú¿ÓÙ· ÌÔÓ·¯Ô‡˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηٷÎÙËÙ¤˜ ÔÈ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ¤˜ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ ∫·‚·‰ÈÒÙÈÛÛ· ÃfiÌÔÚ˘. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË Û˘ÓÔÈΛÛıËÎÂ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓÔÈÎÈ·ÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ë ÔÔ›· Â͢ËÚÂÙ› ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ∏ ÃfiÌÔÚË Ì ÙËÓ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›· Ù˘, ÙË ‚Ú‡ÛË Ô˘ Î˘Ï¿ÂÈ ‰›Ï·, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ· Î·È ÙÔ ‰·ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈ¿. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿˜ ∏ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÌÈ· Ï·Áη‰È¿, Û ÌÈ· ¯Ô¿ÓË, Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ∞Ú‰›ÓË Î·È ÙÔ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ ÛÙ· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈÒÙÈÎÔ˜ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˜. √ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜, ·ÏÈ¿ ¤ÙÚÈÓË ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·, Â›Ó·È ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ πˆ¿ÓÓË ÙÔÓ ¶Úfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ÙË ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ, ÙË ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‚Ú‡ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚÂȘ ÎÚÔ˘ÓÔ‡˜, ÙË ÚÂÌ·ÙÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈÒÙÈÎÔ˘ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˘, Ù· ‰¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔÛÂÏ·ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ¿ÙÚ˜. ™ÙËÓ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ ̤۷ Û’ ¤Ó· ‰·ÛˆÌ¤ÓÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Î·È ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÌÈ· ·Ó¿Û· Ô ÂÔ¯Ô‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ‹ Ô ÛÙÚ·ÙÔÎfiÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË Î·È Ù· µ¢ ∫Ú·‚·ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·. ™Â ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË µ∞ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ¯¿ÓÈ ∫ˆÏ¤ÙÙ·.
˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ó ¶··ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘ - ∞ÁÈÔ‰ËÌËÙÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜, °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ∫ÔÎÔÙ¿Î˘ - Õ˚ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚË. ∂›Û˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· Â›Ó·È ˆÏËÙ‹ÚÈ· ÔÌÔÏÔÁ›· (7 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1738) Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ∫ÔÎÔÙ¿Îˉ˜ (∫ÔÎÔÙ·›ÔÈ) ˆÏÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. ∂›Û˘ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Î·È Û ·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ÛÈÁ›ÏÏÈÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔËÁȷ΋ ·Í›· ÙÔ˘ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜ (πÔ‡ÓÈÔ˜ 1749), ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Ë ªÔÓ‹ ηÙ›¯Â ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÎÙ‹Ì·Ù·. ∆ËÓ ›‰È· ÂÔ¯‹ Û ˆÏËÙ‹ÚÈ· ÔÌÔÏÔÁ›· (25 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ 1749) ˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ ¶··Ó›ÎÔ˜ ·fi ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÌÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ì¤Û· Û ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Î·È ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÔÈ˘ ·fi ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Ë Ì›· Â›Ó·È „ËÏfiÙÂÚ· Û ÏfiÊÔ, ÂÓÒ Ë ¿ÏÏË ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ·. ŒÓ· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ ÙÔ ‰È·Û¯›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ÔÈ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ì·˙› Ì ٷ ‰¿ÛË ·fi ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜, ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Τ‰Ú·, Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ· Î·È ÊÈÏ›ÎÈ· ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ ÙÔ›Ô. ∆Ô ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ¿ÏÏ·Í ÙÔ ÙÔ›Ô Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ·Ú·Ï›ÌÓÈÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÔ›ÁÔÓÙ·È ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜. ∏ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÌÔ¯Ïfi˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜.
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ √ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ¡∞ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú·ÓÈÎfiÏ· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ∞Ú‰›Ó˘. ∆Ô ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ fiÔ˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÌÔÏÔÁ›· ‰ˆÚ¿˜ (2 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1716) ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· 124
™›ÙÈ· ÛÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ Î·È Ë Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘
™ËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÛÌ· Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Î¿Ùˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË. ∞Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ 19Ô ·È. ·ÏÏ¿ ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÙÈ·˜ ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·‚¿˙ÂÙ·È. √ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Ì ÓÙfiȘ ÁÎÚÈ˙ÔÚ¿ÛÈÓ˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ‰›ÚȯÙË ÛÙ¤ÁË, Ë ÔÔ›· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ «ÌÈÛfi ÎÂÓÙÚ›» Î·È ÙÚÂȘ ËÌÈ΢ÎÏÈΤ˜ ·„›‰Â˜ ÛÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ̤ÚÔ˜. ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈο Ô Ó·fi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÚ›· ÎÏ›ÙË. ∞ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· 1829. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰‡Ô ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ 1875 Î·È ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÚˆÛÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘. ∆Ô ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ - ¡›ÎÔ˜ §. ∫ˆÏ¤ÙÙ·˜ Î·È ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Û ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙÂÁ·˙fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô Ù˘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘. ∆Ô ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ô˘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â Á‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1924 Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰›Ï· Û’ ¤Ó·Ó ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ Â˘ÎÒÓ·. ¶·Ï·Èfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ª¤ÏÈÙÛ· ‹ ª¤ÏÈÛÙ· Ì 10 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1815. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ. ◊Ù·Ó ÏÈ‚¿‰È Ù˘ ∞Ú·¯Ô‚›ÙÈ΢ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ™ÈÛÌ·Ó·›ˆÓ. ™Â ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ (24 π·ÓÔ˘·Ú›Ô˘ 1833) Ù˘ ¢ËÌÔÁÂÚÔÓÙ›·˜ ∫Ú·‚¿ÚˆÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ∑¢ÁÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔÓ Ì ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Î·È Û‡ÓÔÚ·: º›‰·Ú˘, µ·ı‡ÚÂÌ·, ÂÚÈʤÚÂȘ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿˜, ÃfiÌÔÚ˘, ™ÈÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ηÈ
∫Ô˙›ÙÛ·˜. ™ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¯¿ÓÈ. ™ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¢Âη‹ÌÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘ √ÎÙÒ‚ÚË ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿ÛÙ·ÓÔ˘ fiÔ˘ „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Î¿ÛÙ·Ó· Î·È ÛÂÚ‚›ÚÔÓÙ·È ÙÔÈο ÁÏ˘Î¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔ˘Ù·ÏÈÔ‡ (ÎÚ¿Ó·, ηڢ‰¿ÎÈ, ÎÂÚ¿ÛÈ) Î·È ÙÔÈο Ê·ÁËÙ¿. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘Û˘ ∏ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË (ÚÒËÓ ™ÈÓ›ÛÙ·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‚fiÚÂȘ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú· ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ (ÓfiÙÈ·) fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∏ ™ÈÓ›ÙÛ· ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ¢È¿ÊÔÚ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Ô˘ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Î·È Â‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜, fiˆ˜ ÛÙ· ¢Ô˘Ï¤Èη, ÛÙȘ ™ÔÚ¤˜, ÛÙ· ∞ÛË̷ΤÈη Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ fiÚÁˆÌ· ÙˆÓ ·ÁÚÒÓ. ∆¿ÊÔÈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙË Ú¿¯Ë ¡Ù¿Ï·. ∞ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓË Ï¿Î· ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1866. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ fï˜ Â›Ó·È ¤ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛ˘, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ 1829 ÛÙÔ Ó·fi ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ÂÎÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË. ∆Ô Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ηϋ˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ì ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÙ·˜. º·›ÓÂÙ·È, ÏÔÈfiÓ, fiÙÈ ·Ó ‰È·‚¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛˆÛÙ¿ Ë ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ øÚ·›· ¶‡ÏË, ÊÈÏÔÙ¯ӋıËΠÙÔ 1749 Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ô Õ˚ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·˜, 125
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ‰˘ÙÈο ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ (1967 › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ), Ô Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘, Ô Õ˚ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘, ÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ ∞Ó¿ÚÁ˘ÚÔÈ, Ô Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘, Ô Õ˚ §È·˜ ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û fiÌÔÚʘ Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜. ∆· ·ÏÈ¿ Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ ·fi ÂÏÂÎËÙ‹ ¤ÙÚ· Î·È Ë Û΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ϿΘ. √ÏfiÁ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·˘Ï¤˜ Ì οı ÏÔÁ‹˜ ÏÔ˘ÏÔ‡‰È·, ηٷڿÛÈÓÔ˘˜ ΋Ԣ˜ Î·È ÎÚ‚·Ù›Ó˜ ÁÂÌ¿Ù˜ ÛٷʇÏÈ·. ∂›Û˘ ÙÔ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÁ‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1900 Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÏfiÁˆ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ ¤·„ ӷ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·˘Ï‹ ÙÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ¶ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ, ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘. ªÚÔÛÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÏÒÓÂÙ·È Û ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤· Ë ÎÔ›ÙË Î·È Ë Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘. ∏ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Î·È Â‡ÊÔÚË Î·È Ù· ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ë ·Ú·-
126
°ˆÓȤ˜ ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË
ÁˆÁ‹ Û ʷÛfiÏÈ·, ηϷÌfiÎÈ·, ÛÈÙ¿ÚÈ, ÛٷʇÏÈ· Î·È Î¿ı ›‰Ô˘˜ ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤ÓÙÚ·, Î¿Ï˘Ù ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙԛΈÓ. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· ∫¿Î·‚Ô˜ Î·È ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› Û ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË Î·È ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ÏÈÌÓԇϘ. ¶¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜, Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙÔ ·fi ¤Ï·Ù·. ¶·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ÙÔ ∫ÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜. ∂Λ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ËÁ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·Ó·‚χ˙ÂÈ ¿ÊıÔÓÔ, Á¿ÚÁ·ÚÔ ÓÂÚfi. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÙÚÂȘ ËÁ¤˜ Ô˘ ÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡Ó ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. µfiÚÂÈÔ ∆Ì‹Ì· ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¡ÂÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ ∆Ô ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ µ¢ ¿ÎÚÔ Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ·ÎÚÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ À„ËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·127
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È Ë Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘
ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ∫ÏÈÓÔ‚›Ù˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÓ ∫·Ï·Ì›ÙË. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÂÙÚˆÙfi, Ô˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1963 ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔÓ ∫¿Î·‚Ô Î·È ÙÔ ª¤Á· ƒ¤Ì· Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ∫ÏÈÓÔ‚›ÙË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¢›ÚÂÌ·. ∞Ú¯·›Ô˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÛÙ· ∫·Ï·ı·›Èη (Ú. ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ). √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫·Ï·ı·›Èη ‚˘ı›ÛÙËΠÛÙ· ÓÂÚ¿ Ù˘ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓ˘, ÛÒıËΠfï˜ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·. ™Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÁÁ›·. √È ÁÓˆÛÙÔ› ·ÁÚÔÙÔÔÈÌÂÓÈÎÔ› ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÛÙ· ∫·Ï·ı·›Èη, ÛÙ· ¶·ÏȯÒÚÈ· Î·È ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ‹ ηٿÏÔÈ· ÙˆÓ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ ȉڇıËÎ·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË. ∞¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‰˘ÙÈο ÛÙ¤ÎÂÈ Ô ∫·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿˜, “‚Ú·¯Ô‚Ô‡ÓÈ ·ÔÌÔӈ̤ÓÔ, ·fiÌÂÚÔ, ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÔ¿ÙËÙÔ, ¿Û˘ÏÔ, ηٷʇÁÈÔ Î·È ÎÚ˘„ÒÓ· Û ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ÛÙÈÁ̤˜…”. ∫·Ù¿Ú·¯· Â›Ó·È Ù· Ù·ÌÔ‡ÚÈ·, Úfi¯ÂÈÚÔ Ô¯‡ÚˆÌ· Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿ Î·È Ì·ÛÁ¿ÏÈ· (ÔÏÂÌ›ÛÙÚ˜). ∆Ô Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÏÈÓÔ‚›ÙË Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÓ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi. µÚ¿¯ÔÈ, ÛËÏȤ˜, ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜, ÔÙ·ÌÔÏÈÌÓԇϘ, ¿ÁÚÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ÛÊÚ·Á›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ÔÓÂÈÚ҉˜ ÙÔ›Ô. √ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, Â›Ó·È Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ
·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. √ Ó·fi˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1805, Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1837, ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1853 Ì ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ˘ ͢ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ˘ ·fi ͇ÏÔ Î·Ú˘‰È¿˜, Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÙÔȯÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙˆÓ ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏÈÛÙÒÓ, ͢ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ ¿Ì‚ˆÓ· Î·È ¿ÏϘ Â͈ڷ˚ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ, ÙÔ 1896 ·ÓÂÁ¤ÚıËΠÙÔ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Î·Ì·Ó·ÚÈfi. ™ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛË ÂÂÓ‰‡ıËΠ̠¤ÙÚ·. ∆Ô §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô Î·È ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÂÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Û ·ÏÈfi ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÂÚ·Ṳ̂ÓË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ˆ˜ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏ›Ô. ∆Ô ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÈÔ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆÂ˘ÙÈο ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ÌÈ·˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ Ù˘ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÎÙÈÚ›ˆÓ, Ô˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ·Ó Ó· ηٷÛ΢¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ·fi ÙÔ 1830 Î·È ÌÂÙ¿. ∆Ô ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎfi ηٿÛÙËÌ· ¯Ù›ÛÙËΠ̠¯Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÔÌÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ÙÔ 1959 Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ˘fiÁÂÈÔ Î·È ÈÛfiÁÂÈÔ. ™ÙÔ ÈÛfiÁÂÈÔ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÙÔ π·ÙÚÂ›Ô Î·È ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË Ì 700 ÙfiÌÔ˘˜ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ. √ ¡ÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ºÔ‡ÚÏ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· µ¢ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· 800Ì. °È· ÙËÓ Î›ÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÓÂÚfi ·fi ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· ∫·Ï·Ì›ÙË Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰ÂÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈο, ·ÏÏ¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜. ∆· fiÌÔÚÊ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ·, 127
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·128
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ “Ô ∫ÔÙÚÒÙÛÔ˜” fiˆ˜ ϤÓ ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›·, Ù· ÁÚ·ÊÈο ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û’ fiÏË ÙË ÓÂÔ¯ˆÚ›ÙÈÎË ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ÔÈ ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜ Î·È Ë ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ Ì·Á¢ÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·˜ ∏ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 960 ̤ÙÚ·. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫Ú·Ó¤˜. ™Ù· fi‰È· Ù˘ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·˜ ΢ÏÔ‡ÛÂ Ô ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ¿ÊËÛ ÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ fiÌÔÚÊË Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË. ∆Ô ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ‹Ù·Ó ËÁ‹ ˙ˆ‹˜, fiÙ·Ó Ô ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ·Ú¤ÌÂÓ ·ÎfiÌ· ÛÙȘ ÂÛٛ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ›¯·Ó ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÛÙËÓ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ¤ÓÙ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ›: ∏ ∆Ú·Ó‹ §¿Îη, ÔÈ ∫Ú·Ó¤˜, ÔÈ µ·ÚȤ˜, Ë µ·Ì‚·ÎÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ™Ù· ÔÚÂÈÓfiÙÂÚ· ‹Ù·Ó Ë ¶ÔÏÈ¿Ó· (= ÏÈ‚¿‰È) Î·È Ë ¶·ÏÈ·Ú¿¯Ô‚·. ∏ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ™ËÌ·›ÓÔ˘Û· ηٿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ™ÈÛÌ¿ÓË, Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ̤ÏË Ù˘ ˘‹ÚÍ·Ó ÚÔÂÛÙÒÙ˜ Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ ∫Ú·‚¿ÚˆÓ Î·È ÂıÚ‹ÓËÛ·Ó ÔÏÏ¿ ı‡Ì·Ù· ·fi ÙȘ ‰ÈÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ï‹ ¶·Û¿. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË Ì¤ÏË Ù˘ ‰ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ‚Ô˘ÏÂ˘Ù¤˜ Î·È ‰‹Ì·Ú¯ÔÈ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∫ÔÈÓ‹ Ë ÂÔ›ıËÛË fiÙÈ Ë ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· Â›Ó·È ÛÏ·‚È΋ Î·È ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Î·Ú˘‰fiÙÔÔ. ŸÌˆ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ·ÓÙÈÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ªÈ· ·’ ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË Ï¤ÍË Ú·¯¿˜ + Ô‚· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÛÏ·‚È΋, ·ÏÏ¿ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ µÏ¿¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ∞Ï‚·ÓÔ‡˜. ƒ·¯¿˜ ηٿ ÙÔÓ ∏Û‡¯ÈÔ (5Ô˜ ·ÈÒÓ·˜ Ì.Ã.) ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ¯ˆÚ›ÔÓ Û‡Ó‰Â‰ÚÔÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¤ˆÚÔÓ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ª. ºÒÙÈÔ (9Ô˜ ·ÈÒÓ·˜ Ì.Ã.) ‰ÂÓ‰Ú҉˜ ¯ˆÚ›ÔÓ. ∫·È ·˜ ÌËÓ Í¯ӿÌ fiÙÈ ÛÙ· ηٿÛÙȯ· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ƒ¿¯Ô‚· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ∞ Î·È Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Â›Ó·È “Û‡Ó‰ÂÓ‰ÚÔÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¤ˆÚÔÓ”. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi 128
‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ó·Ô‡Ï·, ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÌÂÙÔ›ÎËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ. ∫·È ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. ÕÁÓˆÛÙÔ ÁÈ· ÔÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÌÂÙÔ›ÎËÛ·Ó ÈÔ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¶·ÏÈ·Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ªÂÁ·Ú¤Ì·ÙÔ˜, ·Ú·ÎÏ·‰ÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ∫ÏÈÓÔ‚›ÙË. ∆ÂÏÈο Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·˘Ùfi ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËÎÂ Î·È ÎÙ›ÛÙËÎÂ Ó¤Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙË º·Î¤˜ Ô˘ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ Î·È ·˘Ùfi ¤ÌÂÈÓ ˆ˜ ¶·ÏÈ¿-∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· (¶·ÏÈ·Ú¿¯Ô‚·). ™ÙËÓ ¶·ÏÈ·Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∞ÏÂÊ¿ÓÙˆ ‚Ú¤ıËΠÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË Ï¿Î·, ÂÓÒ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔÎ¿Ï˘‚· ‚Ú·¯ÈfiÏÈ ¯ˆÌ¿ÙÈÓÔ. ™ÙËÓ ¶ÔÏÈ¿Ó· ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· ÎÂÚ·ÌȉÈÒÓ Î·È ÌÓ‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘. ªÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ Ù¯ÓÔÙÚÔ›·˜ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ô˘ ÌÂٷʤÚıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È·. ∆Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ 1850 ÂÂÎÙ¿ıËΠڿÁÌ· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÚÔ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜. ªÂ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ë ¶·Ó·Ô‡Ï· (∫Ô›ÌËÛË £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘) ÛÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ‰Âο‰Â˜ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙ¤ÎÂÈ ÂΛ ·fi Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ¿ÓÙ· ÊÚÔÓÙÈṲ̂ÓË Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓË. ™ÙÔ ÚÔ·‡ÏÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¤Ó·˜ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈÔ˜ ÔÁÎfiÏÈıÔ˜ Û¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·Ú·ÏÏËÏ›‰Ԣ Ì ‰˘ÛηٿÏËÙË ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹, Ô˘ ηٿ Ì›· ÂÚÌËÓ›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢›· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛË ¿ÁÚÈÔ˘ ıËÚ›Ô˘ (Èı·ÓfiÓ ÙÔ˘ ∫·Ï˘‰ÒÓÈÔ˘ οÚÔ˘). ™Ò˙ÂÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË Ì›· Ï¢΋ Ï›ıÈÓË ‚¿ÛË, (‚¿ıÚÔ) ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ·Á¿ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ 0,75 x 1,30 Ì. Ì ÂÁ¯¿Ú·ÎÙË ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Û ∂˘‚Ô˚΋ ÁÚ·Ê‹. ∆Ô ÂȉˆÏÔÏ·ÙÚÈÎfi ·˘Ùfi Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜, ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¿ËΠ۠¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎfi Î·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÛÈ· ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊ· ̤ÚË. ÕÍÈÔ ÌÓ›·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›·, 2,5 ¯ÏÌ. ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÛÙÔÓ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿. ∞ӷηÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1778 ·fi ÙÔÓ £·Ó·ÛԇϷ ™ÈÛÌ¿ÓË Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ηıÔÏÈÎÔ‡. ∆Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ‰È·Ï‡ıËΠÙÔ 1833 Î·È ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1965. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó 300 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›·. ¶Èı·ÓÒ˜ οÔÈ· ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ¤ÏËÍ ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Î·È ÂÍ·Ó¿ÁηÛ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ó· ÙÔ Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. √È ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ∞˘Ùfi ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·Ú›ÛÙ˘ Ù¤¯Ó˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ, Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ ÌÂٷʤÚıËÎÂ Î·È ÙÔÔıÂÙ‹ıËΠÛÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘. ÕÍÈÔ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ì ÛËÏȤ˜, ËÁ¤˜ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛË. ◊Ù·Ó ·ÚfiÛÈÙÔ ·fi ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ·, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ Î·È ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿, ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ·fiÙÔÌˆÓ Î·È ‰˘ÛıÂÒÚËÙˆÓ ‚Ú¿¯ˆÓ. ∆Ë ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÚÔÛٿ٢Â, Ô ·‰È¿‚·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi, ∂‡ËÓÔ˜. ªfiÓÔ ÌÈ· ÛÙÂÓˆ‹ ‰È¿‚·ÛË ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿, Ô˘ ϤÁÂÙ·È Ï·ÈÌfi˜, Û ԉËÁÔ‡Û ÛÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ. ∂‰Ò ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÂÚ›ȷ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ù·Ó ˆ˜ ÎÚËÛʇÁÂÙÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹. √È ∞Ú·¯Ô‚›Ù˜ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ·Ï·Èfi-
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·130
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÂÚ· Ì ÙË Ú·ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÌÈÏÔ‡Û·Ó Î·È ·˘ÙÔ› ÙË Û˘ÓıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÙˆÓ Ú·ÊÙ¿‰ˆÓ. ∏ ÔÏÂÔ‰ÔÌÈ΋ ‰ÔÌ‹ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙˆÓ ™ÈÛÌ·Ó·›ˆÓ ¯ÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙ· 1898. ∆Ô ˘¤ÚÔ¯Ô ÎÙ›ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ˆ˜ §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô Ô˘ ȉڇıËΠÙÔ 1995 Ì ÓÙfiÈ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Î·È ÛÎÂ‡Ë ÙˆÓ ÂÚ·ÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ 2 ·ÈÒÓˆÓ. ™ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫Ú·Ó¤˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi˜ ÂÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ̇ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Ì 2 ÎÏ·ÛÛÈΤ˜ Ì˘ÏfiÂÙÚ˜ Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙ› ÂÚÈÛÙ·Ûȷο ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÙfiÈÔ˘˜. ∏ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· Ì ÙËÓ fiÌÔÚÊË ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›· Ù˘, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÏÈıfi¯ÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ· ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜, ÙÔÓ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓfiÏÔÁÁÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÈΛÏË ‰·ÛÈ΋ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË, Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿‰Â˜ ÛÙȘ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜, ÙȘ ÎÂÚ·ÛȤ˜, ÙȘ ηڢ‰È¤˜, ÙȘ ‚Ú‡Û˜, Ù· ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ·ÏÒÓÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤· ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË Â›Ó·È ÁÔËÙ¢ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙfiÔ˜ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ¿ÙÚË. ∞Í›˙ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÂΉÚÔÌ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÎÚÔ˘ÛÙ·ÏϤÓÈ· ªÂÁ¿ÏË µÚ‡ÛË Ô˘ ÂÚÈÎÏ›ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Î·È ÌÈ· ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ÛËÏÈ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ‚Á·›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi. ∂Λ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È ÙÔ ˘‰Ú·ÁˆÁÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫Ï¿˜ ∏ ∫Ï¿ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÔÈ˘: ∆ËÓ ÕÓˆ ∫Ï¿ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ï¿ ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ. ∆Ș ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ô ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ˜ ª¤Á· ƒ¤Ì·. ∆Ô ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 780 Ì. ∏ ∫Ï¿ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹. ∏ ∫Ï¿ ˘‹ÚÍ ڈÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∫Ï·˝‰Ô˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1869 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1912 Ô˘ ηٷÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ‰‹ÌÔÈ. ∞Ú¯·›· Ô›ÎËÛË ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ∫ÂÚ·Ìȉȿ‰Â˜ ·fi ÙËÓ 130
‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ Ó·fi Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ™·ÚÙÈ¿‰Â˜. ∞fi ÂÓı˘Ì‹ÛÂȘ Û ·ÏÈfi ¢·ÁÁ¤ÏÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ∆·ÍÈ·Ú¯ÒÓ, ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ 1760, ÏËÚÔÊÔÚԇ̷ÛÙ fiÙÈ: ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ¯Ú¤Ô˘˜ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËΠÙÔ 1763. •·Ó·Á‡ÚÈÛ·Ó ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÙÔ 1770 Î·È ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ¤ÊÙÈ·Í·Ó Û›ÙÈ·. ™ÙȘ 18 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1773, Ë̤ڷ ∆ÂÙ¿ÚÙË “¤ÁÈÓÂÓ Ë ·Ú¯‹ ˘ ÙÔÓ ¿ÁÈÔÓ Ù·ÍÈ¿Ú¯ËÓ ·fi ıÂÌÂÏÈÔ‡ıÂÓ”. ∞fi ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ∫Ï·˚ÙÒÓ ÚÔÎÚ›ÙˆÓ (14 ¡ÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1828) ÏËÚÔÊÔÚԇ̷ÛÙ fiÙÈ “ÂοÁËΠÙÔ ÌÈÛfi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì·˜ Î·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ì·˜ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ªÂÁ·ÏÔÌ¿ÚÙ˘Ú·˜ °¤ˆÚÁÈÔ˜”. ∏ ∫Ï¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰‡Ô ÂÓÔڛ˜: ·. ÙˆÓ ¶·ÌÌÂÁ›ÛÙˆÓ ∆·ÍÈ·Ú¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ∫¿Ùˆ ™˘ÓÔÈΛ·˜ Ì ÙÔ ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ Î·È ·Ó‡„ËÏÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ, Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· 1901, Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ 1899 Ì 1900 Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ Ô Ó·fi˜ Î·È ‚. ÙÔ˘ ªÂÁ·ÏÔÌ¿ÚÙ˘ÚÔ˜ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ™˘ÓÔÈΛ·˜ Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1938 Û ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ô˘ ›¯Â η› ÙÔ 1828 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÛÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô˘ ·È. ÛÙÔ Ï¿ÙˆÌ· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi Ó·fi. ∂›Û˘ Ë ªÂÛ·›· ™˘ÓÔÈΛ· ¤¯ÂÈ Ó·fi ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ µÏ¿ÛÈÔ, Ô˘ οı 100 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›˙ÂÙ·È. ∏ ∫Ï¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÂÓÂÚÁ¿ ‹ ÂÚÂȈ̤ӷ. µÚ›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ Î·È ·Ó¤ÌÔÚʘ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜. ∏ ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏËÍË Ù˘ ªÂÁ¿Ï˘ ƒ¿¯Ë˜, Ô ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ ∏Ï›·˜ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ™˘ÓÔÈΛ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿, Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÂÙÔʈÏÈ¿ ÛÙ· ·fiÎÚËÌÓ· «ÛÙ¤ÎÂÙ·È ·ÚfiÛÈÙÔ˜ Ì ÔÚıÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÛÙ¤ÁË», Ô ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ ∏Ï›·˜ Ù˘ ∫¿Ùˆ ™˘ÓÔÈΛ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘ÓÈÔ‡ ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ˜ Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË Î·È Ì ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ Ù· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· Î·È Ù· Á‡Úˆ ‚Ô˘Ó¿, Ë ¶·Ó·Á›ÙÛ· (1811) οو ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÕÁÈÔ˘˜ ∆·Íȿگ˜ ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÔÈ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔÈ ÛÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ, fiÔ˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·131
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ËÚˆÈΤ˜ Ì¿¯Â˜ ÛÙÔÓ ∞ÁÒÓ· ÙÔ˘ ’21. √ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘ Ô ¶Úfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ Û ÌÈ· Âȉ˘ÏÏȷ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ¿Óˆ Û ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜ ·’ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ÍÂË‰Ô‡Ó ¿ÊıÔÓ· ÓÂÚ¿, ¤Ó·˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ·Ó·„˘¯‹˜ ÊÙÈ·Á̤ÓÔ˜ ̤۷ Û ÌÈ· ÚÂÌ·ÙÈ¿. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏÏ· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› ÌfiÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó· ·Ó·Î·Ï‡„ÂÈ Ô Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ¿ÙÚ˘ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜. ™Ù· “™ÙÂÓ¿”, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ Ù˘ ∫Ï¿˜ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· «‰È ÂÓfi˜ ÙfiÍÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰¤Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÂÓfi˜ ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ·’ ·ÏÏ‹ÏˆÓ ÁÚ·Ó›Ù·˜». ∆Ô ÁÂʇÚÈ ¤ÊÂÚ Û ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∫Ï¿˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ Ì ٷ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ·, ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË, Î.¿. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ì ¯·ÌËψ̤ÓÔ ÙfiÍÔ ÂÓÒ ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙڈ̷ Ù˘ ηٷÛÙÚÒıËΠÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈÔ, ÙÔ ¿ÓÔÈÁÌ· Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 10,42 Ì. Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 12,60 Ì. ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË. ∆Ô ¤ÚÁÔ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ÛÙ· 1885 Î·È ¿ÓÙˆ˜ ÛÙ· 1890 ˘‹Ú¯Â, ηıÒ˜ ÙfiÙ ÙÔ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ô ∞Ó‰Ú¤·˜ ∫·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜. ∏ ηÏÔÏ·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓË ·˘Ù‹ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Û ¿ÚÈÛÙË Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË. ∏ ∫Ï¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔÈÎÈÛÙ› ·fi ÙËÓ Ê‡ÛË Ì ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ÛËÏÈÒÓ (¢Ú·ÎfiÙÚ˘·, °·‚·ıfiÙÚ˘·, ∞ÂÚfiÙÚ˘·, ∞¯ÓfiÙÚ˘·) Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜. µÚ¿¯È· ηχÙÔ˘Ó Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘ÓÈÔ‡, ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ. •ÂÎÈ-
Ó¿Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó Û¯Â‰fiÓ Î¿ıÂÙ· οو ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÛÙ· ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÙÔ˘ º›‰·ÚË. ∞¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÁÚ·ÓÈÙ¤ÓÈÔ˜ ÂÍÒÛÙ˘ Û ‡„Ô˜ 50 Ì. ·’ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ, Ô˘ ÙÔÓ Ï¤Ó ∫·Ïfi ¶Ï¿È ˘fi ÙËÓ ÛÎ¤Ë ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÎÎÈÓˆÔ‡ Î·È ·ÁÚȈԇ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘ÓÈÔ‡. ªfiÓÔ ÌÈ· ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÂÙÚ҉˘ Î·È ‰‡Û‚·ÙË ·’ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Û ʤÚÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ∫·Ïfi ¶Ï¿È Î·È ÛÙËÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÌÂÓË ∞ÔÎÏ›ÛÙÚ·, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ›ȷ ÔÈΛÛÎˆÓ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ‰È¤ÌÂÓ·Ó ÔÈ Î˘ÓËÁË̤ÓÔÈ. ™ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ¿ÎÚÔ Ô ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Õ˚ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·˜, ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ï¤ÓÂ, Ô˘ ÙÔ 1890 ÙÔÓ ‚ڋΠfiÚıÈÔ Î·È ·Î¤Ú·ÈÔ Ô ∫·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜. ∆· µÚ¿¯È· ·˘Ù¿ Ì·˙› Ì ٷ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Î·È Ù· ‚Ú¿¯È· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ οÓÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ηٷÏËÎÙÈÎfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·ÙÂÛÙÚ·Ì̤ÓË ÛȉÂÚÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔ ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ¤ÙÚÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙ· ™ÙÂÓ¿ Ù˘ ∫Ï¿˜. ∏ ʇÛË ·Ïfi¯ÂÚ· ‰È¤ıÂÛ ÛÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Ù˘ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Î·È ¿ÊıÔÓ· ÓÂÚ¿. ∆Ô ª¤Á· ڤ̷ Ì ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË, Ô °ÎÂṲ́˜ ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ï¿ Î·È ÙÔ ª·¯·ÏÈÒÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì· ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ∫Ï¿ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó Ì·˙› Ì ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ Ù˘ ªÂÁ¿Ï˘ µÚ‡Û˘, Ù˘ µÚ˘ÛԇϷ˜, ÙˆÓ ∫ˆÛÙ·ÓÙ¿ÌÂψÓ, ÙÔ˘ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ºÒÙË - ‚Ú‡ÛË, Ù˘ ªÔ˘ÓÙÔÓ›ÙÛ·˜ Î·È ¿Ú· ÔÏÏÒÓ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÙÔ ˘‰¿ÙÈÓÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙË
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Ì·ÎÚ·›ˆÓË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ˙ˆ‹, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÏÔ‡ÙÔ. ¶·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÔÏÏÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. ŒÓ·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ª¤Á· ƒ¤Ì·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ ∆Ô ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ (ÚÒËÓ ∆¤ÚÓÔ‚·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (1.415 Ì.). ∂›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÂÈÎÏÈÓ¤˜ ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÚ·ÙÂ›Ù·È Ì ‰¤Ì·Ù· ·fi ÍÂÚÔÏÈıÈ¿. ªÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1930 Û ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈÔÓ (‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ+¯ÒÚÔ˜ = ¯ˆÚÈfi). ÈÚÈfi ÁÂÌ¿ÙÔ ‰¤Ó‰Ú· ›Ù ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰Ú·, ›Ù ¤Ï·Ù· Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë. ÕÏψÛÙÂ Ô ∂Ï·ÙÈ¿˜, ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, Ì·˙› Ì ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ·ÚÁȤ˜, Τ‰Ú·, ÎÔ˘Ì·ÚȤ˜ ÎÙÏ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË ‰›ÓÂÈ. ∆Ô ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. ™ÙËÓ ∫Ô˘Ê·ÏÂÚ‹ ϤÓ fiÙÈ ‚Ú¤ıËΠ·Á·ÏÌ·Ù›‰ÈÔ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤Ìȉ·˜, fiˆ˜ Î·È ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· fiÛÙڷη Î·È ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο. ∂‰Ò ϤÓ ›Û˘ fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â Î·È ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ, ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ “∫·ÏÔÁÂÚÈο” ÙÔ ˘ÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÈ. ∆Ô ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ, ¤¯ÂÈ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÔÌÔÚÊȤ˜, Ù· ‰¿ÛË ÙÔ˘, ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, ÙÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô Ì ÙËÓ ·ÁÚÈ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙȘ ·ÚfiÛÈÙ˜ ÛËÏȤ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· Ô˘ ı· ·Ó·-
132
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ηχ„ÂÈ Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜. √ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ∫Ô›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (1908), Ì ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË, Ù· Â͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ ¡ÈÎfiÏ· (1888) ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·Ú¯·›Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿˜ ∏ÂÈÚˆÙÒÓ Ì·ÛÙfiÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·. ∞fi Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË ÛÙ· ¡¢ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô Ô˘ Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1998, ÙˆÓ ∞Á›ˆÓ ¶¿ÓÙˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∫Ú·ÓÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ º›‰·ÚË, ÂÚȤÚÁˆ˜ ÛÙÔ ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, οÔÈ· ÂÚ›ȷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÔÌ›ÓÂÈ. ∂›Û˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÷ÏÈ¿‰Â˜ Ë ı¤ÛË “¶·ÏÈÔÎÏ‹ÛÈ” ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·ÏÈ¿˜ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔı¤ÛÈÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ Ô›ÎËÌ· Ô˘ ȉڇıËΠÙÔ 1909 Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÙ·Ùڷ› Û ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÍÂÓÒÓ·. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‰›Ï· ·fi ÙË ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›· Ì ÙËÓ ˘¤ÚÔ¯Ë ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ Î·È Ì ÙË Ê·ÓÙ·ÛÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ ÙÔ›Ô˘. ∂‰Ò ÛÙÔ ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Î·È Ë ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ Ì¿¯Ë Ù˘ ∆¤ÚÓÔ‚·˜ ÛÙȘ 10 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1828, ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ó›ÎËÛ·Ó ÔÈ ÂÏÏËÓÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ÚfiÎÚÈÌ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ‚fiÚÂÈ·˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. ∏ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ÎÔÈÓ‹ Ì ·˘Ù‹ Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ÛÙ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜.
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ∫·ÙÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ Î·ÏÔη›ÚÈ, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· Â›Ó·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ·Î·ÙÔ›ÎËÙÔ. ∂Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÈ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÂÈÛΤÙ˜ ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ·, Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ¿ÁÚÈ· ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ ÙÔ›Ô˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· §È‚·‰·Î›Ô˘ ∆Ô §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ (ÚÒËÓ ∞‚fiÚ·ÓË) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ Ì¤Û· Û ÂÏ·ÙÈ¿ ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜ (‹ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿), Ô˘ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ˆ˜ Ë ¡¢ ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ √͢¿, Û ̤ÚÔ˜ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Ô ‚ÔÚÈ¿˜ Î·È Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ¶·ÏÈ¿ ∞‚fiÚ·ÓË ‹ ∞̤ÏÈ· ÁÈ·Ù› ÂΛ ·ÓÙ¤¯ÂÈ Ôχ ÙÔ ÎÏ‹Ì·. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚÔ Ù˘ µ¢ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. ∏ ∞‚fiÚ·ÓË Â›Ó·È ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi. ∆Ô 1930 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠§È‚·‰¿ÎÈ (ÌÈÎÚfi §È‚¿‰È). ™ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ (∫Ô›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘) ¿Óˆ Û’ ¤Ó· ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ ÙÔÓ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÂÓÒ ·¤Ó·ÓÙ› Ù˘ ÛÙË ‚ÔÚÈÓ‹ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ë ∞Á›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ Ì ٷ Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Ù˘ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¯ÓÈÎfi Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ù˘. ∆Ô Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ Ï·Ù›·˜ Ê˘Ù‡ıËΠÛÙȘ 28 √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1940. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÎÏÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÔÈ ∞‚ÔÚ·Ó›Ù˜ ¤ÊÙÈ·Í·Ó Ó¤Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £ÂÛÙȤˆÓ ÛÙÔ ∞ÁÚ›ÓÈÔ Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¡¤· ∞‚fiÚ·ÓË. ÕÍÈ· ÌÓ›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ· ∫·Ó·‚›ÛÙÚ·, Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙ·Ê˘ÏÈÒÓ, fiÙ·Ó ˘‹Ú¯Â ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ Î·È ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚· Û˘ÓÔÓfiÌ·ÙË Ù˘ ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÙÈ·˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. ∆Ô §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ, ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔÓ ∞‚ÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ ∫·„·ÏfiÚÂÌ· Î·È ¡∞ ¿ÏÏ· ڤ̷ٷ Î·È ÙÂÏÈο ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Û Ôχ ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË, ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· ÁÈ· ÂΉÚÔ̤˜. ∆Ô “ÎÚÈ”, ÂÏ·ÙÈ¿˜ ÛÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, Ô ¶˘ÚÁÔ‡Ï˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ Î·È ÔÈ ∆ÚÂȘ µÚ‡Û˜, Â›Ó·È Î¿ÔÈ· ·fi Ù·
ÛËÌ›· Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈÛÎÂÊı› Ô ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹˜. ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ¶Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Ë ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÙˆÓ Â˙ÔÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘, ‡ÎÔϘ ‹ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ Û Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· Î·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ›·. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ (¶ÂÙÚˆÙfi) Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÏÈÓÔ‚›ÙË. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ‰È·ÚΛ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2 ÒÚ˜, Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË Î·È ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· Û ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ÌÈÎÚfi˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˜ ÛÙ¿Û˘ ı¤·˜ Î·È ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶·Ï·ÈÔ·Ú¿¯Ô‚· Ï›ÁÔ ÚÈÓ Êı¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ. ñ ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ·Ú¿¯Ô‚· Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ·fi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ∞fi ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯ˆÚÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ·fi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ·fi ‰ÚfiÌÔ, ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Î·È ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ì¤Û· ·fi ÁÎÚÂÌfi ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË Ï›ÌÓË, ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ï·È¿ οÛÙÚÔ Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÎÔÓÙ¿ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›·. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÛËÏȤ˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ “∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘ÚÔ˜” Ì Â˙ÔÔÚ›· 25 ÏÂÙÒÓ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÙˆÓ ™ÙÂÓÒÓ ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·˘Ù‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· 133
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙË §¿Ïη ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ñ ªÈÎÚÔ› ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ Ù˘ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓ˘. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ∫ˆÏ¤ÙÙ· Î·È ·fi ÂΛ Ì ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿ Î·È ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·˘Ù‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË Î·È Ù· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ Ì ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛË ·fi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ •ËÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Â›Ó·È ·Ú¯Èο ÛÙÔÓ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ - ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ •ËÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ Î·È ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Í·Ó·Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∫¿Ùˆ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ. ñ ¶ÂÚ›·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›·. ñ ¶ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙȘ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ µ·ı¿ÏˆÓ·, ÕÁÈÔÈ ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔÈ Î·È µÚÔ¯ÔÙ›Ó, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·ı·Úfi Î·È ‰ÚÔÛÂÚfi ÓÂÚfi. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙË °¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ ·fi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓÔ Ì ÈӷΛ‰Â˜. §›ÁÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÂȉÈο ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÓËÊÔÚÈ΋. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË Û˘ÚÌ¿-
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√ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ÂΉÚÔÌ‹ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∫·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿
ÙÈÓË Á¤Ê˘Ú· (ηڤÏÈ) ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. ñ ªÈÎÚÔ› ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Û ÔÏϤ˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ Á‡Úˆ ·fi fiÏ· Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, fiˆ˜ ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· Û ÎÔÓÙÈÓ¿ ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘ËÓÔÏ›ÌÓË, ÙÔ §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ∞ÏÔÁfi‚Ú˘ÛË Î·È ÛÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∫Ú˘ÛÙ·ÏϤÓÈ· ªÂÁ¿ÏË ‚Ú‡ÛË, Ô˘ ÂÚÈÎÏ›ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Î·È ÌÈ· ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ÛËÏÈ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ‚Á·›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi. √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· ¶ÔÏϤ˜ Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ ÔÈ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ Î·È Â‰Ò ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜. ∞fi ÙȘ ·Ó·‚¿ÛÂȘ Û ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ͯˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∞Ú‰›Ó˘ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∞ψӿÎÈ. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜. ñ √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› Î·È Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÁÂʇÚÈ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›‚·˜ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù˘ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ¿˜ Ù˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ‰ÈfiÙÈ Û ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ˘ÔÛÙ› ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ôχ ˆÚ·›· ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ Û ηÏÓÙÂÚ›ÌÈ ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ Î·È Ôχ ˆÚ·›· ı¤· Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹. ™˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ ‰Â ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ Ì ¤Ó· Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÙ› ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞¯Ï·‰fiηÛÙÚÔ. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰·ÛÈÎÒÓ ‰ÚfiÌˆÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ Ô‰ËÏ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ Î·È Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ ‰›Ï· ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ Î·È ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi
¶¤ÚÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÔ˘ ·fi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ì ı¤· ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÛÙËÓ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ·Ú¿¯ˆ‚· ·fi ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚· ÛÙËÓ ∫Ï¿ ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ·ÏÈÔ‡ ·گȷÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘. ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ¶Ôχ fiÌÔÚʘ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ¤Íˆ ·fi Ù· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ï¿ ÚÔ˜ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ›Ù ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË Î·È æËÏfi ™Ù·˘Úfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜. ñ ∞fi ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚· ÚÔ˜ æËÏfi ™Ù·˘Úfi. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË ÚÔ˜ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· Î·È ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜.
∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¡ÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÓ¤¯Ô˘ÚÔ
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÛÙ›·ÛË ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ, ÙËÓ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚· Î·È ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿. ∂›Û˘ ∆Ô Ã¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙ· ·ÓÔÈÎÙfi. ™Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌfiÓÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÔηÈÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜.
136
ÃÈÔÓÈṲ̂ӷ ÙÔ›· ÛÙ· ŸÚË Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜
°È· ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó Â‰Ò ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÎÛ˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹˜ Ù˘ Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·˜ ÛÙÔ ‰È·‰›ÎÙ˘Ô.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/1
06-04-09
10:23
™ÂÏ›‰·137
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ÕÏϘ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ ¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ¤Ó· ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ Ô›ÎËÌ· Ô˘ ȉڇıËΠÙÔ 1909, ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÙ·Ùڷ› Û ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÍÂÓÒÓ·.
∆ÔÈΤ˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ¤˜ ∞Á. ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ηÛÙ¿ÓÔ˘ ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔ ‰Âη‹ÌÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘ √ÙÒ‚ÚË „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Î¿ÛÙ·Ó· Î·È ÛÂÚ‚›ÚÔÓÙ·È ÙÔÈο ÁÏ˘Î¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔ˘Ù·ÏÈÔ‡ (ÎÚ¿Ó·, ηڢ‰¿ÎÈ, ÎÂÚ¿ÛÈ) Î·È ÙÔÈο Ê·ÁËÙ¿.
E¤Ó‰˘ÛË ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ∞π∆ø§π∞ ∞.∂. ÛÙÔÓ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ
137
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:45
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜
™ÂÏ›‰·2
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·3
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·* ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· °ÚËÁfiÚÈ ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ· ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· ∞Ó·‚Ú˘Ù‹ ∞ÛÚÈ¿ °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿ ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹ ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ ∫˘‰ˆÓ¤· §Â‡Î· §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ ¶fi‰Ô˜ ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·
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* ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1997 ·fi ÙȘ ÚÒËÓ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜, ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜, °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ô˘, ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘Û˘, ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ·˜ Î·È ∫Ú˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·.
139
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·4
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ °ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯·›Ô Ï·fi ÙˆÓ ∞Ô‰ÔÙÒÓ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Î·ÙÔÈÎÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙË ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ˘˜ √˙fiϘ §ÔÎÚÔ‡˜. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √∆∞. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ Î·È Î·Ù¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ BA ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È BA ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. ∆· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Î·È fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ Ì ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ºˆÎ›‰·˜. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘.
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÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ›Ô ·fi Ù· ŸÚË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜
ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ∂›Ó·È ÂÍ’ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜. °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈο ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ› Û ‰‡Ô ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù·: ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔ, (‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì·), ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘ (·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘), ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ù· ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù·: °Ú·Ì̤Ó˘ O͢¿˜, §Â‡Î·˜, M·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹˜, K˘‰ˆÓÈ¿˜, K·ÏÏÔÓ‹˜, EÏ·Ùfi‚Ú˘Û˘, °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ô˘, KÚ˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ, AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. TÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ, (ÓfiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì·), ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ÙÔÈο ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘˜ ‹ÙÔÈ: ¶fi‰Ô˘, K¿Ùˆ XÒÚ·˜, ÕÓˆ XÒÚ·˜, EÏ·ÙÔ‡˜, TÂÚ„Èı¤·˜, §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·˜, KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘, AÛÚÈ¿˜, KÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜, AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹˜, K·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘. ™ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ O͢¿ Ì ÙË „ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙËÓ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· (1.923 Ì.), ÙËÓ AÚ¤ÓÙ· (1.626 Ì.) Î·È ÙË °Ú›‚· ºÔÚ¿‰· (1.509 Ì.), Ô ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1.354 Ì.), TÛÂÎÔ‡Ú· (1.733 Ì.), AÚ‰›Ó˘ (1.699 Ì.) Ì ÙȘ ÚÔÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È Ù· ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜, Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜ Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ› ÙÔ˘ AÌÏÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˜ (K·„·Ïfi-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·5
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÚÂÌ·), ¶·ÏÔ˘ÎÔ‚›ÙÈÎÔ˜, ™ÈÙ›ÛÙ·˜, ZËÏ›ÛÙ·˜ (M¤Á· P¤Ì·), BÔÙÛ·˝ÙÈÎÔ˜ Î·È KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ Ì ٷ ·Ú·ÎÏ¿‰È· ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ T۷ηϿÎÈ (1.710 Ì.) M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜ (1.430 Ì.), OÌ¿ÏÈ· (1.656 Ì.) Ì ÙȘ ÚÔÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È Ù· ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ô KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜, Ô˘ Â‰Ò Ï¤ÁÂÙ·È ∫¿Îη‚Ô˜, Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô ÓfiÙÈÔ fiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ. ŸÏÔ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÙ·È ·fi ‰¿ÛË Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÔÈΛÏË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. µfiÚÂÈ· οÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈ Î·ÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Ù· ¤Ï·Ù·, ÔÈ Î¤‰ÚÔÈ Î·È ÔÈ ÔÍȤ˜ Î·È Û fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ÔÈ Á¿‚ÚÔÈ, Ù· ÊÈÏ›ÎÈ·, Ù· ÌÂÏÈÔ‡‰È·, ÔÈ ÎÔ˘Ì·ÚȤ˜, ÔÈ ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜, ÔÈ ·ÚȤ˜ ÎÙÏ. E›Û˘ Ë ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Ì ÙË ‰·ÛÈ΋, ı·ÌÓÒ‰Ë Î·È ÔÒ‰Ë ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· ·ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰·, Ù· ‚fiÙ·Ó· Î·È ·ÁÚÈfi¯ÔÚÙ· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· Î·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋. TÔ È‰ÈfiÙ˘Ô ÔÚÂÈÓfi Î·È ËÌÈÔÚÂÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ì ٷ ÔÏÏ¿ ‰¿ÛË Î·È ÓÂÚ¿ ¢ÓfiËÛ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜ Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ›‰Ë Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ, ¿ÁÚÈˆÓ ˙ÒˆÓ fiˆ˜ ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÙÔ ˙·Úο‰È, Ô Ï‡ÎÔ˜, Ë ·ÏÂÔ‡, Ô ·Û‚fi˜, Ô ·ÁÚÈfi¯ÔÈÚÔ˜, Ô ·ÁÚÈfiÁ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ ÎÔ˘Ó¿‚È, Ë Ó˘Ê›ÙÛ·, Ô ÛΛԢÚÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚÂÙ¿ fiˆ˜ Ê›‰È·, Û·‡Ú˜ Î·È ¯ÂÏÒÓ˜.
πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· √ ÙfiÔ˜ ηÙÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜. TÔ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ·Ú¯·›· ÂÚ›ȷ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ Û’ fiÏ· Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ·: EÏÏËÓÈο, M¿ÚÌ·Ú·, ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. B¤‚·È·, ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËηÓ, ¿ÏÏ· ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËηÓ. H ÁÂÓÈ΋ fï˜ Ù¿ÛË ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ Ô ÎfiÛÌÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÛٛ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÎÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Ó¤· ¯ˆÚÈ¿. ¶ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∞ÈÁ›ÙÈÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ Ë ı¤ÛË ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚ˆı›. ÕÏÏÔÈ ÌÂÓ ‰È·Ù˘ÒÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∫ÔÛÎÈÓ¿ Ù˘ ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡˜, ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ù˘ ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿ÌÔ Ù˘ §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·˜, ÂÓÒ ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÙÔ˘ °¿‚ÚÔ˘. ∏ ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û· fï˜ ¿Ô„Ë ÙÔ ÙÔÔıÂÙ› ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ Ù˘ ™ÙÚÔ‡˙·˜. ∏ ÚÒÙË Î·È Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∞ÈÁ›ÙÈÔ ·fi ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ËÁ‹ Â›Ó·È ÛÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 97 Ù˘ “£Ô˘Î˘‰›‰Ô˘ ™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹˜”. ™’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ Ô ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÔϤÌÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›· ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ Ì ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙÔ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi ¢ËÌÔÛı¤ÓË ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 426 .Ã., ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÈ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ› Ó›ÎËÛ·Ó fiˆ˜ Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô ¢ËÌÔÛı¤Ó˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ.
°ˆÓȤ˜ Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ ÛÙ· ÂÚ›¯ˆÚ· Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜
141
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·6
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ √È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ó¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÂ Ë ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛʇÁˆÓ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÒÓ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈÒÓ, fiˆ˜ ÔÈ ∫·Ó·‚·›ÔÈ, ·fi ÙËÓ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ÔÏË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔ˘˜, ›Ûˆ˜ Î·È ÈÔ ÚÈÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ºÚ¿ÁÎÔ˘˜ (1204).
º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ∫¿Îη‚Ô˘
142
ÕÔ„Ë ·fi Ù· ŸÚË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜
√‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Î·È ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - πÙ¤·˜, ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ‰È·ÎÏ·‰›˙ÂÙ·È. ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Î·È ∞Ó·‚Ú˘Ù‹. √ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ·ÊÔ‡ ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §fiË Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∞ÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ Î·È °¿‚ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. √ ›‰ÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜, ¯ˆÌ¿ÙÈÓÔ˜ ϤÔÓ, Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·. ™ÙËÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰È·ÎÏ¿‰ˆÛË Ô ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ, ·fi ÙË ·ÏÈ¿ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ì ÙÔ͈ٿ Ï¿ÁÈ· ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο, ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ·Ú¯Èο ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ¢‹ÌÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÌÔ‡ ºˆÎ›‰·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ∞˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÿÓÈ ƒ¤ÚÂÛÈ, 30 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∂‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ë ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ÂÓÒ Ë ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ì ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·7
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙË ºˆÎ›‰·. ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·. §›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ Î·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÃÚ‡ÛÔ‚Ô (√ÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¢. ¢. ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘), ∞ÛÚÈ¿ Î·È ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ù· ÂfiÌÂÓ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Â›Ó·È Ë ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤· Î·È Ë ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ √Ì¿ÏÈ·, 53 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ‰È·ÎÏ·‰›˙ÂÙ·È. √ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· Î·È 3,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿, Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ¿ÏÏË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ô˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ· Î·È ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ·. √ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·ÊÔ‡ ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·, 8 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿, ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶fi‰Ô˜, ÂÓÒ Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜
ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·. ™ÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ ÙˆÓ √Ì·Ï›ˆÓ, Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ °ÚËÁfiÚÈ, ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË, ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹, ∫˘‰ˆÓÈ¿, §Â‡Î· Î·È ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹. √ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ˘Ṳ̂ӷ ·˘Ù¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ¯ˆÌ¿ÙÈÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘. ∞fi ÙË §Â‡Î· ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙË °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿.
º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ∫¿Îη‚Ô˘
∏ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ù˘ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·˜; Î·È ·ÙÂÏ›ˆÙ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·8
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ·˘Ùfi ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ¡fiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘ TÔ K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ (ÚÒËÓ AÌfiÚ·ÓË) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ °ÔϤÌÈ. MÈ· Èı·Ó‹ ÂΉԯ‹ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· AÌfiÚ·ÓË Â›Ó·È Ó· ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ˘‰ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ (A-ÌÔÚ-·ÓË = ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ÓÂÚ¿, ˘‰ÚÔ‡Û·, ÓÂÚÔ‡Û·). TÔ 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ, ‰ÈfiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯·ÏÂÔ‡˜ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ›¯Â Î·È ·˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. TÔ K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. •·ÎÔ˘ÛÙ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÁÚÈ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ù· AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈη BÚ¿¯È·. TÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜ ÎfiÙÂÙ·È ·fiÙÔÌ· Î·È Û ÔÏÏ¿ ̤ÙÚ· ‚¿ıÔ˜ ·ÎÔ‡ÁÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ËÙfi ÙÔ˘ MfiÚÓÔ˘ Ô˘ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. A̤ۈ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ Ù· BÚ¿¯È· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù’ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË Ô˘ ÛÙ¤ÎÂÈ ÂΛ ‚ÈÁÏ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ ·fi Ù¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1990. ™Â ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÔÈ ¢Ò‰Âη AfiÛÙÔÏÔÈ ÛÙ· ÚÈ˙¿ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ K¿ÛÙÚÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ·ÈÙˆ-
144
∆Ô ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‰Â ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· Ì ÙË ¢ˆÚ›‰·
ÏÈÎÔ‡ Ê˘Ï·Î›Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Â Ù· ÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·. ™ÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. ™ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙ¤ÎÂÈ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜, ÌÈÎÚfi˜, ÏÈÙfi˜, ÌÔÓfi¯ˆÚÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ Ì ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹ ÛÙ¤ÁË. MÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ Ì ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ KÔ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘. Y‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829 Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙËÓ ‹Ú ηٿ ÙÔ 1900. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÔÈË̤ÓÔ Ì ÙËÓ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›·, Î·È ÙÔÓ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚ÈÔ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Î·È ÙȘ ‰ÚÔÛÂÚ¤˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜. Afi ÙÔÓ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË Ô˘ ÌÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ‚›ÁÏ·, ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÂÔÙ‡ÔÓÙ·È fiÏ· Ù· ÎÚËÛʇÁÂÙ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜: Ë KÈ¿Ê·, Ë ¢Ú·ÎfiÙÚ˘·, ÙÔ K¿ÛÙÚÔ, Ë AÂÙÔʈÏÈ¿. °Ú·ÊÈÎfi˜ Ô ¶Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹, fiÔ˘ ÊÈÏfiÍÂÓÔ˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙˆÓ AÁ›ˆÓ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È EϤÓ˘ Û ·ÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚfi ̤ÚÔ˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÚÔ Ì ÙËÓ AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹ Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·. ¶ÏËÛ›ÔÓ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È Î·È ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ “TÔ˘ ¶·ÙÚÔÎÔÛÌ¿ Ë Ï¿Î·” fiÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Î‹Ú˘ÍÂ Ô ¶·ÙÚÔÎÔÛÌ¿˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ K·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙ· ÁÂʇÚÈ·. TÔ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ Ô˘ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÔÏ˘ıÚ‡ÏËÙÔ Ó·˘·ÎÙÔ-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·9
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ‰ˆÚÈÎfi ÁÂʇÚÈ ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ, ÙÔ ÌÔÓfiÙÔÍÔ KÂÊ·ÏÔÁÈfiÊ˘ÚÔ, Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‰Â ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· Ì ÙË ¢ˆÚ›‰·. TÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ TÚ·ÓfiÚÂÌ· (°Ú·ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ˜ ‹ °ÚÈ¿˜ P¤Ì·) Î·È Û˘Ó¤‰Â ÙË NfiÙÈ· N·˘·ÎÙ›· Ì ÙËÓ AÔ‰ÔÙ›·. Afi Â‰Ò ÂÚÓÔ‡Û·Ó Î·È fiÛÔÈ Î·Ù¢ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ÚÔ˜ KÂÊ·ÏÔÁÈfiÊ˘ÚÔ - B·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚· - TÚ›ÎÔÚÊÔ. TÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1883 ηٷ¯ÒıËÎÂ Î·È ÙÔ 1906 Ì 1907 ¤ÁÈÓ ÙÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓ ÌÔÓfiÙÔÍÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ. ™ÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ (ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· AÓıfiÊ˘ÙÔ˘) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ AÔ‰ÔÙ›·˜ (ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· K·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ °ÔϤÌÈ). TÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˜ (‹ ºÔÓÈÔڤ̷ٷ). KÙ›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1900 Ì ̷˘ÚÔÏ›ı·ÚÔ Ô˘ ‹Ú·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Î·È ÎÂÚ¤ÙÛÈ. E›Ó·È ÌÔÓfiÙÔÍÔ Ì ¯·ÌËψ̤ÓÔ ÙfiÍÔ Û ¤Ó· ÙÔ›Ô ÔÓÂÈÚ҉˜. TÔ ÁÈÔʇÚÈ ¤ÓˆÓ ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ AÛÚÈ¿ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ AÔ‰ÔÙ›·˜. TÔ Ù¤Ù·ÚÙÔ Â›Ó·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶Ô˘Ú›, ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ KÔ˘ÙÚÔ˘Ì‹ P¤Ì·. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ÂÁÎÈ‚ˆÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û Û΢Úfi‰ÂÌ·. T¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ̇ÏÔÈ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÛÙÔ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì·. O ¤Ó·˜, Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ·, ÛÙ·Ì¿ÙËÛ ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ 1998 Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÛÙÔ ¶Ô˘Ú›, ÛÙË MËÏÈ¿, ÛÙȘ ™˘ÎȤ˜ Î·È ÛÙË ºÔÓÙ¿Ó·. ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÎÚËÛʇÁÂÙÔ Ë KÈ¿Ê·, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ Î˘ÓËÁË̤ÓÔÈ ¤‚ÚÈÛÎ·Ó Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È Ô Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙ˘ ÛÙË ºÔÓÙ¿Ó·. ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ °ÔϤÌÈ. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˘, Û ˘„fiÌ. 600 Ì., ÂÓÒ ÙÔ K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿. H ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÚԤ΢„ ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ÁÔϤÌ˘ (= ÌÂÁ·ÏfiÛˆÌÔ˜, ۈ̷Ù҉˘). EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ MÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒÛˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ (1950 /
51). K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ô ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1855. EÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ Ë ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‰fiÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ °ÔÏÂÌ›Ô˘ Î·È Â› ÙÔ˘ ‚·ÙÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÙÔ X¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ ZÔÚÌ¿. ¶·ÏÈfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ T·Ú¿ÙÛ˜ (MÔ˘ÎÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÈη) Ï›ÁÔ ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÙÔ˘ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÙÔ˘ fi¯ıË. ∂Ù˘ÌÔÏÔÁÈο MÔ˘ÎÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÈη ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÙÚȉˆÓ˘ÌÈÎfi ¶ÔÎÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˜ (¶ÔΛÛÙ·) Î·È T·Ú¿ÙÛ˜ ·fi ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙˆÓ Úfi¯ÂÈÚˆÓ Î·ÙÔÈÎÈÒÓ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞Ó·‚Ú˘Ù‹˜ H AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹ (ÚÒËÓ BÂÙÔ„›ÛÙ· BÈÙÔ„›ÛÙ·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˘˜. MÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1928 Û AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹, ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ Ô˘ ·Ó·‚Ú‡˙Ô˘Ó. MÂÙÚÔ‡Ó 32 ËÁ¤˜. TÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ· ÛÙËÓ ¶·Ó·Á›·. TÔ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Â›Ó·È ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Û ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ. ∞fi ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê· ·Ú·ÙËÚԇ̠¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌËÙÚÈ·ÎÒÓ (ÛÈÙ¿ÚÈ, ÎÚÈı¿ÚÈ, ‚Ú›˙·) ›¯Â ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Û ÌÂÙ¿ÍÈ ÙÔ 1829. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ÏÂοÓË ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˜, ™‡ÚÙ· Î·È M·ÎÚÈ¿ P¿¯Ë Ì ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ KÂÓÙÚÈ΋, AÛÚÈ¿ Î·È K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ AÓ‰ÚÈ‚ÚÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ, ÙÔÓ BÈÙÔ„ÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÈÎÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ AÛÚÈÒÙÈÎÔ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ ÔÙ·Ìfi. EÔ̤ӈ˜ Î·È Â‰Ò ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È· Î·È fiÛÙڷη Ô˘ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË AÁÏ·ÓÙ›ÓÈ· Ï›Á· ̤ÙÚ· ·fi ÙÔÓ AÓÙÚÈ‚ÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÌÓËÌ›Ô, ¤Ó· Û‹Ï·ÈÔ, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¢Ú·ÎfiÙÚ˘·. TÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ÙÔ ‰È·ÚÚ¤ÂÈ ¤Ó· ˘fiÁÂÈÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ï›ÌÓ˜ Î·È ÏÈÌÓԇϘ Î·È ‰È·ÎÔÛÌÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Ì ۿÓÈÔ˘˜ ÛÙ·Ï·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ÛÙ·Ï·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· Û¿ÓÈ· 145
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ·ÛÙÚ·ÊÙÂÚ‹ ÌÔÚÊ‹. ∆Ô Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi ·fi ÙÔ 1969 Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÍÂÚ¢ÓËı› Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 1.600 Ù.Ì. Û ̋ÎÔ˜ ‰È·‰ÚfiÌˆÓ 550 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘. £ÂˆÚÂ›Ù·È Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ·Í›·˜ ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÔχÏÔÎˆÓ ‰È·‰ÚfiÌˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Û¿ÓÈ·˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ·ÛÙÚ·ÊÙÂÚfi ÎÚ˘ÛÙ¿ÏÏÈÓÔ ‰È¿ÎÔÛÌÔ. ¢˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ fï˜ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ Â›Ó·È ÂÈÛΤ„ÈÌÔ ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ÂȉÈÎÔ‡˜. T¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ̇ÏÔÈ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ı¤ÏÂÈ Ó· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ηٿ ÙËÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· Î·È Ì·ÚÔ˘ÙfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜. H AÓ·‚Ú˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È fiÌÔÚÊÔ Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ÓÂfiÎÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ· Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ¤ÙÚ·. E›Û˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È Ë ·ÏÈ¿ ‚Ú‡ÛË Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. ™Ù¤ÌÌ· Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ “KÚÈ”, ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÔÈΛÏ˘ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘. KÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙË ÛÎÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜, Ì ÙËÓ ÙÚ·ÁÔ˘‰ÈṲ̂ÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË Î·È ÙÔ ÊËÌÈṲ̂ÓÔ ¯¿ÓÈ Ù˘, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ‰ÈÂÍfi‰Ô˘˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏ¿ÙÚ˜ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ¤˜. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ (1891) Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‰fiÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi˜. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ (1847). °Ú·ÊÈο Â›Ó·È Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·: ZˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˜ ¶ËÁ‹, Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘, ÕÁÈÔ˜ KÔÛÌ¿˜ Ô AÈÙˆÏfi˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË °Ï·˜ (= ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜) Î·È ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ ÛÙ· ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·. ™ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· KÔηÏÈ¿Ú˜, ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Ô Õ˚ X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜.
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∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·˜ H §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ ¡∞ Ï¢ڤ˜ Ù˘ M·ÎÚÈ¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜ (1.114 Ì.). ™ÙË ı¤ÛË K¿ÌÔ˜, ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË, Ë ÔÔ›· ·fi οÔÈÔ˘˜ ˘Ô‰Â›¯ÙËΠˆ˜ Èı·Ó‹ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ AÈÁÈÙ›Ô˘. H Ô›ÎËÛË Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Û˘Ó¯›ÛıËÎÂ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜, fiÔ˘ Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙˆÓ Ó·ÒÓ AÁ›Ô˘ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È AÁ›Ô˘ ™˘Ú›‰ˆÓÔ˜ Î·È ÔÈÎÈÒÓ. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËÎÂ Î·È ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó Î·ÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfiÛÈÙ· Î·È ÙË ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈ΋ K¿Ùˆ BÚ‡ÛË. E‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â Ô Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔÈ T·Íȿگ˜ Ô˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‹Ù·Ó MÂÙfi¯È Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ Ù˘ B·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜ Î·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘, fiÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÎÔÈÌËÙ‹ÚÈÔ. H ÌÂٷΛÓËÛË ·fi Ù· ¶·ÏÈfiÛÈÙ· ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ı¤ÛË Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ¤ÁÈÓ ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ E·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË. H §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ú·ÛÌ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ N·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È ÙË ¢ˆÚ›‰· ηÈ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ûʇ˙ÂÈ ·fi ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. H Ï·Ù›· Ì ÙÔÓ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚ÈÔ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ, Ë ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË, Ë ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹, Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛΤÙË Î·È ÙÔ ‰ÈÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓÔ, ÙÔ ·ÙÂÏ›ˆÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Î·ıÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¿ÍÈÔ Â›Û΄˘ Î·È ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘. O EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ¶·Ì̤ÁÈÛÙÔÈ T·ÍÈ¿Ú¯·È Â›Ó·È ÙÚ›ÎÏÈÙË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ (1866). EÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÙÚÂȘ ·ÚÈÛÙÔ˘ÚÁËÌ·ÙÈο Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ ÛÙË ı‡Ú· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡. X·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Â›Ó·È Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·. ™ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ï·È¿ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ¢¤ËÛȘ Ù˘ ‰Ô‡Ï˘ ÙÔ˘ £ÂÔ‡ T·ÛÈԇϷ˜ AÓÙˆÓ›Ô˘ K·Ó·‚Ô‡. H §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· ‹Ù·Ó ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ. O ·Ú¯ÈÚÔÂÛÙfi˜ AÓÙÒÓ˘ K·Ó·‚fi˜ ÛÎÔÙÒıËΠÙÔ 1828, fiÓÙ·˜ ·È¯Ì¿ÏˆÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ TÔ‡ÚΈÓ. EÙ¿ ̇ÏÔÈ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. Afi ÙË §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· ηٿÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ·Ô‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡ °È¿ÓÓË ∫ÔÚ‰¿ÙÔ˘.
ÓÙ¿Ì ے fiÏ· Ù· ÁÓˆÛÙ¿ ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. ™ÙÔ XÚ›ÛÔ‚Ô ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ·ÏÈfi˜ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ M¿Úˆ, ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ Î·È Ë ™ˆÙ‹Úˆ (˘„ÔÌ. 400 Ì.) Ô˘ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. ™ÙÔ KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829. •·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1876 Î·È ÙÔ 1950. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂÚ›‚ÏÂÙË ı¤ÛË Ô˘ ÙË ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó “M·ÏÎfiÓÈ” ÙÔ˘
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ TÔ KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ (ÚÒËÓ N›Û‚·ÚÈ ‹ N›Û‚·Ú˘ ‹ N›Û‚·ÚË) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ M·ÎÚ˘¿ P¿¯Ë. ∆Ô ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ™ˆÙ‹Úˆ Î·È EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ· Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË fiϘ ÔÈ Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁ‹ÛÈ̘ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ ›¯·Ó ÂÚȤÏıÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÔÚfiÎÚÈÙÔ K˘Ú AÓÙÒÓË K·Ó·‚fi. OÈ ı¤ÛÂȘ O¯˘Ú¿ Î·È T·ÌÔ‡ÚÈ· ÛÙ· ˘„ÒÌ·Ù· Ù˘ M·ÎÚ˘¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ Ì¿¯Â˜ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È ÚÔ ·˘Ù‹˜. TÔ XÚ›ÛÔ‚Ô ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ Î·È ÛÙ· ¡¢ ÙÔ˘ KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘, Î·È ·fi ÙÔ 1912 Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ ÙÔ˘, ÛÙȘ ¡¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ M·ÎÚ˘¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜ Û ˘„fiÌ. 670 Ì. ¶ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1912 ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û ·˘ÙÔÙÂÏ‹ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ AÔ‰ÔÙ›·˜ Î·È ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1836 Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ. TÔ Û˘Ó·∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ÛÙÔ XÚ›ÛÔ‚Ô Ô˘ “ANE™KEYA™£H EK £EME§IøN TO 1909”. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏËÛÈ¿ ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ AÛÚÈ¿, KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ, §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· Û ˘„fiÌ. 1.029 Ì. ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ù˘ M·ÎÚ˘¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏËÛÈ¿, ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ¿ÎÌ·˙ ÙÔ 1698. E›Û˘ ·ÍÈÔÌÓËÌfiÓ¢ÙÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ XÚÈÛfi‚Ô˘. O ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰È¿ÎÔÛÌÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È Û 4 ÂÔ¯¤˜ Ì ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚË ÙÔ˘ 1270. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ·fi ÙȘ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÊÈÂڈ̤ÓÔ ÛÙË MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ (™ˆÙ‹Úˆ ‹ ™ˆÙ‹Ú·). ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÛÚÈ¿˜ H AÛÚÈ¿, fiˆ˜ ÙË Ï¤Ó ٷ ›ÛËÌ· ‚È‚Ï›·, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ ÙË Ï¤Ó Û ·ÚÛÂÓÈÎfi Á¤ÓÔ˜ Ô AÛÚÈ¿˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙË M·ÎÚ˘¿ P¿¯Ë (1.114 Ì.) Î·È Ù˘ ÏÔÊÒ‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·Û‹˜ Ù˘, Ù˘ AÂÙfiÂÙÚ·˜. H ¢ڇÙÂÚË ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ M·ÎÚ˘¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜, Ù˘ ™‡ÚÙ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ M·ÎÚ‡ÔÚÔ˘˜ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ AÓ‰ÚÈ‚ÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ, ÙÔÓ BÈÙÔ„ÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÈÎÔ, Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ, ÂÓÒ Ô AÛÚÈÒÙÈÎÔ˜ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ·˘Ùfi˜ ÛÙÔÓ AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ.
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EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÚÒÈÌ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ· Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. ™Â ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ fiˆ˜ ÔÈ Ï·ÎÔ¤Ӊ˘ÙÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ÛÙË ™Î·ÏfiÚ·¯Ë, ÛÙË §·ÎÎԇϷ, ÛÙ· EÏÏËÓÔÌÓ‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡. T· ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË §·ÎÎԇϷ, ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Ú·‰ÈÔ¯ÚÔÓÔÏfiÁËÛË, ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ËÏÈΛ· 2.000 ÂÙÒÓ ÂÚ›Ô˘. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfiϷη ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÈ Ï›ıÔÈ, ÛÙËÓ AÚÁ·ÛÙ·ÚÈ¿ Î·È ÛÙË MËÏÈ·ÓÔ‡ ·ÁÓ‡ı˜ (‚·Ú›‰È· ·ÚÁ·ÏÂÈÔ‡). ™ÙËÓ AÚÁ·ÛÙ·ÚÈ¿ (ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ‹ ¿ÚÁ·ÛÌ· ‰ÂÚÌ¿ÙˆÓ) ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÙÚ· Û¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÔÚıÔÁÒÓÈÔ˘ Ì ‰˘Û·Ó¿ÁÓˆÛÙ· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ¿ÊıÔÓ· ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ (1.029 Ì.) Ù˘ MÂÁ¿Ï˘ P¿¯Ë˜ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·, KÔÎÎÈÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È AÛÚÈ¿ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ ¶·ÏÈÔÂÎÎÏËÛÈ¿ ·fi Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ Ó·Ô‡ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÂΛ. ¶ÂÚ› Ù· 40 Ì. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÔÁÎ҉˘ ¤ÙÚ· Ì ¯·Ú·Á̤ÓÔ ÛÙ·˘Úfi, fiˆ˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¿ÏϘ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚˆÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Ë Ì›· ʤÚÂÈ ÛÙ·˘Úfi, Ë ‰Â ¿ÏÏË ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·Á̤ÓË ÙË Ï¤ÍË XPY™TOY. H ¶·ÏÈÔÂÎÎÏËÛÈ¿, Û˘Ó‰˘·˙fiÌÂÓË Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ AÛÙÚÔ‚›ÙÛ·˜ AÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ (1698), Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙË “MÔÓ‹ Ù˘ K˘Ú›·˜ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÌÂÓ˘ M·ÎÚÈ¿˜ P¿¯Ë˜”. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ K·Ù·Ê‡‰È Û ÂÚ›ÔÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ›ȷ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ë ı¤ÛË Ï¤ÁÂÙ·È ¶·ÏÈÔÌÔÓ¿ÛÙËÚÔ. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ Ô˘ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ÎÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ 1955 Û ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡ (1847) Ô˘ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó 100 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ̤ÙÚ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡. N·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ. °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1802. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ·ÚÂÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ· Ì ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ 1832, 1890 Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÁÚ·ÊÈο ̤ÚË. ™ÙËÓ ∞ÛÚÈ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. Ë ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ Û ϷÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÌÔ˘Û›Ô.
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ H KÂÓÙÚÈ΋ (ÚÒËÓ AÓ‰Ú›‚ÈÛÙ· AÓ‰Ú›‚ÈÙÛ· - AÓ‰ÚÔ‚›ÛÙ·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ T۷ηϿÎÈ, ™‡ÚÙ· Î·È M·ÎÚÈ¿ P¿¯Ë. ∂›Ó·È ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÊÔ‡ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ú¯Èο ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈfi ¡∞ ·fi ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. ™Â οÔÈ· ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙË ™ÂÏfiÚ·¯Ë Î·È ·ÏÏÔ‡ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ›ıÔÈ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ·Ú¯·›· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· (‰fiÚ˘, ‰·ÎÙ‡ÏÈÔÓ Ì ¯·Ú·Á̤ÓÔ ‰fiÚ˘ ÎÙÏ). E›Û˘ ÛÙÔ ˙¢ÁÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ ™¤ÏÔ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó Ì ÙË ÌÂÙ·ÍÔ˘ÚÁ›· (1829). H AÓ‰Ú›‚ÈÙÛ· ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1928 Û KÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›·. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓÔ Û ÁÚ·-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÊÈΤ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁȤ˜ Î·È ÛÙÂʷӈ̤ÓÔ ·fi ¤Ó· ‰·ÛˆÌ¤ÓÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ·fi ¤Ï·Ù·, ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜ Î·È ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰Ú·, ÂÓÒ ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ AÓ‰ÚÈ‚ÈÙÛÈÒÙÈÎÔ Ô˘ ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÔÚ›· Î¿Ô˘ 2 ¯ÏÌ. Û˘Ó·ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È Ì ÙÔ BÈÙÔ„ÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË M¿ÓÂÛË Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ Ï¤ÔÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ù·È Ô AÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˜ ÔÙ·Ìfi˜. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó 3 ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÎÂÓÙÚÈΤ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜, ÙÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ™¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Ô˘ ϤÔÓ ‰ÂÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›, Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1873 Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈÛı› ¤ÎÙÔÙÂ, Ë KÔ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (1925), ÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ T·Íȿگ˜ ÛÙÔ K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1966, Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ (1965) ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ™¤ÏÔ˜ (= ¯ˆÚÈfi) Î·È Ô Õ˚ §È¿˜ (1958) Û ÂÏ·ÙfiÊ˘ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·˜ H TÂÚ„Èı¤· (ÚÒËÓ BÈÙÔÏ›ÛÙ· BÂÙÔÏ›ÛÙ·) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ KÂÚ·ÛÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (TÚÈÙÛÔ‚¿ ¢ÚÈÙÛÔ‚¿ - TÚ›ÎÔ‚Ô). TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· οو ·fi ÙÔÓ ÙÚÈÁˆÓÔÂȉ‹ ÏfiÊÔ AÏ·Ù·Ú¤˜, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘ Ô £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˜. ¶›Ûˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ·Ó·‚χ˙ÂÈ ÙÔ KÂÊ·Ïfi‚Ú˘ÛÔ §›· Î·È Ë Á‡Úˆ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ˆ˜ §›Â˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, ·ÊÔ‡ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·.
150
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MÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1927 Û PˆÌË¿ Î·È ÙÔ 1928 Û TÂÚ„Èı¤· (٤ڄȘ + ı¤·). TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·, µ∞ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, fiÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·Ê›Ô. ™ÙËÓ ·ÁÚÔÙÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛı› ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. M¿ÏÈÛÙ·, ÙȘ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ÙȘ ·Ô‰›‰Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi AÈÁ›ÙÈÔÓ. H TÂÚ„Èı¤· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ·. ¢È·ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·È., Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ Ï·˚ο ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈο ÌÓËÌ›·. ™ÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÏÈıfiÛÙÚˆÙË Ï·Ù›·, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ¶ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÌÈ· ÂÚ›Ù¯ÓË ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ·ÈˆÓfi‚ÈÔ˜ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜. ¶ÈÔ ¿Óˆ Âͤ¯ÂÈ Ô ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ·ÓÂÁ›ÚÂÙ·È ÙÔ 1913 Î·È ·ÔÂÚ·ÙÒıËΠÙÔ 1932. ™ÙÔÓ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË, ÚÔ˚fiÓ ¤ÌÓ¢Û˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ ÏÈıÔÍfiÔ˘. TÔ ÙÔ›Ô Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó Ô ‚·ı‡ÛÎÈÔ˜ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ Û·ı¿ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÙÔ. MÈ· ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÛοϷ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¿ÚÎÔ ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙÔÌÒÓ, fiÔ˘ ÙÈÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ TÂÚ„Èı¿Ù˜: Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ §·˙·ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ È·ÙÚfi˜, Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ ºÈÓÈÓ‹˜ ÔÏÈÙÈÎfi˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÎfi˜ Î·È NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ MËÙÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ È·ÙÚfi˜ Ô˘ ‚Ô‹ıËÛ·Ó ÔÈÎÈÏÔÙÚfiˆ˜ ÙË ÁÂÓ¤ÙÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È fiÏË ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ∞fi ÙËÓ ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤· ›Û˘ ηٿÁÔÓÙ·Ó Ô ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi˜ ∫ˆÓ. ¢. ™Î·ÚÏ¿ÙÔ˜ (1871-1961) ÔÏ˘ÌÈÔӛ΢ ÛÙË ÌÂÛÔÏ˘ÌÈ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓÒÓ ÙÔ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜
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͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (1864) Ì ·ÏȤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜, Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ Ô ¶Úfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ (1848), Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˜ ÛÙȘ AÏ·Ù·ÚȤ˜ (1976) Û ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛȉ›Ô˘ Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ¿ÏÏ·. AÚÎÂÙÔ› ÔÈ Ì‡ÏÔÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ K·ÚÔ‡˜ Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· Ô˘ ÂÎÌÂÙ·ÏχÔÓÙ·Ó Ù· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ËÁÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ. AÎfiÌ· ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÂÙڿψӷ Î·È ‚Ú‡Û˜ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ™ÙËÓ ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤·, ÛÙ· ̤۷ ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ “•ÂÊÏÔ˘‰›ÛÈ·” fiÔ˘ ·Ó·‚ÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¤ıÈÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ÍÂÊÏÔ˘‰›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ï·ÌÔÎÈÒÓ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ Î·È ¯ÔÚfi˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡˜ H EÏ·ÙÔ‡ (ÚÒËÓ EÏÂÙÛÔ‡) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛ˘ÛÙ¿‰·˜ Ù˘ OÌ¿ÏÈ·˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ KÂÚ·ÛÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (1.694 Ì.), ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ÚÔÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÛÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ °ÂڷοÚË Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο ÛÙȘ ¶ÂÙÚÔÌ¿Ó˜. ™˘ÓÔÚ‡ÂÈ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ì ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜, ∞ÏÂÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜, ·fi Ù· ÔÔ›· ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ∞Ú¤ÓÙ·. ™Ù· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ πÏ·ÙÛ› ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ Ë EÏ·ÙÔ‡ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ú¯Èο ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ· ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ¶·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Î¿ËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ TÔ‡ÚÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ 1820, ÔfiÙÂ
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1906 Î·È Ô Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·˜ ÂÈıˆÚËÙ‹˜ ¢ËÌ. π. ∫ÔÓÙÔÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘. ¶ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ “¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi K¤ÓÙÚÔ TÂÚ„Èı¤·˜”, fiÔ˘ ÂÎÙ›ıÂÙ·È ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ Î·È Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹. ¢›Ï· ·fi ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ˜ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi˜ •ÂÓÒÓ·˜. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ù·
§·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘Û›Ô
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1829) ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. ™ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· AψӿÎÈ ÓfiÙÈ· Ù˘ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›·˜ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ MÓ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Ù¿ÊˆÓ ·fi Ï·ÍÂ˘Ù¤˜ ¤ÙÚ˜. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚË ı¤ÛË KÔÛÎÈÓ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÒıËÛ οÔÈÔ˘˜ Ó· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›ÍÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Â‰Ò Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô AÈÁ›ÙÈÔ. TÔ ›‰ÈÔ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· Ù· ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈο ¯ˆÚÈ¿ §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·, TÂÚ„Èı¤·. ŸÌˆ˜ ÙÔ “ÎÏÂȉ›” ›ӷÈ, Â¿Ó ÔÈ AıËÓ·›ÔÈ ¤Ú·Û·Ó ÙÔ ¢¿ÊÓÔ (MfiÚÓÔ). E¿Ó Ó·È, ÙfiÙ Ϸ̂¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ˆ˜ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· fiÙÈ Ë ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÈ· ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi K¿ÌÔ˜ ‹ ÛÙÔ §˘ÎÔ¯ÒÚÈ (T›¯ÈÔÓ), fiˆ˜ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ Ë ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ¤Ú¢ӷ, ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ì ӷ ÙÔÔıÂÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔ KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÛÙË §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ·, ÙÔ T›¯ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ TÂÚ„Èı¤· Î·È ÙÔ AÈÁ›ÙÈÔ ÛÙËÓ EÏ·ÙÔ‡. XˆÚ›˜ fï˜ ·Ó·ÛηÊÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ηӤӷ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·ÈÔ˜. H EÏ·ÙÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÓÈÁ̤ÓË ÛÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ, Ô ÂÏ·ÙÈ¿˜ ÂÓ·ÏÏ¿ÛÛÂÙ·È Ì ÙȘ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, Ù· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, ÙȘ ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë, Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙˆÓ ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚˆÓ. Afi ÙÔ NÂÚ¿˚‰¿ÏˆÓÔ ÙÔ˘ KÂÚ·ÛÔ‚Ô˘ÓÈÔ‡ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂÙ·È Ô ÛÙÚ·ÙÔÎfiÔ˜ ÙËÓ Âȉ˘ÏÏȷ΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ Î·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ٷ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÙÔ˘ Û›ÙÈ·.
152
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¶ÂÚÈηÏÏ‹˜ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ MÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒÛˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜ (1866), ÁÚ·ÊÈο Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ Û ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ Û’ fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. H ZˆÔ‰fi¯Ô˜ ¶ËÁ‹ (¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿) ÛÙȘ K·Ì¿Ú˜ (·Ú¯¤˜ 20Ô˘ ·È. ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1995), Ë AÁ›· ™ÔÊ›·, Ô Õ˚ §È·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ OÌ¿ÏÈ·˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· fiÚıÈ· ‹ ÂÚÂȈ̤ӷ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙÈ Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. E›Û˘ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ (1950), (ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi Û˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ, ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔÏ·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ Î·È ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË), ÔÈ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙ˜ Ï·Ù›˜, ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ¶ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÍÂÓÔ‰Ô¯Â›Ô˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “P¿¯Ë A̤ÏÈ·” Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ÚfiÛˆÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ÌÂÙ·‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Û ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ı¤ÚÂÙÚÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜ H ÕÓˆ XÒÚ· (ÚÒËÓ MÂÁ¿ÏË ‹ ÕÓˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿) Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊ‹˜ ™‡ÚÙ· (1.460 Ì.) Ù˘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜. ¡¢ Ù˘ ™‡ÚÙ·˜ Î·È Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 2 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ˆÚÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ∆۷ηϿÎÈ Ì ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 1714 Ì. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ù˘ ªÂÁ¿Ï˘ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ∞˘Áfi Î·È ∆ÚÈÙÛÔ‚¿ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ·‰ÂÚʤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ √Ì¿ÏÈ· Î·È ¡ÂÚ·˚‰¿ÏˆÓÔ Ì ˘„fiÌÂÙÚ· 1612 Î·È 1708Ì. ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ¶Ôχ ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ 1454 ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚÈfi §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ï˯ÒÚÈ· (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·) ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙË °ÂÚÔÓÙÔηڢ¿ (‹ °ÂÚÔÓÙÔηڢ¤˜) Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÂÚ›Ô˘ 3 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÕÓˆ XÒÚ· Î·È Û ˘„fiÌ. 700 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘. OÈ ‰‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ §ÔÌÔÙÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì·. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ™›ÓË ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ηٿÏÔÈ· Ù›¯Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÛÙË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ T›¯Ë Î·È Ù¿ÊÔÈ Ì ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ Ï·Í¢ÙÔ‡˜ Ï›ıÔ˘˜. H ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·17
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ· Î·È ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ™ÈÓfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ Â΂¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙÔ §ÔÌÔÙÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì·. ÕÚ· Â‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜. ∞fi Ù· ¶·Ï˯ÒÚÈ· ÏÔÈfiÓ, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ë §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ë ¶¤Ú· §ÔÌÔÙ›Ó· Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ë ÕÓˆ XÒÚ· Î·È ÙÂÏÈο Ì ÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆÙÈ΋ ÂÁηٿÏÂÈ„Ë Ù˘ ÚÒÙ˘ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿˜ (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·) ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ§ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿. Ÿˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÛÈÎfi, ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓÈ·›· §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ÚԤ΢„Â Î·È Ë K¿Ùˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿. H MÂÁ¿ÏË ‹ ÕÓˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ÙËÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÚÔ‹ÏıÂ Î·È ¤Ó·˜ A˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·˜. MÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„Ë Ù˘ ¶fiÏ˘ ÙÔ 1204 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ºÚ¿ÁÎÔ˘˜ ÔÏϤ˜ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ Î·Ù¤Ê˘Á·Ó Û ·ÛʷϤÛÙÂÚ· ̤ÚË. TÔ‡ÙÔ Û˘Ó¤‚Ë Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ÕψÛË Ù˘ ¶fiÏ˘ ÙÔ 1453. ¶fiÙ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ÂÁηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ ÛÙ· KÚ¿‚·Ú·, ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔȯ›· ÁÈ· Ó· ›̷ÛÙ ‚¤‚·ÈÔÈ. ¶¿ÓÙˆ˜ Û ¤ÁÁڷʘ ËÁ¤˜ ··ÓÙÈÒÓÙ·È ÔÈ ∫·Ó·‚·›ÔÈ ÛÙ· KÚ¿‚·Ú· ÙÔ 1739. TÔ ‚¤‚·ÈÔ fï˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ‹Û·Ó ÚÔÂÛÙÒÙ˜ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û' ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ E·Ú¯›· KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ. X¿ÚȘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ K·Ó·‚·›Ô˘˜, Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ˆÌÈÛı› Ù· ¤ÍÔ‰·, ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ÛÙËÓ ÎˆÌfiÔÏË Ë ÂÚ›ÊËÌË ™¯ÔÏ‹ Ù˘ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿˜, Ô˘ ›¯Â ‰‡Ô Û¯ÔÏ›·: AÏÏËÏԉȉ·ÎÙÈÎfiÓ Î·È
¢Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜
ªÂÚÈ΋ ÕÔ„Ë Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:46
™ÂÏ›‰·18
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ EÏÏËÓÈÎfiÓ. OÈ K·Ó·‚·›ÔÈ fï˜ ˘¤ÛÙËÛ·Ó ÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË ÙÔ˘ 1800 Ì 1801 ‰ÈˆÁÌfi ·fi ÙÔÓ AÏË·Û¿ Î·È ·Ó·ÁοÛıËÎ·Ó Ó· ηٷʇÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ A›ÁÈÔ Î·È Ë ™¯ÔÏ‹ ¤ÎÏÂÈÛÂ. ™ËÌÂȈ٤ÔÓ fiÙÈ ÙÔ 1734 ÂÌ·ı‹Ù¢Û ÛÙË ™¯ÔÏ‹ Ô ¶·ÙÚÔÎÔÛÌ¿˜ Ô AÈÙˆÏfi˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ‰›‰·Í ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1738. O ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˜ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ô Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿ÏÔ˘ K·Ó·‚fi˜ (1866 - 1953), Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ηْ ·ӿÏË„Ë ‚Ô˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹˜, ÁÂÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙ‹˜ Î·È ˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜. H MÂÁ¿ÏË ‹ ÕÓˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠ÕÓˆ XÒÚ· ÙÔ 1930. ∞fi Ù· ÔÌÔÚÊfiÙÂÚ· ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·‰È·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙ· ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. ∆· ‰¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ̈۷˚Îfi Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ï‹ıÔ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‰¤ÓÙÚˆÓ fiˆ˜ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, ¤Ï·Ù·, Τ‰ÚÔÈ, ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜ Î.¿. ™Ù· ‰¿ÛË ·˘Ù¿ ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯Ô‡Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÙÔ Î·È Ë Î·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿. ª¤Û· Û’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ fiÚÁÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¤Ï·ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ηÛÙ·ÓÈ¿˜, ÙÔ˘ Τ‰ÚÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÊÙ¤Ú˘, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ¿Ú· ÔÏϤ˜ ËÁ¤˜. TÔ KÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Û ÙÚԯȿ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÂÎÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¢fiÌÂÓÔ ÙË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿, ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ˘Ô‰ÔÌ‹, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ K¤ÓÙÚÔ YÁ›·˜, ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ıÂÏÎÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ˘Ô‰Ô̤˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙfiÔ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡. T· ·Ï·È¿ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ· Î·È Ù· ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ· Û›ÙÈ· ÂÓÙ·Á̤ӷ ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ηÊÂÓ›· Î·È Ù· ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ‹ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙ· ‰ÚÔÌ¿-
154
∆Ô ·ÏÈfi ψÊÔÚÂ›Ô Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·
ÎÈ· οو ·fi ·Á¤Úˆ¯· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ù· ÓÂfiÎÙÈÛÙ· ‹ ÂÈÛ΢·Ṳ̂ӷ ÎÙ›ÚÈ· •ÂÓÒÓˆÓ Î·È •ÂÓԉԯ›ˆÓ, Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· Âȉ˘ÏÏȷ΋ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ· Î·È ÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹. E›Û˘ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹˜ Î·È ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ (1918) ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹˜ Ì ‰‡Ô ÂÓۈ̷و̤ӷ η̷ӷÚÈ¿, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Ì ÂÏÂÎËÙfi Ì·‡ÚÔ ÏÈı¿ÚÈ. •Â¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Ë ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Î·È Ë ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ Ë ™ÎÔÈÒÙÈÛÛ·. ¶ÔÏÏ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ Ó· ‰ÂÈ Ô ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ §·ÎԇϷ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË. AÎfiÌ· Î·È ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi ψÊÔÚÂ›Ô (K·ÚÓ¿‚·ÏÔ˜) Ô˘ ¤Î·ÓÂ Û˘ÁÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1983. TÒÚ· Ê˘Ï¿ÛÛÂÙ·È Î·È ÂÎÙ›ıÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ Û ÂȉÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ, ‰›Ï· ·fi ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ¿ÏÏ· ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ· Î·È Ô Ó·˝ÛÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÙÚÔÎÔÛÌ¿. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ·fi Ù· ÚÒÙ· Ô˘ Ù›ÌËÛ ÙÔÓ AÈÙˆÏfi ÕÁÈÔ. ™ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·, ÛÙ· ̤۷ √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ οÛÙ·ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ fiÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fiÛÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘, „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Î¿ÛÙ·Ó·, ÛÂÚ‚›ÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÏ˘Î¿ (Ì·ÎÏ·‚¿‰Â˜, Ú·‚·Ó›, ÎÔ˘Ú·ÌȤ‰Â˜,) ÁÏ˘Î¿ ÎÔ˘Ù·ÏÈÔ‡ (ÎÂÚ¿ÛÈ, οÛÙ·ÓÔ, ηڇ‰È, ΢‰ÒÓÈ), ÙÔÈΤ˜ ›Ù˜ Î·È Á›‰· ‚Ú·ÛÙ‹. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ·˜ H K¿Ùˆ XÒÚ· (ÚÒËÓ MÈÎÚ¿ ‹ K¿Ùˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ˘ÒÚÂȘ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ OÌ¿ÏÈ·˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊ‹˜ Ù˘ KÂÚ·ÛÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (TÚ›ÎÔ‚Ô ‹ TÚÈÙÛÔ‚¿, 1.694 Ì.) Î·È ÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ Ù˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊ‹˜ °Ô˘ÏÈÓ¿˜ (1.248 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ì‡ÏÔ ÙÔ˘ K·Ú·Ùԇ̷ Î·È Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ §ÔÌÔÙÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì· Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ. Ÿˆ˜ ›·Ì ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤Óˆ˜, ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ XÒÚ·, Ë MÂÁ¿ÏË Î·È Ë MÈÎÚ‹ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ¤Ó· ÂÓÈ·›Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‹Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ï˯ÒÚÈ·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:46
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·) ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙËÓ °ÂÚÔÓÙÔηڢ¿. ∏ K¿Ùˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÂÙÒÓ 1454 Î·È 1550, ›Ù ηÙ¢ı›·Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ·ÔÌ›ӷÓÙ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ (¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ·) ‹ ·fi ͈̿¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ªÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠K¿Ùˆ XÒÚ· ÙÔ 1928. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË KÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi, K·ÚԇϷ Î·È AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ÎÂÚ·ÌÈΤ˜ ϿΘ Î·È ÛfiÓ‰˘ÏÔÈ ·fi ΛÔÓ· Ó·Ô‡. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ °Ô˘ÏÈÓ¿˜ (‹ Ë °Ô˘ÏÈÓ¿), Â›Ó·È ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ ‡ÚÁÔ˜ (ÁÔ˘Ï¿˜) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÌÂÚÈ¿ Ë NËÛÔ‡ ̤ÚÔ˜ ‚Ú·¯Ò‰Â˜ ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ Î·È ·¿ÙËÙÔ, fiÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÛËÏÈ¿ ¤‚ÚÈÛÎ·Ó ÔÈ Î˘ÓËÁË̤ÓÔÈ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ·fi ÙÔ ™Ù·Ï·¯Ùfi Î·È ÙËÓ KÔ˘‰Ô˘ÓfiÙÚ˘·, ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·’ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ °Ô˘ÏÈÓ¿, ˘‹Ú¯Â Û‹Ú·ÁÁ· Ô˘ ¤Êı·Ó ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË NËÛÔ‡. ¶ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1815 Ô˘ ÂÈÛΤÊıËΠÙËÓ K¿Ùˆ §ÔÌÔÙÈÓ¿ Ô °¿ÏÏÔ˜ ÚfiÍÂÓÔ˜ Î·È È·ÙÚfi˜ ¶Ô˘Î‚›Ï ‚ڋΠٷ ÂÚ›ȷ ·ÏÈÔ‡ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ∆Ú›ÌÔÚÊÔ˘ (AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·) Ô˘ οÔÙ ›¯Â 340 ÌÔÓ·¯Ô‡˜ Î·È ÙÔ Â›¯Â ÎÙ›ÛÂÈ Ô ¢ÔÌ›ÙÈÔ˜. TÔ‡ÙÔ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ∆ÚÈ¿‰·˜, ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi. √ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829 ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·Ê›Ô, Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1864 Û ڢıÌfi ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ Ì ÙÔ ˘ÂÚ˘„ˆÌ¤ÓÔ Î·Ì·Ó·ÚÈfi Î·È ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ˯ËÚ¤˜ η̿Ó˜. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙË Ë fiÚÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ì ÙË
ÁÏ˘Ù‹ ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÕÁÈÔ˜ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜, AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· Î·È AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ Û ÂÎÏËÎÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜. O ¶ÂÚ·ÏfiÁÁÔ˜ Ì ÙȘ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, ÔÈ Î·Ù¿Ê˘Ù˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ·fi Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Τ‰Ú·, ¤Ï·Ù·, Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÙÔ KÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ Ì ٷ ¤Ï·Ù·, Ù· ÎÔÓÙÔÔ‡ÚÓ·Ú·, Ù· Τ‰Ú·, ÙȘ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ôı¤ˆÛË Ù˘ ʇÛ˘.
∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ·
¶fi‰Ô˜
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶fi‰Ô˘ O ¶fi‰Ô˜ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ ¶··‰È¿˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ Ù˘ T۷ηϿÎÈ (1.710 Ì.). ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, ·ÊÔ‡ ··ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· Èı·ÓfiÓ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙËÓ ÈÙ·ÏÈ΋ ϤÍË ponte (= Á¤Ê˘Ú·) Î·È ¿ÓÙ· ÛÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ ˘‹Ú¯Â Á¤Ê˘Ú·, Ï›ıÈÓË ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· Î·È ÙÒÚ· ÙÛÈÌÂÓÙ¤ÓÈ·, Ô˘ ¤ÓˆÓ ÙËÓ §ÔÌÔÙ›Ó· Ì ÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. §·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔÈ Ï›ıÔÈ Î·È ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÁÁ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ B·Úο Î·È K·ÛÙ·Ó¿‰È·. E›Û˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈ· fiÔ˘ η٤Ê¢Á·Ó ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Û ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰È·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ÙˆÓ ÊÔ‡ÚÓˆÓ. ∆Ô ¶Ô‰ÈÒÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì· (¶Ô‰ÈˆÙfiÚÂÌ· ¶Ô‰fiÚÂÌ·) Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ™Î·ÏÙÛfiÚÂÌ· Î·È ÙÔ •ÂÚfiÚÂÌ· Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÌÈÎÚÔڤ̷ٷ Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊ‹˜ T۷ηϿÎÈ Î·È Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ KfiÙÛ·ÏÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ™‡ÓÔ‰Ô˜.§fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ ÛÙÔÓ ¶fi‰Ô ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ 7 ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. H Ï·Ù·ÓÔ˝ÛÎȈÙË Ï·Ù›· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·” Ï›Á· ̤ÙÚ· ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ MÂÁ¿ÏË BÚ‡ÛË Ì ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ Îԇ˜ Ù˘, Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠ·Ú¯Èο ·fi ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÈÚÔÂÛÙfi Ù˘ ·گ›·˜ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ £·Ó·ÛԇϷ ™ÈÛÌ¿ÓË (+ 1789) Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ(1957 - 1960) Ì ÙÔ ˆÚ·›Ô ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Îˆ‰ˆÓÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ (1928), Ô Õï °ÈÒÚÁ˘ Ô˘ Ë ·Ú¯È΋ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛË ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1952 - 55 Û ÂÚ›ÔÙË ı¤ÛË Î·È Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ÛÙ¤Ú· ‹ ÂÚÂȈ̤ӷ, Û fiÌÔÚÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙfiÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È Î¿ÔÈ· ·fi Ù· ·ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓÈÁ̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÙË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. µfiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜ H AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛ· (ÚÒËÓ KÔ˙›ÙÛ·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÏÂοÓË Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ‰‡Ô ÏfiÊÔÈ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ Õï §È¿˜ (1.450 Ì.), ÚÔ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ AÚ‰›ÓË, ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ·fiÎÚËÌÓË TÛÂÎÔ‡Ú· (1732 Ì.) ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ M·˚ڤ̷. O›ÎËÛË ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹. ™ÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ “¶Ï·ÁÈ¿” Î·È “K·ÛÙÚ›”, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ·Ú¯·›ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ. H
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°ÂÓÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜
Ï¿ÁËÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËΠے ¤Ó· Ù¿ÊÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶Ï·ÁÈ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·¯ı› ÛÙËÓ EÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈ΋ ÂÔ¯‹ (3Ô˜ ·È.). º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·ÛÙÚ›, ¡¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˘, fiÔ˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ¢ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÂÛÛ¿ÚˆÓ Ó·ÒÓ (ÕÁÈÔ˜ B·Û›Ï˘, ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹̈Ó, ÕÁÈÔ˜ Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ Î·È AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ™ÎÔÌfi‰Ô, ·¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·’ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·˘Ù‹). ÕÁÓˆÛÙÔ ÁÈ· ÔÈÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËΠÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ M·˚ڤ̷ (KÔ˙ÈÙÛÈ¿ÓÔ˜), µ∞ ·’ ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙȘ ÂÛ¯·ÙȤ˜ ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ TÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔÈ Ó·˝ÛÎÔÈ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜, ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ HÏ›·˜, ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ·ÊÔ‡ ˆ˜ ∫fi˙ÈÙÛ· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. ∆Ô 1927 Ë ∫fi˙ÈÙÛ· ıˆÚËı›۷ ˆ˜ ÍÂÓÈ΋ ϤÍË ·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ¿ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ K·ÛÙÚ› ÁÈ· Ó· ÔÚÈÛÙÈÎÔÔÈËı› ÙÔ 1928 Û AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·, ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÓ˘Ì›· Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜. ∂›Ó·È ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ Ë Á‡Úˆ ÙÔ˘ ·Úı¤Ó· ʇÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ·Ó›‰· Î·È ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘, ÙȘ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ηٷÎχ˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ·ÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ. ¡fiÙÈ· ÙÔ ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ô ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ‹ÚÂÌ· Î·È ˘ÔÌÔÓÂÙÈο ÙÔ ¿ÁÚÈÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˘ fiÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÂÚ›ÊËÌÔ ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ Î·È ÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘. ∆Ë ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Á‡Úˆ Î·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ·Ïfi¯ÂÚ· Ù· ‚fiÙ·Ó· Ù˘ ʇÛ˘, ‚¿ÏÛ·ÌÔ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ fiÓÔ˘˜, Ú›Á·ÓË ÁÈ· ·ÚˆÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜, ¯·ÌÔÌ‹ÏÈ, ÙÛ¿È, ·ÁÚÈÔÌ¿Ú·ıÔ Î·È ¿ÁÚÈ· Ú·‰›ÎÈ·. ¢‡Ô ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈο ÌÓËÌ›· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. TÔ ÂÓÂÚÁfi ·Ó‰ÚÈÎfi ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ¶·Ó·Á›· AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· Ì ÔÏÏÒÓ ·ÈÒÓˆÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ô˘ ·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1456 Ì.X., ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È Ë “KÈ‚ˆÙfi˜ Ù˘ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜”, ·ÊÔ‡ Ê˘Ï¿ÛÛÂÈ ·ÓÂÎÙ›ÌËÙ· ÎÂÈÌ‹ÏÈ·, fiˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜, ÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ¯¤Ú· ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¶ÔÏ˘Î¿ÚÔ˘, ÙÔÓ ÂÈÙ¿ÊÈÔ Ù˘ M·ÚÈÒÚ·˜ (1735), ÙÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ (1871 1874), ·ÚÁ˘Ú‹ ÏÂÈ„·ÓÔı‹ÎË (1470) ÎÙÏ. TÔ ÎÔÌ„fi ηıÔÏÈÎfi Ì ٷ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌËÙÈο ÏÈı·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê· ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1847. TÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜. AӷηÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1744. TÔ 1880 ÂÈÌË·ÓıËÎÂ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËÎÂ Ô Á˘Ó·ÈΈӛÙ˘. EÎÏËÎÙÈ΋˜ Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ô˘ ÊÈÏÔÙ¯ӋıËΠÙÔ 1748 ·fi ÙÔÓ ÓÙfiÈÔ Ù¯ӛÙË Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ [¢·ÌÈ·Ófi] Ì ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ù˘ ›‰È·˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜. £·˘Ì¿ÛÈ· Î·È Ë Ê·Ùӈ̷ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÌ‚ˆÙ‹ ÔÚÔÊ‹. EÓ‰È·Ê¤ÚˆÓ Î·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ B·Ú‚¿Ú·˜ (·Ó·Î·ÈÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙË 10ÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘
¶fiÚÙ·, Ù¤ÌÏÔ, ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜
ªÔÓ‹ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ 1980), Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÈÛÎÔÈÎfi˜ Ó·fi˜, › EÈÛÎfiÔ˘ I·ÎÒ‚Ô˘. AÍÈÔÌÓËÌfiÓ¢ÙÔ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ·ÚÈ· ·Û¯ÔÏ›· ‹Ù·Ó Ë Ú·ÙÈ΋. OÈ KÔ˙ÈÙÛÈ¿ÓÔÈ Ú·ÊÙ¿‰Â˜ Á˘Ú›˙·Ó ·Ú¤Â˜ - ·Ú¤Â˜ ÛÙ· PÔ˘ÌÂÏȈÙÔ¯ÒÚÈ· Î·È Û’ ¿ÏÏ· ̤ÚË ÁÈ· Ó· ÊÙÈ¿ÍÔ˘Ó Ù· ÂÏÏËÓÔÛÎÔ‡ÙÈ·. MÈÏÔ‡Û·Ó ÌÈ· Û˘ÓıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· Ù· ƒ·ÊÙÈ¿‰Èη ‹ ¶Ï¤Èη. ¶Ô‡ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ KÚ·‚·Ú›ÙÈÎÔ È‰›ˆÌ· ÙˆÓ Ú·ÊÙÈ¿‰ˆÓ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó Ô Ú¿ÊÙ˘. E‰Ò ›¯Â ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ¯Ú˘ÛÔ¯Ô˝·˜, ·ÚÁ˘ÚÔ¯Ô˝·˜, ͢ÏÔÁÏ˘ÙÈ΋˜ Ì ÚÔÂÍ¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ¢·ÌÈ·ÓÔ‡. ™ÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. Ë Î·Ù·Û΢‹ ·ÈıÔ˘ÛÒÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Î·È ˘·›ıÚÈÔ ı¤·ÙÚÔ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫Ú˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ T· KÚ˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· (ÚÒËÓ KÔ˘ÙÔ˘Ï›ÛÙÈ·) Â›Ó·È ÔÚÂÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓÔ ÛÙȘ µ¢ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ºÙÂÚfi˘ÚÁÔ˘ (Õ˚ §È·˜). EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ· ¿Ú·, ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË, ·ÏÏ¿ Ôχ ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· Û ÌÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÛËÏÈ¿, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ˘ K·ÛÙ¤ÏÈ, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ KÏ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ·ÈÙˆ-
158
∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ·, Ë ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›·
ÏÈÎÔ‡ οÛÙÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‹ÚÂ Î·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ Ù˘. ¶ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ, fiÔ˘ ¤‚ÚÈÛÎ·Ó Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÛÙȘ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ ÂÔ¯¤˜. E›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “™¤ÏÂÚË”, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ¤ÚËÌÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙˆÓ KÚ˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ›ȷ Ù›¯Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯Â Ô¯˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓË ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË Â‰Ò. ∆Ô ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ È‰Ú‡ıËΠÙÔ 1805 ·fi ÙÔÓ HÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ¢·ÌÈ·Ófi, ÔÏ·Ú¯ËÁfi Ô˘ ¤ÂÛ ÛÙÔ MÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ. ÿÚË ÛÙË ÛÔ˘‰·›· Ê˘ÛÈÔÁӈ̛· ÙÔ˘ ¢·ÌÈ·ÓÔ‡ ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ·¤ÎÙËÛ ·›ÁÏË Î·È ÙÔ 1819 Ô ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎfi˜ ¶·ÙÚȿگ˘ °ÚËÁfiÚÈÔ˜ Ô ∂’ Ì ÛÈÁ›ÏÈÔ ÙÔ ·Ó·Î‹Ú˘Í ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎfi Î·È ™Ù·˘ÚÔËÁÈ·Îfi. √ ∏ÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ¢·ÌÈ·Ófi˜ ÂÎÏ›ıÂÈ ÛÙÔ º·Ó¿ÚÈ fiÔ˘ Ì˘‹ıËΠÛÙË ºÈÏÈ΋ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›· Î·È Î·ÙfiÈÓ Ì‡ËÛ ÙÔ˘˜ √Ï·Ú¯ËÁÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ƒÔ‡ÌÂÏ˘. ™Ò˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi Î·È ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ÙÔ Ï¤Ó MÂÙfi¯È (1818). ¢›Ï· ‹Ù·Ó Ô ™Ù‡ÏÔ˜ (1818), ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ë ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ˘, fiÔ˘ Ô ¢·ÌÈ·Ófi˜ ·Û΋Ù¢Â. T· ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û¿ÓÈ· Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿. ∏ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ·Ó‡„ËÏ· ¤Ï·Ù·, ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜ Î·È Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ÂÓÒ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÁÚ·Ê› 9 ›‰Ë ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ Ôگȉ¤·˜, ¤Ó· Û¿ÓÈÔ Â›‰Ô˜ ÙÔ˘Ï›·˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÈÏ›· Ì·ÓÈÙ·ÚÈÒÓ, 3 ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ·ÔηχÙÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË. ™Ù· ‰¿ÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ˙Ô˘Ó ·Á¤Ï˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜
∆ÔÔıÂÛ›· §¿ÏÈη
χΈÓ, ·ÁÚÈÔÁÔ‡ÚÔ˘Ó·, ˙·Úο‰È·, ÂÏ¿ÊÈ·, Ï›ÁΘ ÂÓÒ ¤¯ÂÈ ı·ı› Î·È ¤Ó· ˙¢Á¿ÚÈ Î·ÊÂÙÈ¿˜ ·ÚÎÔ‡‰·˜. ∞fi Ù· ÙËÓ¿ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ͯˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Ô ¯Ú˘Û·ÂÙfi˜, Ô Á‡·˜ ·ÛÚÔ¿Ú˘, Ô Êȉ·ÂÙfi˜ Î·È ¤Ó· Ôχ Û¿ÓÈÔ Â›‰Ô˜ ‰Ú˘ÔÎÔÏ¿ÙË Ì ÙÚÔÈο ¯ÚÒÌ·Ù·. BÈÁÏ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1864. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔÈ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ (1816), Ë ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ (1935, 1999), ÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ T·Íȿگ˜ (ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1800, 1864, 1920, 2000). ™Â ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 1.500 Ì., ÛÙÔ ºÙÂÚfi˘ÚÁÔ Ô Õ˚ §È¿˜, ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ë ¶·Ó·ÁԇϷ Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÂȈ̤Ó˜ ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜. M ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ “·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi” ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ KÚ˘ÔÓÂÚÈÙÒÓ, fiÔ˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ë IÛÙÔÚÈ΋ - §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ™˘ÏÏÔÁ‹. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ §¿ÏÈη, 2 ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ· ·fi ÙÔ ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ √Ì¿ÏÈ·, Ë Ê‡ÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ Î·È Ô ÂÈÛΤÙ˘ ‰ÂÓ ı· ÙÔ ÌÂÙ·ÓÈÒÛÂÈ. K·Ù‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜ ı· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÙÚÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ ÙˆÓ ™ÙÂÓÒÓ (1885) Ô˘ ¤ÓˆÓ ٷ KÚ˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· Ì ÙË KÏ¿. E›Û˘ Î·È Ô KÔ˘ÙÈÏÈÛÙÈ¿ÓÔ˜ K¿Î·‚Ô˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ ÙÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ô˘ BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ OÌ¿ÏÈ· ̤۷ Û ÂÏ·ÙÈ¿, ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· ÙˆÓ Â·Ú¯ÈÒÓ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ ÙÔ˘ E˘‹ÓÔ˘,
BÔÙÛ·˝ÙÈÎÔ (BÔ˚ÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ÓfiÙÈ· Ô ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ˜ °ÚËÁÔÚ›ÙÈÎÔ˜ Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ OÌ¿ÏÈ· ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÊÔ‡ ··ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È ÛÙ· OıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. TÔ °ÚËÁfiÚÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÛÈÊÏ›ÎÈ ÙˆÓ K·Ó·‚·›ˆÓ Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÙÔ 1830 ÔÈ °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ù˜ ηÙËÁÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ ˆ˜ ȉÈÔÎً٘ fiÙÈ Î·Ù·¿ÙËÛ·Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ 1787 Ô˘ ÛÎfiÙˆÛ·Ó Î·È ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÁ¤ÚÔÓÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¢È·Ì·ÓÙ‹. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ °ÚËÁfiÚË ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· KÚ¿‚·ÚÈ. BÔÚÂÈÔ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË KÔοÏÈ· ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘ (“·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê· ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘”). ™ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1957. BfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û’ ·˘Ùfi ¿Óˆ Û ‰‡Ô ÏfiÊÔ˘˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ· Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘ Î·È AÁ›· M·Ú›Ó· (·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1980 › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ) Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË Î·ÛÙÚÔÊ˘Ï¿ÎˆÓ. OÈ °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ù˜ ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ˘„Ô̤ÙÚÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·ÎÒÓ Î·ÈÚÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙ· °ÚËÁÔÚ›ÙÈη E˘·Ï›Ô˘, fiÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÚËÁfiÚÈÔ˜, Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Î·È ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· (ÙÔÈÎfi Û˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ). B¤‚·È·, ÙÔ Î·ÏÔη›ÚÈ fiÏÔÈ Â·Ó·Î¿ÌÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi.
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘Û˘ H EÏ·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË (ÚÒËÓ BÔ˚ÙÛ¿) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˘ BÔÙÛ·˝ÙÈÎÔ˘ (BÔ˚ÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜) Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜, ÛÙȘ ‚fiÚÂȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ OÌ¿ÏÈ·. H BÔ˚ÙÛ¿ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·. MÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1927 Û EÏ·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË (¤Ï·ÙÔ + ‚Ú‡ÛË). ∏ ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË ‹Ù·Ó ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÚÒËÓ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ OÊÈÔÓ›·˜ (1869 - 1912). ™ÙȘ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ™ÎÈ·‰¿, AÏÈÎfiÚÂÓ· (Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘, ı¤ÛË N‹Ì·Ù· = ÌÓ‹Ì·Ù·) Î·È ÛÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ (ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·, ÎÂÚ·ÌÂÈο, Ù¿ÊÔÈ ÎÙÏ). EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· (1955 - 1957). •ˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ·: Ô Õ˚ £·Ó¿Û˘ (˘„fiÌ. 912 Ì.) Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1900, Ô Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘ (·Ú¯Èο ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË ÙÔ˘ 18Ô˘ ·È.), Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ (ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÚÔ Ù˘ E·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ 1821 ·fi ÙÔÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi ¶·ÓÔ˘ÚÁÈ¿ ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1925, 300 Ì. ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ·) Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÓÂfiÙÂÚ·. ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ (23 A˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘) Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ¿Óˆ ÛÙ· ÂÚ›ȷ ¶·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÌÂÙÔ¯›Ô˘. TÔ‡ÙÔ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ KÚ˘ÔÓÂÚ›ˆÓ. MÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ÛÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ Ù˘ AÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ·˜. MÂÙ¿ ÙÔ 1900 fiÙ·Ó ·Â‚›ˆÛÂ Î·È Ë ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÌÔÓ·¯‹ ÂÚÂÈÒıËÎÂ. AÍÈÔÌÓËÌfiÓ¢ÙÔ Î·È ·ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ IÛÙÔÚÈÎfi Î·È §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô Ì ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÂÎı¤Ì·Ù·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹˜ H K·ÏÏÔÓ‹ (ÚÒËÓ ™Ùڈ̛ÓÈ·ÓË ‹ ™ÙÚÒÌÈ·ÓË), ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ¡¢ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1.254 Ì.). TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙȘ ÌÂÛ·›Â˜ ÎÏÈه˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ηوÊÂÚ¤˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. §fiÁˆ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ηı›˙ËÛ˘ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÂÁη٤ÏÂÈ„·Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÌÂÙÔ›ÎËÛ·Ó ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ, ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1893. 160
TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ì ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·.TÔ 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠K·ÏÏÔÓ‹. TÔ fiÓÔÌ· ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ Î¿ÏÏÔ˜ Î·È ·Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙȘ Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ ÔÌÔÚÊȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÏ·ÙÈ¿ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ Î·È Ù· ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. OÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÁηٷÛÙ·ı› ÛÙÔ˘˜ οÌÔ˘˜. M¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÛÙÔ MÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ȉڇÛÂÈ Û˘ÓÔÈΛ· Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· K·ÏÏÔÓ‹. °Ú·ÊÈ΋ Ë Ï·Ù›· Ì ÙËÓ ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· ‚ÂÏ·Óȉȿ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÛÙȘ Á‡Úˆ ¯·Ú¿‰Ú˜. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹. §¤Ó fiÙÈ Â‰Ò ‹Ù·Ó MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. TÔ 1913 Ô Ó·fi˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë KÔ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿. M¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ô Ó·fi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â Î·È ÙÔ 1829, Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÎÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· fï˜ Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ·ӷÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ. KÔÓÙ¿ Û’ ·˘Ù‹ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÔÈ “ÏËÓfiÙÚ˘È˜” (EÏÏËÓfiÙÚ˘Â˜), ·Ú¯·›ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ. E‰Ò ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ Î·È ÂÈه̂ȷ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÁÈ· ÙÔ “·Ú’ Ô‰fiÓ ÌÓ‹Ì·” Ô˘ Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ·Ó¤Î·ıÂÓ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û ·fi Ù· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ηÌÔ¯ÒÚÈ·. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫˘‰ˆÓÈ¿˜ BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ BA ¿ÎÚÔ Ù˘ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜, ÛÙȘ ‚fiÚÂȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (TÛԇη, 1.354 Ì.). TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹, ·ÊÔ‡ ··ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È ÛÙ· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ· Ì ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ∑ÈÏ›ÙÛ·. TÔ 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠O͢¿, ·fi ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎfi ‚Ô˘Ófi Î·È ÙÔ 1928 Û K˘‰ˆÓÈ¿. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË °Ô‡ÛÙÈ·ÓË, 4 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¯ÏÌ. ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ ÙÔ ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ Ó· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Î˘ÚȈӇÌÈÔ KˆÛÙ‹˜ (KÔ˘ÛÙ‹˜ - °ÎÔ˘ÛÙ‹˜). E‰Ò ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ·Ú¯·›· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·, ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË Ï¿Î·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È EÏÏËÓfiÙÚ˘Â˜ (Ù¿ÊÔÈ).
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ™Â ÂÚ›ÔÙË ı¤ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘, ÛÙ·˘ÚÔÂȉ‹˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ Î·È ÂÓۈ̷و̤ÓÔ ÙÚÔ˘Ï·›Ô η̷ӷÚÈfi (ıÂÌÂÏ. 1991, ÂÁÎ. 2005). O ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1832, ÂÓÒ Â›¯Â ÎÙÈÛı› ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1800. AÍÈÔı¤·ÙÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ·ÚÂÎÎÏ‹ÛÈÔ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ù· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. TÔ 1829 ÛÙÔ Ó·fi ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÔÈ ÚÒÙ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜. ºÈÏÔÍÂÓ› ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∫˘‰ˆÓ¤·˜ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ·Ó·Âٷ̤ÓÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ 1890 ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠٷ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·. T· ‰ËÌÔÙÈο ÙÚ·ÁÔ‡‰È· ÙËÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó “ZÂÏ›ÛÙ· Í·ÎÔ˘Ṳ̂ÓË” ÁÈ·Ù› Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ›¯Â ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂÈ ÙË ¯Ú˘ÛÔ¯Ô˝· Î·È ·ÛËÌÔ˘ÚÁ›·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÙË ¯·ÏÎÔ˘ÚÁ›· Î·È ÙË ÌÂÙ·ÍÔ˘ÚÁ›·. TÚÂȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËÎÂ Ë ZÈÏ›ÛÙ· (1770, 1803, 1847) Î·È ¿ÏÈ Í·Î·ÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Û·Ó ÛÙ¤ÌÌ· Ù˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÚ›ÊËÌÔ ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ù˘ Ì ÙȘ ·Ó‡„ËϘ ‚ÂÏ·ÓȉȤ˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· §Â‡Î·˜ H §Â‡Î· (ÚÒËÓ MÈÎÚ¿ ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ¡∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 1.080 Ì. M¤Û· Û ÌÈ· ¯·Ú¿‰Ú· Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi 2 ÏÔÊÔÛÂÈÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¶˘ÚÁ¿ÎÈ
(1.416 Ì.) Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜, οو ·fi ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÂÏ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ô˘ÚÓ·ÚÈÒÓ Û ηوÊÂÚÈÎfi ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÏÔ˘ÎÔ‚›ÙÈÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡ËÓÔ. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ˘‹Ú¯Â ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÙÔ ¤ÏÂÁ·Ó ¢Ô‡Î·˜. A˘Ùfi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËΠÏfiÁˆ ηıÈ˙‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ÙËÓ T¤ÚÓÔ‚· (¢ÂÓ‰ÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ) Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÙËÓ ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚·. ÕÚ·, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ·ÊÔ‡ Ë Âӈ̤ÓË ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1454, ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¢Ô‡Î·˜ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚÔ. ÿÛˆ˜ Ó· ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ H›ÚÔ˘ Ô˘ Ë ‰˘Ó·ÛÙ›· ÙˆÓ ¢Ô‡Î· ΢‚ÂÚÓÔ‡Û ÙÔÓ ÙfiÔ Î·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‹Ù·Ó Ê¤Ô˘‰fi Ù˘. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë Âӈ̤ÓË ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÙfiÙ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¢Ô‡Î·˜. K¿ÔÈÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó Û›-
ªÓËÌÂ›Ô ÕÁÓˆÛÙÔ˘ ™ÙÚ·ÙÈÒÙË ÛÙË §Â‡Î·
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi §Â‡Î·
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÙÈ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, fiÔ˘ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ¤Ú·Û·Ó ÙÔ ¶·ÏÔ˘ÎÔ‚›ÙÈÎÔ Î·È ‰ËÌÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ó¤Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÁÈ· Ó· ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓÈ·›· ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠMÈÎÚ‹. K·È Ë ¿ÏÏË Î·Ù’ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠMÂÁ¿ÏË. ∆Ô 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠§Â‡Î· (Ê˘ÙˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ). TÔ 1895 ¤ÁÈÓ Ӥ· ηı›˙ËÛË Î·È Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó 25 Û›ÙÈ· Î·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Î·È Ù· ÏÔÈ¿ Û›ÙÈ· ¤·ı·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ˙ËÌȤ˜. ŒÙÛÈ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËΠÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó Û›ÙÈ· ÛÙÔÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ÏfiÊÔ. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ MÈÎÚ‹˜ Î·È MÂÁ¿Ï˘ ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚·˜ “¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È Î·ÙÂÛ·ÚÌ¤Ó·È Û˘ÓÙÂÙÚÈÌÌ¤Ó·È Î¤Ú·ÌÔÈ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚÈÔÓ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡”. E›Û˘ Ù· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ· ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ - ¶˘ÚÁ¿ÎÈ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ˘ÔÎÚ‡ÙÔ˘Ó ·Ú¯·›· ·ÈÙˆÏÈο Ê˘Ï¿ÎÈ·. H §Â‡Î· ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1829, ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÂÚ› ÙÔ 1895 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·. E›Ó·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ· Î·È ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‡ÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ Î·È Î·ÏÔÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ¶ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎfi ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ∂ÓË̤ڈÛ˘ Î·È ∆ÂÎÌËÚ›ˆÛ˘ §Â‡Î·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ˘ , Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ˘ÔÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Â›Ó·È Ë ¤Ú¢ӷ, Ë ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË, Ë ÁÓˆÚÈÌ›· Î·È Ë ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË Ì ·ÒÙÂÚÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·Â›ÚÔ˘ οÏÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÔÛ˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ÏÂοÓ˘ ·ÔÚÚÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ËÁÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ı· ˘‰ÚÔ‰ÔÙ› ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ÔÏÏÒÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ Â›¯Â Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙÔ‡˜ ̇ÏÔ˘˜. K·Ù¿ ÙȘ ‰ÈËÁ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÁÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ Â‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â Ô KÔ˘ÏÔ˘¿Ó’˜ (KÔÏÔ¿Ó˘), ÙÔ ÍˆÙÈÎfi Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ·ÈÙ›· Ó· „ÔÊÔ‡Ó Ù· ÁȉÔÚfi‚·Ù·. ÿÛˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ì·ÎÚÈÓ‹ ·‹¯ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·ÁÔfi‰·ÚÔ˘ £ÂÔ‡ ¶¿Ó·. ¶ÚˆÙfiÙ˘Ô Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ 162
ÕÁÓˆÛÙÔ˘ ™ÙÚ·ÙÈÒÙË ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ٷ ·Ï¿ ˘ÏÈο Î·È Ì ÙȘ ÊÈÁÔ‡Ú˜ Ô˘ ÛÔ˘ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓÙ‡ˆÛË ÙÔÙ¤Ì. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚ÔÛÎÔÙfiÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È¿ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙ· ‚ÔÛÎÔÙfiÈ· Î·È ÛÙ· ÁÚ¤ÎÈ· ÙˆÓ ÙÛÔ¿ÓˉˆÓ ∆ÛÔ˘ÎÓ›‰·, ∫Ú·ÓԇϷ, ™ËÏԇϷ, ¶·ÏÈfiÛÙ·ÓË, ∆Ô˘ÚÎfiϷη, µÚ‡ÛË ∫¿Ó·ÏÔ˜, Î.¿. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ™·Ú¿ÓÙÂÓ· (æËÏ‹ ƒ¿¯Ë) 2.000 Ì. fiÔ˘ ÂΛ ı· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ÙË ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚË ÂͿψÛË ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ ÔÍÈ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘ÚÒË. ™ÙË §Â‡Î·, ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ™¿‚‚·ÙÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘, Ô ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙˆÓ “¶·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·ÎÒÓ º·ÁËÙÒÓ”, Â›Ó·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ Á˘Ó·›Î·˜, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ Á˘Ó·›Î˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ›Ù˜, ÎÚ¤·Ù·, ‰È·ÎÔÛÌË̤Ó˜ Ù˘ÚÔÎÔ˘ÏÔ‡Ú˜, ÁÏ˘Î¿ Î.¿. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ı·ÙÚÈο ‰ÚÒÌÂÓ· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·, Ù· ¤ıÈÌ· ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ÌÔ˘ÛÈ΋ Î·È ÁϤÓÙÈ Ì Ôχ ÎÚ·Û›. ∂Λ ı· ‚Ú›Ù ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ·Ó·ÌÓËÛÙÈο ·fi Ù· ¯¤ÚÈ· ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹˜ H M·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ (ÚÒËÓ MÂÁ¿ÏË ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï¿È Ù˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁÈ¿˜ “°Ú›‚· ºÔÚ¿‰·” ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ O͢¿˜. E›·Ì ·Ú·¿Óˆ fiÙÈ
∂ÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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10:46
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁηٿÏÂÈ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¢Ô‡Î·˜ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË, fiÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ÂÚË̤̈ÓÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ù˘ M·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹˜. £˘Á·ÙÚÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi Ù˘ ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë MÈÎÚ‹. °È· Ó· ÌË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ù·È Û‡Á¯˘ÛË Ë ÌËÙ¤Ú· ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠMÂÁ¿ÏË. H MÂÁ¿ÏË ¶·ÏÔ‡ÎÔ‚· ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1928 Û M·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ ·fi ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ ÛÙË ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ O͢¿˜, ÂÚÈÙÚÈÁ˘ÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÔÍȤ˜, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊÔÈ Â›¯·Ó Ù· Ì·Ó‰ÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ (Ì¿Ó‰Ú· - Ì·ÓÙÚ› = ÔÈÌÓÈÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ, ÛÙ·ÓÔÙfiÈ Î·È Î·Ù’ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙfiÔ˜ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›·). µfiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ·fi ¤Ï·Ù· Î·È ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓ‰Ú·. O Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1815 ·fi ÙÔ §ÔÁÔı¤ÙË °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ K·Ó·‚fi, Ù˘ ÁÓˆÛÙ‹˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ › ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡. TÔ 1829 ˘‹Ú¯Â ˆ˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ì ÙȘ ·Ó·Áη›Â˜ ‚¤‚·È· ÂÈÛ΢¤˜. ™ÙËÓ M·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ‰‡Ô ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‡ÂÈ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜, ÁÈ·Ù› ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔ› ÙÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÁηٷÛÙ·ı› ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙȘ ‰ȿ‰Â˜ Ù˘ N·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ MÂÛÔÏÔÁÁ›Ô˘.
·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚÔ˘˜. TÔ 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Û °Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿. E‰Ò ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ıÚ‡ÏÔÈ Û˘Ó‰Â̤ÓÔÈ Ì ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÈÎÏÂÊÙÔηÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ TÛ·Ì K·ÏfiÁÂÚÔ Ô˘ ›¯Â Ù· ÏË̤ÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ O͢¿. ™Â ÌÈ· ÊÔ‚ÂÚ‹ ·ÓÂÌÔ‰Ô‡Ú· (·ÓÂÌÔÛÙÚfi‚ÈÏÔ) ÛÙÔ ¶ÂÓÙÈ‚› Ù˘ O͢¿˜, ›Û· Ô˘ ÚfiÏ·‚Â Ô Î·ÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ˜ Î·È È¿ÛÙËΠ·fi ÌÈ· ÔÍÈ¿ Î·È ÁϛوÛ Ì 2 ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÙÚfiÊÔ˘˜, ÂÓÒ ¿ÏÏÔÈ 2 ¯¿ıËηÓ. TËÓ ÔÍÈ¿, Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤ÛˆÛÂ, ¯¿Ú·Í Ì ÙÔ Ì·¯·›ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Ô Î·ÂÙ¿ÓÈÔ˜ Î·È ·fi ÙfiÙ ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ°Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿. A˘ÙfiÓ ÙÔÓ ıÚ‡ÏÔ ı˘Ì‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ¯ˆÚÈ·ÓÔ› Î·È ÔÓfiÌ·Û·Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ˘˜ °Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ „ËÏ¿ ÛÙË ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ¶·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ Û’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË Î¿ÛÙÚÔ˘. O ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Û 2 Û˘ÓÔÈ˘
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· °Ú·Ì̤Ó˘ √͢¿˜ H °Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿ (ÚÒËÓ ™ÈÙ›ÛÙ·) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi Ù˘ AÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ ÛÙÔ µ∞ ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÎÚÔ. Afi ÙË ÌÈ· ÌÂÚÈ¿ Ù· ¯ÈÏÈÔÙÚ·ÁÔ˘‰ÈṲ̂ӷ „ËÏ¿ ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ë O͢¿ Î·È Ù· B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË Ô ÌÂÁ·ÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜ E‡ËÓÔ˜ Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔÓ ™ÈÙ›ÛÙ·, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ·Ó·ӿÏËÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÙÔ›Ô Ô˘ ‰›ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ °Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿ ÌÈ· ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿. ¶·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ë ™ÈÙ›ÛÙ· ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· °Ú·Ì̤Ó˘ √͢¿˜
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÙÔ E¿Óˆ XˆÚÈfi Î·È ÙÔ K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈfi. ™ÙÔ K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈfi (K·Ï‡‚È·), ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ Î·È AÁ›· M·Ú›Ó·, ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜, fiˆ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· (Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ·Á·ÏÌ·Ù›‰È·, ›ıÔÈ, ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·, ÂÏÂÎË̤ÓÔÈ Ï›ıÔÈ ÎÙÏ). A¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·fi ÙÔ E¿Óˆ XˆÚÈfi, ÛÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ¤Ú· ·fi ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ™ÈÙ›ÛÙ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfi‰ÂÓ‰Ú· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ M·Î‰ÔÓÈÎfi˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ó XˆÓÔÎÏËÛÈ¿ ‹ °ÔÓÔÎÏËÛÈ¿. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ˘fiÛηÊÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜, Ù¿ÊÔ˜ Èı·ÓfiÓ ÂÈÊ·ÓÔ‡˜ Á·ÈÔÎÙ‹ÌÔÓ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ‹ οÔÈÔ˘ ÂÚ·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÈÊ·ÓÔ‡˜. H °Ú·Ì̤ÓË O͢¿, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ Ù˘ Ô˘ ÌÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ʈÙÔÛ٤ʷÓÔ ÙË ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· Ù˘ Ì ÙÔ ‚·ı‡ÛÎÈÔ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ. ŒÓ· ηٷڿÛÈÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÔÈ ÔÍȤ˜ ÂÓ·ÏÏ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ì ٷ ¤Ï·Ù·, Ù· ‰Ú˘fi‰ÂÓÙÚ·, Ù· Τ‰Ú· Î·È ÙȘ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, ÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÔÍÈ¿˜ Ô˘ ÂÚÈ΢ÎÏÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, Â›Ó·È ·fi Ù· ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·ÎfiÙÂÚ· Î·È ÙÔ ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚÔ Ù˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘. E›Ó·È ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÔÈ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ·Ë¯Ô‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ıÚ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ Ù˘ ÎÏÂÊÙÔ˘ÚÈ¿˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·ӿÛÙ·Û˘. ™ÙȘ 23 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1828, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ƒ›· ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë Ì¿¯Ë Ù˘ °Ú·Ì̤Ó˘ √͢¿˜, fiÔ˘ Ô ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈÎfi˜ ÛÙÚ·Ùfi˜ ÓÈ΋ıËÎÂ Î·È ˘Ô¯ÒÚËÛ Úfi˜ ÙÔ °·Ú‰›ÎÈ. ∂›Ó·È
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∏ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Îη‚Ô˘
·ÎfiÌË ¤Ó· ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ÔÈ ™ÈÛÙÈÓÔ› Ì·ÛÙfiÚÔÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÊËÌÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ Ì·ÛÙÔÚ¿‰Â˜, ÁÈ· Ó· Ì›ÓÂÈ Î·È Ë ·ÚÔÈÌȷ΋ ÊÚ¿ÛË: “TÔÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ ÙÔÓ ¤¯ÙÈÛ·Ó ÔÈ ™ÈÛÙÈÓÔ› Ì·ÛÙfiÚÔÈ”. ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ∞fi ÙȘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂4 Ô˘ ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ŒÚ¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ¿Óˆ Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Î·È Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi §Â‡Î·. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔÓ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÔÚÌÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿. ∞fi ÂΛ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÚÈÓ ÙÔÓ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÈ ‚Á·›ÓÂÈ ¿ÏÈ Û ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ ÁÈ· Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ›¯Â ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› Î·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› Â‰Ò Î·È ÌÂÚÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¤Ó· ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÒÓ Î·È Â›¯·Ó ÙÔÔıÂÙËı› Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ÈӷΛ‰Â˜ Ì ¯¿ÚÙË ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ÔÓÔÌ·ÙÈÛÙ› Ì ÈÛÙÔÚÈο Î·È Ì˘ıÈο ÚfiÛˆ·: ñ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· - ∫¿Ùˆ ÃÒÚ· (ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ √ÈÓ¤·). ñ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· - ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· (ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∞Ù·Ï¿ÓÙ˘). ¶·Ú·ÏÏ·Á‹ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· §¿Ïη.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ñ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· (ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∏Ú·ÎÏ‹). ñ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· - ¶fi‰Ô˜ (ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ¢ËÈ¿ÓÂÈÚ·˜). √È Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌË Â·ÚÎÔ‡˜ Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ôχ ηϋ ‚·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û fiÏ· Ù· ÛËÌ›·. ™Â Ôχ ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÚÒÙË (√ÈÓ¤·˜), ‰ÈfiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ. ∏ ÈÔ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÚ›ÙË (∏Ú·ÎÏ‹˜), Ô˘ ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Î·‚Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÙÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·ı› Ë ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÛËÌ›· Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ·fi ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ Ë ‰È¤Ï¢ÛË Â›Ó·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË. ∏ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË (∞Ù·Ï¿ÓÙË) ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÚÈÎÒ˜ ÎÏ›ÛÂÈ ·fi Ù· ‚¿Ù· Î·È Ù· ÎÏ·‰È¿ ‰¤Ó‰ÚˆÓ ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÈÛ΢¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ·˘Ù‹ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ. ∏ ٤ٷÚÙË (¢ËÈ¿ÓÂÈÚ·) ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÎÏ›ÛÂÈ ÙÂÏ›ˆ˜, ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·ı› Ë ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË Î·È Â›Ó·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛ‹ Ù˘ Î·È ÁÈ ·˘Ùfi Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÂÈ Ù· 2 ¯ˆÚÈ¿. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ Û ÔÏÏ¿ ¿ÏÏ· ÛËÌ›· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Â‡ÎÔϘ ‹ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ Â‡ÎÔϘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Û fiÏ· ۯ‰fiÓ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, Ô˘ fï˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜. ∂Ó‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÚ‰ÈÎfi‚Ú˘ÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ· ·fi ·ÏÈ¿ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜. ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ù˘ √͢¿˜ ÍÂÎÈÓÒÓÙ·˜
·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÔ·‡ÏÈÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ £·Ó¿ÛË Î·È ·ÓËÊÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·Ú¯Èο ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ Τ‰ÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Ù· ¤Ï·Ù· Ô˘ ÛÙÂÊ·ÓÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Î·ÛÙ·ÓÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ̤۷ ·fi ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ·. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓË. ñ ™ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓÔȯÙ› ̤۷ ÛÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜. ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆ÂÚ„Èı¤· ÔÈ ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ Ì ÙËÓ ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤·. ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi §ÈÌÓ›ÙÛ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË “ª·ÎÚÈ¿ ƒ¿¯Ë” ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙȘ Á‡Úˆ
√ÚÂÈ‚¿Ù˜ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜
™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·˜
165
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:46
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜, ÛËÌ›· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋ ı¤· Î·È ‰ÚÔÛÂÚfi ÓÂÚfi ·fi ÙȘ ·Ì¤ÙÚËÙ˜ ËÁ¤˜. √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ‰ËÌÔÊÈÏ›˜ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ› ÁÈ· ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆۷ηϿÎÈ. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞ÌÂÏ·ÎÈÒÙÈÛÛ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆ÛÂÎÔ‡Ú·. ∂›Û˘ ·fi ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ∞Ú‰›Ó˘ Î·È ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ ∏Ï›·˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∞Ú‰›Ó˘ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ §ÈfiÏÈÔ˘. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·˘ÙÒÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË Ù˘ ÂÚȤÙÂÈ·˜, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È
™ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ Ê·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿Îη‚Ô˘
166
∆Ô ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿Îη‚Ô
¿Óˆ Û ¯·Ú·Á̤ӷ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· Î·È ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Ë Û ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜: ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· §¿ÏÈη ÚÔ˜ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ™ÙÂÓÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ï¿˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ Ì¤Û· ·fi ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜, ¿Óˆ ÛÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿ “°·˚‰Ô˘ÚfiÚ·¯Ô” ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ (∂‡ËÓÔ˜). ¶ÂÚÓ¿ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁ. ∆·Íȿگ˜. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2,5 ÒÚ˜. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÔȘ ÊıÔÚ¤˜ Î·È ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ∫Ï¿. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· §¿ÏÈη ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∂Ï·Ùfi‚Ú˘ÛË, ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹, ∫˘‰ˆÓÈ¿ Î·È §Â‡Î· ·’ fiÔ˘ ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ Â˘Úˆ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ ∂4. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ·Ï·Èfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ. ∏ ‚·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÒÓ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ηϋ ηıfiÛÔÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÏ›ÛÂÈ ·fi Ù· ÎÏ·‰È¿ ‰¤Ó‰ÚˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Î·È ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÛÙÚ·Ê› ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ Ô˘ ·ÓÔ›¯ÙËÎ·Ó Ù· ÓÂfiÙÂÚ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·. ∂ÎÙÈÌ¿Ù·È fiÙÈ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÂÚ› ÙȘ 8 ÒÚ˜ ·fi §¿ÏÈη ÚÔ˜ §Â‡Î·. ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Ê·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ºÔÓÈÔڤ̷ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞Ó·‚Ú˘Ù‹. ∆Ô ºÔÓÈfiÚÂÌ· (∞ÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˜) Â›Ó·È ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘, Î·È ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÚÌ· Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÈ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ, οو ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ. ™ÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ηÓ›˜ ÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜, Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙ·
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10:46
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ηÏÓÙÂÚ›ÌÈ·, ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ·, Â˙ԇϘ Ì ÍÂÚÔÏÈıȤ˜, Î.¿. ÷ÌËÏ¿ ÛÙÔ ºÔÓÈfiÚÂÌ· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó 2 Ôχ ·Ï·È¿ ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ÁÂʇÚÈ· Ì η̿Ú˜. ∂›Û˘, ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ∞ÌÔÚ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÓÔÏÈο 8 ·ÏÈÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. ∞fi ÙÔ ºÔÓÈfiÚÂÌ· ›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ú¿Î·Ì„Ë ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ¢Ú·ÎfiÙÚ˘·, ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È¤ÏıÂÈ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË 40 Ì. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰·ÛÈÎÒÓ ‰ÚfiÌˆÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ Ô‰ËÏ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ ∫˘ÎÏÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÛÙ· √Ì¿ÏÈ·. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· Ì ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ÚÔ˜ §¿ÏÈη, ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ú˘ÔÓ¤ÚÈ·, √Ì¿ÏÈ·, ÙË ‚Ú‡ÛË ∞Ó¿ÁÈÔ˘, ÙË ı¤ÛË Ã·Ú·ÙÛ› ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·. ∆Ô Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 38 ¯ÏÌ. ñ ∫˘ÎÏÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·fi ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ̤ۈ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË, ÙËÓ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ· ·ÊÔ‡ ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ¿ÏÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË. ñ ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÛÙÔ Î·ÛÙ·ÓÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ÃÒÚ·˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ.
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PYLINI MUNICIPALITY This is a mountainous Municipality with the mountain range of Makrioros (long Mountain) on its eastern side. The range’s highest top is Tsakalaki (1,710 meters). At its western side flows River Evinos and at the north Kotsalos, which is Evinos’s tributary. Within the municipality, heading eastwards to westwards flows River Poriaris, also a tributary of Evinos. Most important sites Paleopirgos The remains of Pirgos and the water mills of the villages that have been declared historic preservable monuments (1994 and 1996). Anthofito The gorge at River Grias Rema (Old Lady’s Creek) with the small waterfalls and the beautiful stone bridge as well as the church of Agia Kiriaki (1819) and the old inn of Papadia. Stilia Mountain Roupakia (820 meters) with the beautiful oak forest. Simou The architecture of the stone built houses of the village and the mountain Kardara with its magnificent view. Stranoma The wire bridges of Evinos and Kotsalos, the Spa Spring and the spa of Stachti at the valley of Poriaris as well as the water mill near Loutra. Famila The slopes of Mt Kastrouma are a natural habitat for many wildlife species such as deers, warthogs etc. Alternative tourism Hiking Easy hiking routes can be found at Mt Kardara, around the Stachti Spa at the valley of river Poriaris and around the wire bridges of Evinos and Kotsalos. Climbing Ascents at the top Tsakalaki following the route: Anthofito village - Agia Kiriaki Chani Papadias and at the top Kastourma from the Famila settlement. Mountain bikeAround Agia Kiriaki, to the river Evinos and around the wire bridges of Evinos and Poriaris. 4x4 routes From the villages Anthofito and Gavros towards the Chani of Papadia. Paragliding At the position Agios Ilias in Stranoma. PLATANOS MUNICIPALITY Mount Tsekoura (1,733 meters) and the top Prophet Ilias (1,450 meters) of the mount Ardini are dominant at the southeast together with the mountain range of Karfopetalia at the northwest. The water makes its presence vivid in the river Evinos and the artificial lake of Evinos. Most important sites Platanos This village is a traditional settlement. The church of Agios Nikolaos (1846) and the National Liberation History - Folklore. AchladokastroThe famous arched bridge of Artotiva that has been declared a historic preservable monument. Chomori The old Monastery of Panagia Kavadiotissa. Kastania The Inn of Liolios. Agios Dimitrios The dam of Evinos and the artificial lake of Evinos. Neochori The gorge of Klinovitis and the precinct church of the Dormition of Holy Mother. Arachova The precinct church of Agios Nikolaos, the old monastery of Prophet Ilias and the traditional stone houses of the village. Klepa The churches of Pammegiston Taxiarchon and Agios Georgios, the stone bridge of Evinos and the gorge of Evinos. Alternative tourism Hiking From the village Neochori towards the Klinovitis gorge, around the villages Platanos, Arachova, Klepa and Agios Dimitrios, the artificial lake of Evinos and the bridge of Artotiva. Climbing Ascents from the Liolios Inn to the top of Ardini, from Platanos to the top Alonaki, from Arachova to the top Kokkinia and the route from Platanos towards the bridge of Artotiva. Mountain bike On dirt roads around the artificial lake of Evinos and from Perista towards Agios Dimitrios. On dirt road with a view to Evinos River and from Arachova to Paleoarachova on a forest road. 4x4 routes On forest roads from the village Klepa towards the villages Dendrochori and Livadaki and from Neochori towards the position Psilos Stavros.
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APODOTIA MUNICIPALITY The name of the Municipality comes from the ancient population of Apodotians, who lived at the southwest end of Vardousia and the valley of river Mornos near Ozoles the Locrians. At the northern part dominate Mt Oxia with its highest top Sarantaina (1923 m), Pirgos (1354 m), Tsekoura (1733 m), Ardinis (1699 m) dominate as well as river Evinos with its tributaries. At the southern part dominate Mt Tsakalaki (1710 m), Makrioros (1430 m) and Omalia (1656 m) as well as river Kotsalos which from this point is called Kakkavos. The southern border of the municipality is River Mornos. Most important sites Katafigio the stone bridges of Mornos, Tranorema, river Amoranitikos or Fonioremata and the tributary Koutrobi rema. AnavritiThe very important cave Drakotripa and the precinct church of Agia Paraskevi (1891). Limnitsa The precinct church of Pammegistoi Taxiarches (1866). Kokkinochori The old monastery of Holy Mother and the Byzantine monastery of Chrisovo. Aspria The folklore museum. Kentriki The stone fountains and the stone building of the Primary School. Terpsithea The traditional houses of the village. Elatou The traditional houses of the village, the precinct church of the Saviour’s Transfiguration (1866), the school building (1950), with a very important historicfolklore collection and library and the natural environment with the vast fir forests. Ano Chora The Church of Agia Paraskevi (1918), the old small buss (Karnavalos) that is exhibited in a specially arranged place and the natural environment with the vast fir forests and the chestnut forest. Kato Chora The precinct Church of Agios Dimitrios (1829 and 1864) and the natural environment with the vast fir forest and the chestnut forest. Abelakiotissa The gorge of Kakavos with the stone bridge, the active men’s Monastery of Panagia Abelakiotissa and the precinct church of Agios Nikolaos (1744). Krioneria The abandoned monastery of Agios Dimitrios, the “Manor” of the Habitants of Krioneri Association, where the Historical - Folklore collection is accommodated and the area Lalika of incomparable beauty with fir forests and view to Evinos. Elatovrisi The Historical and Folklore Museum. Lefka The Environmental Center of Information and Documentation and the Unknown Soldier Monument at the entrance of the village. Mandrini The fir and oak forest at the north of the village and the church of the Holy Mother Birth (1815). Grammeni OxiaThe beech forest that surrounds the village is the most southern point of Europe. Alternative tourism Hiking At the European Path E4 that runs through the northern part of the municipality at Ano Chora where a whole network of paths has been created, around the village Grammeni Oxia towards the Oxia forest, around the village Elatou towards the fir forest and the village Limnista towards “Makria Rachi”. Climbing Ascents from the village Kentriki towards the mountain top Tsakalaki and the village Abelakiotissa towards the top Tsekoura. Mountain bike Around Ano Chora towards the oak forest and the village Kentriki and from the village Grigori towards Elatovrisi up to river Evinos. 4x4 routes Endless routes through the forest roads that link the villages.
Northern Nafpaktia
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∆∞•π 26340. 51 400
π™∆√™∂§π¢∞ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∫∆À√ www.efpalio.gov.gr
§∞√°ƒ∞ºπ∫√ ª√À™∂π√ ∂À¶∞§π√À 26340. 52 962
K∂¶ 26340. 52 962 ∞™∆À¡√ªπ∫√ ∆ª∏ª∞ 26340. 51 111 - 52 222
Ã∏™πª∂™ ™∂§π¢∂™ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∫∆À√ www.fokida.gr www.efpalio.gov.gr www.orininafpaktia.gr
¢∞™√¡√ª∂π√ 26340. 51 258 ¢∏ª√∆π∫∞ ¢π∞ª∂ƒπ™ª∞∆∞ √¡√ª∞™π∞
∂∫∆∞™∏
Àæ√ª∂∆ƒ√
¶§∏£À™ª√™ 2001
∞¶√™∆∞™∏ ∞¶√ ¡∞À¶∞∫∆√
∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ ∫¿ÌÔ˜ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ ∫Ï‹Ì· ª·Ï¿Ì·Ù· ª·Ó¿ÁÔ˘ÏË ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ ∆›¯ÈÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ºÈÏÔı¤Ë
22.200 5.400 13.400 4.600 15.500 8.800 8.800 2.800 5.200 7.600 28.800 10.300 20.400 21.100 16.000 13.300
100 450 630 50 360 10 10 10 15 660 850 510 480 580 480 570
762 217 263 782 418 476 563 490 438 195 310 20 370 232 552 347
9 15 22 6 16 7 8 23 17 29 32 29 33 25 12 18 173
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·38
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ °ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙËÓ ÎˆÌfiÔÏË ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Ô˘ ˆ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ··Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºˆÎ›‰·˜ Î·È ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÓfiÙÈ· Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ™Ù· ÓfiÙÈ· ‚Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi ÎfiÏÔ Î·È Û˘ÓÔÚ‡ÂÈ ‰˘ÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ §È‰ÔÚÈΛԢ Î·È ∆ÔÏÔÊÒÓÔ˜ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ºˆÎ›‰·˜. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¢ËÌÔÙÈο ¢È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘, ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘, ∫¿ÌÔ˘, ∫·ÛÙڷΛԢ, ∫Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ª·Ú·ıÈ¿, ªÔÓ·ÛÙËڷΛԢ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ·Ú›Ô˘, ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·˜, ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘, ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜, ∆›¯ÈÔ˘, ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ Î·È ºÈÏÔı¤Ë˜ Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √∆∞ ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ·Ú·Ï›ÔÓÙ·È ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘.
ªfi¯ıÔ˜ ·ÏÏÔÙÈÓ‹˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ·ÁÚÔÙÈ΋˜ ˙ˆ‹˜
174
ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ∂›Ó·È ηٿ ·ÚÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜ Ì ϛÁ˜ ‰ÈÓ¤˜ ÂÎÙ¿ÛÂȘ, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙÔ ¡¢ ÙÔ˘ ÙÌ‹Ì·, ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÏÙ· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ·, Ì ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÙËÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ 1.550 Ì., Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ Ì ¤ÓÙÔÓ˜ ÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi. ÕÏϘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ȉ›Ô˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ fiÁÎÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ∫fiÎη (1.294 Ì.), Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ (1.209 Ì.) ÎÔÓÙ¿ Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· Î·È ÔÈ ÕÁÈÔÈ £Âfi‰ˆÚÔÈ (1.421 Ì.) ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ô˘ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜ §È‰ÔÚÈΛԢ Î·È ∆ÔÏÔÊÒÓÔ˜. ¶ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¡¢ ÔÈ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Û‚‹ÓÔ˘Ó ‚·ıÌÈ·›· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Â‰È¿‰· Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ù˘ Â΂ÔÏ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. æËÏfiÙÂÚË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜ (1.003 Ì.) ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ºÈÏÔı¤Ë˜. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ê˘ÛÈο Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ ‰˘ÙÈο. ∆Ô Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∆ÔÏÔÊÒÓÔ˜. ∆Ô Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ‰È·ÙÚ¤¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜ Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ ∆Ú·ÓfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ Î·È Â΂¿ÏÏÂÈ Ï›ÁÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿. ∏ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ˙ÒÓË ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì-
ÕÔ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ Î¿ÌÔ ÙˆÓ Â΂ÔÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·39
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Û ¢ڇÙÂÚË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÙ·¯ı› ÛÙÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Natura 2000, ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ Ì Έ‰ÈÎfi ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2450004. ŸÏË Ë ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ·fi ÙȘ Â΂ÔϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ ̤¯ÚÈ Î·È ÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ, ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛı› ˆ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ȉȷÈÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ οÏÏÔ˘˜. ™Â ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ô ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Ì ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∆›¯ÈÔ, ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ, ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, Ì ÙË ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Î·È ·Ó›‰· Î·È ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ, Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ·. πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ø˜ ÚÒÙÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙË Ì˘ıÔÏÔÁ›· ÔÈ §¤ÏÂÁ˜, ÚÔÂÏÏËÓÈο ʇÏÏ· Ô˘ ¤Êı·Û·Ó ‰Ò, ηٷ‰ÈˆÎfiÌÂÓÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ 'IˆÓ˜ Ù˘ ª. ∞Û›·˜. ∏ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙˆÓ §ÂϤÁˆÓ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È Û ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∫·ıfi‰Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ¢ˆÚȤˆÓ (ÙÔ 13Ô ·È .Ã.) Î·È ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ·Ó ˆ˜ ʇÏÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ¿ÊÈÍË ÙˆÓ §ÔÎÚÒÓ, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ‚·ıÌÈ·›· ·ÊÔÌÔÈÒıËηÓ. √ Ï·fi˜ Ô˘ ηÙÔ›ÎËÛ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛıËΠ·fi ÙËÓ Û˘Ó¤ÓˆÛË Î·È ·Ó¿ÌÈÍË ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ Ê‡ÏˆÓ, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ √˙fiϘ ∂Û¤ÚÈÔ˘˜ §ÔÎÚÔ‡˜, fiˆ˜ Ì·˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ› Ô ∏Û›Ô‰Ô˜. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹
·ÔÙÂÏ› ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÎÏÂȉ› ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡, ÁÈ·Ù› ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÛÙËÓ Á‡Úˆ ‰·ÊÈ΋ Î·È ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ·˘Ùfi ÂÍËÁÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ‰È·‰Ô¯È΋ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· §ÔÎÚÒÓ, ∫ÔÚÈÓı›ˆÓ, ∞ıËÓ·›ˆÓ, ™·ÚÙÈ·ÙÒÓ, ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Î·È ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ ª·Î‰fiÓˆÓ. ∏ οıÔ‰Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ¢ˆÚȤˆÓ Î·È Ë ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÁÈ· ·ÚÎÂÙfi ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·, ˘‹ÚÍÂ Ë ·ÈÙ›· ÛÙ·ÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ÔÈ ¢ˆÚÈ›˜ ˘‹ÚÍ·Ó Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÂÙÈÎÔ› ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó fï˜ ˙ˆ‹ Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÌfi Ì ÙËÓ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ûȉ‹ÚÔ˘. ∆Ô ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ˆ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ··Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·. ∏ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó˘Ê·Ṳ̂ÓË Ì ÙË ı¤ÛË Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ÙÔ˘ √ÈÓÂÒÓÔ˜ Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ. √ √ÈÓÂÒÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â̤ÓÔ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ‰ÔÏÔÊÔÓ›· ÙÔ˘ ∏ÛÈfi‰Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ πÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ¡ÂÌ›Ԣ, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ·Ú¯·›· Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú›· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ¢¿ÊÓÔ (ªfiÚÓÔ˜). √È √˙fiϘ ∂Û¤ÚÈÔÈ §ÔÎÚÔ› ¤Ï·‚·Ó ̤ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ªÂÛÛËÓÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÔϤÌÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ Î·È ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ 743-723.Ã. Î·È 685668.Ã. ∆Ô 426.Ã. Ô ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi˜ ¢ËÌÔÛı¤Ó˘ Ô ∞ıËÓ·›Ô˜, ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ˆ˜ ÔÚÌËÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔÓ √ÈÓÂÒÓ·, η٤Ϸ‚ ÙÔ ∆›¯ÈÔ, ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, Î·È ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· Ô˘ ›¯·Ó
∂Ú›ȷ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞Ú¯·›· ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·
175
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·40
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ηٷÏËÊı› ·fi ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›˜ Î·È √ÊÈÔÓ›˜. ∂›Û˘ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˆ˜ ÁÂÈÙÓÈ¿˙Ô˘Û· Ì ÙËÓ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ (Ó·˘ÙÈ΋ ‚¿ÛË Î·È ı¤ÛË ÎÏÂȉ›), ›¯Â Á›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÈ ÙˆÓ ÂÌfiÏÂÌˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÔϤÌÔ˘˜. ∆Ô 338 .Ã., fiÙ·Ó ÔÈ ª·Î‰fiÓ˜ η٤Ϸ‚·Ó ÙËÓ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ÔÈ ∂Û¤ÚÈÔÈ §ÔÎÚÔ› Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ (ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘) ˘¤ÁÚ·„·Ó Û˘ÌÌ·¯›· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ª. ∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÔ˘ ηٿ ÙˆÓ ¶ÂÚÛÒÓ. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ ƒˆÌ·›ˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ∂ÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ, ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ·Û¯ÔÏ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ Ì ÙËÓ ÁˆÚÁ›· Î·È ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›· ·Ú¿ Ì ¿ÏϘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜. ¶ÏËÛ›ÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ ª·Ó‰‹Ïˆ ÎÙ›ÛıËÎ·Ó Ó¤ÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ›. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰fi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ πÔ˘ÛÙÈÓÈ·ÓÔ‡ Î·È Ù˘ ‰˘Ó·ÛÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∏Ú·ÎÏ›Ԣ, ‹ÙÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔÓ ÙÔ˘ 6Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ̤¯ÚÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ 7Ô Ì.Ã. ·ÈÒÓ·, Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÈ ¤ÓÙÔÓË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÎÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ›˜ Ó·Ô›. ∏ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÙ·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1204 Ì.Ã. Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË„Ë Ù˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘fiψ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™Ù·˘ÚÔÊfiÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¢' ™Ù·˘ÚÔÊÔÚ›·˜. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ë ¢˘Ó·ÛÙ›· ÙˆÓ ∫ÔÌÓËÓÒÓ Â¤ÏÂÍ ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ·˘Ùfi ÎÙ›ÛıËÎÂ Ë πÂÚ¿ ªÔÓ‹ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜ ÙÔ 1077Ì.Ã. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ, ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÔÚÂÈÓfiÙÂÚ· ̤ÚË Î·È ¯Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Ó¤Ô˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¤ÌÂÈÓ ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ™Ô˘Ï¤˜. 'EÏ·‚·Ó ̤ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ ÂÓ·-
176
∫¿ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ∞Ú¯·›Ô˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙˆÓ ∆Ô‡ÚÎˆÓ ÙÔ 1821 Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ 'EÏÏËÓ˜. ∞ÈÙ›· ·˘ÙÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ÛÙÚ·ÊÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ∆Ô‡ÚÎÔÈ ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ó· ηٷÛÙÚ¤„Ô˘Ó ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ÈÂÚÔ‡˜ Ó·Ô‡˜ Î·È ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· Î·È Ó· ·Ú·‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ ʈÙÈ¿˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÈÎfi ˙˘Áfi Î·È ÙËÓ Â·Ó·Û‡ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ∫Ú¿ÙÔ˘˜ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Í·Ó¿. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Î·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ ‰ÂÛfi˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ µ’ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ fiÏÂÌÔ Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Î·Ù¿ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÎÙËÙÒÓ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÒÓ Î·È πÙ·ÏÒÓ, ¤ÊÂÚ ¿ÏÈ ÛÙÔ ÚÔÛ΋ÓÈÔ ÙË ¢˘ÙÈ΋ ¢ˆÚ›‰·. §fiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙˆÓ ÔÚÂÈÓÒÓ fiÁÎˆÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÏϤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÓÙ·ÚÙÒÓ, Ô˘ ¤ÊÂÚ·Ó Î·›ÚÈ· Ï‹ÁÌ·Ù· ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÎÙËÙÒÓ. √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - πÙ¤·˜, Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ·Ú·Ïȷο ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘: ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ, ª·Ú·ıÈ¿, ™Î¿ÏˆÌ· Î·È ¶·Ú·Ï›· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜. ∞fi ÙÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ Î·È 2 ¯ÏÌ. ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ¶·Ú·Ï›· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Â› Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·41
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
°ÂÓÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
∂ÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ •ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ¢ı›· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ‰È·ÎÏ·‰›˙ÂÙ·È. ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ Î·È ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰È·ÎÏ¿‰ˆÛË Ô ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ, ·fi ÙË ·ÏÈ¿ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ì ÙÔ͈ٿ Ï¿ÁÈ· ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο, ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ∞˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘. §›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂΛ ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ·, 1 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ó¤· ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ, ÂÚ›Ô˘ 6 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ‚·ÛÈ΋ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Î·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶Â˘Î¿ÎÈ, ¡¤· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú·, ª·ÁԇϷ, ¶ËÁ‹ Î·È ∫Ï‹Ì·. ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÎfiÌ‚Ô Î·È ¿ÏÈ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ô‰ÈÎfi ¿ÍÔÓ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ·Ú·Î¿Ì„ÂȘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ Î·È ºÈÏÔı¤Ë. ¶ÂÚ›Ô˘ 8,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Ã¿ÓÈ
º·ÛÔ˘Ï¿, Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÎfiÌ‚Ô˜ fiÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫¿ÌÔ˜ Î·È ¶·ÏÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜, ÂÓÒ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ÛÙË ÌÔÓ‹ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ Ó¤Ô ·˘Ùfi ÎfiÌ‚Ô, 3 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿, ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘: ∆›¯ÈÔ, ¶·ÏÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ Î·È ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·. √ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÿÓÈ ƒ¤ÚÂÛÈ. ∞ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË fiÔ˘ Ô ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Î·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ÂÓÒ Ô ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Î·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙË ºˆÎ›‰·. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ∆Ô Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ΈÌfiÔÏË Î·È ÛÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ °ÚËÁÔÚ›ÙÈη. To ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ÌÈ· ÛÙÂÓ‹ ψڛ‰· Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ Î·È ÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ∆Ô Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓÈ¿˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘. ∆Ô ‚Ô˘Ófi ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÛÎËÙ‹ ŸÛÈÔ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ÚÒÙÔ˜ ÎÙ‹ÙÔÚ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ 177
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·42
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔÚ·˜ (1077 Ì.Ã.). ∫·Ù·ÁfiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ∫·Ú˘¿, ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ·Û΋ıËÎÂ Ô fiÛÈÔ˜ Û ÛËÏÈ¿ ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ∫·Ú˘¿˜. ∆Ô Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠ۠ӷ˛‰ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙȘ 8 ª·˚Ô˘. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi Î·È Ë ∞Á›· ∆Ú¿Â˙· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ. ÷ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÚË̤̈ÓÔÈ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÕÓˆ ∫·Ú˘¿ (˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 999 Ì.) Î·È Ï›ÁÔ ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ Ë ∫¿Ùˆ ∫·Ú˘¿. ∞ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ˜ Ô ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ˆÚ·›· ‰fiÌËÛË ÛÙËÓ ÕÓˆ ∫·Ú˘¿, ÂÓÒ ÛÙËÓ ∫¿Ùˆ Ë ÎfiÁ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ™˘Ú›‰ˆÓ· Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋. ∂›Û˘ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‚Ú‡ÛË fiÔ˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ë "η̿ڷ" Î·È ÔÈ "·Ú·ı‡Ú˜". √È ∫·Ú˘ÒÙ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÙÔ›ÎËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË. ∫·ÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ηڢÒÙÈÎÔ˘˜ ÏfiÊÔ˘˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓË £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˘ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∫·Ú˘ÒÙË Û ÌÈ· Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙË ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ∫Ù›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1150 Ì.Ã. ·fi ÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ∞˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· ª·ÓÔ˘‹Ï ∞' ∫ÔÌÓËÓfi. ∂›Ó·È ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi˜ ÛÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ÎÔÌ„ÔÙ¤¯ÓËÌ· Ì ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ÙÔȯÔÁڷʛ˜ (13Ô˘ ·È.), ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ÏÈÓıÔÂÚ›‚ÏËÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô ÙÔ˘ ÂχıÂÚÔ˘ ÛÙ·˘ÚÔ‡ Ì ÙÚÔ˘ÏÔο̷ڷ. ∂‰Ò ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ Ô˘ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 12 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ™ÂÚ‚¤ÏÈ (™ÂÚ‚ÂÏ‹) Û ÏfiÊÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ √ıˆÌ·ÓÈÎfi ÎÙÈÚÈ·Îfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ· (ÙÔ˘ÚÎÈο ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, ‹ ™·Ú¿È ‹ ¶·ÏÈÔÛ·Ú¿ÁÈÔ), fiÔ˘ ‰È¤ÌÂÓÂ Ô √ıˆÌ·Ófi˜ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ‡¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ (∞Á¿˜ ‹ ª¤Ë˜). ¶ÈÔ „ËÏ¿ ·' ÙÔ ™·Ú¿È Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∑·Ú·‚¤ÏÈ ‹ ™ÂÚ‚¤ÏÈ. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ·ÌÊÈı·ÙÚÈ΋ ı¤ÛË Ù˘ Ï·ÁÈ¿˜ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ™ÂÚ‚ÂÏfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ∫·Ú˘ÒÙË. ™ÙÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ¿ÎÚÔ Â›Ó·È Ë ™ÂÚ178
‚ÂÏÈÒÙÈÎË ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈ΋ ‚Ú‡ÛË. ∂ÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ÷ڷϿÌÔ˘˜. ¡fiÙÈ· Â›Ó·È Ù· §·ÎÎÒÌ·Ù· Ô Ì·ÎÚfiÛÙÂÓÔ˜ ÏfiÊÔ˜ "µ›ÁÏ·" Ô˘ ˆ˜ ηڷԇÏÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚ› ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ·¤Ó·ÓÙ› ÙÔ˘. ¢˘ÙÈο, ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∫·Ú˘ÒÙË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ °ÚËÁÔÚ›ÙÈη, Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ
∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
¶¤ÙÚÈÓÔ Û›ÙÈ ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ
∫·ıÔÏÈÎfi ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·43
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÂÌʇÏÈÔ ·fi ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ‡ Ó·˘·ÎÙÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ °ÚËÁfiÚÈ. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎÂ Î·È Î·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - §È‰ˆÚ›ÎÈ. ∫·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ª·Óًψ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ Ì¤Û· Û ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Â›Ó·È Ë ÎˆÌfiÔÏË ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ, Ì ÙȘ ÔÏϤ˜ ËÁ¤˜ Î·È Ù· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÓÂÚ¿. ªÂ ÙȘ 3 Ï·Ù›˜ Ù˘ (∫·Ú˘¿˜, ∂Ï¢ıÂÚ›Ô˘ µÂÓÈ˙¤ÏÔ˘ Î·È ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘), ÙÔÓ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ Ì ÙÔ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Î·Ì·Ó·ÚÈfi - ÚÔÏfiÈ, Ô˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ 1912 ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, Ì ÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ - §‡ÎÂÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô (¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1964), ÙËÓ ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙË ËÁ‹ ¿ÌÏ·˜, ÙËÓ ¶Ï·Ù·Ófi‚Ú˘ÛË, ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ (‹ °‡ÚÔ˜ ‹ ÃÙ›ÚÈ·) fiÔ˘ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È Ë ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË √ÈÓÂÒÓ, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô Î·È ÎÔÛÌ› ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ÁÔËÙ¢ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙfiÔ˜ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·ÛÙڷΛԢ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫·ÙڷΛԢ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó √Ì¤Ú ∂ʤÓÙË ·fi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ √ıˆÌ·ÓÔ‡ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÔ‡¯Ô˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó‹ÎÂ. ∆Ô 1928 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ. ¶‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ·Ú¯·›Ô Ô¯‡ÚˆÌ· Û Úfi‚ÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈ-
ÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Î·È µ∞ Ù˘ Á¤Ê˘Ú·˜. ∂›Û˘ µ¢ ÛÙÔÓ ÏfiÊÔ ¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ (357 Ì.) ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ™È‰ÂڿψÓÔ, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘. ∂‰Ò ÛÙ· οÛÙÚ· ·˘Ù¿ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È Î·Ù¿ Ì›· ¿Ô„Ë ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ, ·ÊÔ‡ Ô √ÈÓÂÒÓ Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Î·È Ô £Ô˘Î˘‰›‰Ë˜ ‹Ù·Ó Û·Ê‹˜: "…Î·È ÔÚ¢fiÌÂÓÔ˜ √ÈÓÂÒÓ· ·ÈÚ› Î·È ∂˘¿ÏˆÓ." (¶ÚÒÙ· ÙÔÓ √ÈÓÂÒÓ· Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÁÈ· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ). ∂›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫·ÛÙڷΛԢ, ÛÙËÓ ËÁ‹ µÔ˘ÏˆÌ¤ÓË, ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ¡ÂÌ›Ԣ ¢Èfi˜, Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙË ‰ÔÏÔÊÔÓ›· ÙÔ˘ ÔÈËÙ‹ ∏ÛÈfi‰Ô˘. ∂‰Ò ›¯Â ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ‰‡ÛÂÈ Î·È ∞ıËÓ·›Ô˜ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁfi˜ ¢ËÌÔÛı¤Ó˘ ÙÔ 426 .Ã. ÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ. ™ÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ‚Ú‡Û˘, Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛÙËÎÂ, ‰Â Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓ ›¯ÓË Ó·Ô‡ Ô˘ ÂÓÙfiÈÛ ÙÔ 1907 Ô ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏfi-
ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ
∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·44
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÁÔ˜ - ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ °. ™ˆÙËÚÈ¿‰Ë˜. √ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ª·Ó‰‹Ïˆ, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, Ô˘ ÁÂÈÙÓÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙȷ΋ ¢¿ÊÓË Î·È ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ› Ì ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›· ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÂÓٷο̷Ú˘ Á¤Ê˘Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ (1939). ∂‰Ò ÂÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ, Ô ·Ú·fiÙ·Ìfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ª·Óًψ. ¡fiÙÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ÌÈ· ‡ÊÔÚË Â‰È¿‰· ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô Î¿ÌÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Â΂ÔÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘, Ô ‰ˆÚÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ fi¯ıË ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ Î·È Ô Ó·˘·ÎÙÈ·Îfi˜ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋. ∏ ‰ȿ‰· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓfi‚Ú·¯Ô, ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ªÔÓ·ÛÙËڷΛԢ ∆Ô ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿, ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - πÙ¤·˜ Î·È Êı¿ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, fiÔ˘ Ô ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ fiÚÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘. ªÂ µ·ÛÈÏÈÎfi ¢È¿Ù·ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ 1907 ȉڇıËÎÂ Ë "Ó¤· ÎÒÌË ˘fi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈÔÓ". ∂›Ó·È ÙÔ "Ó·ÚfiÙÂÚÔ" ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘, ·ÏÏ¿ ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔ¸‹Ú¯Â ¿Ù˘Ô˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ΢ڛˆ˜ ·fi „·Ú¿‰Â˜. ∏ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÏËÌ¿ÎÈ· (ªÂÛÈ·Ófi Î·È ¶¤Ú· ∫Ï‹Ì·) Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 1890 Ë ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ √ÈÓÂÒÓÔ˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ·Ú·ÏÈ·Îfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Î·È ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ. 'E¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·-
180
∆Ô ÌÈÎÚfi ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ
ÎÙËÚÈÛı› Ì µ·ÛÈÏÈÎfi ¢È¿Ù·ÁÌ· Î·È ÀÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ∞fiÊ·ÛË ˆ˜ ÙfiÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È È‰È·ÈÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ οÏÏÔ˘˜, ·ÊÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·ÌÊÈı·ÙÚÈο Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Î·È ı˘Ì›˙ÂÈ ¤ÓÙÔÓ· ÓËÛ›. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ô ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏÈÛÙÔ‡ ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ÁÏ˘Ùfi Ù¤ÌÏÔ, ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘‹Ú¯Â ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÌÈÎÚfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ (ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ), Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ Èı·ÓfiÓ Â›¯Â Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ª·ÁԇϷ˜. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ô fiÚÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËڷΛԢ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È ·fi ÌÈ· ÛÙÂÓ‹ ‚Ú·¯Ò‰Ë ÏÔ˘Ú›‰·, Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ∞ÁÁÔ˘Ú¿ÎÈ, Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ "∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˜" ‹ "∫ÔÎÎÈÓfi‚Ú·¯Ô˜", Ô˘ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙË ÃÈÏÈ·‰Ô‡. ∆Ô ¤Ùڈ̷ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓfi‚Ú·¯Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˜ ÌÈÎÚÔÎÚ˘ÛÙ·ÏÏÈÎfi˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÂÓ·ÏÏ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ì ·ÚÁÈÏÈ-
¶·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi Û›ÙÈ ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÎÔ‡˜ Û¯ÈÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˘˜ ¯ÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˘ÔÚ¿ÛÈÓÔ˘˜ ¤ˆ˜ ÂÚ˘ıÚÔ‡ Î·È Ú·‰ÈÔÏÔ˘Ú›Ù˜. ∞fi ÙÔ ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· ÚÔ‹ÏıÂ Î·È ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ·. ¢›Ï· ÛÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˜ Ë ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û· ¿Ô„Ë ÙÔÔıÂÙ› ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜ ‚˘ı›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·, ›Ûˆ˜ ·fi ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÛÂÈÛÌfi, fiˆ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙÔ ‚˘ıfi. Œ¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Ë ‚˘ıÈṲ̂ÓË fiÏË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË "•¤Ú·" Î¿Ô˘ 500 Ì. ·fi ÙÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô ̤۷ ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ŒÙÛÈ Ë ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÓfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È ÛÙËÓ Ï·˚΋ ¤ÎÊÚ·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ "ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ" Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ôχ ¢¯¿ÚÈÛÙË ¤ÎÏËÍË. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ §·Ù›ÓÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ∆›ÙÔ §›‚ÈÔ, Ô º›ÏÈÔ˜ Ô ∂', Ô ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿˜ Ù˘ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜, ÛÙ· 208 .Ã. ¤Ú·Û Ì ٷ ÏÔ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ∂ΛÓË ÏÔÈfiÓ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÔÈ §ÔÎÚÈΤ˜ ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›·. º·›ÓÂÙ·È ÏÔÈfiÓ fiÙÈ, ÛÙ· 200 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ô˘ ¤Ú·Û·Ó, ÙÔ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ ÙÔ˘ √ÈÓÂÒÓ· ÚÔÛ¯ˆÌ·ÙÒıËÎÂ Î·È ·Ó·ÏËÚÒıËΠ·fi ÙȘ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈΤ˜ ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜. ™ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ∞ÁÁÔ˘Ú¿ÎÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Ï·Í¢Ùfi˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜, ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο Î·È ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÁÓÒÚÈÛ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·ÎÌ‹ ηٿ ÙËÓ ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1930 ÔfiÙÂ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·ÌÂÙ·ÎÔÌÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÌÔÚ›Ô˘ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚ˘ Ù˘ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È Â›¯Â ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ·ÎÙÔÏÔ˚΋ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË Ì ÙËÓ ¶¿ÙÚ· Î·È ÙÔ æ·ıfi˘ÚÁÔ. ∆Ô Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜, Ì ÔÏϤ˜
¯¿Ú˜. ∆Ô ÌÈÎÚfi Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÏÈÌ·Ó¿ÎÈ, Ù· fiÌÔÚÊ· Û›ÙÈ·, ÙÔ ·Ú·ı¿Ï·ÛÛÔ, Ë ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÏÈÌÓԇϷ ‰›Ï· ÛÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓfi‚Ú·¯Ô˘, ÔÈ ÔÚÌ›ÛÎÔÈ Ì ÙȘ ‰·ÓÙÂϤÓȘ ·ÎÚÔÁÈ·ÏȤ˜, Ë ÏÈÏÈÔ‡ÙÂÈ· ÏÈÌÓԇϷ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ ı¤ÚÂÙÚÔ ÁÈ· ÍÂÎÔ‡Ú·ÛË Î·È ·fiÏ·˘ÛË Ê‡Û˘. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ™Î¿ÏˆÌ·. ∏ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÛοϷ, ·Ô‚¿ıÚ· fiÔ˘ ¿Ú·˙·Ó ÏÔÈ¿ÚÈ·. ™‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ù· Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Êı¿ÛÂÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ. ∫·Ù‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿˜ ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Î·È Ô Ï·ÎÔÛÙڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ - ÚÔÎ˘Ì·›· ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ù· ·Ú·Ïȷο Û›ÙÈ· ·fi ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ∆Ô Î·ÏÔη›ÚÈ Ë ·ÎÙ‹ Â›Ó·È ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ·fi ÎÔÏ˘Ì‚ËÙ¤˜ ∂›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÂÍ·›ÚÂÙÔ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ı¤ÚÂÙÚÔ. µfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ Â›Ó·È Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ª·ÁԇϷ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 120 Ì. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎfi ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi. ™ÙË ª·ÁԇϷ ˘‹Ú¯Â ªÂÙfi¯È Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ £ÂÚÌÒÓ.
∏ ·Ú·Ï›· ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ï‹Ì·
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ µ∞ ·fi ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∫Ï‹Ì· ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘, Ì ·¤Ú·ÓÙË ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi, ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Â‰È¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ∂‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û ÂÚ›ÔÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÙˆÓ ı˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ 5/42 Û˘ÓÙ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¢ËÌ. æ·ÚÔ‡.
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈÓÔÊfiÚÔ˜, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ‡·Ú͢ ÔÏÏÒÓ ·ÌÂÏÈÒÓ. ∆Ô ∫Ï‹Ì· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ù·Ó ·fi ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÛÙÔ ÁÓˆÛÙfi ÎÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈÔ Ô˘ ÌÓËÌÔÓ‡ÂÈ Ô °¿ÏÏÔ˜ È·ÙÚfi˜ Î·È ÚfiÍÂÓÔ˜ ¶Ô˘Î‚›Ï ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È: ∞¿Óˆ ∫Ï‹Ì·, ∫¿Ùˆ ∫Ï‹Ì· Î·È Â›Û˘ ··ÓÙÈfiÓÙ·Ó: ¶¤Ú· ∫Ï‹Ì·, ¢Òı ∫Ï‹Ì·, ª¤Û· ∫Ï‹Ì· ‹ Ô ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ Ù‡Ô˜ ∫ÏËÌ¿ÎÈ·. ∆Ô 1907 ›¯Â 5 ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ô Î·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ™ˆÙËÚÈ¿‰Ë˜ Ô˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ·fi Ù· ÔÓfiÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÙÒÓ. ∂›Û˘ ··ÓÙÈfiÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ª·ÛÙ¤ÛÈ (ª·ÛÙ·›ÔÈ), ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú·, ∫Ô˘Ï·›ÔÈ, ∫ÔÎÎÈÓ·›ÔÈ, ¡ÂÚ·ÓÙ˙Ȥ˜, Ô˘ ÚÔÛ·ÚÙ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1971 ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¶ËÁ‹. ™‹ÌÂÚ· ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi 3 ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜, ÙÔ ∫Ï‹Ì·, ÙËÓ ¶ËÁ‹ Î·È Ù· ¡¤· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú·. √È Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ªÂÛÈÓfi, ∫Ô˘Ï·›ÔÈ, ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú· Î·È ∫ÔÎÎÈÓ·›ÔÈ Î·Ù·ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÙÔ 1971 ˆ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› Î·È ÚÔÛ·ÚÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙÔ Ó¤Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¡¤· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú· ÛÙËÓ ÙfiÙ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ∫Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘. ∆· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú· Â›Ó·È ·Ï·Èfi˜ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎfi˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÊı› ·fi ÙÔ 1965 ÏfiÁˆ ηÙÔÏÈÛı‹ÛˆÓ. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹, fiˆ˜ ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜, fi¯ıË Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜. ¶·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÂΛ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘. √ Ó¤Ô˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ¡¤· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ¶ËÁ‹˜ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 3 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ÛÙË
182
∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘
∆Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÛÙÔ ∫Ï‹Ì·
‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜. ∫‡ÚÈÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ fiψ˜ Ô˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ›‰Ú˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘. ∂‰Ò Ôχ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋˜ 4Ô˘ Ì.Ã. ·È. ∂' ·˘Ù‹˜ ›¯Â ÎÙÈÛı› ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∞Ó·Ï‹„ˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜, ·Ï·ÈÔÏÔÁ›Ԣ ÂÔ¯‹˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ·Í›·˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˘˜, ÂȯÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÎÚ‡Ù˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, „ËÊȉˆÙ¿ ‰¿Â‰·, ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÌ·‰ÈÎfi ÎÔÏ˘Ì‚ËÙ‹ÚÈÔ Î·È ™‡ÓıÚÔÓÔ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ∞Á›· ∆Ú¿Â˙·. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘. ∞˘ÙfiÓÔÌÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ¶ËÁ‹ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 180 Ì. µ¢ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 3 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ∫Ï‹Ì·. ∂›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ηÈ
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
™›ÙÈ ÛÙÔ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ
∂ÎÎÏËÛ›· ÛÙÔ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ
̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1960 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ÔÈ ∫·ÁΤϘ (ÎÔÚ‰¤Ï˜, ÛÙÚÔʤ˜). ¶ÈÔ ·ÏÈ¿ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ™ÙڷٿψÓÔ. ∏ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜ Â›Ó·È Î¿ÙÈ ÙÔ ˘¤ÚÔ¯Ô. ™ÙËÓ ¶·Ï·È¿ ƒ¿¯Ë οو ·fi ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ª·ÛÙ¤ÛÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¢ÚÂı› Ï›„·Ó· ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘. ∂‰Ò ÙÔÔıÂÙ› Ô ™ˆÙËÚÈ¿‰Ë˜ ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔÓ Î·È Ô ÕÁÁÏÔ˜ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜ Woodhouse ÙÔÓ √ÈÓÂÒÓ·. √ √ÈÓÂÒÓ fï˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ Î·È Ë ·ÎÙ‹ Â›Ó·È ‚Ú·¯Ò‰Ë˜ Î·È Î·Ó¤Ó·˜ fiÚÌÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÎÙÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹, ÁÈ· Ó· ˘¿ÚÍÂÈ ¤Ó· ÛÙÔȯÂÈ҉˜ ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ. ∂›Û˘ ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËΠı·Ï·ÌÔÂȉ‹˜ Ì˘ÎËÓ·˚Îfi˜ Ù¿ÊÔ˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË °Ô‡‚· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÎÚËÌÓÒ‰Ë ·ÎÙ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËڷΛԢ.
ÎÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ¶Â˘Î¿ÎÈ. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 100 Ì. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1940 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯¿ÓÈ Î·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1961 ¶·Ï·Èfi¯·ÓÔ. ∆Ô Ó¤Ô ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ ‹Ú ·fi ÌÈÎÚfi ‡ÎÔ Ô˘ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÂÚ›Ô˘ ΤÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, fiÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÚÔ·‡ÏÈfi ÙÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô ·Ó‰ÚÈ¿ÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ¢ÂÚÁ¤ÙË ÙÔ˘ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ¡ÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ∫Ô˘‚¤ÏË. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ӷ Ì ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Î·È ÙȘ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ ›ӷÈ: ∆· ∆·ÌÔ‡ÚÈ·. £˘Ì›˙Ô˘Ó ÛÂÏ›‰Â˜ ‰fiÍ·˜ Ù˘ ·ӿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ '21. ∆˘ ÷ڿ˜ ÙÔ ªÓ‹Ì·. ∏ ÷ڿ, ηٿ ÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÎfiÚË ÙÔ˘ ¡fi‚· Ô˘ ÙËÓ ·‹Á·Á·Ó ÔÈ ÏËÛÙ¤˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ¿ÚÔ˘Ó Ï‡ÙÚ·. ∆ËÓ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ÛËÏÈ¿ Î·È ÙË ÛÎfiÙˆÛ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Ã·Ú¿˜ ªÓ‹Ì·. ŸÌˆ˜ ·Ú¯Âȷο ¤ÁÁÚ·Ê· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È¢ÎÚÈÓ›ÛÂÈ Ï‹Úˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·. ∏ ›ıÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÏËÛÙÒÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ 1835 ÛÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ, ÛÎfiÙˆÛ·Ó ÙË Ì¿Ó· ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ó·Á‹ ¡fi‚· Î·È ·‹Á·Á·Ó ÙË Á˘Ó·›Î· ÙÔ˘ ÃÚ˘Û‹ Î·È ÙË ı˘Á·Ù¤Ú· ÙÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋. ∏ ÃÚ˘Û‹ ηÙfiÚıˆÛ ӷ ‰È·Ê‡ÁÂÈ, ÂÓÒ Ë ı˘Á·Ù¤Ú· ·Ê¤ıËΠÂχıÂÚË ÙËÓ 1Ë πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘ 1835, ·ÊÔ‡ ÔÈ ÏËÛÙ¤˜ ¤Ï·‚·Ó 3.500 ‰Ú¯. χÙÚ·. ∆Ô ¶¤˙ÂÌ·. £¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ÍÂÎÔ˘Ú·˙fiÙ·Ó Ô ∞Á¿˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ Ì¿˙ÂÌ· ÙˆÓ
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘ µ∞ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1961 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ∫·Ú‰¿Ú· ·fi ÙÔ ÁÓˆÛÙfi ÔÈÌÂÓÈÎfi Û·Ԙ. ∆Ô Ó¤Ô ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‰ÚÔÛÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ Îϛ̷ ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ˘ Ô˘ ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ ‰ÂÓ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË ·ÏÏ¿ ÎÔÓÙ¿ Î·È Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÏfiÊÔ ∞ÂÙÔʈÏÈ¿ (581 Ì.) ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶¤Ú· ÈÚÈfi. º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËΠÛÙË 10ÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1860. ∆Ô ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ ¤¯ÂÈ Ì·Á¢ÙÈ΋ Î·È ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ÙË ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·. ∞¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ 7 ¯ÏÌ. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏÈÛÙ‹˜ §Ô˘Î¿˜. ™ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ˘ ·Ó‹-
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛÂ Î·È ÙÔ ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi (∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔÓ - ∆ÚÂȘ ÎÔÚʤ˜). ª·Á¢ÙÈ΋ Ë ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ‹ÚÈÔ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤· Ô˘ ηÙÔÙ‡ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·. ∆Ú›· ¯ÏÌ. ¡¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ (™È‰ÂڿψÓÔ) ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ï›„·Ó· ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ
∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ
ÊfiÚˆÓ. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù¿ÊÔÈ. ∆Ô ∫·Ú·Ì¿ÛÈ. ∑¢ÁÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔÓ πÌÚ·‹Ì •ÂÓÙ¤ ∂ʤÓÙË, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÙÔ Â›¯Â ÂÓÔÈÎÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙË ªÔÓ‹ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· Î·È ÙÔ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈ˙fiÙ·Ó. ªÂÙ¿ ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒıËÎÂ Î·È ÙÔ ‰ÈÂΉÈÎÔ‡Û ˆ˜ ÂıÓÈ΋ ÁË ÙÔ ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ. ™Ò˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ 15 ÔÈΛÛΈÓ, ÂÓfi˜ ‡ÚÁÔ˘, 6 ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙˆÓ ËÁ·‰ÈÒÓ, ÂÓfi˜ Ó·Ô‡ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›· Î·È ÌÈ·˜ ‚Ú‡Û˘ ÛÙÔ ª·ÚÎfiÚÂÌ·. ™Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÙÔ Î·ÙÔÈÎÔ‡Û·Ó 8 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘ µ¢ ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1930 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó µÏ·¯ÔοÙÔ˘ÓÔ (‚Ï¿¯Ô˜ Î·È Î¿ÙÔ˘ÓÔ = ηٷ˘ÏÈÛÌfi˜ ‚Ï¿¯ˆÓ, ÔÈ̤ӈÓ). ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 15 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÌÈ·˜ ÏÔÊÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜
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ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÂÎÙ·Ú›Ô˘
∂›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÂÎÙ·Ú›Ô˘
∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ ∞Á›ˆÓ ∞˘ÁÔ˘ÛÙ›ÓˆÓ Î·È ™ÂÚ·ÊÂ›Ì ÙÔ˘ ™·ÚÒÊ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î¿ÛÙÚÔ ·˘Ùfi Ì ÙÔ §ÔÎÚÈÎfi ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ, Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ï›ÁÔ ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ. ∏ fiÏË ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ÙfiÙ ı· ÎÈÓ‰‡Ó¢·Ó fiÏ· Ù· ÏÔÎÚÈο οÛÙÚ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ (∂˘¿ÏÈÔ, √ÈÓÂÒÓ, ∂Ú˘ıÚ¤˜, ÎÙÏ). ¶ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ‡˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ 5Ô .Ã. ·ÈÒÓ·.
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∂ÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÛÙËÓ ºÈÏÔı¤Ë
¶¤ÙÚÈÓÔ Û›ÙÈ ÛÙË ºÈÏÔı¤Ë
¶¤ÓÙ ¯ÏÌ. µ¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÁÈfiÊ˘ÚÔ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ ÙË ¢ˆÚ›‰· Ì ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈÎfi ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Á‡Úˆ ÛÙÔ 1300 Ì.Ã., Ô˘ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó Û Ó¢ڷÏÁÈ΋ ı¤ÛË Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ Ù¯ÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ÙÔ Î·ıÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ·ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈο. ∞ÎfiÌ· Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Î·È Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ. ∆¤ÛÛÂÚ· ¯ÏÌ. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ∞ÁÈÔÓ¤ÚÈ, ËÁ‹ Ì ȷ̷ÙÈÎfi ÓÂÚfi. ™ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ‰‡Ô Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ· ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ·, Ô˘ Ù· ÚÔÛÂÏÎ‡Ô˘Ó ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ ÚÔÛ΢ÓËÙ¤˜. ∏ ·Ó‰ÚÒÓ· ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›ˆÓ ∞˘ÁÔ˘ÛÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È ™ÂÚ·ÊÂ›Ì ÙÔ˘ ™·ÊÒÊ (1991) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î¿Ô˘ 500 Ì. µ∞ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Û ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ∞Á›· ™ˆÙ‹Ú·. ∆Ô 1990 ȉڇıËÎÂ Ë Á˘Ó·ÈΛ· ªÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ¡ÂÎÙ·Ú›Ô˘. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂÏ·ÈfiÊ˘ÙË Ï·ÁÈ¿ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·Ì·ÍÈÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÚÈÓ 5 ¯ÏÌ. ·' ·˘Ùfi. §›Á˜ ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ̤ÙÚ· ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ, ‰›Ï· ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ Ó·˝ÛÎÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘. ∂›Û˘ Î·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË Õ˚ µ·Û›Ï˘, ÛÙË ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎÒÓ ÔÛÙڿΈÓ, ıÚ·˘ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Èı·ÚÈÒÓ, ÎÙÏ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ºÈÏÔı¤Ë˜ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ Î·È µ¢ ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ºÈÏÔı¤Ë, Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 10 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1959 ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó °ÎÔ˘Ì·›ÔÈ, ·fi ÙÔ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈ·Îfi fiÓÔÌ· °Îԇ̷˜, Ô˘ ÙÔ ¤ÊÂÚ ‚Ï·¯ÔÔÈ̤ӷ˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙËÓ ˘ËÚÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜. ∆Ô Ó¤Ô fiÓÔÌ· ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ˘¤ÚÔ¯Ë Î·È ÁÔËÙ¢ÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›Ô˘. ∆Ô ÔÚÂÈÓfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÎÚ‡‚ÂÈ ¤Ó· ıËÛ·˘Úfi Ô˘ ϤÁÂÙ·È ¤ÙÚ·, ÔÈÎ›ÏˆÓ ¯ÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ Î·È Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ÎÙ›ÛÈÌÔ ÛÈÙÈÒÓ. ŒÙÛÈ Ë ÂÍfiÚ˘ÍË Î·È Ë ÂÌÔÚ›· Ù˘ ¤ÙÚ·˜ Â›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÁÓÒÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ηıÒ˜ 185
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ Î·È ÔÈ ÓÙfiÈÔÈ Ì·ÛÙfiÚÔÈ - ÎÙ›ÛÙ˜ Î·È Ì·ÛÙÚÔÂÏÂοÓÔÈ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈ˙‹ÙËÙÔÈ. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Á·ı‹ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÛÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ó· ΢Úȷگ› ÛÙ· ÎÙ›ÚÈ· Î·È ÛÙ· Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙ· Ë ÊÈÏÔı¿ÙÈÎË ¤ÙÚ·, ÁÈ· Ó· ¿ÚÂÈ Â¿ÍÈ· ÙÔÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ "¶¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ù˘ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜". ∆· ÎÂÚ·ÌÔÛ΋ Î·È ¤ÙÚÈÓ· ÎÙ‹ÚÈ· ÂȉÈ΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜, Ù· Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙ· ÙˆÓ ·˘ÏÒÓ Î·È Ï·ÙÂÈÒÓ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÈ· ͯˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÙÔ ÛÙÔÏ›˙ÂÈ Ë Ï·Ù›· fiÔ˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË, Ì ÙË ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‰fiÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. ŸÏ· ‰Ò, ηıÒ˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ·, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÛΤÙË fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘, ÙÔ Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ, Ù· Â˙Ô‡ÏÈ·, ÙÔ ÛÈÓÙÚÈ‚¿ÓÈ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ˘fi ÙËÓ ÛÎÈ¿ ·ÈˆÓfi‚ÈÔ˘ Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘. µ¢ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 1 ¯ÏÌ. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 650 Ì., ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛ˘. ∂›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÂÙÚ҉˜ ‡„ˆÌ· Ì ·fiÎÚËÌÓÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜. ∏ ı¤· Â›Ó·È ·¤Ú·ÓÙË Î·È ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈο ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·ÙfiÙ¢ÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ∞ıËÓ·›Ô˘ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÔ‡ ¢ËÌÔÛı¤ÓË Î·Ù¿ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÁÓˆÛÙ¤˜ ÔÈ ·ÈÙˆÏÈΤ˜ fiÏÂȘ: ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔÓ, ∆›¯ÈÔÓ, ∞ÈÁ›ÙÈÔÓ. ∫·Ì›· ·' ·˘Ù¤˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ Ù·˘ÙÈÛı› ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ·Ó·Ûηʤ˜. °È' ·˘Ùfi ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ·fi„ÂˆÓ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓÒ˜ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙfi.
186
∂˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ∞Ú¯·›· ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·
∂Ô̤ӈ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì ÔÈ· ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ºÈÏÔı¤Ë˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È Ë ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙË §ÔÎÚ›‰·. ∞Ú¯·›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛı› ‰˘ÙÈο ÛÙË ı¤ÛË "ª¿ÚÌ·Ú·˜" Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· ÛÙËÓ "∞ÏÔÁÎÔÚÙÛÈ¿". ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ·' ÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊÒÓ ∫ÔÊÙÂÚ‹ (788 Ì.) Î·È ∫·ÛÙÚ› (1.040 Ì.) ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ë ª·Óًψ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÂÍ·›ÛÈ·˜ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿˜ Ì ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ¯ÏˆÚ›‰· Î·È ·Ó›‰·. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË £¤ÚÌ· (‹ £ÂÚÌ¿) Ì ¿ÊıÔÓ· ËÁ·›· ÓÂÚ¿, › ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ∫Ú·ÓÈ¿, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÙˆÓ £¤Ú̈Ó, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠηٿ ÙËÓ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È ÂÚÈ‹Ïı ˆ˜ ªÂÙfi¯È ÛÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜. ∂› ÙÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ηıÔÏÈÎÔ‡, Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ó·¯ı› ÛÙËÓ ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1204 ÂÔ¯‹, Èı·-
ÕÔ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ∫¿ÌÔ˘
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∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆›¯ÈÔ
ÓfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ ∫ÔÌÓ‹ÓÂÈ· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô, ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1964 Ó·˝ÛÎÔ˜ Î·È Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ 24 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘, Ù' Õ˚ °È·ÓÓÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ƒÈÁ·Ó¿, ÛÙ‹ÓÂÙ·È ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ ÛÙÔ ÂÙڿψÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË 700 Ì. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· "¢Ò‰Âη ¶Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·", Ô˘ fiÓÙ·˜ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚È· Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∂Ï΢ÛÙÈο Ê˘ÛÈο ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ·ÓÂÍÂÚ‡ÓËÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ¢Ú·ÎfiÙÚ˘·, ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Î·È ÔÈ Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ µ·ÚÓ·ÎÈÒÙÈÔ˘ µ·ı˘Úڤ̷ÙÔ˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë "∫·ÏÔÁÂÚÈ΋ ™Ù¿Ù·" (ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Â˙ÔÔÚ›·˜ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚· ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ - ºÈÏÔı¤Ë - 12 ¶Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·), Â›Ó·È ÏfiÁÔÈ Â›Û΄˘ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, Ô˘ ·¤¯ÂÈ 5 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫¿ÌÔ˘ µÔÚÂÈÔ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ºÈÏÔı¤Ë˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·¤¯ÂÈ 12 ¯ÏÌ. ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ∫¿ÌÔ˜ ·ÌÊÈı·ÙÚÈο ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ µ›ÁÏ· (∫·ÛÙÚ› 1.090 Ì.) Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi ÎfiÏÔ Î·È ÙËÓ Â‰È¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. Œˆ˜ ÙÔ 1940 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ∫¿ÌÔÈ (ÔÈ). ™˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Â›Ó·È Ô ¶·ÏÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜, ·fi ·ÏÈfi ̇ÏÔ, ÛÙ· ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿ÌÔ˘. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ ∫¿ÌÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ¶·ÏÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ ÛÙÔ Ï¿ÙˆÌ· ÂÓfi˜ ÏfiÊÔ˘ (748 Ì.) , Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·Ú·Ê˘¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ µ›ÁÏ·, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙË ª·Óًψ Î·È ÙÔ ∆Ú·ÓfiÚÂÌ· (∫·ÚÔ˘ÙÈfiÚÂÌ·) Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜, Ô˘ ÙÔ 1847 ‹Ù·Ó ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Î·È fiˆ˜ ÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ Ô Woodhouse ÎÙÈ-
Ṳ̂ÓË Ì ·Ú¯·›Ô ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi, ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1926. ∂‰Ò ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÂÈηÏÔ‡ÌÂÓË ıÂfiÙËÙ· ‹Ù·Ó: "∞ı¿Ó· · ¶˘ÚÁ›· · ÂÓ ¶ÔÙÂȉ·Ó›·È" (∞ıËÓ¿ Ë ¶˘ÚÁ›· Ë ÂÓ ¶ÔÙÂȉ·Ó›·), ÁÈ' ·˘Ùfi Ù·˘Ù›ÛÙËÎÂ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ¶ÔÙÂȉ·Ó›·. ∆Ô‡ÙÔ fï˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙÂ›Ù·È ÚÒÙÔÓ ‰ÈfiÙÈ ıˆÚÔ‡Ó fiÙÈ Ë Ï¿Î· ‹Ù·Ó ÊÂÚÙ‹ Î·È ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔÓ ‰ÈfiÙÈ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ §ÔÎÚ›‰·˜. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÂÈʇϷÍË Ë fiÏË ∞ÔÏψӛ·. ™ÙË ÓfiÙÈ· Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÌÈÛfi ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ı¤ÛË "∆· ªÓ‹Ì·Ù·", ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎÔ› ª·Î‰ÔÓÈÎÔ› ∆¿ÊÔÈ ÙÔ˘ 3Ô˘ Î·È 4Ô˘ .Ã. ·ÈÒÓ·. ªÂÁ¿Ï˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È 1 ¯ÏÌ. ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È Ë ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÈÂÚ‹ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆›¯ÈÔ˘ µfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫¿ÌÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ∆›¯ÈÔ, ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ ∆Ô‡ÚÏ· (704 Ì.) Î·È ÛÙȘ ‚fiÚÂȘ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ µ›ÁÏ· (∫·ÛÙÚ› 1.090 Ì.). ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1929
πÂÚ¿ ªÔÓ‹ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó §˘ÎÔ¯ÒÚÈ (§‡ÎÔ˜ Î·È ¯ÒÚÔ˜). ∆Ô Ó¤Ô fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË ∆›¯ÈÔÓ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· η٤Ϸ‚ ÙÔ 426 .Ã. Ô ∞ıËÓ·›Ô˜ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁfi˜ ¢ËÌÔÛı¤Ó˘. ¶Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙÔÈÛı› ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË µÚ·Ó¿, fiÔ˘ Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÕÁÈÔÈ ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔÈ, 1 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙ· ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÔ‡ fiÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ·Ú¯·›· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈο ηٿÏÔÈ· Î·È ÌÈÎÚÔ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∫·Ù·Ê‡‰È Û ‚Ú·¯Ò‰Ë ÏfiÊÔ, fiÔ˘ ÙÒÚ· Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ £ÂÔÏfiÁÔ˘, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ›¯ÓË Ô¯‡ÚˆÛ˘. ™Â ÔÈ· fiÏË ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ. ªÔÚ› ÙÔ §˘ÎÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ó· ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ∆›¯ÈÔÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‚¤‚·ÈÔ fiÙÈ Â‰Ò ˘‹ÚÍ ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ∆›¯ÈÔ. ∫¿ÔÈÔÈ ÙÔÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó Â‰Ò ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ∆›¯ÈÔ, ÂÓÒ Ë ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ ÙÔÔıÂÙ› ÛÙÔ˘˜ ∞Á›Ô˘˜ ∞ÔÛÙfiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ Ó·fi Ù˘ ¶˘ÚÁ›·˜ ∞ıËÓ¿˜, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ ∫·Ù·Ê›‰È ÙËÓ ÙÂȯÈṲ̂ÓË ·ÎÚfiÔÏË Ù˘ ¶ÔÙȉ·Ó›·˜. ∂›Ó·È fiÌÔÚÊÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÏÈıfi-
∆Ô ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜
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ÛÙÚˆÙÔ˘˜ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Û Ôχ ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ ÎÙ‹ÚÈÔ Ô˘ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ¢‹Ì·Ú¯Ô˜ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ ¶··ÔÛÙfiÏÔ˘ ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔÔϛ٘ Ù¯ӛÙ˜ Ì Ϸ‰ˆÙ‹ ¤ÙÚ· Î·È ˘ÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Î·È Ù·‚¿ÓÈ· ÛηÏÈÛÙ¿. ªÂ ·fiÊ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛı› ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ™ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1898 Î·È ·Ó·Ï¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1997 Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ™ÙÔ ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ∆ÂÈ¯Â›Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁÈ¿ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 750 Ì. ̤۷ Û ‰¿ÛË Î¤‰ÚˆÓ Î·È ·ÈˆÓÔ‚›ˆÓ ‰Ú˘ÒÓ. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó· Í·ÎÔ˘ÛÙfi ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ô˘ ȉڇıËΠÙÔ 1077 Ì.Ã. ·fi ÙÔÓ 'OÛÈÔ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ ÙÔÓ µ·ÚÓ·ÎÔ‚›ÙË Î·È Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¤ÌÙÔ Î·Ù¿ ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·. ¢È·‰Ú·Ì¿ÙÈÛ ÛÔ˘‰·›Ô ÚfiÏÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¤ıÓÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡Û ۯÔÏÂ›Ô Î·Ù¿ Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈο. ∏ ªÔÓ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ÎËÚ˘¯ı› ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Î·È ‰È·ÙËÚ›, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ηٷÛÙÚÔʤ˜, ÛÔ˘‰·›Ô ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ·Ú¯Â›Ô Î·È ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË. ∏ ∫·ıÔÏÈ΋ ÙÚ›ÎÏÈÙË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ Ì ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1831 Ì ¯ÔÚËÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ΢‚ÂÚÓ‹ÙË ∫·Ô‰›ÛÙÚÈ·, ÂÓÒ Ô Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ Ó¿ÚıËΘ ·ÓÂÁ¤ÚıËΠÙÔ 1229. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ë ˘fiÁÂÈ· ÎÚ‡ÙË, ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ ÙˆÓ ÌÔÓ·¯ÒÓ, Ë ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓË ÎÙËÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ (¶¤ÙÚÈÓË Ï¿Î· Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 1,52Ì. Î·È ‡„Ô˘˜ 0,22Ì. ¿ӈ ·fi ÙËÓ ı‡Ú· ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚfiÓ·Ô ÛÙÔÓ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ¡·fi), Ë ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÙÔȯÔÁÚ·Ê›· Ù˘ ‚ÚÂÊÔÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û·˜ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1453, ÙÔ ‰¿Â‰Ô Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Â›Ó·È Ì·ÚÌ·ÚÔıÂÙË̤ÓÔ Î·È ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Û fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ ¡·Ô‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÛˆÓ¿ÚıËη,
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‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÂÎÙ¿Ûˆ˜ 100Ù.Ì. Ô˘ ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ‰È¿Ù·ÍË Î·È Â›Ó·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ Û ·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ˙ˆÈΤ˜ Î·È ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜. ∂›Û˘ ÔÈ ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı›Û˜ ÂÈه̂Ș ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Â‰Ò ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙ·ÊÈ·Ûı› οÔÈÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ ∏›ÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ÁÁÂÏÒÓ˘ÌˆÓ ∫ÔÌÓËÓÒÓ. ∆Ô ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ì ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·Ó‹Î ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1833 ÛÙËÓ πÂÚ¿ ªËÙÚfiÔÏË ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Î·È fi¯È ÛÙËÓ ∂ÈÛÎÔ‹ §È‰ˆÚÈΛԢ Ù˘ ªËÙÚfiÔÏ˘ §·Ú›Û˘. ∆Ô ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ˘¤ÛÙË ÛÔ‚·Ú¤˜ ˙ËÌȤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÂÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ 1995 Ô˘ ¤ÏËÍ ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ºˆÎ›‰·˜ Î·È Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËÎÂ. ªÂÙ·‚Ï‹ıËΠ۠Á˘Ó·ÈÎÂ›Ô Î·È ˘ËÚÂÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi 13 ÌÔÓ·¯¤˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ™ÙÔ ∆›¯ÈÔ, ÛÙȘ 16 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ›Ù·˜ fiÔ˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ›Ù˜ Î·È ÎÚ·Û› Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ·Ú›Ô˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ∆›¯ÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ, ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ï·ÁÈ¿ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1959 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ∫¿Ùˆ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ. ∫·Ù¿ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 30 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. √ Leak ¿ÁÁÏÔ˜ ·ÍȈ̷ÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Ù·Í›‰È ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ §È‰ˆÚ›ÎÈ ÚÔ˜ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ: "13 ºÂ‚ÚÔ˘·Ú›Ô˘ 1806. ⁄ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÌÈ· ÎÔÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿‚·ÛË ÊÙ¿ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ Ã¿ÓÈ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ, Ô˘ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ô˘ Ù· ηÏÏÈÂÚÁË̤ӷ ‰¿ÊË ÙÔ˘ ηÙ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÎÏÈ̷Έٿ ÛÙËÓ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘". º·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÂΛÓË ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ¯ˆÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ÕÓˆ Î·È ∫¿Ùˆ. §›Á· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙÈ¯Ô Ô˘ ηٷ¯ˆÚ› Ô Á¿ÏÏÔ˜ ¶Ô˘Î‚›Ï (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1815) ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Ë ‰È¿ÎÚÈÛË. ∏ ϤÍË ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ Â›Ó·È Û‡ÓıÂÙË ·fi ÙÔ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ·Ï·Èfi˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÙÔ‡ÚÎÈÎÔ hisar = οÛÙÚÔ (¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÈÛ¿Ú=·Ï·ÈÔ-¯Û¿Ú=¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ), 189
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ. ÕÚ· Î¿Ô˘ ÂΛ ÎÔÓÙ¿ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘‹Ú¯Â ·Ú¯·›Ô οÛÙÚÔ. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË ∏Ï›·, 2 ¯ÏÌ. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¢ÚÂı› οÔÈÔÈ ÎÈÛÙÔÂȉ›˜ Ù¿ÊÔÈ. ™ÙÔ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ̤۷ ÛÙË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÔÈ Á‡Úˆ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ Î·È ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ, ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙˆÓ ∂ÈÛÔ‰›ˆÓ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ Ì ٷ ‰‡Ô η̷ӷÚÈ¿. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ÛηÚʷψ̤ÓË ÎÈ ·˘Ù‹ Û ϷÁÈ¿ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÚÈÎfiÚÊÔ˘. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1940 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ÕÓˆ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ. ∆Ô 1940 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠¶ÔÙȉ·Ó›· Î·È ÙÂÏÈο ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· Û ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ∫Ô›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1851, Ì ÙÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Î·È ÙȘ ·ÏȤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜, Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙË ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ ͇ÏÈÓÔ˘ Ù·‚·ÓÈÔ‡. ∆Ô 1999 ÛÙÔ ·ÁÓ¿ÓÙÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠ˘·›ıÚÈÔ ·ÌÊÈı¤·ÙÚÔ ¯ˆÚËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ 600 ı¤ÛˆÓ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Î·È Û ı¤ÛË ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘ ºˆÎ›‰·˜, °ÎÈÒÓ· Î·È µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·. ™ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, ÙÔ ¡Ô¤Ì‚ÚÈÔ, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·-
190
ÕÔ„Ë Ù˘ ÕÓˆ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜
ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ fiÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fiÛÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÌÂ˙¤‰Â˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ ∞ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÓfiÙÈ· ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· Î·È 19 ¯ÏÌ. ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈΤ˜ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ, ˘fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1.013 ̤ÙÚ·), ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ∆Ú·ÓÔڤ̷ÙÔ˜ (∫·ÚÔ˘ÙÈfiÚÂÌ·). ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1959 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ∫·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ·. ∞Ú¯Èο Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›· ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ›‰Ú˘Û·Ó Ù· ∫·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ· Î·È ÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ. ∆Ë ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1960 ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔÓ
∞Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ §È‰ˆÚ›ÎË ÛÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿. ¶ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ fiˆ˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο Î·È Ù¿ÊÔÈ. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ù· ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ™ÂÚÁԇϷ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÚÁÔ˘ÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘. ∆Ô ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ(¶·ÏȯÒÚÈ·) Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 940 Ì. ŸÙ·Ó ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ηٿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·, ¿ÏÏÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙ· ∫·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ·, fiÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈÌÂÓÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÛÙÔÓ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÙfi¯È Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜. §¤ÁÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ™ÂÚÁԇϷ ηٷÛÙÚ¿ÊËΠÛÙȘ 18 ∞ÚÈÏ›Ô˘ 1825 ·fi ∆Ô‡Ú-
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191
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·56
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘, fiÔ˘ ÚÔÂÛÙÔ› ‹Ù·Ó Ô ¶··ÁÈÒÚÁ˘ ¶ÔÏ›Ù˘ Î·È Ô ÁÈÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ ¶··ÔÏ›Ù˘. ™ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ∫. §È‰ˆÚ›ÎË, ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ Ë ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¶··ÔÏÈÙ·›Ô˘˜. ∂ÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ πˆ¿ÓÓ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Û ÂÚ›ÔÙË ı¤ÛË. ∫·Ì¿ÚÈ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ∫ÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ, ÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ÚÔÛٷهÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ·fi ÙȘ ÓÂÚÔÔÓÙ¤˜. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ËÁ¤˜ ºÏ¤‚·, fiÔ˘ Î·È Ô Ì‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ °. ∫·ÚÌ·ÓÈfiÏ·, Û ÌÈ· ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Ì ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙÔ ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Ô ·Ú¿ÎÙÈÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ¶·Ú·Ï›· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ (286 οÙÔÈÎÔÈ) Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 10 Ì. ∂›Ó·È Ê·ÓÂÚfi fiÙÈ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÔÚÂÈÓÔ› Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› Î·È ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ·ÓÂ˙‹ÙËÛ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÎfiÏÔ˘ ηχÙÂÚË Ù‡¯Ë. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ª‡ÏÔÈ, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ·ÚÎÂÙÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ Ô˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· ÏÔ‡-
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™ÙÔÏÈṲ̂ÓË ·˘ÏfiÔÚÙ· ÛÙÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿
192
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·57
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÛÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. √ ̇ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶··ÔÏ›ÙË Ì ÙÔ ı·˘Ì·ÛÙfi "ηӿÏÈ" Ô˘ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ·ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¯ÓÈΤ˜ η̿Ú˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÛÙÔȯ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛı› ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. ∂›Û˘ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó Î·È ∫¿ÌÔ˜ ·fi ÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ‰ȿ‰· Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ™ÂÚÁÔ˘ÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ. ∏ ·Ú·Ï›· Â›Ó·È ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË, Ë ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ηı·Ú‹, ÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿‰Â˜ Î·È Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·, ÁÈ' ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÚÈÓÔ‡˜ Ì‹Ó˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÏ΢ÛÙÈÎfi ÁÈ· ·Ú·ıÂÚÈÛÙ¤˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ¶·Ú·Ï›·˜ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜, ˘fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ™Ô˘ÏÈı·Ú¿ Î·È ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ 10 ¯ÏÌ. ∆Ô 1947 ·ÔÛ¿ıËΠ·fi ÙËÓ ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ¶‡ÚÁÔ˘ Î·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙË ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·. ÕÏψÛÙ ÔÈ ÚÒÙÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ ÚÔ‹Ïı·Ó ·fi ÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ. ∏ ‰ȿ‰· ÙÔ˘ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿, Ô˘ ÛÙ· ‰˘ÙÈο ÎÏ›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ∆Ú·ÓfiÌÂÙÚ· (∫·ÚÔ˘ÙÈÔfiÙ·ÌÔ), ·ÚfiÙÈ fi¯È Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË, Â›Ó·È ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ·fi ÔˆÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. ∂›Û˘ ˘ÎÓfiÊ˘ÏϘ ÌÔ˘ÚȤ˜ Î·È Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ›ÛÎÈÔ Î·È ‰ÚÔÛÈ¿. ∏ ·ÎÚÔÁÈ·ÏÈ¿ ·fi ÙË "ºˆÎÈfiÙÚ˘·" ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Â›Ó·È Âȉ˘ÏÏȷ΋. ∆Ô ÌÈÎÚfi ÏÈÌ·Ó¿ÎÈ, ·ÛʷϤ˜ ·Ú·ÍÔ‚fiÏÈ ÁÈ· ÏÔÈ¿ÚÈ· Î·È fiÏË Ë ÚÔÎ˘Ì·›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Â›Ó·È ÂÓٷοı·ÚË Î·È ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÁηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٷ-
ÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ı¤ÚÂÙÚÔ. °ÔËÙ¢ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÁÂÌ¿ÙË ÂÎÏ‹ÍÂȘ Ë ÔÙ·ÌÔÔÚ›· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ∫·ÚÔ˘ÙÈÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, Î¿Ô˘ 1 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ì‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡, ÛÙËÓ ¿ÁÚÈ· ÎÏÂÈÛÔ‡Ú·, ÛÙ¤ÎÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ªÂÙ¤ˆÚÔÈ µÚ¿¯ÔÈ. ¶ÚÒÙÔ˜ Ô "∞ÓÙÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜" ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ·fiÙÔÌÔ˘ Ê·Ú·ÁÁÈÔ‡. √ ÌÂÛ·›Ô˜ Ì ÙȘ οıÂÙ˜ ÔÏfiÁ˘Ú· ‚Ú·¯ÔÏ·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏÔÍÂÓ› ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ∞Á›· ∂ÏÂÔ‡Û· Ô˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙȘ 8 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘. ∏ ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ‰˘ÙÈο Ì ÛηÏÔ¿ÙÈ· Á‡Úˆ ÛÙ· ÂηÙfi, ÛÌÈÏÂ˘Ì¤Ó· ÛÙÔÓ ÁÚ·Ó›ÙÈÓÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô. µÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙ¤ÎÂÙ·È Ô ÙÚ›ÙÔ˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˜, ·Ó‡„ËÏÔ˜ ·˘Ùfi˜, Ì Û΋Ù˜ Î·È ÎÂÏÈ¿ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙÒÓ ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÔ¯‹, ÁÈ' ·˘Ùfi Î·È ·ÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ∫·ÏÔÁÂÚÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ™ÙÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ÙÔÓ ª¿ÚÙÈÔ ‹ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ „·Ú¿ fiÔ˘ „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È Û·Ú‰¤Ï˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· „¿ÚÈ· Ù˘ ÂÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÎÚ·Û›. ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÌÔÚʈı› ¤Ó· ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Â˙ÔÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ¶ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ 7 Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ·. √È ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜ Î·È Î¿ı ̛· ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ÚfiıÂÌ· ∂À Î·È ¤Ó· ·ÚÈıÌfi ·fi ÙÔ 1 ¤ˆ˜
¶ÈӷΛ‰Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
193
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·58
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘
194
ÙÔ 7. ∆Ô ¤ÚÁÔ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ™ÙÔ ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô ÙˆÓ Â˙ÔÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ·Ï¤˜ Î·È Â‡ÎÔϘ ¤ˆ˜ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜. ∂‡ÎÔϘ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó: ñ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ - ¶·Ú·Ï›· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ (∂À1) ñ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ - ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜ (∂À6) ñ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ - ¶·Ï·ÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜ (∂À5) ª¤ÙÚÈ·˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›·˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó: ñ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ - ™ÂÚÁԇϷ (∂À7) ñ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· - ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ· (∂À3) √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ ¶·Ï·ÈfiÌ˘ÏÔ˜ - ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ· (∂À4) ñ ™ÂÚÁԇϷ - ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊ· (∂À2) ™Â fiÏ· Ù· ÛËÌ›· ÂÎΛÓËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÚÙË̤ÓÔ˜ ¯¿ÚÙ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Â˙ÔfiÚˆÓ. ∂ÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙȘ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ô˘ fï˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤Ó˜: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÁÈfiÊ˘ÚÔ. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ, ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÛÙÔ ›Ûˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™ÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‰›Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈÎÚfi˜ ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ˜ Ì ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ ÛÙ· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÏÔÊ›-
ÛÎÔ˘ Î·È ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ó· ηÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Û ‰·ÛÈÎfi ·‰È¤ÍÔ‰Ô ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ͤʈٷ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È Î·ÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Ì¤Û· Û ‰¿ÛÔ˜, ¤ˆ˜ fiÙÔ˘ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÛÙÂÓfi ¤Ú·ÛÌ· - Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ, ÌfiÏȘ ÏËÛÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ, ÛÙÚ›‚ÂÈ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙËÓ fi¯ıË, ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÌÈÎÚfi ڤ̷ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Ï›ÁÔ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi ∫ÂÊ·ÏÔÁÈfiÊ˘ÚÔ. ñ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ - ∫¿ÛÙÚÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ‹ √ÈÓÂÒÓÔ˜. ∞fi ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ ¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ, ÛÙ· ¡¢ Ù˘ ΈÌfiÔÏ˘ fiÔ˘ ÙÔÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È Ë ·Ú¯·›· fiÏË √ÈÓÂÒÓ ‹ ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ. ∆Ì‹Ì·Ù· ÙˆÓ ÙÂȯÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÚ·Ù¿, ÂÓÒ ÔÏÏ¿ ηχÙÔÓÙ·È ·fi ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ‹ ·fi ÚÔÛ¯ÒÛÂȘ. √ ÏfiÊÔ˜ ηÏÂ›Ù·È Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ƒ›Ô ¶¿ÙÚ· - ∞›ÁÈÔ - οÌÔ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ - ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ñ ∏ "∫·ÏÔÁÂÚÈ΋ ™Ù¿Ù·" ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ºÈÏÔı¤Ë. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È Û ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Î·È ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· 12 ¶Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜. ñ º·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÔÙ·ÌÔ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ ª·Ó‰‹Ïˆ˜. ∞fi Ù· ¡¤· ∫Ô‡ÎÔ˘Ú·, ÂÚ·ÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙȘ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘ "µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ÔÙ·ÌÈÔ‡" Ù˘ ª·Ó‰‹Ïˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ‚ÔÚÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ 6 ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û·Ó ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ ÙˆÓ “£¤Ú̈Ӕ Î·È ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ªÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ - °È¿ÓÓË ÙˆÓ £¤Ú̈Ó. ñ ∏ ÔÙ·ÌÔÔÚ›· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ∫·ÚÔ˘ÙÈÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ªÂÙ¤ˆÚÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜.
∆Ô Ú¤Ì· Ù˘ ª·Óًψ˜
ÿÚÙ˘ ÙˆÓ Â˙ÔÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·59
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ Î·È ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÁÈ· Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡: ñ ¡fiÙÈ· ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ Î·È ∆›¯ÂÈÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∆›¯ÈÔ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - §È‰ˆÚÈΛԢ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ÂÛfiÓÙˆÓ ÛÙË ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋ ηÙÔ¯‹. ñ ∞fi ÙË ºÈÏÔı¤Ë ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÌÔÓ‹ Ù˘ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· 12 ¶Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜. ñ ∞fi ÙË ºÈÏÔı¤Ë ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¢ÚÔÛ¿ÙÔ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÕÓˆ Î·È ∫¿Ùˆ ∫·Ú˘¿. ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ∂ӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ ÔÈ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜: ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ. ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ. ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÚÔ˘˜ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∫¿ÌÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¶‡ÚÁÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ™ÂÚÁԇϷ. ñ ∞fi ÙË ºÈÏÔı¤Ë ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ.
∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÛÙ›·ÛË ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ηÊÂÓ›·, ÂÛÙÈ·ÙfiÚÈ·, „ËÙԈϛ·, ΤÓÙÚ· ‰È·ÛΤ‰·Û˘ Î·È ·Ó·„˘¯‹˜. √ ÂÈÛΤÙ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ÎÔ˘˙›Ó· Ì ÓfiÛÙÈÌ· Ê·ÁËÙ¿ Î·È ÏÈ¯Ô˘‰È¤˜, ÊÙÈ·Á̤ӷ ·fi ÓÙfiÈ· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·. ¶¿Ú· ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ı·Ï·ÛÛÈÓ¿, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û’ fiÏË ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ˙ÒÓË ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ, ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜, ¶·Ú·Ï›· ™ÂÚÁԇϷ˜ Î·È ™Î¿ÏˆÌ·. ∞ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ ÔÈ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÛÙÔ ¶Â˘Î¿ÎÈ, ÙÔ ∫·ÛÙÚ¿ÎÈ, ÙË ºÈÏÔı¤Ë Î·È ÙÔÓ ∫¿ÌÔ. §›Á˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ÛÙ· ÔÚÂÈÓ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∆›¯ÈÔ, ¶·Ï·ÈÔÍ¿ÚÈ Î·È ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·. °È· ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ ªÔÓ·ÛÙËÚ¿ÎÈ. ™ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· ›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤Ó·˜ ÌÈÎÚfi˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜. ∆ÔÈΤ˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ¤˜ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿˜ - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ æ·Ú¿ ™ÙÔ ª·Ú·ıÈ¿ ÙÔÓ ª¿ÚÙÈÔ ‹ ∞Ú›ÏÈÔ, ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ „·Ú¿ fiÔ˘ „‹ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È Û·Ú‰¤Ï˜, ¿ÏÏ· „¿ÚÈ· Ù˘ ÂÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÎÚ·Û›. ∆›¯ÈÔ - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ¶›Ù·˜ ™ÙÔ ∆›¯ÈÔ ÛÙȘ 16 ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ›Ù·˜ fiÔ˘ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ›Ù˜ Î·È ÎÚ·Û› Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁϤÓÙÈ. ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ· - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘∆Û›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ ™ÙËÓ ¶ÔÙȉ¿ÓÂÈ·, ÙÔ ¡Ô¤Ì‚ÚÈÔ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ fiÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fiÛÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÌÂ˙¤‰Â˜.
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195
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
™ÂÏ›‰·60
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·61
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∂∫∆∞™∏ 254.543 ÛÙÚ¤ÌÌ·Ù· ¶§∏£À™ª√™ 2.216 οÙÔÈÎÔÈ ∂¢ƒ∞ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ
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¢∏ª√∆π∫√ ¶√§π∆π™∆π∫√ ∫∂¡∆ƒ√ ¢πÃøƒπ√À 22660. 51 481, 51 628
∏§∂∫∆ƒ√¡π∫∏ ¢π∂À£À¡™∏ bardousia@hol.gr
¢∏ª√∆π∫√™ •∂¡ø¡∞™ ∞§¶√Ãøƒπ√À 22660. 41 315
π™∆√™∂§π¢∞ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∫∆À√ www.bardousia.gr
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π™∆√ƒπ∫√ ∫∞π §∞√°ƒ∞ºπ∫√ ª√À™∂π√ ∞ƒ∆√∆π¡∞™ 22660. 51 810, 51 824
Ã∏™πª∂™ ™∂§π¢∂™ ™∆√ ¢π∞¢π∫∆À√ www.fokida.gr www.orininafpaktia.gr
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¶§∏£À™ª√™ 2001
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∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ¢È¯ÒÚÈ ∑ÔÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˜ ∫Ô˘¿ÎÈ ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ› ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ À„ËÏfi ÈÚÈfi
6.964 75.172 17.532 12.490 14.683 13.898 16.621 9.780 23.303 34.983 7.776 10.635 10.706
990 1.180 1.120 820 1.170 680 880 1.250 840 930 640 850 1.190
105 499 189 195 99 91 86 82 256 267 77 89 181
57 81 80 54 67 52 54 73 51 59 45 62 68 197
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·62
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ °ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ· ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿ Ù˘ ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, ÛÙÔ µ∞ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √∆∞. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºˆÎ›‰·˜ Î·È ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È µ¢ Ù˘ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹˜ Ï›ÌÓ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ™Ù· ÓfiÙÈ· Û˘ÓÔÚ‡ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ §È‰ÔÚÈΛԢ Î·È ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘, ‚fiÚÂÈ· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∫·ÏÏȤˆÓ ÂÓÒ ‰˘ÙÈο Ù· fiÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÊ¿ÙÔÓÙ·È Ù˘ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜.
198
∂È‚ÏËÙÈο µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·
ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Ó· ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο. T· B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·, ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ Î·È ÔÏ˘Û¯È‰‹˜ ÔÚÂÈÓfi˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ ·ÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙËÓ AÚÙÔÙ›Ó·, Û˘Ó·ÓÙÔ‡Ó µ∞ ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ µ¢ ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ ÂÓfi˜ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈÓfi Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙËÌ· Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜. BfiÚÂÈ· Î·È µ¢ ÂÎÙ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜ fiÔ˘ ̤ۈ ·˘¯¤Ó· (1.200 Ì.) Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ O›ÙË. ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô MfiÚÓÔ˜, Ù· ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ °ÎÈÒÓ·, ÂÓÒ Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi Ù· µ¢ ÛÏ¿¯Ó· ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. T· B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈۋ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ÙÚ›· Û˘ÁÎÚÔÙ‹Ì·Ù·: TÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ, ÙÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi Î·È ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ, Ô˘ ͯˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Ì ٷ ‰È¿ÛÂÏ· MÂÙÂÚ›˙È· Î·È ™Ù·˘Úfi˜. ™ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ·, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, Âͤ¯ÂÈ Ô KfiÚ·Í (2.495 Ì.) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡. O Kfiڷη˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:55
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Ì·˙› ÌÂ Û˘Ó¯fiÌÂÓ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ì ÓfiÙÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË, Ô˘ Êı¿ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ TÚ·Â˙¿ÎÈ (1.862 Ì.) Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ̤ۈ ¯·ÌËÏÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ ˘„ˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙË MÔÚÓÔÏ›ÌÓË. TÔ ‰˘ÙÈÎfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ·, Ô˘ ÔÚÈÔıÂÙ› ÙÔ ‰‹ÌÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο, Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¿ÁÚȘ Î·È ˘„ËϤ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ Ô˘ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ‰È¿ÛÂÏ·. ¶ÚÔÂͤ¯Ô˘Ó Ë ¶Ï¿Î· ¶˘Ú·Ì›‰· (2.247 Ì.), ÙÔ °È‰Ô‚Ô‡ÓÈ (2.065 Ì.), Ë AÏÔÁfiÚ·¯Ë (2.264 Ì.), ÔÈ TÚÂȘ ™Ô‡ÊϘ Î·È ÙÔ BÔ˘Ófi Ù˘ KˆÛÙ¿ÚÈÙÛ·˜ (2.375 Ì.). ™ÙÔ ‚ÔÚÂÈÓfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ·, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ÔÌ·Ïfi, ΢ÚÈ·Ú¯Ô‡Ó ÙÔ BÔ˘Ófi Ù˘ XˆÌ‹ÚÈ·Ó˘ (2.298 Ì.) Î·È ÙÔ ™ÈÓ¿ÓÈ (2.054 Ì.). ∏ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ·fi ÙÔ ™ÈÓ¿ÓÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ˘„ÒÌ·Ù· ªËÏÈ¿ (1784 Ì.) Î·È ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1614 Ì., 1714 Ì.) ÔÚÈÔıÂÙ› ÙÔ ‰‹ÌÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÂÓÒÓÂÈ Ù· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· Ì ÙËÓ √͢¿. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÙ·¯ı› ÛÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÚÔÛÙ·-
Û›·˜ Ù˘ ʇÛ˘ ¢›ÎÙ˘Ô NATURA 2000, Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 193.735 ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ Ì Έ‰ÈÎfi ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2450001. ∫ÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰¿ÛË, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ÔÏÏ¿ ·ÏÈο Ê˘Ù¿. ™ÙȘ Û¯ÈṲ̂˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ú¿¯ˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ¤ÙÚ˜ Î·È Ù· Ï·ÙÒÌ·Ù· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÌÈ· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·, Ô˘ Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó›‰· οÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ÈÔ ˙ˆÓÙ·Ófi, ÈÔ ıÂÏÎÙÈÎfi. TÔ ÙÛ¿È Î·È ÙÔ ·ÁÚÈÔÁ·Ú›Ê·ÏÔ, η̷ÓԇϘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ ›‰Ë ·ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰ˆÓ ÂÓ‰ËÌÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ô ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÛÔ˜ Ù˘ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ʇÛ˘. ™Ù· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ˘„fiÌÂÙÚ· ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ù· ηٷڿÛÈÓ· ·ÏÈο ÏÈ‚¿‰È· Ô˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚ÔÛÎÔÙfiÈ·. K¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙȘ Á˘ÌÓ¤˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ӷ ‰¿ÛË fiÔ˘ ΢Úȷگ› ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÙÔ. AÓ¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë fiˆ˜ ÔÈ ‰Ú‡Â˜, Ù· Τ‰Ú·, Ù· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ·, Ù· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Ù· ÊÈÏ›ÎÈ· Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë. §›Á· ˙¢Á¿ÚÈ· ·ÂÙÒÓ (Á˘·ÂÙÔ›) Û˘Ó¯›-
∞ÓıÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔ›Ô Û ͤʈÙÔ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜
199
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
200
˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ÂÙÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ·Ú·ÎÙÈο, fiˆ˜ ÁÂÚ¿ÎÈ·, ‚Ú·¯ÔÎÈÚΛÓÂ˙· ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Ó˘ÎÙÔÔ‡ÏÈ·. ¢Â ÏÂ›Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÔÚÂÈÓ¤˜ ¤Ú‰ÈΘ, ÔÈ Î·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰Â˜, ÔÈ Ì·˘ÚÔÙÛÈÎÏÈÙÔ›Ú˜, Ù· ·ÁÚÈÔÂÚ›ÛÙÂÚ·, ÔÈ ÙÛ·Ï·ÂÙÂÈÓÔ›, Ù· ÎÔÙÛ›ÊÈ· Î.¿. ∞fi Ù· ›‰Ë ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÁÚÈfiÁȉ·, ‚›‰Ú˜, ÛΛԢÚÔÈ, ·ÁÚÈÔÁÔ‡ÚÔ˘Ó·, χÎÔÈ, ÎÔ˘Ó¿‚È·, ·ÁÚÈfiÁ·ÙÔÈ Î·È ˙·Úο‰È·. H ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ Û˘ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È ·fi ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜. ∆Ô ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡
‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ Ì˘ÙÂÚ¤˜ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ÙÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·ÎÔÙÚ¿¯·ÏË fi„Ë ÙÔ˘. ∏ ‰È¿ÎÚÈÛË ·˘Ù‹ ¤¯ÂÈ Ó· οÓÂÈ Ì ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ Û‡ÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ Î˘Úȷگ› ›‰Ô˜ ÊÏ‡Û¯Ô˘ Ì „·Ì̛٘ ÛÙ· ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ̤ÚË Î·È Ï·Î҉˜ ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔÈ ÛÙ· „ËÏ¿, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ Û˘Ì·Á‹˜ ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˜ ‹ Ï·Î҉˘ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÏÈıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÔÈÎÈÏ›·. OÈ ÂÚ˘ıÚ›˙ÔÓÙ˜ ·Û‚ÂÛÙfiÏÈıÔÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, fiÔ˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È (ÎÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿ - ÎÔÎÎÈÓÈ¿˜ - ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ˜). ∆· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ˘‰ÚÔÎÚ›ÙË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚÒÓ Ù˘ ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ (ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ™ÂÚ¯ÂÈfi˜) Î·È Ù˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ (ÔÙ·ÌÔ› ªfiÚÓÔ˜- ∂‡ËÓÔ˜). ∆Ô ‚fiÚÂÈÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ ˘‰·ÙÔÊfiÚÔ ÛÙÚÒÌ· fiÏ˘ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜. √ÚÌËÙÈÎÔ› ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔÈ Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· Î˘Ï¿Ó ÛÙȘ ‚·ıȤ˜
∆Ô›Ô ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ÊıÈÓfiˆÚÔ
∞ÁÚÈÔÏÔ‡ÏÔ˘‰· ÛÙÔ ‚Ú¿¯Ô
•ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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10:55
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ¯·Ú·‰ÚÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘. 72 ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÊϤ‚˜ ÙˆÓ ËÁÒÓ ÙÔ˘. √È ÈÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ Â›Ó·È Ù˘ ƒ·›Ï˘ Î·È ÔÏϤ˜ ¿ÏϘ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ∫·Ú˘ÒÙÈÎÔ Ú¤Ì· Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ Ù· ªÔ˘ÛÔ˘ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈη ÏÈ‚¿‰È·, ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ÁÈ· Ó· Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ ‹ º›‰·ÚË. ∂›Û˘ ·fi Ù· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ÏÈ‚·‰ÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¢¿ÊÓÔ˘, Ù· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¢È¯ˆÚ›Ô˘, Ù˘ ∫Ú¤ÎÈ˙·˜, ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔڤ̷ÙÔ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏˆÓ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ô ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜, ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ∆· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÊÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÙÔÓ Î‡ÚÈÔ ÙÚÔÊÔ‰fiÙË ÙˆÓ ˘‰¿ÙÈÓˆÓ fiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û·˜. ∏ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘ Î·È Ô MfiÚÓÔ˜, fiˆ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ fiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ‰˘ÙÈο ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ì ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·fi ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·Ì̤˜, fiˆ˜ Ë ∞ÏÂfiÚ·¯Ë (645 - 1495 Ì.) Î·È Ù· √Ì¿ÏÈ· (1694 Ì.), Ì ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡ËÓÔ˘ ‰˘ÙÈο ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿, ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ Î·È ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·, ÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÌÈ· ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜. ™ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·fi ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ Î·È ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ô˘ ·˘Ï·ÎÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∞fi ÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ÔÈ „ËÏfiÙÂÚ˜ ›ӷÈ: ¶·Ù‹Ì·Ù· (1.643 Ì.) Î·È •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (1670 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ›, ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ∑fiÚÈ·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ (1.590 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ Î·È æËÏfi ÈÚÈfi, (1.604 Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ Î·È ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· Î·È ∆Ú›ÎÔÚÊÔ (1.482 Ì.) Î·È ª¿Ï· (1.384 Ì.) ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·.
πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ˙ÒÓË ÂÈÚÚÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Î·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈο ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙȘ Ù‡¯Â˜ ÙÔ˘˜. √È Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔÈ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·Ó √ÊÈÔÓ›˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ô ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ∂‡ËÓÔ˜, Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ µ¢ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È º›‰·Ú˘, ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÏ·ÛÁÈÎÔ‡ ıÂÔ‡ √Ê›ÔÓ·, ÁÂÓ¿Ú¯Ë Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ∞Èوϛ·˜ Ù˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹˜ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜. T· ‰Â B·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÔ¯‹ ˆ˜ ·ÈÙˆÏÈÎfi ‚Ô˘Ófi. ∆Ô ·Ú¯·›Ô ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ÙÔ˘˜ fiÓÔÌ· Â›Ó·È ∫fiÚ·Í. ∞ӷʤÚÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÁˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ ™ÙÚ¿‚ˆÓ· Î·È Ë ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ϤÁÂÙ·È ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Kfiڷη˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÛËÌ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓȯÓ¢ı› ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÒÓ. ¶ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ›Û˘ Ë ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÔ˘ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÂȉÈο ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÁÒÓ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ·fi ÙÔÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÈÎfi ˙˘Áfi. ™Ù· ÎÚËÛʇÁÂÙ· ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎÂ Ë ÎÏÂÊÙÔ˘ÚÈ¿ ηı’ fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ Ì ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ ηÂÙ·Ó·›Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ AÓ‰ÚÔ˘ÙÛ·›Ô˘˜, ÙÔÓ BÏ·¯Ôı·Ó¿ÛË, ÙÔÓ §Ô˘Î¿ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·, ÙÔÓ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ™Î·ÏÙÛ¿, ÙÔÓ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ ¢È¿ÎÔ, ÙÔÓ
∑ÔÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜
201
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:55
™ÂÏ›‰·66
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ∞Ó‰Ú›ÙÛÔ ™·Ê¿Î·, ÙÔÓ πˆ¿ÓÓË ª·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË Î·È ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜. ™Â ÌÈ· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ì ¿ÁÔÓË, ÂÙÚÒ‰Ë ÁË, fiˆ˜ Ë ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ ¢ˆÚ›‰·, ı· ÓfiÌÈ˙ ηÓ›˜ fiÙÈ Î‡ÚÈÔ Ì¤ÏËÌ· ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ ı· ‹Ù·Ó ·Ï¿ Ë ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË. ∫·È fï˜ ÚÔÈÎÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ¢ˆÚÈ›˜ Ì ¤Ó· ηÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈÎfi ·›ÛıËÌ·, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ Ù˘ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋˜ Ï·˚΋˜ Ù¤¯Ó˘ (·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋, ·ÁÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ˘Ê·ÓÙÈ΋, ͢ÏÔÁÏ˘ÙÈ΋). ¶ÔÏÏÔ› ÔÈ Î·ÏÏÈÙ¤¯Ó˜ Ù¯ӛÙ˜ ·ÁÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ, ·ÚÁ˘ÚÔ¯fiÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔÈ fiˆ˜ Ô ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔ˜ ™ÙÂÚÁ›Ô˘ ÓÙfiÈÔ˜ ·ÁÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜, Ô ˙ˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ ™˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙÔ› ·ÓÒÓ˘ÌÔÈ. ™ÙËÓ ˘Ê·ÓÙÈ΋ Ô˘ ÁÓÒÚÈÛ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¿ÓıËÛË ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›·˜, ¿Ú· Î·È ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ì·ÏÏÈÔ‡, ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ÔÏÏ¿ ˘Ê·ÓÙ¿ fiˆ˜ ‚ÂϤÓÙ˙˜, ¿ÓÙ˜, ԉȤ˜, ÎÔÚÊÔÊ·Ó¤ÏϘ, ο˜, ‰ÈÛ¿ÎÈ·, ÙÛfiÏÈ·, ÎÈÏ›ÌÈ·, Û·Ì·ÚÔÛÎÔ‡ÙÈ·. '∂¯Ô˘Ì "ÚÈÁˆÙ¿" ˘Ê·ÓÙ¿ Ì ·Ú¿ÏÏËϘ ÏÔ˘Ú›‰Â˜ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ·ÈÛıËÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı¤ÛÂȘ, Ù· "˙ˆÓ·ÚÈ·ÛÙ¿" ÛÙÔÓ ·ÚÁ·ÏÂÈfi Ô˘ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌÔ‡Ó Ù· ˘Ê·ÓÙ¿ Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ı¤Ì·Ù·. √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ªÂ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ
202
∞ÓıÈṲ̂ÓË ÎÔ˘ÙÛÔ˘È¿ Ì ÊfiÓÙÔ Ù· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·
•ËÚÔ‹Á·‰Ô, Î·È ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ïȷ΋ ÂıÓÈ΋ Ô‰fi ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - πÙ¤·˜, ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫¿Ùˆ ¢¿ÊÓË ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ‰È·ÎÏ·‰›˙ÂÙ·È. ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶˘Ï‹Ó˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ∏ ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ‰È·ÎÏ¿‰ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ, ·fi ÙË ·ÏÈ¿ Á¤Ê˘Ú· Ì ÙÔ͈ٿ Ï¿ÁÈ· ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο, ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ·Ú¯Èο ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∂˘·Ï›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÌÔ‡ ºˆÎ›‰·˜. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë Â·Ú¯È·Î‹ Ô‰fi˜ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô Î‡ÚÈÔ˜ Ô‰ÈÎfi˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÿÓÈ ƒ¤ÚÂÛÈ, 30 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ. ∂‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ¿ÏÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ë ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, ÂÓÒ Ë ‰ÂÍÈ¿ Ì ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙË ºˆÎ›‰·. √ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ªfiÚÓÔ Î·È 11,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Î·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯È·Î‹ Ô‰fi ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÛÙÔ ªfiÚÓÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔ-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
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™ÂÏ›‰·67
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÏÈο, 1,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ (‚fiÚÂÈ·) Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ·, ÂÓÒ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ¿ Ù˘ Ë Â·Ú¯È·Î‹ Ô‰fi˜ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· Î·È ÙËÓ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ Ô ÂÚÈÌÂÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ Î·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ (ÓfiÙÈ·) Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ §È‰ˆÚ›ÎÈ, πÙ¤· Î·È ÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·. ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ (·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο) Ô‰ËÁ› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ §È‰ˆÚÈΛԢ Ô˘ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ, 8 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ·, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ (µ¢) Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ∂ÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË ·’ fiÔ˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿, ÌÂÙ¿ 9 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘, Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, Ë ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ∞fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ Ì ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∑fiÚÈ·ÓÔ˜, ∫Ô˘¿ÎÈ Î·È ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ∞fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ·Ú¯Èο ‰È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË Ì ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ ·fi Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ (·fi ¡∞) Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ› (8 ¯ÏÌ. ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ) Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·Ú·Î¿Ì„ÂȘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰ÂÍÈ¿ (µ∞) Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÚÒÙ· (1 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜) ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ Î·È ¢È¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ (3 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜) ÛÙËÓ æËÏ‹ ƒ¿¯Ë. ™Ù· 6 ¯ÏÌ. Î·È 9 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜, ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ·Ú·Î¿Ì„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ (µ¢) Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ Î·È ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ∆Ô ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·, ÙÔ ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ Û˘Ó›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙË °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜.
∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫ÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ ∆Ô KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ·ÓÙÂÚÂÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ◊Ù·Ó ·fi Ù· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÎÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ AÚÙÔÙ›Ó·. TÔ KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘˜ ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜, ÙÔ KÔ˘fiÚÂÌ· Î·È ¶·ÙÛ·ÚfiÚÂÌ· (¶·ÏÈÔηÙÔ˘ÓfiÚÂÌ·) Î·È Ì’ ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ Ï¤ÁÌ· ·fi ‰ÚÔÛÂÚ¤˜ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ï·Ù·ÓÈ¿‰Â˜, ÙȘ ÈÙȤ˜, ÙȘ ηڢ‰È¤˜, Ù· ‰¿ÛË Î·È Ù· ηÚÔÊfiÚ· ‰¤ÓÙÚ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÂÏ΢ÛÙÈÎfi ÙfiÔ ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡. ¶ÚÔÙÔ‡ ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙ› Û KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÙÔ 1915, ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¶·Ï·ÈÔοÙÔ˘ÓÔ TÔ 1440 ‰ÈÔÚıÒıËΠ۠KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ. TÔ KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ Â›Ó·È ·Ú¯·›· ·ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË Î·È ÌÓËÌÔÓ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ £Ô˘Î˘‰›‰Ë ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÍÈÛÙfiÚËÛË Ù˘ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›·˜ ÙÔ˘ AıËÓ·›Ô˘ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÔ‡ ¢ËÌÔÛı¤ÓË ÙÔ 426 .X. O ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi˜ fï˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ‰È¿‚·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ¢¿ÊÓÔ˘ Î·È ÂÈÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ OÊÈÔÓ¤ˆÓ Î·È Ë ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û· ¿Ô„Ë Ù·˘Ù›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔÓ Ì ÙÔ ¶·Ï·ÈfiηÛÙÚÔ §˘ÎÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ (ÛËÌ. T›¯ÈÔ˘). B‚·›ˆ˜ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1849. AÚ¯·›Ô˜ Ó·fi˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜. E›Û˘ ÂÚ›ȷ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶ÚÔÊ‹Ù˘ HÏ›·˜. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿, fiÔ˘ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ, µ¢
™›ÙÈ ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ
203
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·68
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ÂÚ›ȷ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛ˘. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ·˜ (1.121 Ì.) fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·Ú·‰ÔÛÈ·Îfi ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ, ˘‹Ú¯Â ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ, ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ÛÎfiÚÈ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ. TÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏÂ›Ô (1904), fiÔ˘ ·ÏÈ¿ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Û ۯÔϷگ›Ô, Ë ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊË ‚Ú‡ÛË ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ì ÂÏÂÎËÙ¤˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙÔ̤˜ ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ú¯fiÓÙˆÓ (19Ô˜ ·È.), Ë ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈ΋ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ Ì ÙÔ ÔÌÔÚÊÔÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ˘„ËÏfi η̷ӷÚÈfi, Ô Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛË, Ë Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ™˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ (ÌÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô §·˚΋˜ T¤¯Ó˘), ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋ ı¤·, Ù· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ· Â›Ó·È ÌÂÚÈο ·fi Ù· ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· ÙÔ˘ KÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ “Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ηÈ
∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ
204
√È ‚Ú‡Û˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÔ΢Ï›Ô
ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÁÁÔ˘”. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ KÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ, 5 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·’ ·˘Ùfi ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÓfiÙÈ·, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi A‚ÔÚ›ÙÈ, ÁÂÓ¤ÙÂÈÚ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ˆÚȤ· ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÔ‡ Iˆ¿ÓÓË M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ì ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ E·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·È Ì ٷ ·ÔÌÓËÌÔÓ‡̷ٿ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ·fi ÙȘ ÈÔ ıÂÏÎÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁÒÓ·. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, fiˆ˜ ÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ Ô M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘, ›¯Â 5 ηχ‚È·, ‰ËÏ. 5 ʈÙÔ¯ÔÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. O ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô‡ÙÂ Î·Ó ÛÙÔ ÊÙˆ¯ÔÎ¿Ï˘‚fi ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËÎÂ, ·ÏÏ¿ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ “KÚ‡· BÚ‡ÛË” fiÔ˘ Ë Ì¿Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‹Á ӷ Ì·˙¤„ÂÈ Î·Ï·ÌÔÎȤ˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ˙Ò·. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ÕÁÈ· M·Ú›Ó·, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ, ̤۷ Û ‚·ı‡ÛÎȈٷ Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Î·È ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ ·ÙÚÈÎfi ÊÙˆ¯ÔÎ¿Ï˘‚Ô ÙÔ˘ M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓË. ¶ÚÔ˜ ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‹Úˆ· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Î¿ı 4 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù· M·ÎÚ˘ÁÈ¿ÓÓÂÈ·. ™ÙÔ A‚ÔÚ›ÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙËı› ¤Ó· ηϷ›ÛıËÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ì ÙÔ ·fi-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·69
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Û·ÛÌ· ÁÈ· ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·fi Ù· ·ÔÌÓËÌÔÓ‡̷ٿ ÙÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˘ ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ, ʈÏÈ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙȘ Ô̷Ϥ˜ ¡ - ¡¢ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ BÏ·¯Ô‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜. TÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ Mȯ·‹Ï ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ, ¶ÚˆÙÔÛÙÚ¿ÙÔÚ· (·Ú¯ÈÛÙÚ¿ÙËÁÔ) ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ H›ÚÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛfiÙË £ˆÌ¿ Î·È Ù˘ ÌËÙ¤Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÕÓÓ·˜ ¶·Ï·ÈÔÏÔÁ›Ó·˜. ŸÏË Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ›¯Â ‰Ôı› ˆ˜ ÎÙ‹Ì· Î·È “ÛÙÚÈ·ÙˆÙfiÚÈÔ˘” ÛÙÔÛÙÚ·ÙËÁfi, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ›¯Â Î·È ÙÔ ·Í›ˆÌ· Ù˘ “E› TÚ·¤˙˘”, ¤Ó· ›‰Ô˜ Úˆı˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡. O ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ›Û˘ ÏfiÁÈÔ˜, ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ Î·È Îˆ‰ÈÎÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ Î·È ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ Ì ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓËÛ˘¯›Â˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ §·Ì¤Èη ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ·Ú¯·›· ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·. MÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠӷ ηÙÔÈÎÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ Î·È ˘ÔÙ·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˘. ŒÙÛÈ, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÌÈÎÚÔ› ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÔ› ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› (IÙÈ¿, AÔÛ˘‰ÂÈ¿, §·Ì¤Èη ÎÙÏ) Î·È ÙÂÏÈο ÔÈ Î¿ÙÔÈÎÔ› Ù˘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜. K‡ÚÈÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ §·ÌÔÌ˘ÏfiÚÂÌ· (ڤ̷ ÙÔ˘ §¿ÌÔ˘ M‡ÏÔ˘, ÔÈ ¯¿ÚÙ˜ ÙÔ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ó KÔ˘Ê·-
ÏfiÚÂÌ·) Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ BÏ·¯Ô‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ Î·È Î·Ù‚·›ÓÂÈ ‰˘ÙÈο ·fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ AÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ Î·È Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈ, ·ÊÔ‡ ‰Â¯ı› ÛÙÔ ÌÂٷ͇ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ڤ̷ٷ, ÛÙÔ §ÈÌÓÈÙÛ·ÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, Ô˘ ÎÈ ·˘Ùfi Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· P¤ÚÂÛË. O ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜ Ì ٷ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÙÔ˘ Û›ÙÈ·, ÙȘ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜ ÙÔ˘, Ì ٷ ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ÛÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ §Ô¯·ÁÔ‡ KˆÓ. KÔ˚ÙÛ¿ÓÔ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ· Ì ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·ÏfiÚÂÔ Î˘‰ˆÓÔÛÙ¿ÙË Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙË ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË, Ì ÙÔ Î·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ “KÔÈÓÔٷگ›Ԕ (Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ TÔÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï›Ô˘, ÌÈÎÚfi •ÂÓÒÓ·, ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎfi È·ÙÚÂ›Ô Î·È Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘) ÈηÓÔÔÈ› ÙËÓ ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÛΤÙË. E›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ÓÂÔÎÏ·ÛÈÎfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ™¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Î·È ÙÔ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ ÛÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ù˘ ∞ÁÚÔÙÈ΋˜ ∆Ú¿Â˙·˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫Ô˘·Î›Ô˘ ™Ù· ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ZˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ KÔ˘¿ÎÈ. E›Ó·È ·ÎÔ˘ÌÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ Ï·ÁÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1.081 Ì.), ·ÓÙÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. TÔ 1849 Ô ÙfiÙ Œ·Ú¯Ô˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜ Û ¤ÎıÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È, Û ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÚ‹ ·Ú¯·›Ô ‡ÚÁÔ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “™›ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜” Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ
∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜
205
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·70
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ fiÓÔÌ· ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi. E›Û˘ ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘ Ù¿ÊÔÈ, ÔÁÎfiÏÈıÔÈ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·, ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ¶·ÏÈÔÎÔ‡·ÎÔ, IÙÈ¿, ¶fiÓÙ˙·ÓË, M·Ú·‚¤ÏÈ Î.¿. EÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ÙÔ˘, ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ·fi ‰Ú‡Â˜, ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰¤Ó‰Ú·. ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î˘Ï¿ÂÈ Ì ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ ÙÔ KÔ˘·ÎfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ. ¢È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÂÍ·›ÚÂÙË ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿ Î·È ÙË Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ì ÙÔ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi η̷ӷÚÈfi, Ù· ‰›ÏÔ‚· ·Ú¿ı˘Ú· Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷ΋ ‰fiÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. NÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ MÂÛÏ¿ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÌÔ˘Û›Ô, Ô˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ™¯ÔÏ›Ԣ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÏÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ ™Ù· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ AÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ AÏfiÚ·¯Ë (1.189 Ì.), Ô˘ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ë ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ BÏ·¯Ô‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ Ì ÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ (1.670 Ì.), ¶·Ù‹Ì·Ù· (1.613, 1.682 Ì.) Î·È £ÂÔ‡Ï˘ (1.542 Ì.). E›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Û ·ÌÊÈı·ÙÚÈÎfi Î·È Î·ÙËÊÔÚÈÎfi ¤‰·ÊÔ˜. H ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ AÏÂÔ‡ (AÏÔ‡) ›Ù ·’ ¢ı›·˜ ·fi ÙÔ ·ÁÚ›ÌÈ, ›Ù ·fi ·ÚˆÓ‡ÌÈÔ. ¶ÔχÙÈÌÔ ÛÙ¤ÌÌ· ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜. Afi ÙȘ Ú¿¯Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ Ô AÏÔ¯ˆÚ›ÙÈÎÔ˜ Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È Ù· ˙ˆÚÈ·Ó›ÙÈη Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ڤ̷ٷ ηٷϋÁÂÈ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “KÂÏ›” ÙÔ˘ Z¢ÁÔÏ·ÙÈÔ‡ Ù˘ IÙÈ¿˜ ÛÙÔ §ÈÌÓÈÙÛÔÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÈÔ Î¿Ùˆ ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· P¤ÚÂÛË. ™ÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ, fiÔ˘ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· Ì ÙË Ó·˘·ÎÙȷ΋ TÂÚ„Èı¤·, ‹Ù·Ó ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ 206
¯ˆÚÈfi K¤Ú·ÌÔÈ, ÔÁÎÒ‰ÂȘ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÌÈÎÚÔ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. O Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ·˜ Î·È Ù· ÁÚ·ÊÈο ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ÔÈ ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ºÙÂÚÔ‡ÛÈ Î·È ÙË ¢¤ÛË, ÙÔÓ Õ˚ §È· Î·È ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ı· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹ ÙË ¯·Ú¿ Ù˘ ÁÓˆÚÈÌ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛ˘. ™ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÙÔÓ √ÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ fiÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fiÛÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÏ˘Î¿, ÙÔÈΤ˜ ›Ù˜ Î·È ÎÔÓÙÔÛÔ‡‚ÏÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÂÚÈ‚ÔÏ›Ô˘ ™Ù· ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ KÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1959 ÔÓÔÌ·˙fiÙ·Ó AÁÏ·‚›ÛÙ· - AÁÏ·‚›ÙÛ·. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·Ú·ÌÔ‡˙· ‹ ¶¤Ú· XˆÚÈfi, fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘. MÂÙ¿ ·fi ηÙÔÏ›ÛıËÛË Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‚Ë ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ 1857 ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ Ó¤Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¤ÛË. TÔ Ó¤Ô ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ ÙÔ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈΛÏË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. ™Â ÎÔÓÙÈÓ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ Á‡Úˆ Ú¿¯Â˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿Ê˘Ù˜ ·fi ·ÚȤ˜, ÎÔ˘Ì·ÚȤ˜, ‰Ú‡Â˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ‰·ÛÈο ›‰Ë. ŒÓ· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ AÁÏ·‚ÈÛÙfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ. ™ÙËÓ ·ÁÚÔÙÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ‚ÚÂı› ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. M¿ÏÈÛÙ· ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÂÚ› ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ KÂÚ·Ì›Ԣ. ™ÙÔ ¯·ÌËÏfi ÏfiÊÔ æËÏÔ¯ÒÚ·ÊÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÁÁ›· Î·È Ù¿ÊÔ˜. TÒÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚˘ıÈÛÙ› ÛÙË Ï›ÌÓË. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰· ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÛÙË ı¤ÛË K·˚ÁÈ¿ÚÈ, fiÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÏÈ¿ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ. O Ó·fi˜ ·ÔÂÚ·ÙÒıËΠÙÔ 1905 Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ‰‡Ô ÛÙÔÏ›‰È·: ÙÔ Í‡ÏÈÓÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢ˆÚȤ· ͢ÏÔÁχÙË Iˆ¿ÓÓË KÈÓÙÒÓË Î·È ÙȘ ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜ Ù˘ AÁÈÔÚ›ÙÈ-
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·71
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ΢ ·‰ÂÏÊfiÙËÙ·˜ B·ÚÏ·¿Ì (1926 - 1929). °Ú·ÊÈÎfi ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ T·ÍÈ¿Ú¯Ë Mȯ·‹Ï ÛÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË A̤ÏÈ·, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ÊÚ¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ˘ MfiÚÓÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ B∞ ·fi ÙÔ ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ. TÔ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ fiÓÔÌ· ‹Ù·Ó §Ô‡ÙÛÔ‚Ô˜ ‹ §Ô‡ÙÛÔ‚Ô (§Ô‡ÙÛ -Ô‚Ô, Ë Î·Ù¿ÏËÍË Â›Ó·È ÛÏ¿‚ÈÎË, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÌÂÓË Î·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ AÏ‚·ÓÔ‡˜). TÔ ÚÒÙÔ Û˘ÓıÂÙÈÎfi ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi: §Ô‡ÙÛ· (Ë) = Ê˘ÛÈÎfi˜ ‹ Ù¯ÓËÙfi˜ ÓÂÚfiÏ·ÎÎÔ˜, ÙfiÔ˜ fiÔ˘ Ì·˙ÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ù· ‚Úfi¯ÈÓ· ÓÂÚ¿. EÔ̤ӈ˜ §Ô‡ÙÛÔ‚Ô Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ÏÔ‡˙ÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ÓÂÚ¿ Î·È Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Â›Ó·È Ô KÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜ (ÙÒÚ· ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘), ÙÔ §Ô˘ÙÛfiÚÂÌ· Î·È ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ËÁÒÓ Î·È ÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ. TÔ 1930 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠KfiÎÎÈÓÔÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎfi ÔÙ·Ìfi KfiÎÎÈÓÔ ‹ KÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ. M ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Û΢‹ Ù˘ §›ÌÓ˘ ÙÔ˘ MfiÚÓÔ˘, Ô˘ Á¤ÌÈÛ ÙÔ 1970, Ù· ÔÙ¿ÌÈ· Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‚·ÏÏ·Ó ÂÚ› ÙÔ ™ÙÂÓfi ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ §›ÌÓ˘. ŒÙÛÈ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, Î·È Ô KÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ηٿ ÙÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ô˘ ÁÂÈÙÓÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ ¤ÁÈÓ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ §›ÌÓ˘. B¤‚·È·, Ë ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙË Ï›ÌÓË ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ÙÔ Ì·Á¢ÙÈÎfi, ·ÏÏ¿ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ·˘Ù‹ ‚˘ı›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ MÔÓ‹˜, ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ ÌÔÓ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ 1198 Ì.X., ·ÊÈÂڈ̤Ó˘ ÛÙËÓ YÂÚ¿ÁÈ· £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ ·fi ÙÔ MÔÓ·¯fi M‡ÚˆÓ· Î·È ÎÙÈṲ̂Ó˘ Û ¯·ÌËÏfi ÏfiÊÔ 100 Ì. ÂÚ›Ô˘, ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹ÚÔ˜,
ÙÔ ¤ÙÚÈÓÔ ÁÂʇÚÈ Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙÔ› ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ. A̤ۈ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ MfiÚÓÔ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ô ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜ °. ™ˆÙËÚÈ¿‰Ë˜ “·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ· Èηӿ Ï›„·Ó· ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ÙÂȯÒÓ, ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏfiÓÙˆÓ Ì¤Á· ÙÂÙÚ¿Ï¢ÚÔÓ, Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ù¤ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÙÈ, ˆ˜ ÙÔ ÂÓ £¤ÚÌÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ AfiÏψÓÔ˜”. N∞ ‰Â › ¯·ÌËÏÔ‡ ÁËÏfiÊÔ˘ (486 Ì.) ÛÙÔ ¶·ÏÈfiηÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ §Ô‡ÙÛÔ‚Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ›ȷ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÊÚÔ˘Ú›Ô˘. K·Ï·›ÛıËÙÔ˜ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ KÔ›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Ù· ÁÚ·ÊÈο ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Û ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ·ÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚÔ‡˜, Ù· ÔÌÔÚÊÔÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ Û›ÙÈ·, Ë Ï·Ù›· Ì ÙÔ ÏÈÙfi HÚÒÔÓ, ÔÈ ÚÂÌ·ÙȤ˜ Î·È Ù· ‰¿ÛË, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Î·È ÚÔÛηÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹ Ó· Ù· ÂÈÛÎÂÊı›. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÒÓ µfiÚÂÈ· ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡, ÛÙȘ µ∞ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘. ¶·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ Î·È Î·Ù·Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ÔÏÏ¿ ÓÂÚ¿. ™Â ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ÛÙËÓ KfiÎηÏË P¿¯Ë ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓÔ Ì ÙË ıÚ˘ÏÈ΋ ϤÔÓ M·Ú›· ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÒÙÈÛÛ· Ë ÔÔ›· ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËÎÂ, ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÛÂ Î·È Ï‹ÚˆÛÂ Â‰Ò ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Ù˘, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ÙÚ·ÁÔ˘‰‹ıËΠ̠¿ıÔ˜ ·fi ÙË ‰ËÌÔÙÈ΋ ÌÔ‡Û·: ™Ù· ™¿ÏˆÓ· ÛÊ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÚÓÈ¿ Î·È ÛÙÔ XÚ˘Ûfi ÎÚÈ¿ÚÈ· Î·È ÛÙ˘ M·Ú›·˜ ÙËÓ Ô‰È¿ ÛÊ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÏÏËοÚÈ·.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ™ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ ÙˆÓ T·ÍÈ·Ú¯ÒÓ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔÓ ÂÙÔÈÌfiÚÚÔÔ Ó·fi ÙÔ 1907 Î·È Ô ‚·ı‡ÛÎȈÙÔ˜ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· Ê˘Ù‡ÙËΠÙÔ 1913, ÁÈ·Ù› Ô ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ η٤ÂÛ ·fi ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÈÔÓÈÔ‡. EÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ô‡ÏÈ·, fiÔ˘ ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈΤ˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, Ô˘ ʤÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· «µ·Ú‰Ô˘Ûȷ΋ Û¯ÔÏ‹ ∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈÔ˘ §fiÁÔ˘» ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË 300 ÙfïÓ, ·ÍÈÔı¤·ÙË Ë MÂÁ¿ÏË BÚ‡ÛË Ô˘ ¯Ù›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1881 Î·È Â˘¯¿ÚÈÛÙË ¤ÎÏËÍË Ô Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ˜ ·Ï·Èfi˜ ‰ÚÔÌ›ÛÎÔ˜ Ô˘ Û ԉËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ıÂÏÎÙÈÎfi˜ Ô ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜. M ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹ÌÔÓ·˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·Ù·Û΢¿ÛÙËΠfiˆ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ 1889, ÂÓÒ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚË Ï¿Î· ÈÔ ¿Óˆ ·Ó¿ÁÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙÔ 1416.
∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ˘ ∆Ô TÚ›ÛÙÂÓÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙË ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜. O KÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ·fi Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î·È ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· Î·È ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ ÛÊȯٷÁηÏÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó, ÂÓÒ ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó οÔÈ· ÎÂÓ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÚÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ. O ¶Ô˘Î‚›Ï (ÂÚ› ÙÔ 1815) ÙÔ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ˆ˜ TÚ›-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÛÙÂÓ·, η٤ÏËÍ fï˜ Û ¢ÚÂÛÙÂÓ¿ ÁÈ· Ó· ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙ› Û TÚ›ÛÙÂÓÔÓ ÙÔ 1928. N∞ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ÏfiÊÔ Ô˘ ÚÔÛٷهÂÙ·È ·fi ‰‡Ô ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ, ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ›¯ÓË Ù›¯Ô˘˜. E›Û˘ ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ Î·È TÛÔ˘ÚÓÂÎÈ¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ›¯ÓË ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô›ÎËÛ˘. ™Ù· ÚÈ˙¿ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ›¯ÓË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡ Ì ÌÔÓ·ÛÙËÚȷο ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. T· ÁÂʇÚÈ·, ÔÈ 6 ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏÔÈ Î·È ÔÈ ‚Ú‡Û˜ MÂÁ¿ÏË BÚ‡ÛË Î·È BÚ‡ÛË MfiÙÛÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ·fi ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ™¯ÔÏ›Ԣ (1906), Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ, Â›Ó·È ¿ÍÈ· ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘. O ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ MÂÙ·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ™ˆÙ‹Úˆ˜ ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ TÚÈÛÙÂÓÈÒÙË ·ÁÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ K. ™˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘. ∆Ô 1903 ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÙËΠÛȉÂÚ¤ÓÈ· Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÛÙÔÓ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ Ô˘ Â͢ËÚÂÙÔ‡Û ٷ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ‰˘ÛÙ˘¯Ò˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È È· Û ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. §›ÁÔ ÈÔ ¤Íˆ ÛÙ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ¶·Ó·Á›·, Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓ˘ Î·È ‰˘ÙÈο Ô Õ˚ §È¿˜ Â›Ó·È ı¤ÛÂȘ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Î·È ·fiÏ·˘Û˘ ÌÈ·˜ ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋˜ ı¤·˜. ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È ÙÔ ÔÚÔ¤‰ÈÔ ¶Ú·ÙÙ·§¿ÎÎÔ˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· À„ËÏÔ‡ ÃˆÚ›Ô˘ µfiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ æËÏfi XˆÚÈfi. E›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ì¤Û· ÛÙ· ¤Ï·Ù· Û’ ¤Ó· ÂÈÎÏÈÓ¤˜ Îԛψ̷ Î·È ·ÁηÏÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ ™ÎÔÙÂÈÓ‹ (1.537 Ì.), TÛԇη (1.609 Ì.) Î·È Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ·˜ (1.590 Ì.). M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1927 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó NÔ‡ÙÛÔÌ‚ÚÔ˜ ‹ NÔ‡ÙÛÔÌÚÔ ·fi ÙȘ ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÏÒÚȘ ηڢ‰È¤˜ Ô˘ ÂȯˆÚÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. K·Ù¿ Ì›· ÂΉԯ‹ Â›Ó·È Û‡ÓıÂÙË ‚Ï¿¯ÈÎË Ï¤ÍË Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ Î·Ú˘‰ÔÛΛ·ÛÙÔ˜ ÙfiÔ˜, ηڢ‰fiÙÔÔ˜. Œ¯ÂÈ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÓÂÚ¿, Ô˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û 7 ‚Ú‡Û˜. ¶ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙË Ì ‰‡Ô Îԇ˜ Ë MÂÁ¿ÏË BÚ‡ÛË. ™ÙËÓ ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿
Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ K·ÎfiÚÂÌ· Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÌÈÎÚÔڤ̷ٷ ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ÔÙÈÛÙÈο ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· Î·È 40 ηχ‚È·, ÙÒÚ· fiÏ· ÂÁηٷÏÂÈÌ̤ӷ. ¢¤Î· Ó·Ô› ÛÙÔÏ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. OÈ ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÈ Â›Ó·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÔÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ·. “K·Ù¿·Ù· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙË ‚Ú‡ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÎÎÔ˘” Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1852 Î·È ·ÁÈÔÁÚ·Ê‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ AfiÛÙÔÏÔ ™ÙÂÚÁ›Ô˘, Ù·Ï·ÓÙÔ‡¯Ô ÓÙfiÈÔ Ï·˚Îfi ˙ˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ. ™ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢È¯ˆÚ›Ô˘ ™Ù· µ· ÙÔ˘ æËÏÔ‡ XˆÚÈÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÌÈ· Â›Â‰Ë Ï·ÁÈ¿ ˘fi ÙË ÛÎÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Ù˘ KˆÛÙ¿ÚÈÙÛ·˜ (2.375 Ì.). H ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Â›Ó·È ÔÚÁÈ·ÛÙÈ΋, Ë ı¤· ÂÎÏËÎÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ÙÔ˘, ÔχÙÈÌÔ ‰È¿‰ËÌ·. ŒÓ· ϤÁÌ· ÌÈÎÚÔ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ Î·È ¯ÂÈÌ¿ÚÚˆÓ ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ∫ˆÛÙ·ÚÈÙÛfiÚÂÌ· (M·˘ÚÔÓ¤ÚÈ) Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ, ÂÓÒ ‰˘ÙÈο Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ TÔÏÙÔڤ̷ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ¯‡ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ·˘Ùfi ÛÙÔÓ KfiÎÎÈÓÔ. ¶·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ¤ÊÂÚ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· KˆÛÙ¿ÚÈÙÛ·. TÔ 1927 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠¢È¯ÒÚÈ (¢‡Ô XˆÚÈ¿), ‰ÈfiÙÈ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰‡Ô ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Ú¤Ì· TÛÒÓË. X·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Î·ÛÙ·-
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Ófi‰·ÛÔ˜, Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛˆÓ˘Ì›· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi K·ÛÙ·ÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ¶·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· Ù· οÛÙ·Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ÌÈ· Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ÚfiÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™ÙÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ˘ÎÓfi ÂÏ·Ùfi‰·ÛÔ˜. TÔ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ ¤¯ÂÈ 3 ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜ Î·È 6 ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·. H ∫Ô›ÌËÛË Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ ÛÙÔ E¿Óˆ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1930 ÛÙ· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ·ÏÈÔ‡ MÔÓ·ÛÙËÚÈÔ‡. TÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÚ›Ù¯ÓÔ ¿Ì‚ˆÓ·, ÙÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ì ·ÏȤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÚÔ·ӷÛÙ·ÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ 1848 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. E›Û˘ ·ÍÈÔı¤·ÙË Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ÙÔ˘ K¿Ùˆ XˆÚÈÔ‡, Ô˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1728 Î·È ˘¤ÛÙË Î·Ù¿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛÂȘ. ¢È·ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ ‰¿Â‰Ô Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi. MÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È Ë ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁÈÔ˜ MËÓ¿˜ ¡∞ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ KˆÛÙ·ÚÈÙÛfiÚÂÌ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfiÛÈÙ·, ‚Ú¤ıËΠٿÊÔ˜ Ì ÂÈه̂ȷ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹. ™ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓıËÎ·Ó ÂÚ›ȷ οÛÙÚÔ˘ Ô˘ ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ¶·ÏÈfi˘ÚÁÔ˜ Î·È Èı·ÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ fiÏË ∂ÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘. TÔ BÔ˘Ófi Ù˘ KˆÛÙ¿ÚÈÙÛ·˜ Ì ٷ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ÏÈ‚¿‰È· ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÚÂÊ ·ÏÈ¿, fiÙ·Ó ˘‹Ú¯·Ó ·ÎfiÌ· ÔÏÏÔ› οÙÔÈÎÔÈ, ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ ÁȉÔÚfi‚·Ù·. E‰Ò ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Â›Ó·È Ë AÔÎÏ›ÛÙÚ·, fiÔ˘ ‡ÚÈÛÎ·Ó Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ÔÈ Î˘ÓËÁË̤ÓÔÈ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ›, Â‰Ò Î·È ÙÔ NÂÚ·˚‰¿ÏˆÓÔ fiÔ˘ ·ÙÂÏ›ˆÙÔÈ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ¯ÔÚÔ› ÙˆÓ Ó˘ÌÊÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿˜ ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ æËÏÔ‡ ÈÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ë KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿. ¶·ÏÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ™Ô˘ÚÔ‡ÛÙÈ. KÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ °ÚËÁfiÚÈ N·˘·ÎÙ›·˜ Î·È ¡∞ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿, Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÂÚÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜, 210
ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Î·ÙÔÈÎÔ‡ÛÂ Ô ·Ô‡˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÙÚÈ΋ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ·Ú¯ËÁÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‘21 °È¿ÓÓË º·ÚÌ¿ÎË. O ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎfi ™Ô˘ÚÔ‡ÛÙÈ, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ›ÛËÌ· KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ KÂÚ·Û¤·È, ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ Ë ÙfiÙ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ‰‡Ô KÂÚ·ÛȤ˜. TÔ 1830 ¢ËÌÔÁ¤ÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ ™Ô˘ÚÔ‡ÛÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ X·ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜. TÔ 1835 ÙÔ ™Ô˘ÚÔ‡ÛÙÈ ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ BˆÌ¤·˜ (¤‰Ú· AÚÙÔÙ›Ó·) Î·È Ë KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ KÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ (¤‰Ú· KÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ). TÔ 1836 Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ KÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ Î·È ÙÔ 1869 ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ BˆÌ¤·˜. E‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂÚ›ÊËÌÔ ÂÏ·Ùfi‰·ÛÔ˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚ›˙ÂÙ·È AÓ·ÁηÛÙÈÎfi˜ Û˘ÓÂÙ·ÈÚÈÛÌfi˜. TÔ‡ÙÔ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏ¿Ú¯Ë °È¿ÓÓË º·ÚÌ¿ÎË, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓfiÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ˆÏ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1882 Û 82 ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙËÓ KÂÚ·ÛÈ¿, ÙÔ °ÚËÁfiÚÈ, ÙËÓ EÏ·ÙÔ‡ Î·È ÙËÓ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡. T· ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙ· Û›ÙÈ· Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ·, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ë ¶·Ó·Á›ÙÛ· Ì ÙÔÓ ˘„ËÏfi ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ Ù˘, Ô ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÙÚfi¯ÙÈÛÙÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË Ô˘ ÛÙÔÏ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ Á¤ÚÔ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ Î·È ÙÔ HÚÒÔ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ˘ÂڷȈÓfi‚ÈÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô, Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Â›Ó·È Î¿ÔÈ· ·fi Ù· ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ™Ù· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¶·ÏÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ (¶·Ï·ÈÔÎÂÚ·ÛÈ¿) Î·È BÏ·¯Ô‚Ô‡ÓÈ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ·Ú¯·›ÔÈ Ù¿ÊÔÈ Î·È ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ÕÏÏ· ·ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ηÂÙ·ÓfiÛÈÙÔ EÓı‡ÌÈÔ˘ B¤ÈÌÔ˘, Ô˘ ÙÔ ¤ÎÙÈÛÂ Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ ÙÔ 1831, fiˆ˜ Ì·˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ› Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ˘ Ͽη˜. E›Û˘ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È ¿ÁÚÈÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô BÚ¿¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ K·Ù·Ê˘Á›Ô˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈÔ˘ ∆Ô KÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿˜ Û ÌÈ· ·Ú¿Î·Ì„Ë ÙÔ˘ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ‰˘ÙÈο. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ô BÔ˚ÙÛ¿ÓÔ˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·75
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ (BÔÙÛ·˝ÙÈÎÔ˜), ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ E‡ËÓÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ˘„ÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÏ·ÙÔÛΤ·ÛÙ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ ÙˆÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. AÍÈÔÚfiÛÎÂÎÙÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· 5 ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÈÒÓ Û ۯ‹Ì· Z Ì ÎÔÈÓ‹ Úȯً ÛÙ¤ÁË ·fi ϿΘ Û¯ÈÛÙfiÏÈıÔ˘. ∆· 5 Û›ÙÈ· Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ˘fiÁÂÈÔ ‰È¿‰ÚÔÌÔ. EÈ‚ÏËÙÈ΋ Ë ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ· Î·È ÁÚ·ÊÈο Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜, ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ §È· Î·È ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁË. ∆¿ÊÔÈ, ÛÎÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ‹ÏÈÓ· ·ÁÁ›· Î·È ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› Û’ ¤Ó· ¯·ÌËÏfi ÏfiÊÔ ÛÙȘ ™˘ÎȤ˜ ‹ Kڷ۷̤ÏÈ·, 1 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ ¡¢ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·˜ ∏ AÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. TÚÔÊfi˜ ÔÏÏÒÓ Î·ÂÙ·Ó·›ˆÓ, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ™Î·ÏÙÛÔ‰‹ÌÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ AÓ‰Ú›ÙÛÔ˘ ™·Ê¿Î·, ÙÔ˘ °È¿ÓÓË PÔ‡ÎË, ÙÔ˘ °ÂÚ¿ÓÙˆÓÔ˘, ÙÔ˘ ¶ÈÛÙÈfiÏË ™·Ê¿Î·, ÙÔ˘ º·Û›Ù˙· Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÒÓ ‰›Î·È· ‹Ú ÙÔÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ ÙÈÌ‹˜, K·ÂÙ·ÓÔ¯ÒÚÈ. ∞fi ÙÔ 1836 ¤ˆ˜ 1869 ˘·ÁfiÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∫ÚÔ΢Ï›Ԣ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó Ë ıÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û·. ∞fi ÙÔ 1869 ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 1912 ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µˆÌ¤·˜ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó Ë ıÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· (¯ÂÈÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ). KÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ Ì ÂÈÚÚÔ‹ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙ· ÎÔÓÙÈÓ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙˆÓ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ. K¿ÔÈÔÈ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ Ë ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· Â›Ó·È ‚Ï¿¯È-
΢ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Î·È ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ N¤· ÕÚÙ·. ¶Èı·ÓfiÙÂÚË fï˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂΉԯ‹ fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ Ï·ÙÈÓÈ΋ ÚԤϢÛË Î·È ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÔÙ¿ÌÔ˘ (.¯. AÚÙÔÙ›‚·). ™Â ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ Ë AÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ·ÓÂÌfi‰ÈÛÙ· ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙË ı¤· ÙˆÓ ‰˘ÙÈÎÒÓ B·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ, ÂÓÒ Ô ÌÂÁ·ÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˜ E‡ËÓÔ˜, ÙÔ ·Ú·ÎÏ¿‰È ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ K·ÏÔÁÂÚÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, ÙÔ M¤Á· P¤Ì· Î·È ÙÔ ™·˚ÙfiÚÂÌ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÛÙÔȯ›˙Ô˘Ó. ™Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο, ¤Ú· ·fi ÙË ¯·Ú¿‰Ú·, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› Ï›„·Ó· ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ù· „ËÏ¿ Î·È ÙÂÙÚ¿ÁˆÓ· Û›ÙÈ·, ÂÙÚÔÎÙÈṲ̂ӷ Ì ÙÔ ÌÂÚ¿ÎÈ ÙˆÓ ·ÏÈÒÓ Ì·ÛÙfiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ¤ÙÚ·˜, Ì ٷ ÂÁ¯¿Ú·ÎÙ· ·ÁΈӿÚÈ·, Î·È Ù· ‰›·Ù· Ì·Á·˙È¿ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÏÔ‡ÛÈÔ Î·È ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ Ù˘ AÚÙÔÙ›Ó·˜. ∆· ηÂÙ·ÓfiÛÈÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ™Î·ÏÙÛ¿ ÌfiÓÔ ·Ó·ÌÓËÛÙÈΤ˜ ÛًϘ Ù· ı˘Ì›˙Ô˘Ó: “EÓÙ·‡ı· ÂÁÂÓÓ‹ıË ÙÔ 1786 ‹
∏ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·˜
∏ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·˜
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
10:56
™ÂÏ›‰·76
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ 1788 Ô ‹Úˆ·˜ Ù˘ AÏ·Ì¿Ó·˜ Ô Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¢È¿ÎÔ˜...” Î·È “EÓÙ·‡ı· ¤ÎÂÈÙÔ Ë ÔÈΛ·, fiÔ˘ ÂÁÂÓÓ‹ıË Ô ÔÏ·Ú¯ËÁfi˜ ÙÔ˘ 1821 ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ™Î·ÏÙÛ¿˜ ‹ ™Î·ÏÙÛÔ‰‹ÌÔ˜”. MfiÓÔ fiÚıÈÔ Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ™·Ê¿Î·, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ì Á·Ï·˙ÔÏ›ı·Ú˜ ÂÏÂÎËÙ¤˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Û ÙÂÙÚ¿ÁˆÓÔ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi Û¯‹Ì·, ˘„ËÏfi Ì ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ·Ú¿ı˘Ú·. KÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1810 Î·È ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÁÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ™ÙÚ·ÙËÁÔ‡ AÓ‰Ú›ÙÛÔ˘ ™·Ê¿Î·, ÙÔ °È¿ÓÓË, ÙÔ 1860. TÔ ·Ú¯ÔÓÙÈÎfi ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜ Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ IÛÙÔÚÈÎfi - §·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. E›Û˘ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘. ™Ù· ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚ÔÛÎÔÙfiÈ· Ù˘ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ·, ¤‚ÔÛÎ·Ó ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ ÁȉÔÚfi‚·Ù·. √È ÛÔ‰ÂȤ˜ Ù˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÏÔ‡ÛȘ Û fiÛÚÈ·, ÎÚ·Û›, ηϷÌfiÎÈ Î·È Ë Í˘Ï›· Ù˘ ¿ÊıÔÓË ·fi Ù· Á‡Úˆ ‰¿ÛË. À‹Ú¯Â ›Û˘ ‚ÈÔÙ¯ӛ· µÔËÌÒÓ (µÏ¿¯ˆÓ) Ô˘ ¤ÊÙÈ·¯Ó·Ó Ì·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ, ηÚÊÈ¿, Û›‰ÂÚ·, Î·È ÁˆÚÁÈο ÂÚÁ·Ï›·. BÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ÌÈ· ‰·ÛfiÊ˘ÙË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, fiÔ˘ ÛÙ· fi‰È· Ù˘ Î˘Ï¿ÂÈ Ô E‡ËÓÔ˜, Â›Ó·È ÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÈÌ›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘, ÙÔ MÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘. E‰Ò ÌfiÓ·ÛÂ Ô ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¢È¿ÎÔ˜, Ô ‹Úˆ·˜ Ù˘ AÏ·Ì¿Ó·˜. ™Â
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πÂÚ¿ ªÔÓ‹ ∆ÈÌ›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘
ÎÂÏ›, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1888, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÁΈӿÚÈ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ 1728, Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛ˘ ‹ ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÌÔÓ‹˜. TÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Î·ıÔÏÈÎfi Ì ‰›ÚȯÙË ÛÙ¤ÁË ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠfiˆ˜ Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ì ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË Ï¿Î· ¿Óˆ ·’ ÙË ‚ÔÚÈÓ‹ fiÚÙ·, ÙÔ 1806. OÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÏȤ˜ Î·È Î¿ÔȘ ʤÚÔ˘Ó ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›· 1812. ¢È·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÎÂÏ› ÙÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ·ÓÒÁÂÈÔ ÎÈ ¤Ó· ÈÛfiÁÂÈÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ì ÔÏÂÌ›ÛÙÚ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘˜. TÔ ¿ÙˆÌ· Â›Ó·È ÊÙÈ·Á̤ÓÔ Ì ͇ÏÈÓ· ‰ÔοÚÈ·, ÂÈÛÙڈ̤ÓÔ Ì ϿÛË ·fi ¯ÒÌ·. AÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÏÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¯¿ÏÎÈÓË ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ Û ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ‚¿ıÚÔ. TÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÎËÚ‡¯ıËΠ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô ·fi ÙÔ 1965 Î·È Î·Ù·‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â¿Ó‰ÚˆÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ¶·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ (29
∫ÂÏ› ÙÔ˘ ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÈÌ›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
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™ÂÏ›‰·77
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ A˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘) Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Ë ¶ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ºÏ¿ÌÔ˘ÚÔ˘, Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Ï·Ù›·, ˘fi ÙËÓ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓË ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ◊Úˆ·, fiÔ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ‰È‹ÌÂÚÔ ÁϤÓÙÈ. ™ÙÔ ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÙ·¯ı› Î·È ·ıÏËÙÈÎÔ› ·ÁÒÓ˜ Ù· ‘‘¢È¿ÎÂÈ·’’. ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ∞fi ÙȘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂4 Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ŒÚ¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi °Ú·Ì̤ÓË √͢¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ¿Óˆ Û ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Î·È ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi ÙË ªÔÓ‹ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·. ªÂÙ¿ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Û ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ì ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÔÚ›· ÁÈ· Ó· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÈ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ªÔ˘ÛÔ˘ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈη ÏÈ‚¿‰È· Î·È ÚÔ¯ˆÚ› ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈο ηٷʇÁÈ· ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¢È¿ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ºˆÎ›‰·˜. ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› Ï‹ıÔ˜ Â˙ÔÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ. ¶·ÚfiÙÈ fï˜, Ì ڈÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ÌÈ· ÚÒÙË Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ, ¿Óˆ ÛÂ
·ÏÈ¿ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· Ô˘ Û˘Ó¤‰Â·Ó Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿, ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙËı› Î·È Î·ı·ÚÈÛÙ›. ¶·ÚfiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ‡ÎÔϘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ Ù· ‰‡Ô ¯ˆÚÈ¿. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ Â˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂4. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ΢ڛˆ˜ ·ÏÈ¿ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ·. ∆Ô ÚÒÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ôχ ˆÚ·›· Î·È Â‡ÎÔÏË ‚fiÏÙ· ÂȉÈο ÁÈ· fiÛÔ˘˜ ÙËÓ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó ·fi ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Î·ÙËÊfiÚ·. ∆Ô ·ÏÈfi ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ô˘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Û ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›·, ÛÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÓ¿ ·fi ÌÈ· Î·Ù¿Ê˘ÙË Î·È
™‹Ì·ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ ∂4
∞˘ÙÔÛ¯¤‰ÈÔ ÁÂÊ˘Ú¿ÎÈ ÛÙËÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∂4
213
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
214
Ôχ ˆÚ·›· ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ Â›Ó·È Î·ÙÂÛÙÚ·Ì̤ÓÔ Î·È Ú¤ÂÈ Ó’ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ. ∆· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÈÔ‡ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ÓÈÁ̤ӷ ÛÙ· Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·. ∆Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ ÁÈ· fiÔÈÔÓ ÙËÓ Î¿ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ôχ ·fiÙÔÌË ·ÓËÊfiÚ· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, ¤Ó· Ôχ ˆÚ·›Ô ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ì ÓÂÚfi. ∞fi ÂΛ Î·È ¤Ú· Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÌÈ· ÈÛÔ¸„‹ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘ÓÈÔ‡ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÛÔ˘˜. ∞ÊÔ‡ ÊÙ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÊ·ÏÙÔ ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÂÚÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÊ‹ÙË. ∏Ï›· Î·È Î·ÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ¤Ó· Ôχ fiÌÔÚÊÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÁÈ· Ó· ÊÙ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Ï·Ù›·. ñ °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÏfiÊÔ ÙÔ˘ Õ˚ °È¿ÓÓË Ì ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· Î·È ÙËÓ ·¤Ú·ÓÙË ı¤·, ›Û˘ ÙÔ ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ AÁ›· ™ÔÊ›·, Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘, ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ AÔÛԉ›· Î·È ÌÂÚÈο ¿ÏÏ· Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ›· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ÌÔÚ› Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜ Ó· ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÔÌÔÚÊȤ˜ Î·È ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ·.
ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÕÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ∞ÏÔ¯ˆÚ›Ô˘. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È Ì¤Û· Û ÌÈ· ˘ÎÓ‹ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ì¤Û· Û ¤Ó· ˘¤ÚÔ¯Ô ‰Ú˘Ô‰¿ÛÔ˜. ∆Ô ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ·˘Ùfi ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· Û˘Ó¤¯È˙Â Î·È Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û ÛÙËÓ √ÚÂÈÓ‹ ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·. ñ ∂›Û˘ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÔÈ ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ºÙÂÚÔ‡ÛÈ Î·È ÙË ¢¤ÛË, ÙÔÓ Õ˚ §È· Î·È ÙËÓ AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ı· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹ ÙË ¯·Ú¿ Ù˘ ÁÓˆÚÈÌ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛ˘. §›ÁÔ ÈÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔϘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ›ӷÈ: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ˘ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ‰›Ï· Û ¤Ó· ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi ڤ̷ Ì ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Î·È ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ fiÔ˘ ̤۷ ·fi ¤Ó· ˘ÎÓfi ÂÏ·Ùfi‰·ÛÔ˜ ηÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·ÓËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ ÛÙ· 1.500 Ì. ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ, ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙË µÚ‡ÛË µÂÏËÁΤη Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Û ÔÏÏ¿ ÛËÌ›· ÏÈıfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ Î·ÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Î·È ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜ ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ÛȉÂÚ¤ÓÈ·
ªÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÎÎÈÓÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘
∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ÛÙ· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
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10:56
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˘. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Î·ÙËÊÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Î·È ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ ÎÈÓËı› ηÓ›˜ Ï›ÁÔ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙË ÛȉÂÚ¤ÓÈ· Á¤Ê˘Ú·. √ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ªËÏÈ¿ - ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ - √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ∫·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ - ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·. ªÈ· Ôχ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ªÔ˘ÛÔ˘ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈη ÏÈ‚¿‰È·, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ Ù˘ÚÔÎÔÌ›Ô, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË. ∞Ó‚·›ÓÂÈ ·fi ·‰È¤ÍÔ‰Ô ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÁÈ· 1-1,5 ¯ÏÌ. ÂÚ›Ô˘ Î·È Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Ì ÔÚ›· µ¢ ¿Óˆ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÚÂÈÓfi ·˘¯¤Ó· ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∆ÛÂϛηÈÓ·. ∞fi ÂΛ Ë ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ‰È·ÙÚ¤¯ÂÈ Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ Ì·ÎÚ‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÔÚÂÈÓ¤˜ Ú¿¯Â˜ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚ· 1.600 - 1.900 Ì. Û˘Ó¯Ҙ. ¢È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ªËÏÈ¿ (1.784 Ì.), ¶‡ÚÁÔ˜ (1.730 Ì.), ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ Ù˘ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ ÛÙ· 1.923 Ì. ∏ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·˘Ù‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó¯›ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· - ∞ÏÔÁÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ ∫·Ú¿‚È - ∫ÔÎοÏÈ· Ì ηٿÏËÍË ÛÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ ηٿ ÙˆÓ °·Ï·ÙÒÓ. ñ ¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË •ËÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘. ∞fi ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ Ù˘ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹˜ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ - ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ› ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ ‡ÎÔÏ· Ó’ ·Ó¤‚ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘ (1.670 Ì.), ·’ fiÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ˆÚ·›· ı¤·. ∞fi ÂΛ ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔ-
ªÂ Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ÛÙ· µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·
ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Ó· ÊÙ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ £ÂÔ‡Ï˘ (1.540 Ì.) ∏ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ·˘Ù‹ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È ·fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ·ÊÔ‡ ·Ó¤‚ÂÈ Î·Ó›˜ ÚÒÙ· ÛÙÔ ‡„ˆÌ· ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi fiÔ˘ ÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÌÈ· ‚fiÚÂÈ· ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ôχ ·fiÙÔÌË Ì¤¯ÚÈ Ó· Êı¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‡„ˆÌ· £ÂÔ‡Ï˘, ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ‡„ˆÌ· Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ •ÂÚÔ‚Ô˘Ó›Ô˘. ∞fi ÂΛ Ô Â˙ÔfiÚÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó’ ·ÔÏ·‡ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ı¤· ÚÔ˜ fiÏË ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È ÚÔ˜ ÙË Ï›ÌÓË ÙÔ˘ ªfiÚÓÔ˘. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¶Ôχ fiÌÔÚʘ Ô‰ËÏ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ Î·È ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂÈϤÁÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ: ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ, Î·È ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ ÚÔ˜ ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 ¶ÔÏϤ˜ Î·È ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÁÈ· ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙÔ ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ fiÛÔ Î·È ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºˆÎ›‰·˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο.
ÃÈÔÓÈṲ̂Ó˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 Û ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜
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∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
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ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¢È¿ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∫·ÏȤˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ºˆÎ›‰·˜ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ªÔ˘ÛÔ˘ÓÈÙÛÈÒÙÈη §È‚¿‰È· Î·È ÎÔÓÙ¿ ·fi Ù· ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈο ηٷʇÁÈ· ÙˆÓ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ. ñ ∞fi ÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ, æËÏfi ÈÚÈfi Î·È ∆Ú›ÛÙÂÓÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫·ÏÏÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙË ªÔÓ‹ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫˘‰ˆÓÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜, Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÙ› Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓË Î·È Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÈ¿ÙÛÈ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔÓ ÂıÓÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ - §È‰ˆÚÈΛԢ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫Ô˘¿ÎÈ (‰‡Ô ÛËÌ›·). ñ ∞fi Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∑ˆÚÈ¿ÓÔ˜ Î·È ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ∂Ï·ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ›.
ñ ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫fiÎÎÈÓÔ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ ÚÔ˜ ¶ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÈ.
¢È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ڤ̷ÙÔ˜ ·fi Â˙ÔfiÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹
∫·Ù·Û΋ӈÛË Ì ԉ‹Ï·ÙÔ ÛÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜
∆Ô Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ
∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ¢˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ Î·È ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙ· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘. ∂ÈϤÔÓ Ù· ÌÈÎÚ¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Â›Ó·È ·Î·ÙÔ›ÎËÙ· ÙÔ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· (¢È¯ÒÚÈ, ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿, ∫ÚÈ¿ÛÙÈ, æËÏfi ÈÚÈfi). °È· ÙËÓ ÂÛÙ›·ÛË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÚfiÛÊÔÚ· Â›Ó·È Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·, ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ›, ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ∑ÒÚÈ·ÓÔ˜ Î·È ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ. ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ηϷ›ÛıËÙÔÈ ÍÂÓÒÓ˜ Û ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ÎÙ›ÛÌ·Ù· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ¶ÂÓÙ·ÁÈÔ‡˜. ∫·Ù¿ Ù· ÏÔÈ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÍÂÓÒÓ˜ ÛÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÙËÓ ∫ÂÚ·ÛÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ ¢È¯ÒÚÈ Î·È ÂÓÔÈÎÈ·˙fiÌÂÓ· ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈ· ÛÙËÓ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó·. ∆¤ÏÔ˜ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹, ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Û˘ÓÂÓÓfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ ‰‹ÌÔ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ ÛÙÔ ∫ÚÔ·ÏÂÈÔ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ ÂÈÛ΢¿ÛÙËΠ̠¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+. ∆ÔÈΤ˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ¤˜ ∞ÚÙÔÙ›Ó· - π. ª. ∆›ÌÈÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ™ÙÔ ¶·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ (29 A˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘) Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Ë ¶ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ºÏ¿ÌÔ˘ÚÔ˘, Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ÂÈ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˘ ¢È¿ÎÔ˘ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Ï·Ù›·, ˘fi ÙËÓ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓË ÚÔÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ◊Úˆ·, fiÔ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ‰È‹ÌÂÚÔ ÁϤÓÙÈ. ¶ÚÔÛʤÚÂÙ·È Ê·ÛÔÏ¿‰· ÓÂÚfi‚Ú·ÛÙË ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ï¿‰È ÏfiÁˆ ÓËÛÙ›·˜ ‹ ÛٷʇÏÏÈ Ì „ˆÌ›. ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ ™ÙÔ ∞ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ, ÙÔÓ √ÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘, fiÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fiÛÙ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÏ˘Î¿, ÙÔÈΤ˜ ›Ù˜ Î·È ÎÔÓÙÔÛÔ‡‚ÏÈ.
¶Â˙ÔÔÚÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙ· ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ µ·Ú‰Ô˘Û›ˆÓ
◊ÚÂÌË ÛÎËÓ‹ ‚Ô˘ÎÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÙÔ›Ô˘
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MUNICIPALITY OF EFPALIO It is mainly a mountain municipality with very few flat spaces, particularly to the southwestern part, around Mornos’s delta. On the eastern side raises Mt Trikorfa, whose highest peak reaches 1,550 m and ends thorugh abrupt slopes down to the Corinthian Gulf. The presence of river Mornos is very important, since it separates the Municipality from the Municipality of Vardousia to the north and from the Municipality of Nafpaktos on the west. The whole coastal area of the Municipality of Efpalio from the mouth of river Mornos up to Sergoula has been characterized as natural beauty area. Most important sites Efpalio The Byzantine monastery of Agios Ioannis Theologos, the town Efpalio with the stone built fountain, Platanovrisi, Paleokastro, where the ancient town of Oines, the traditional houses as well as the elegant building of the Folklore museum. Monastiraki Monastiraki is a picturesque and beautiful beach village; Kokkinovrachos and Parathalasso are two very beautiful sites there, the sea settlement Skaloma and the beautiful beaches. Klima the monument of the victims of a civil war battle, Koukoura, an old medieval settlement, the ruins of paleochristian basilica of the 4th century AC and the Byzantine church of the Assumption of Jesus. Drosato The panoramic view towards Efpalio valley and the sea. Trikorfo Kefalogiofiro in Mornos, that connects Dorina and Nafpaktia, the Monastery of Agios Avgoustinos and Serafim of Safof (1991) and the Monastery of Agios Nektarios. Filothei The magnificent view from the village to the sea, the traditional houses, the precinct church of Agios Georgios, Paleokastro, which consists of the ruins of ancient fortification, the river Madilo that forms a gorge of amazing beauty with rich flora and fauna and the Monastery of John the Forerunner in Therma. Kabos The church of Agios Nikolaos (1847, 1926) and ancient Potidania. Tichio The building Papapostolou that has been declared preservable, the precinct church of the Holy Mother Dormition (1898, 1927) and the Byzantine monastery of Varnakova. Potidania The precinct church of the Holy Mother Dormition (1851) and the breathtaking view to the mountains of Fokida prefecture, Gkiona and Vardousia. Pirgos The old stone built houses of the village. Sergoula The manor of K. Lidoriki, an old politician, the beach settlement “Sergoula beach”, the mill of Papapolitis with the “canal” that is based on fine art arches and the extended beach. Marathias the sea settlement Marathias, Meteori Vrachi on the creek at the north of Marathias and the chapel Agia Eleousa. Alternative tourism Hiking – Climbing Organized network of marked hiking routes around mount Trikorfo: Sergoula - Sergoula beach (EY1), Pirgos - Marathias (EY6), Pirgos - Paleomilos (EY5), Pirgos Sergoula (EY7), Potidania - Trikorfa top (EY3), Paleomilos - Trikorfa top (EY4), Sergoula - Trikorfa top (EY2). Apart from these routes, there are also more routes, though not marked: from the village Trikorfo towards Kefalogiofiro, Efpalio - Castle of ancient Efpalio or Oineon, at the gorge of the torrent of Madilo and from Marathias towards Meteori Vrachi. Mountain bike Routes around the villages Potidania, Paleoxari and Tichio at the forest roads of mount Trikorfo, from Filothei towards the monastery of Varnakova passing through the site 12 Holly Trees (Pournaria) and close to the top Agios Arsenios and from Filothei towards the village Drosato and the abandoned settlements Ano and Kato Karia.
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4x4 routes Crossing of mount Trikorfo from Potidania towards the villages Sergoula, Pirgos and Kabos, from Paleoxari towards the river Mornos, from Pirgos towards Sergoula and from Filothei heading to the village Trikorfo. VARDOUSIA MUNICIPALITY It is a mountainous municipality and dominates the eastern side. Vardousia is a large and complex mountain mass and its highest top is Korax (2495 m). The artificial lake of Mornos and Mornos itself constitute the southern borders of Vardousia Municipality.
Alternative tourism Hiking The E4 European Path and the routes from and to the villages Alpochori, Zoriano, Krokilio and Pentagious, using mainly the older paths and from Tristeno towards the iron bridge of Kokkinos. Climbing Crossing of the mountain top line Milia - Pirgos - Climbing Shelter Sarantena and crossing of Xirovouni. Mountain bike Routes from Artotina towards the villages Dichori and Tristeno, from the village Kerasia towards the village Kriatsi and from Alpochori villages towards Elatou of the Municipality of Apodotia. 4x4 routes Routes from Artotina towards the village Athanasios Diakos, from Artotina towards the villages Dichoi, Psilo Chorio and Tristeno, from the village Kerasia towards the village Kriatsi and from that point on to the village Kalloni of the Municipality of Apodotia, from the Monastery of Agios Ioannis towards the village Kidonia of the Municipality of Apodotia, from the villages Zorianos and Alpochori either towards Elatou of the Municipality of Apodotia, either towards the village Pentagioi, from Pentagioi towards the village Kokkino, from Krokilio towards the village Perivoli.
Dorida
Most important sites Krokileio The stone built Primary School (1904), the beautiful fountain, the imposing basilica of Agios Georgios, the folklore collection (Popular Art museum), the shelter with the amazing view, the traditional houses of Krokilio and the village Avoriti, where General Ioannis Makrigiannis was born. Zorianos The traditional houses of the village, the stone built fountains, the elegant building of the Community (Koinotarchio), the classic building of the Primary School and the Cultural Center at the old building of the Agricultural bank. Koupaki The precinct church of Agios Georgios, the folklore museum roofed at the stone building of the old Primary School. Pentagioi The stone built manor of Papoulia. Tristeno The six water mills, the fountains Megali Vrisi and Motsos’ Vrisi, the School building (1906) and the iron bridge over Kokkinopotamos. Ipsilo Chorio the precinct church of Agios Georgios (1852). Dichori The oak forest and Agia Paraskevi (1728) of Kato Chorio. Kerasia the stone built houses of the village, the imposing stone built church of Agios Georgios and the age-long school. Kriatsio The building complex of five stone built houses on Z shape. Artotina The high, square-shaped houses of particular architectural interest, mainly the houses of Captains Diakos and Skaltsas as well as the Manor of Safakas, the Monastery of John the Forerunner, which was declared preservable in 1965.
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°ÂÓÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∆Ô fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi. ∞fi Â‰Ò ¿Ú¯ÈÛÂ Ô ¤ÓÔÏÔ˜ ·ÁÒÓ·˜ ηٿ ÙˆÓ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÒÓ Î·Ù·ÎÙËÙÒÓ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÕÚË µÂÏÔ˘¯ÈÒÙË, ÛÙȘ 7 - 6 - 1942. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿ Ù˘ ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜, ÛÙÔ ‚ÔÚÂÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ∆ÔÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ LEADER+ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √∆∞. µÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Î·È ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈο ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ Î·È Î·Ù·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ÓÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘.
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¶§∏£À™ª√™ 2001 ∞¶√™∆∞™∏ ∞¶√ ¡∞À¶∞∫∆√
519 257 696 129 126 305 141
108 118 100 111 120 109 123 221
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:05
™ÂÏ›‰·86
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ªÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· º˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ∆Ô ÁˆÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÔÚÂÈÓfi Ì ˘„fiÌÂÙÚ· Ô˘ Î˘Ì·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· 600 ¤ˆ˜ Ù· 2.100 Ì. µfiÚÂÈ· ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· (2.101 Ì.) Î·È ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ·fi Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘ √ÍÈ¿˜ (™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· 1.922 Ì., ∫·Ú¿‚È 1.712 Ì., ∫ÔÎοÏÈ· 1.715 Ì.), Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ¡∞ Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ ¢ÂÓÙÚÔ‡ÏÈ (1.655 Ì.) Î·È ∫·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿˜ Î·È ÂӉȿÌÂÛ· Ë ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· Ê˘ÛÈο fiÚÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ ›Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ¢˘ÙÈο ÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi ¶Ï·Ù·Ó¿ÎÈ (1.777 Ì.) Î·È ÔÈ ·ÔÏ‹ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ó·ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ fiÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶ÚÔ˘ÛÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ £¤ÚÌÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û’ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ ΢ÏÔ‡Ó ÔÏÏ¿ ڤ̷ٷ Ô˘ Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ηٷϋÁÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi Ù· µÔ˘Ó¿ Ù˘ √ÍÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙÔ ‰È·ÙÚ¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο. √È ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈʤÚÂȘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÌÂÚÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ (¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·, ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ, ƒÔÛο, ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ Î·È æÈ·Ó¿) ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙËÓ ˘„ËÏ‹ ˙ÒÓË Ù˘ ÏÂοÓ˘ ·ÔÚÚÔ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ·˘Ù¿ Ù˘ ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘ Î·È Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÎÒÌ˘ ·ÔÚÚ¤Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ∂‡ËÓÔ ÔÙ·Ìfi.
222
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∏ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›Ô˘ ηı’ fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ë ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊ›· Ù˘ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó›‰·˜ ÚÔÛ‰›‰Ô˘Ó ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ Î·È ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∏ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· Û ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛË Î·È ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ٷ ¿ÊıÔÓ· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙÔ ÙÔ›Ô ·ÔÎÙ¿ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿. ¡∞, ¤Ó· ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘, ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ NATURA 2000 ÙÔ˘ ¶·Ó·ÈÙˆÏÈÎÔ‡ fiÚÔ˘˜ Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 185.420 ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ˆ˜ ∆fiÔ˜ ∫ÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋˜ ™ËÌ·Û›·˜ Ì Έ‰ÈÎfi ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ GR2310004.
™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:05
™ÂÏ›‰·87
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ πÛÙÔÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ›Ûˆ˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËı› ·ÚÎÒ˜ ·fi ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜, ·Ó Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ Â›Ó·È ÂΛӷ Ù· ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·. °ÂÓÈο, ·Ú¯Èο ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙȘ Ù‡¯Â˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù¿ÓˆÓ, ÂÓfi˜ ·fi Ù· ÔÏ˘·ÚÈıÌfiÙÂÚ· ·ÈÙˆÏÈο ʇϷ ηٿ ÙÔ £Ô˘Î˘‰›‰Ë Î·È ÙˆÓ ¢ÔÏfiˆÓ, Ô˘ ηÙÔÈÎÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ÔÈ ∂˘Ú˘Ù¿Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ, Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ›¯Â Ê˘ÏÂÙÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË, ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÍÂÏȯı› ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· Û ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›·, fiÔ˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó ϤÔÓ fiÏÂȘÎÚ¿ÙË. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ Â˘Ú˘Ù¿ÓˆÓ ‰Â ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ Ù‡¯Ë ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÊ‡ÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ÔÈ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ Ô˘ ˘Ô·ÙÔ˘Ó, ÙÔ 146 .Ã., ÛÙÔ˘˜ ƒˆÌ·›Ô˘˜. ∆Ô 279 .¯. ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∫ÔοÏÈ·, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ, ÔÈ ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ› ηٷӛÎËÛ·Ó Î·È Î·Ù¤ÛÙÚ„·Ó ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆÙÈο ÙȘ ¿ÁÚȘ ÔÚ‰¤˜ ÙˆÓ °·Ï·ÙÒÓ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÂÈÛ¤‚·Ï·Ó ÛÙ· ∂˘Ú˘Ù·ÓÈο ‰¿ÊË. √È °·Ï¿Ù˜ Ì ·Ú¯ËÁfi ÙÔ µÚ¤ÓÓÔ, ·ÊÔ‡ ÚÔͤÓËÛ·Ó ÊÔ‚ÂÚ¤˜ ηٷÛÙÚÔʤ˜ ÛÙË ª·Î‰ÔÓ›· η٤‚ËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Ì ·ÚÈÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙË ÏÂËÏ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ª·ÓÙ›Ԣ ÙˆÓ ¢ÂÏÊÒÓ. ∞ÈÙˆÏÔ› Î·È µÔȈÙÔ›
ηٿ ·ÚÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ºˆÎ›˜, §ÔÎÚÔ›, ªÂÁ·Ú›˜ Î·È ∞ıËÓ·›ÔÈ Û˘Ì·Ú·Ù¿¯ÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ £ÂÚÌԇϘ ·ÔÎÚÔ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂȉÚÔÌ›˜ Î·È ÚÔηÏÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÒÏÂȘ. √ µÚ¤ÓÓÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·Û¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ŒÏÏËÓ˜ ¤ÛÙÂÈÏ ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ̤۷ ·fi ·Ê‡Ï·ÎÙ˜ ‰È·‚¿ÛÂȘ Ù˘ √›Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ∞Èوϛ·, fiÔ˘ η٤Ϸ‚·Ó Î·È ÏÂËÏ¿ÙËÛ·Ó ÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ fiÏË ∫¿ÏÏÈÔ, ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· fï˜ ËÙÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙ· ∫ÔοÏÈ·. ™ÙÚÔÁÁ˘Ïfi, Á˘ÌÓfi Î·È fiÌÔÚÊÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi Ù· ∫ÔοÏÈ·, Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·fi ηχÙÂÚ· ‚ÔÛÎÔÙfiÈ· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ¿ ÙÔ˘, ·fi Ù· ÎfiηϷ Ô˘ ¿ÊËÛ·Ó Â‰Ò ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û˘ÓÙÚÈ‚‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÈ °·Ï¿Ù˜. ™ÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÍÂÛËΈÌfi ÙÔ˘ Á¤ÓÔ˘˜, ÙÔ 1821, Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ¤·ÈÍ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ·˘ÙfiÓ, Ù˘ ·Ó›Û¯˘Ú˘ ·ÚÌ·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ °ÈÔω·Û·›ˆÓ. ∂›Û˘ ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ Î·Ù¿
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223
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:05
™ÂÏ›‰·88
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ '21 ¤‰ˆÛ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜, ·fi οı ¿ÏÏÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ¤˜. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÚfiÛÊÂÚ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÙ¤ÂÈÙ· ·ÁÒÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ŒıÓÔ˘˜ Ì·˜ (µ·ÏηÓÈÎÔ› fiÏÂÌÔÈ, ªÈÎÚ·ÛÈ·ÙÈ΋ ÂÎÛÙÚ·Ù›·). ŸÌˆ˜ ÛÙ·ıÌfi ÛÙË ÓÂfiÙÂÚË ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ô πÔ‡ÓÈÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 1942, ÔfiÙ ÎËÚ‡¯ıËΠÛÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ›ÛËÌ· Ô ¤ÓÔÏÔ˜ ∞ÁÒÓ·˜ Ù˘ ∂ıÓÈ΋˜ ∞ÓÙ›ÛÙ·Û˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÕÚË µÂÏÔ˘¯ÈÒÙË, ÒÛÙ ‰Èη›ˆ˜ Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ˆ˜ Ë «¡¤· ∞Á›· §·‡Ú·». √‰ÔÈÔÚÈÎfi ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ √ ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Ì ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙË ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ - ™›ÌÔ˘ - ¶Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ ∞Ú¿¯ˆ‚· - ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·. √ ›‰ÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ÚÔ˜ ∫·ÚÂÓ‹ÛÈ. º˘ÛÈο ÙÔ ∫·ÚÂÓ‹ÛÈ Î·È Ë §·Ì›· Â›Ó·È Ô Û˘ÓÙÔÌfiÙÂÚÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Ì ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·. ∞fi ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·, ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο, Ô˘ ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙÔÓ Ú·¿Óˆ ‚·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ, Êı¿ÓÔ˘Ó ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ™ÎÔÈ¿, ªÂÛÔÎÒÌË, ∫·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ Î·È ƒÔÛο. ¶ÂÚ›Ô˘ 1 ¯ÏÌ. ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ÍÂÎÈÓ¿ ·ÛÊ·ÏÙfi‰ÔÚÌÔ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ Î·È
ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË. ∆· æÈ·Ó¿ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ Ì ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Â›Û˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο. ∞ÍÈÔı¤·Ù· Î·È ™ËÌ›· ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ∏ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ¯ˆÚÈfi Ô˘ ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ µ˘˙·ÓÙ›Ô˘, ·ÊÔ‡ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈÎfi ηٿÛÙÈ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ 1454/1455. NfiÙÈ· ÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜ ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›·. ™’ ·˘Ù‹Ó ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó Î·È ÔÈ ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌ· ·ÔÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› M·Ú›ÓÔ˜, ™ÎÔÈ¿. ÕÏÏÔ˜ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ë MÂÚ˙È·Ó‹. °‡Úˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ·Ú·‰fiÛÂȘ Ô˘ Êı¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ, ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È ÛÙÔÓ E‡Ú˘ÙÔ, ÙÔ Ì˘ıÈÎfi ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ Ù˘ E˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜. ¶Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û οÔÈ· ·Ú¯fiÓÙÈÛÛ· ¢fiÌÓ· Ô˘ ηÙÔÈÎÔ‡Û ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. EÔ̤ӈ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ‹ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÙÛ·
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·89
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ ¯ÒÚ· Ù˘ ¢fiÌÓ·˜. ¶ÔÈ· fï˜ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ·Ó¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ H›ÚÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ºÚ·ÁÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ (ÛÙË N·˘·ÎÙ›· ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢Ô‡Î·˜ Î·È ºÚ¿Áη). ¢ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÙ·È fï˜ Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ηÌÈ¿ ·Á›· Î·È Ó· ˘‹Ú¯Â Ó·fi˜ ‹ ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ, ·ÊÔ‡ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÎË, ¢ÔÌÓ›ÓË Î·È ¢fiÌÓ· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÂÔÚÙÔÏfiÁÈÔ Û ÔÏϤ˜ ËÌÂÚÔÌËӛ˜. µfiÚÂÈ· Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜, ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ¶·ÏÈÔÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚ›ȷ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ fiÏ˘ º·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ ‹ º·ÓÙfi˜ (·Ú¯. Ê·ÓÙfi˜ = ÔÚ·Ùfi˜). Œ¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ·ÔÌÂÈÓ¿ÚÈ· ·ÏÈÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È Ù›¯Ô˘˜. ªÂÚÈÎÔ› ÙÔÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó Â‰Ò ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÚˆÙÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÙÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ ∂‡Ú˘ÙÔ˘, ÙËÓ √ȯ·Ï›·, Î·È ıˆÚÔ‡Ó ÙË º·ÓÙ›Ó· Û‡˙˘ÁÔ ÙÔ˘ ∂‡Ú˘ÙÔ˘. H ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ, ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi. E‰Ò ÛÙȘ 7 IÔ˘Ó›Ô˘ 1942 Ô ÕÚ˘ BÂÏÔ˘¯ÈÒÙ˘ ΋ڢÍ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ EıÓÈ΋˜ AÓÙ›ÛÙ·Û˘ ηٿ Ù˘ ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋˜ ηÙÔ¯‹˜. K¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË K˘Úȷ΋ ÙÔ˘ IÔ˘Ó›Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ªÓËÌÂ›Ô ∂ıÓÈ΋˜ ∞ÓÙ›ÛÙ·Û˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ̷Á¢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›·, Û ¯ÒÚÔ 2,5 ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÂÚ›Ô˘, Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ï·ÌÚ¤˜ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Û ·Ó¿ÌÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙÔ˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡. ™ÙÔ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Û ÂÚ›ÔÙË ı¤ÛË, ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÓÂÁÂÚı› Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘, Ô˘ ›ӷÈ
∆Ô Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
•ˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ· ÛÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·
∏ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·90
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ÙÚ›ÎÏÈÙË ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ. H ·Ó¤ÁÂÚÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËΠÙÔ 1886. ŸÌˆ˜ ÙÔ 1829 Ë ÂÎÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘Ó¤Ï¢ÛË ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÕÁÈÔ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ, Ú¿ÁÌ· ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ηÙ‰·Ê›ÛÙËΠÏfiÁˆ ·Ï·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ¯ˆÚËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Ô Ó¤Ô˜ Ó·fi˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ı¤ÛË, ·ÏÏ¿ ÂΛ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ·. EӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Í‡ÏÈÓÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ªÂÙÛÔ‚›ÙË Í˘ÏÔÁχÙË °ÈÒÚÁË ª¤Ú·ÓÔ ‹ ªËÏÈÒÙË. ¢È·ÛÒ˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Î¿ÔȘ ·ÏȤ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜. ™ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Õ˚ NÈÎfiÏ·˜ Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1844, Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1935 Î·È ÙÔ 1961. ™Â Ì·Á¢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Ì ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ ÏfiÊÔ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô Õ˚ §È·˜ (·ÓÂÁ. 1933), fiÔ˘ ˆÚ·ÈfiÙ·ÙË ¤ÙÚÈÓË ‚Ú‡ÛË. ™ÙÔ º·ÓÙ›ÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ ÏfiÊÔ˘, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “¶·ÏÈÔÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ” ¯Ù›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1970 ÙÔ ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ “¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿ Ë ¶ÚÔ˘ÛÈÒÙÈÛÛ·”. ™ÙÔ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi A̤ÏÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë AÁ›· K˘Úȷ΋ Ô˘ Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1931. O Õ˚ °ÈÒÚÁ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ı¤ÛË “P›˙˜” ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· A̤ÏÈ· Î·È ÙËÓ MÂÚ˙·Ó‹. Y‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1814, Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1902
226
÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Û›ÙÈ· Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
Î·È ÙÔ 1961. O Õ˚ KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜, ·ÎÚ›Ù·˜ „ËÏ¿ ÛÙÔ ‚Ô˘Ófi (æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜) ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1951 Î·È Í·Ó·ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1982. O ·ÎÏÔ˜ ÙˆÓ Ó·ÒÓ ÎÏ›ÓÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ÂÙÚfiÎÙÈÛÙÔ ÂÎÎÏËÛ¿ÎÈ ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·Ê›Ԣ ηٷÛ΢‹˜ 1977. MÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Â›Û˘ ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi Î·È Ï·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ÌÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Ì ϋıÔ˜ ·fi ·Ï·È¿ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Î·È ·Ú¯ÂÈ·Îfi ʈÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi. ∂ÎÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È Â›‰Ë ¯ÂÈÚÔÙ¯ӛ·˜, ʈÙÔÁڷʛ˜, ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Î·È ¯ÂÈÚfiÁÚ·Ê·, ÂÓÒ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË Â˘Ú˘Ù·ÓÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ∂ıÓÈ΋ ∞ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË, Â˘Ú˘Ù¿ÓˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ Î·È ¿ÏψÓ. §›ÁÔ ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· Õ˚ §È¿˜ Ì ‰È·ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ·Ó·„˘¯‹˜ Ô˘ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ “Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Ì·ÏÎfiÓÈ” Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤·. ™Ù· ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· ÙÔ›· ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ÚÔÛÙÂıÔ‡Ó Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ∫Ú‡· µÚ‡ÛË Î·È Ë ÌÈÎÚ‹ Ï›ÌÓË ∑ËÚ¤ÏÈ·. ∂›Û˘ Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘ÓÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÏÈfi ˘‰ÚfiÌ˘ÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. O Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ M·Ú›ÓÔ˜ (‹ ÙÔ M·Ú›ÓÔ) ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, µ¢ Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜, Û ˘„fiÌ. 900 Ì. E‰Ò ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û ÏÔÊ›ÛÎÔ Ô Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜, Ô˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÙÔ 1671 Î·È 1826, Î·È ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ·ӷÎÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ 1905 - 1912. K·Ù¿ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ÙÔ M·Ú›ÓÔ, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È, ›¯Â 10 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. NfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ M·Ú›ÓÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ô ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ MÂÚÙ˙È·Ó‹ Î·È ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· Ë ™ÎÔÈ¿ Û ˘„fiÌ. 1.120 Ì. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó TÛÂÎÏ›ÛÙ· Î·È Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 20 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. TÔ Ó¤Ô ÙÔ˘ fiÓÔÌ· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÓ·ÓÙÂÚ‹ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ (ÛÎÔÈ¿, ηڷԇÏÈ). EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·91
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜. ™ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ™·‚‚·ÙÔ·ÚÈ·ÎÔ ÙÔ˘ √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ˘ ∆Ô ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÔ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ Úfiԉ˜ ÂÏ·ÙfiÊ˘Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ Ù˘ ∆Ûԇ̷˜ (1.583 Ì., 1.535Ì.) ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ (ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ·fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘), Ô˘ ËÁ¿˙ÂÈ ·fi ÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ √ÍÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙÔ ™˘ÁÎÚÂÏÏfiÚÂÌ· Ì ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ “™ÙÂÓ‹” ·fi ÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÏ·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ∞ÓÈ¿‰·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÁÎÚ¤ÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿˜, Ô˘ Î˘Ï¿ÂÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎÔ‡˜ Úfiԉ˜ Ù˘ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·ÏÈfi ÎÂÊ·ÏÔ¯ÒÚÈ. K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÙÔ KÚ›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ‹ÏıÂ, Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹, ·fi 7 ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ (KÂÚ·Ì›‰È·, ¶·ÏÈfiÛÈÙ·, ºÔ˘Í˘ÏÈ¿ ÎÙÏ), Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ Î·È ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ÓÂÚÔ‡ ¤ÎÙÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ™ˆÏËÓ¿ÚÈ·, fiÔ˘ ˘‹Ú¯Â ËÁ‹ Ô˘ ÙË ‚Ú‹ÎÂ Ù˘¯·›· ¤Ó·˜ ÙÚ¿ÁÔ˜ (Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ·˘Ù‹ ··ÓÙÈ¤Ù·È Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ Ù˘ PÔ‡ÌÂÏ˘). ¶¿ÓÙˆ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú·ÙËÚËı›
Î·È ·Ú¯·›· ÂÚ›ȷ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi. TÔ KÚ›ÎÂÏÏÔ Â›Ó·È ÓÈÁ̤ÓÔ ÛÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ. ŸÏË Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ë Â‰·ÊÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ηχÙÂÙ·È ·fi ˘ÎÓ¿ ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛË. H ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ·fi ÙË P¿¯Ë T˘ÌÊÚËÛÙÔ‡ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ KÚ›ÎÂÏÏÔ Â›Ó·È ÂÎı·Ì‚ˆÙÈ΋. O ·Ì·ÍÈÙfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ̤۷ ·fi ˘„›ÎÔÚÌ· ¤Ï·Ù·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Ú·ÙÂÙ·Á̤ӷ Û ¿„ÔÁÔ˘˜ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓÙ‡ˆÛË ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ ›Ó·Î· ·Â›ÚÔ˘ οÏÏÔ˘˜. °Ú·ÊÈ΋ Î·È ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· Ë Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ٷ ‚·ı‡ÛÎÈ· Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· ÂÚÈÛÙÔȯ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Ì·Á·˙¿ÎÈ·. ∂Λ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ (·Ú¯¤˜ 20Ô˘ ·È.). Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Î·È ÌÈ· ·fi ÙȘ ˆÚ·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ Ù˘ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜. ŸÌÔÚÊ· ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷο Û›ÙÈ· Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ·ÎÌ·›Ô ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡, ·Ú¿ ÙË Û˘ÚÚ›ÎÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡. AÍÈÔı¤·Ù˜ Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô Â›Ó·È Ù· "ÛˆÏËÓ¿ÚÈ·", ÔÈ ÂÙ¿ ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ ‚Ú‡Û˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡. E‰Ò Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÙÔÓ›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÔÈ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÈÒÙ˜ Ì·ÛÙfiÚÔÈ (¯Ù›ÛÙ˜) Ù˘ ¤ÙÚ·˜
√È ‚Ú‡ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ˘
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11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·92
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Í·ÎÔ˘ÛÙÔ›. £ÂˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÂÚ›ÊËÌÔÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ù¤¯ÓË ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÙÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÏÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·›ÁÏË, Ì fiÌÔÚÊ· ·ÏÈ¿ ¤ÙÚÈÓ· Û›ÙÈ·, Ì ¤ÙÚÈÓ˜ Î·È ÎÂÚ·Ìȉ¤ÓȘ ÛÙ¤Á˜. ∞ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ™¯ÔÏ›Ô, ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔ 1906 ·fi ÙÔ ÎÏËÚÔ‰fiÙËÌ· ™˘ÁÁÚÔ‡, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈṲ̂ÓÔ ˆ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÌÓËÌ›Ô.
AÍ›˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÈÛΤÙ˘ Ó· ÂÈÛÎÂÊı› ÙËÓ K·ÏÏÈı¤·, fiÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ÓfiÙÈ· ·Ú˘Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ KÚ›ÎÂÏÏÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· Ì ·Ó·Âٷ̤ÓÔ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ· Î·È ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË. µfiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “∫ÔÎοÏÈ·” ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ªÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋˜ ӛ΢ ÙˆÓ ∞ÈÙˆÏÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙˆÓ °·Ï·ÙÒÓ, ÙÔ 279 .Ã., fiÔ˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ ÙÈÌ‹˜. ™ÙÔ KÚ›ÎÂÏÏÔ ˘‹Ú¯Â Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Î·Ù·Û΢‹˜ Ù˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÚÈÎÂÏÏÈÒÙÈ΢ ÂÓ‰˘Ì·Û›·˜ (·Ó‰ÚÈ΋˜ Î·È Á˘Ó·ÈΛ·˜), fiˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ηÏԸʷṲ̂ÓÔ˘ ÎÚÈÎÂÏÏÈÒÙÈÎÔ˘ ÙÚÔ‚¿, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ ÂÍ¿ÚÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÈÒÙË Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹ÚÈ˙ ÙËÓ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· æÈ·ÓÒÓ E›Û˘ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙ· ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ KÚÈΤÏÏÔ˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· æÈ·ÓÒÓ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ æÈ·Ó¿, ÕÁÈÔ˜ X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜, B‡ıÈÛÌ·, K·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ Î·È ¶·Ï·ÈÔ¯ÒÚÈ. T· æÈ·Ó¿ Â›Ó·È ÊˆÏÈ·Ṳ̂ӷ ÛÙ· ÓfiÙÈ· ÚÈ˙¿ Ù˘ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜. E‰Ò ÚˆÙ·ÁˆÓÈ228
ÛÙ‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÙÔ Î·È ÙÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÁÚÈ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ‚Ú¿¯ˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÚÂÌ·ÙÈÒÓ. ∞Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ï›ÁÔ ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi, ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∑·ÁÔÚ¿, ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈΛϷ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ÔÈÎȷ΋˜ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡, fiˆ˜ Èı¿ÚÈ·, ‹ÏÈÓ· Ï˘¯Ó¿ÚÈ· Î·È Ï‹ıÔ˜ ıÚ·˘ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÎÂÚ·ÌÈο Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ∫Ù›ÛÌ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ù›¯Ô˜ ·fi ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ¤ÙÚ˜ Ô˘ ÚÔ‰›‰Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ οÛÙÚÔ˘, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚ¢ÓËı›. ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ °¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘ (¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿) Ì ÙȘ ·ÁÈÔÁڷʛ˜ Ù˘ Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›ÛıËΠ‰È·ÙËÚËÙ¤Ô ÌÓËÌ›Ô. AÍÈÔ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÙ· Â›Ó·È Î·È Ù· ͈ÎÏ‹ÛÈ· Û ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹. B¤‚·È· Ë ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÏÈÒÙË ÎÚ‡‚Ô˘Ó ·ÈÛıËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏ‹ÍÂȘ. ¢ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔÈ ÙˆÓ æÈ·ÓÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ÙÔ˘. TÔ B‡ıÈÛÌ· (™¤ÏÔ˜ = ¯ˆÚÈfi) ÛÙ· µ∞ Î·È ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘. ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, ÛÙ· ÓfiÙÈ· ÙˆÓ æÈ·ÓÒÓ, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë K·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 980 Ì. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ™¤ÏÈÙÛ· (= ÌÈÎÚfi ¯ˆÚÈfi, ¯ˆÚÈÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ). T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 30 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. AÓ·ÙÔÏÈο Ù˘ K·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ˜ Ô Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ÕÁÈÔ˜ X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌÔ Ó·fi Ô˘ ‰ÂÛfi˙ÂÈ ÂΛ. ™Ù· ‰˘ÙÈο Ë PÔÛο, ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ B·ı‡ÚÂÌ·. ™ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ™·‚‚·ÙÔ·ÚÈ·ÎÔ ÙÔ˘ √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ οÛÙ·ÓÔ˘. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ƒÔÛο˜ ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ Î·È ¡¢ ÙˆÓ æÈ·ÓÒÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë PÔÛο Û ϷÁÈ¿ Ù˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ AÚÎÔ˘‰fiÙÚ˘·.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·93
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ™ÙÔÓ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi Ó·fi Ù˘ AÁ›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ ÛÙȘ 19 M·˝Ô˘ 1829 ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë EÁ¯ÒÚÈÔ˜ ™˘Ó¿ıÚÔÈÛȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎÏÔÁ‹ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛÒˆÓ ÌÂ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ηÙÔ›ÎˆÓ 6 ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÒÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ. ÕÍÈÔ˜ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜. TÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÈÔ ··ÈÙËÙÈÎfi. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Ù˘ ƒÔÛο˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈ· ı¤· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· Î·È ÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ. √ ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ ‚¤‚·È· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·ÍÈÔı¤·ÙÔ Ì ÙȘ ·ÌÌÔ˘‰ÂÚ¤˜ Î·È ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘Ê˜ fi¯ı˜ ÙÔ˘. ∆Ô ˆÚ·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ”. ŒÓ·˜ ÂÚ›·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, fiÔ˘ ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ “¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ”, Â›Ó·È ·ÔÏ·˘ÛÙÈÎfi˜. H ʇÛË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Û’ fiÏÔ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·ÏÂ›Ô Ù˘. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ƒÔÛο Î·È ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ¢ÔÏÈ·Ó¿ ÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ ÛÙÂÓ‡ÂÈ ¿Ú· Ôχ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ÌfiÏȘ 2 Ì. Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘. æËÏÔ› ‚Ú¿¯ÔÈ ˘„ÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ‰‡Ô Ï¢ڤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Î·È Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ·Îfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ô˘ Û ÌÂÚÈο ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· Â›Ó·È ÛηṲ̂ÓÔ. ∞fi ÙË ÌÂÚÈ¿ ÙˆÓ ¢ÔÏÈ·ÓÒÓ, ¿Óˆ ·fi Ù· ‚Ú¿¯È·, ηÙ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÓÂÚfi ·fi ¤Ó· ϤÁÌ· Ú˘·ÎÈÒÓ, Ô˘ fiˆ˜ ‰È·ÛÎÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛË ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÛΤ·ÛÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡, ¤ÊÙÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Î·È ‰ËÌÈ-
Ô˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· Ê·ÓÙ·ÛÙÈÎfi ı¤·Ì· Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜. ∂›Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ Ù˘ ƒÔÛο˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ∫¿Ùˆ ‚Ú‡ÛË Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 1.900 Ì. Ì 29 ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˜ ¤ˆ˜ 12 Ì. ‡„Ô˜. AÓ·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ·ÏÈfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÙÔ˘ “KˆÏÔÁϤ'”, (“K·ÏÔÁϤ’"). E›Ó·È Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ ÛÙ· ‚Ú¿¯È· Ì ÊÔ‚ÂÚ‹ ı¤· ÛÙÔÓ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ. §fiÁˆ Ù˘ ηÁÎÂψً˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯¿Ú·Í˘, Ô ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ‚ϤÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ, ÁÈ' ·˘Ùfi ‹Ú ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·Û›·. TÔ‡ÙÔ fï˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È ·‰È¿‚·ÙÔ.
∏ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·
∏ Â˙ÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú· Ù˘ ƒÔÛο˜
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∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·94
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ™ÙÔ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· Ù˘ PÔÛο˜ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È Ë ™ÙÔ˘ÚÓ¿Ú· Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 820 Ì. Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ‚fiÚÂÈ· ·' ·˘Ù‹ Î·È ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘, ÛÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ·Ú˘Ê¤˜ Ù˘ K·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜. K·Ù¿ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 20 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó ¢ÔÏÈ·Ó¿ (Ù·). EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ Î·È ÍˆÎÏ‹ÛÈ Ë AÁ›· B·Ú‚¿Ú· Ô˘ ÙË Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ÂÈ Ô ÂÚÈ·ÙËÙ‹˜ ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÓ·¤ÚÈ· ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈ΋ Â˙ÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú·, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈη٤ÛÙËÛ ÙÔ K·ÎÔÁ¤Ê˘ÚÔ (Û¯ÔÈÓ¤ÓÈÔ ÎÚÂÌ·ÛÙfi ÁÂʇÚÈ), ÙÔ˘ “¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ” ËÁ·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙË ™ÙÔ˘ÚÓ¿Ú·. ÕÏÏÔ˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô KÔÓÙfi˜. M¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1928 ÏÂÁfiÙ·Ó KÔÓÙ›‚·, ÙÔ 1929 ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠ۠KÔÓÙfiÓ Î·È ÙÔ 1940 KÔÓÙfi˜. T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ›¯Â 6 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. BÚ›ÛÎÂÙ·È µ¢ Ù˘ PÔÛο˜ ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ Û ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ 780 Ì. O ÌÈÎÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÛÊËӈ̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÛÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ Ìfi¯ıÔ, ÊÙÈ¿¯ÓÔÓÙ·˜ Â˙ԇϘ Î·È ÂÚÈÊÚÔÓÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ÁÎÚÂÌfi Ô˘ ¯¿ÛÎÂÈ. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ªÂÛÔÎÒÌ˘ ∏ MÂÛÔÎÒÌË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÁÂÈÙÓÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì TÚȯˆÓ›‰· Î·È N·˘·ÎÙ›·. M¿ÏÈÛÙ· ηı’ fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·˜ ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔÓ Î·˙¿ ÙˆÓ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ. MÂÙ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚˆÙÈο Ì ÙË Ó¤· ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ˘¿¯ıËΠÛÙËÓ E˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ˘ÎÓfi ÂÏ·ÙÔ‰¿ÛÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚÓÒÓÙ·˜ ÔÚÂÈÓ¤˜ ‰È·‚¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙÔÓ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ‰˘ÛÚfiÛÈÙ˜ ·fi Ù· ¯ÈfiÓÈ·. ∆Ô ÙÔ›Ô Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ¿ÁÚÈ· ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿. ª¤Û· ÛÙ· ¤Ï·Ù· Î·È ÙȘ ηÛÙ·ÓȤ˜, ÛÙË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ 3 ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· Ó· Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ôχ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔÓ ÔÙ·Ìfi ∂‡ËÓÔ Î·È ÛÙȘ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚʤ˜ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó¿ÎÈ (1.777 Ì.), K·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿˜ (1.563 Ì.) Î·È §‡Ú· (1.636 Ì.) 230
‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂΛ ·fi ÙË ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ ÂÔ¯‹, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ì Û ηٿÛÙÈ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ 1454/55 Ì 7 ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi ›Û˘ Î·È ˆ˜ ∆¤ÚÓÔ˜. TÔ 1961, ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ›Ûˆ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ Ù˘ Ï·ÁÈ¿˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ, ÛÙÔÓ K·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿, ‚Ú¤ıËΠÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ ªÂÛÔÎÒÌ˘ Ì ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ˘˜ ÛÙ·Ï·¯Ù›Ù˜ Î·È ÛÙ·Ï·Á̛٘. ∞¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ‰ËÌfiÛÈÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ, Á‡Úˆ ÛÙ· 15 ÏÂÙ¿ Â˙ÔÔÚ›·˜. °Ú·ÊÈ΋ Ë Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ Ì ÙËÓ ‚·ı‡ÛÎÈ· ·ÁÚÈÔηÛÙ·ÓÈ¿ Î·È Ì ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ∫Ô›ÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, Ô˘ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1911. ∫¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙËÓ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï¿Ù·ÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ 960 Ì.Ã. A˘ÙfiÓÔÌ· ·ÔÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ P˘¿ÎÈ. ÕÏÏÔÈ ·ÁÚÔÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ› ›ӷÈ: AÁ›· TÚÈ¿‰·, KÔÚÈÛÈ¿, K·Ú›ÙÛ·, AÚ‚Ô˘Ó›ÙÛ·, K·ÌÈ¿, ¶·ÏÈfi‰ÂÓ‰Ú·, KÂÚÓ‹, KÔ˘Ì·ÚÈÛÙ¿ Î·È K·Ú˘¿. AÓ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ K·ÌÈ¿ Î·È AÚ‚Ô˘Ó›ÙÛ· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÂÈ‚ÏËÙÈÎfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ “PÔ˘Èfi”. ™ÙËÓ AÚ‚Ô˘Ó›ÙÛ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› ‰È¿Û·ÚÙ· ‹ÏÈÓ· ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù·, ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡. M ÈÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›· ÔÈ ı¤ÛÂȘ NÔ‡Úη ™Î¿Ï· Î·È K·ÏfiÁËÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ZËÚ¤ÏÈ, ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÂÏÔ ÌÂٷ͇ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Î·È MÂÛÔÎÒÌ˘. E‰Ò ÙÔ 1821 ¤ÁÈÓ ÓÈÎËÊfiÚ· Ì¿¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ °ÈÔω·Û·›ˆÓ Î·È Ô NÔ‡Úη˜ ™¤Ú‚È·Ó˘ ËÙÙ‹ıËΠηٿ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ™Ù¿‚ÏˆÓ B∞ Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ fi¯ıË ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘. KÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ ‚Ô˘ÓÔÎÔÚÊÒÓ Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ·fi ÙÔ ¯Â›Ì·ÚÚÔ ™Ù·‚ÏÈÒÙË. TÔ ˘„ËÏfi ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ, Ù· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÙÚÈÁ˘Ú›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·fiÙ·ÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ KÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ Ì·˙› Ì ٷ ˘ÎÓ¿ ‰¿ÛË Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ›Ô Î·È ÌÈ· ·ÓÔÚ·ÌÈ΋ ı¤·, Ô˘ Ù¤ÚÂÈ ÙȘ ·ÈÛı‹ÛÂȘ.
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜
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H ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ù˘ ¢fiÌÓ·˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ì ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·. E‰Ò ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ ÛÙ¿‚ÏÔÈ Ù˘ ·Ú¯fiÓÙÈÛÛ·˜. EÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ Î·È ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· (1817) Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜. ∆ÔÈÎfi ¢È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘ ™Ù· ¡∞ ÙˆÓ ™Ù¿‚ÏˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ë ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ÛÙȘ Ï·ÁȤ˜ Ù˘ ÔÚÔÛÂÈÚ¿˜ Ù˘ OÍÈ¿˜ ˘fi ÙË ÛÎÈ¿ Ù˘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹˜ Ù˘, Ù˘ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·˜. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÌÂÙÔÓÔÌ¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1928 Û ™Ù·˘ÚÔËÁ‹ Î·È ÙÔ 1940 Û ™Ù·˘ÚÔ‹ÁÈÔÓ. T· ÔÓfiÌ·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ Ê·ÓÂÚÒÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ˘‹Ú¯Â ÛÙ·˘ÚÔËÁÈ·Îfi ÌÔÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ˘·ÁfiÙ·Ó ·Â˘ı›·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎfi ·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ë. TÔ 1991 ·ӷʤÚıËΠÙÔ ·ÏÈfi fiÓÔÌ· ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË
(·Ó·‚χ˙ˆ - ·Ó·Ìχ˙ˆ - ·Ó·ÌÏ¿ˆ ·ÌÏ¿ˆ - ¿ÌÏ·˜ - ¿ÌÏÈ·ÓË = ı¤ÛË fiÔ˘ ·Ó·‚χ˙ÂÈ ÓÂÚfi). TÔÔıÂÛ›· Ì ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙË ‰È¿‚·ÛË ÌÂٷ͇ ¶·ÚÓ·ÛÛÔ‡ Î·È °ÎÈÒÓ·˜. TÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈÎfi ηٿÛÙÈ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ 1454 / 55 Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¯ˆÚÈfi. TÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1600, fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ÔıˆÌ·ÓÈο ηٿÛÙȯ·, ·Ó‹Î ÛÙÔÓ Î·˙¿ KÚ·‚¿ÚˆÓ. EÚ›ȷ ·Ï·ÈÔ‡ ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË A̤ÏÈ·, fiÔ˘ Î·È Ù· ÂÚ›ȷ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘. ∆Ô 2007 ‚Ú¤ıËΠٿÊÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 3Ô˘ ·È. Ì.Ã. ™Â ·ÁΈӿÚÈ ·ÏÈ¿˜ ÔÈΛ·˜ ˘‹Ú¯Â Ë ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ 981. M¤Û· ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰‡Ô Ó·Ô›, Ë AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ô ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ó·fi˜ Î·È Ô ÕÁÈÔ˜ NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÏÈ¿ ÂÓÔÚÈ·Îfi˜ Ù˘ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚ˘
°ÂÓÈ΋ ¿Ô„Ë Ù˘ ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘
231
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¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ÂÓÔÚ›·˜. H AÁ›· ¶·Ú·Û΢‹, ÌÔÓfiÎÔÁ¯Ô˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ, Ì 10 ΛÔÓ˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡. OÈ ÚÒÙÔÈ 4 ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô Ï¢ڤ˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓÈÎÔ› Î·È ÔÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ Î˘ÏÈÓ‰ÚÈÎÔ›. Afi ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË Ï¿Î·, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ›ÛÔ‰Ô, ÏËÚÔÊÔÚԇ̷ÛÙ fiÙÈ ÎÙ›ÛıËΠÙÔÓ ™Â٤̂ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1867, Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ, Â¿Ó Û˘Ó‰˘·Ûı› Ì ÙȘ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÌÏÔ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ, fiÙÈ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ·Ó·Î·›ÓÈÛË. TÔ Í˘ÏfiÁÏ˘ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÏÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛıËΠÙÔ 1801, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÙÔ 1806, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 1859 Î·È 1860. TÔÓ IÔ‡ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 1886 ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËΠÙÔ Î·Ì·Ó·ÚÈfi ÛÙË ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Î·È ÙÔ 1905 Ô Á˘Ó·ÈΈӛÙ˘. Afi ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ IÂÚÔ‡ B‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÏËÚÔ-
232
√ ÕÁÈÔ˜ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ ÛÙËÓ ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË
ÊÔÚԇ̷ÛÙ fiÙÈ Ô Ó·fi˜ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ™Â٤̂Ú˘ 1908 - 1909. O Ó·fi˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ NÈÎÔÏ¿Ô˘ ·Ó·Î·ÈÓ›ÛıËΠÙÔ 1894, Â›Ó·È ÌÔÓfiÎÔÁ¯Ô˜ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÚÔ‡ÏÔ Ì 10 ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ΛÔÓ˜ (4 ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓÈÎÔ› Î·È 6 ΢ÏÈÓ‰ÚÈÎÔ›). H ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙˆÓ AÁ›ˆÓ KˆÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ Î·È EϤÓ˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ˘ 1890 Î·È ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙË Â›Ó·È ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÚˆÛÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘. ∆Ô ¯ˆÚÈfi ‹Ù·Ó ÁÓˆÛÙfi ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ˘Ê·ÓÙÒÓ. M¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÚÔÔÏÂÌÈο, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ˙‹ÙËÛ˘, ÂÚÁ¿˙ÔÓÙ·Ó Î·È ÔÈ ¿Ó‰Ú˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ¤ÁÓÂı·Ó Ì·ÏÏ› ÛÙË Úfiη Î·È ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·Ó “ÚÔο‰Â˜”. E›¯·Ó ÚÔËÁËı› ÙˆÓ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÒÓ ¯ÔÚ¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔο‰ˆÓ. E›Û˘ ¿ÍÈ· ÂȉÈ΋˜ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÊÔÚÂÛÈ¿ Ù˘ AÌÏÈ·Ó›ÙÈÛÛ·˜, ¤Ó· ı·˘Ì¿ÛÈÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ˘Ê·ÓÙÈ΋˜. TË Á˘Ó·›Î· Ù˘ ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘ ‡ÌÓËÛÂ Î·È Ô KˆÛÙ‹˜ ¶·Ï·Ì¿˜. ∆ËÓ ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ‡ÌÓËÛ Û ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘ Ô ∞Ó‰Ú¤·˜ ∫·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜ ÙÔ 1895. ºËÌÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ·ÌÏÈ·Ó›ÙÈÎÔ˜ ¯ÔÚfi˜ ™Ù¤ÁÎÔ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÒÓ˘ÌË ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ·ÓËÁ‡ÚÈ Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙË ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ Ù˘ ∞Á›·˜ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹˜ ÛÙȘ 26 πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘.
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∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÔÏÏ¿ ·ÏÈ¿ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ· Ù˘ ÎÏÂÊÙÔ˘ÚÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·ÂÙ·Ó·›ˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰ÚfiÌˆÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÌÔÓ·‰ÈΤ˜ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ˘ÎÓ¿ ‰¿ÛË ·fi ·ÈˆÓfi‚È· ¤Ï·Ù·, Ô˘ÚÓ¿ÚÈ·, Û¿ÓÈ· ·ÚˆÌ·ÙÈο Ê˘Ù¿ Î·È ÛÎÈÂÚ¿ Ï·Ù¿ÓÈ· Ô˘ ÏÔ‡˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÓÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¤ÌÔÚÊÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ›Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÚfiÌ˘ÏˆÓ Î·È ·ÏˆÓÈÒÓ Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ì ¿Óˆ Û ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ‰·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ·, Ô˘ ·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÊıËÎ·Ó Â‰Ò Î·È ÔÏÏ¿ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ‰È·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌ· Û ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. ™ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÒıËΠ̠¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞.
¶Â˙ÔÔÚ›· ∞fi ÙȘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ͯˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂4 Ô˘ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ·fi ‚ÔÚÚ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÓfiÙÔ ÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∫·ÚÂÓËÛ›Ô˘. ∂ÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙËÓ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹: ·Ú¯Èο ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ∫·ÚÂÓ‹ÛÈ, Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ. ªÂÙ¿ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÁÈ· Ï›ÁÔ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ì ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ Ì ÓfiÙÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ·ÊÔ‡ ‰È·Û¯›ÛÂÈ ¤Ó·Ó ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ (ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘ - ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·˜ - °·Ú‰ÈΛԢ ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜) Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË. ∞fi ÂΛ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ Ì ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ¶Â˙ÔÔÚÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯·Ú·-
¶·È¯Ó›‰È· ÛÙÔ ÔÙ¿ÌÈ
ÕÔ„Ë Ù˘ ÕÌÏÈ·Ó˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ∂4
233
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·98
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ›, ·Ó Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË, ÂȉÈο οو ·fi ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, Ë ‰È¿Û¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· “¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ” Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¶ÚÔ˘ÛÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜. ∂‡ÎÔϘ Â˙ÔÔÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯ˆÌ·Ùfi‰ÚÔÌÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·, ·fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ª·Ú›ÓÔ Î·È ·fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ™ÎÔÈ¿. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙÔ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Û‹Ï·ÈÔ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÎÒÌ˘.
234
™ÎËÓ¤˜ ·fi ÙÔ Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ
√ÚÂÈ‚·Û›· √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Î·È ·Ó·‚¿ÛÂȘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÚÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê¤˜ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó¿ÎÈ Î·È ∫·ÚÊÔÂÙ·ÏÈ¿˜, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ӷ ÌÔÓÔ¿ÙÈ·. ™ËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙË̤ÓË ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· Ì ÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê‹ Ù˘ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ·˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘ÊÔÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ∞ÏÔÁÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ ∫·Ú¿‚È - ∫ÔÎοÏÈ· Î·È Î·Ù·Ï‹ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ ÌÓËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ Ì¿¯Ë˜ ηٿ ÙˆÓ °·Ï·ÙÒÓ. ∏ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Â›Ù ·fi ÙÔ ‰·ÛÈÎfi ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ô˘ ‰È¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Û ÎÔÓÙÈÓ‹ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË, ›Ù ·fi ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ Ù˘ √ÍÈ¿˜ Ì ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ë ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜. √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙ› Î·È Ë Î·Ù¿‚·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔ›ÙË ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÏÈÒÙË, ¤Ó· ÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Ê·Ú¿ÁÁÈ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· æÈ·Ó¿.
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·99
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ √ÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋ ¯ÈÔÓÔ‰ÚÔÌ›· ∞fi ÙÔ Î·Ù·Ê‡ÁÈÔ Ù˘ √ÍÈ¿˜, ¿Óˆ ÛÙËÓ ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· ∞ÏÔÁÔ‚Ô‡ÓÈ ∫·Ú¿‚È - ∫ÔοÏÈ·, ÌÔÚ› ηٿ ÙË ¯ÂÈÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› ‰È·‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈ΋˜ ¯ÈÔÓÔ‰ÚÔÌ›·˜. ¶Ô‰‹Ï·ÙÔ ‚Ô˘ÓÔ‡ ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÔÚÂÈÓ‹˜ Ô‰ËÏ·Û›·˜ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™˘ÁÎÚ¤ÏÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜ µ‡ıÈÛÌ· Î·È ª·Ú›ÓÔ˜. ¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ 4x4 √È ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Ì ÙÂÙڷΛÓËÙ· ·˘ÙÔΛÓËÙ· Â›Ó·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ¿Ú· ÔÏϤ˜ Î·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷΤ˜: ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ∫·ÚÂÓËÛ›Ô˘. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi µ‡ıÈÛÌ· Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÚÔ˜ æÈ·Ó¿. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ª·Ú›ÓÔ˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÚÔ˜ æÈ·Ó¿. ñ ∞fi ÙË Á¤Ê˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·-
ÌÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™ÎÔÈ¿ Î·È ·fi ÂΛ ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ, ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ÕÁÈÔ˜ ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜, ÚÔ˜ æÈ·Ó¿ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∞ÓÈ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶ÔÙ·ÌÈ¿˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™ÎÔÈ¿ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ Î·È ÙË ƒÔÛο Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ‰È·Û¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÔÚÂÈ‚·ÙÈÎfi ηٷʇÁÈÔ Ù˘ ∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰·˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË §·ÎÎÒÌ·Ù·. ñ ∞fi ÙË ı¤ÛË æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜ ÛÙ· Û‡ÓÔÚ· Ì ÙÔÓ ÓÔÌfi ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ªÂÛÔÎÒÌË Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ƒÔÛο ›Ù ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ∫ÔÓ›Ûη ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ £¤ÚÌÔ˘. ñ ∞fi ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ÙÔÔıÂۛ˜ ∫ÚÈ Î·È µ¿ÏÙÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ Â›Ù ÓfiÙÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙË ı¤ÛË æËÏfi˜ ™Ù·˘Úfi˜ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË, ›Ù ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÚÈÎÂÏÏÔfiÙ·ÌÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ √ÍÈ¿. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ÚÔ˜ ™·Ú¿ÓÙ·ÈÓ· Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi °·Ú‰›ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ºıÈÒÙȉ·˜. ñ ∞fi ÙÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË ÚÔ˜ ÓfiÙÔ Î·È
ªÈÎÚ‹ Â˙ÔÁ¤Ê˘Ú·
¢È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ ÛÙË Ê‡ÛË Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·
235
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
∞ÈÙ ˆÏ È Î ‹ ∞Ó · Ù ˘ Í È · Î ‹
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·100
∞ . ∂ . √. ∆. ∞ .
¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ª·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹ Î·È §È‚·‰¿ÎÈ ÙÔ˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜. ∂ÛÙ›·ÛË - ¢È·ÌÔÓ‹ ™ÙÔ ¢‹ÌÔ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÛÙ›·Û˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·, ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ Î·Ù¿ ·ÚÈÔ ÏfiÁÔ, fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ηϋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â͢ËÚ¤ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÎÂÙÒÓ Û ÂÛÙÈ·ÙfiÚÈ·, ηÊÂÓ›·, ¿ÏÏ· ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂȉÒÓ ÚÒÙ˘ ·Ó¿Á΢ (·ÚÙÔÔÈ›·, ·ÓÙԈϛ· ÎÙÏ) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË. ™ÙÔ ∫Ú›-
ÎÂÏÏÔ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ¤¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËı› ÌÔÓ¿‰· ·ÚÙÔÔÈ›Ԣ. °È· ÙË ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹ ¿ÏÈ Ù· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· Î·È ∫Ú›ÎÂÏÏÔ Â›Ó·È Ë ÚÒÙË ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ Û ÂÓÔÈÎÈ·˙fiÌÂÓ· ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈ·, ÂÓÒ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È Ô ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎfi˜ ÍÂÓÒÓ·˜ Ù˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜. ∞ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘ Û ηٷχ̷ٷ ·fi ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Leader+ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋˜ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ÛÙ· 2 ·˘Ù¿ ¯ˆÚÈ¿. ∂›Û˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ› ÍÂÓÒÓ˜ ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚÈ¿ ÕÌÏÈ·ÓË, ƒÔÛο Î·È ™Ù¿‚ÏÔÈ. ∆ÔÈΤ˜ ÁÈÔÚÙ¤˜ √ÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ ∫·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ηÛÙ¿ÓÔ˘ ™ÙÔÓ ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi ∫·ÛÙ·ÓԇϷ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÌÂÚ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ æÈ·ÓÒÓ, ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ™·‚‚·ÙÔ·ÚÈ·ÎÔ ÙÔ˘ √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ οÛÙ·ÓÔ˘. ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· - °ÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘ ™ÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ· ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô ™·‚‚·ÙÔ·ÚÈ·ÎÔ √ÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÙÛ›Ô˘ÚÔ˘.
™ÎÈ¿¯ÙÚÔ ÛÙ· ¯ˆÚ¿ÊÈ· ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘
¶·ÏÈfi ÍÂÓÔ‰ÔÂ¯Â›Ô ÛÙË ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·
∏ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ¶·ÓÙ·‚Ú¤¯ÂÈ
▲
236
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
11:06
™ÂÏ›‰·101
∞π∆ø§π∫∏ √¢∏°√™ ∆∂§π∫√™ 9/2
06-04-09
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MUNICIPALITY OF DOMNISTA The name of the Municipality came from the homonymous historic village. Aris Velouchiotis started the armed struggle against the Germans started here on 7-6-1942. The geomorphologic relief of Domnista Municipality is particularly mountainous and the altitude varies from 600 to 2,100 meters. To the north it neighbors with Kaliakouda (2101 m) and to the east with the Oxia mounts (Sarantaina 1922 m, Karavi 1712 m, Kokkalia 1715 m). To the southeast it neighbors with the mountains Dentrouli (1655 m) and Karfopetalia and to the west with the mountain Platanaki (1777m) as well as the foot of mountain Panaetoliko. Many creeks flow through these mountains, most of which flow into Krikellopotamos that starts on the mountains of Oxia. Historic details In 279 BC, at the position Kokalia, near Krikello, the Aetolians beat and totally ruined the wild swarms of the Galatians that invaded the Evritanian territory. During the great commotion in 1821, the Municipality of Domnista played a very important role that is linked to the presence in this area of the powerful-armed force family of Gioldasaioi. In June 1945, a very important date for the place, the armed struggle of the National Resistance by Aris Velouchiotis was officially declared. Most important sites Domnista The Monument of National Resistance, the precinct church of Agios Athanasios (1886), the historical and folklore museum, the position Agios Ilias with the panoramic view and the old renovated water mill of the village. Krikello The whole ground district covered by thick fir forests, the picturesque and huge village central square with the shadowy plains, surrounded by traditional small shops, the seven stone fountains, the beautiful old stone houses and building and the battle monument from the historical victory of the Aetolians against the Galatians. Psiana The river of Krikellopotamos and the gorge of Seliotis. Roska The magnificent view of the village towards Kaliakouda and Krikellopotamos, the position “Padavrechei” [Always raining] (high rocks that raise high above the two sides of the river and form an impressive gorge that seems to be covered at some parts. From the Doliana side, above the rocks the water comes down from a creek complex that spreads around by the vegetation at the natural cover of the river, falls into the river bed and creates a fantastic spectacle of waterfalls), the Roska Gorge with waterfalls that reach 12 meters high and the air metallic pedestrian bridge on Krikelopotamos, near Padavrechei. Mesokomi The cave of Mesokomi, the picturesque village square and the precinct church of the Holy Mother Dormition (1911). Abliani The churches Agia Paraskevi (1864) and Agios Nikolaos (1894) and the dress of Ablianitissa, a lovely ensemble of weaving, the dance Stegos that is danced during the grand feasts of Agia Paraskevi on July 26th every year. Alternative tourism Hiking The E4 European Path and the crossing of Krikellopotamos up to the position “Padavrechi”. Climbing Ascents to the tops Platanaki, Karfopetalia and from the monument of the battle against the Galatians towards the top of Sarantena. Crossing of Seliotis Gorge. Snow climbing the route from Oxia shelter to Sarantena - Alogovouni - Karavi - Kokalia. Mountain bike Routes from Krikello towards the village Sigkrelo of the Municipality of Potamia in Evritania Prefecture and the settlements Vithisma and Marinos. 4x4 Routes Unlimited routes through the forest roads that connect the villages and more specifically around Krikellopotamos.
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∂¶π§√°∏ µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞™ ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁÈο ∫ˆÓ. ¢. ™ÙÂÚÁÈÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘: «∏ ∞Ú¯·›· ∞Èوϛ·», ∞ı‹Ó·È 1939 ∞Ï. ¢Ú·Î¿ÎË - ™Ù. ∫Ô‡Ó‰Ô˘ÚÔ˘: «∞گ›· ÂÚ› Ù˘ Û˘ÛÙ¿Ûˆ˜ Î·È ÂÍÂϛ͈˜ ¢‹ÌˆÓ Î·È ∫ÔÈÓÔًوӻ, 1836 - 1839 ∞ı‹Ó·È 1940, ÙfiÌÔÈ ∞, µ πˆ¿Ó. °. °È·ÓÓÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘: «∏ ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈ΋ √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛȘ Ù˘ ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·Ó, 1971 ¡›ÎÔ˘ ¡¤˙Ë: «∆· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο µÔ˘Ó¿», ∞ı‹Ó· 1979 ∂™À∂: «§ÂÍÈÎfi ÙˆÓ ¢‹ÌˆÓ, ∫ÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ Î·È ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜», ∞ı‹Ó·È 1984 S. Bommeljé - P. Doorn: «Aetolia and the Aetolians», Utrecht, 1987 ∫ÒÛÙ· ∆Û›ËÚ·: «™Ù· ∂ÏÏËÓÈο µÔ˘Ó¿», ∞ 1992, µ 1993, ° 1997 ª. ™Ù·Ì·ÙÂÏ¿ÙÔ˜ - º. µ¿Ì‚· - ™Ù·Ì·ÙÂÏ¿ÙÔ˘: «∂›ÙÔÌÔ °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi §ÂÍÈÎfi Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜», ∞ı‹Ó· 2001 ∫‡ÚˆÛË ∞ÔÁÚ·Ê‹˜ 2001 º∂∫ 715µ/12.6.2002 µ·Û. ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˘: «∆· µÔ˘Ó¿ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜», EXPLORER 2003 ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ¡ÔÌfi˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜, 10, ÂΉ. ¢√ª∏ ªÂϤÙË “√ÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓÔ˜ ™¯Â‰È·ÛÌfi˜ ¢ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ ªÔÓÔ·ÙÈÒÓ Î·È ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ∂Ó·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ªÔÚÊÒÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ∞Èوϛ·” Ù˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ∞.∂. ÌÂÏÂÙËÙ‹˜ ∂.¶∂.ª. ∞.∂., π√À¡π√™ 2004, ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞.∂.
∫·ÏÈ·ÎÔ‡‰· - √ÍÈ¿ - ¢‹ÌÔ˜ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·ÓÈ΋ - ∂˘Ú˘Ù·ÓÈ΋ ∂Á΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ·, ∆. ∞, µ, °, ¢ ∫.∞. ¶··‰ÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ - ∞.¢. ™Ù·Ì¿Ù˘: «√ π.¡. ∞Á›Ô˘ ∞ı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ ¢ÔÌÓ›ÛÙ·˜», ∞ı‹Ó· 1986 ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ °ÎÈfiÏÈ·: «™˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·», 1986 ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ °ÎÈfiÏÈ·: «πÛÙÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ ∞Ú¯·›ˆÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·ÓÒÓ», ∞ı‹Ó· 1992 ÷ڿÏ. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘: «°ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ·fi ÙÔ 1829», ∞Ó¿Ù˘Ô ∂∫¶∂, 1995 ª¿ÚÎÔ˘ °ÎÈfiÏÈ·: «πÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜», 1999 ∏ÌÂÚËÛ›·: «∞ӷηχÙÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·» ∞ӷηχ„Ù ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: «∫·ÚÂÓ‹ÛÈ - ∞Ú¿¯Ô‚·» (ºˆÎ›‰·) ª·Ú›· ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ - ªÔÙÔÓ¿ÎË: «µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi˜ Ô‰ËÁfi˜ ∂˘Ú˘Ù·Ó›·˜», ∫·ÚÂÓ‹ÛÈ 2007 µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ· - ªfiÚÓÔ˜ ¡. §Ô˘ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘: «µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·», ∏.ª.∂. 1931 ∂˘ı. ª·ÛÙÚÔÎÒÛÙ·: «∫ÙÈÙÔÚÈ΋ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ∞Á›·˜ ªÔÓ‹˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰Ô˜» ∞Ó¿Ù˘Ô ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫°’ ∂∂µ™, 1953 ∞ÚÁ. ¶ÂÙÚÔÓÒÙË: «∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈο Î·È √ÈÎÈÛÙÈο ªÓËÌ›·», ∞Ó¿Ù˘Ô ·fi ÙËÓ ∂∂™ª, 1973 ¢ËÌ. ™Ù·Ì¤ÏÔ˘: «∏ ¢ˆÚ›‰· ÛÙËÓ ∆Ô˘ÚÎÔÎÚ·Ù›·», 1986 °È¿Ó. ∏ÏÈÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘: «§·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜», ∞ı‹Ó· 1987 ª·Ú. §Ô˘ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ - ¶·ÙÙ›¯Ë: «∂ÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹ - ∫ˆÛÙ¿ÚÈÙÛ·» (¢È¯ÒÚÈ), ∞ı‹Ó· 1990 ¢ˆÚÈ΋ ∞‰ÂÏÊfiÙ˘: «∏ ¢ˆÚ›‰· Û ʈÙÔÁڷʛ˜», 14Ô ¶·Ó‰ˆÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ 28-29 ∞˘Á. 1991, §È‰ˆÚ›ÎÈ ∂.¡. ™Ù·ıfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∏ ºˆÎ›‰· Ù˘ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û˘», ∞ı‹Ó· 1994 ∫. ™¿ı·: «∆Ô ÃÚÔÓÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ °·Ï·ÍÂȉ›Ô˘», ¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·, 1996, ÂÈÌ. ∞Ï.°.∫. ™·‚‚›‰Ë˜ ª·Ú. §Ô˘ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ - ¶·ÙÙ›¯Ë: «µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·, Ù· ÈÚÈ¿ Ù˘ √ÚÂÈÓ‹˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰·˜», ∞ı‹Ó· 1996 ÷ڷÏ. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «¢¿ÊÓÔ˜ ‹ ªfiÚÓÔ˜, ∆Ô ¶ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ù˘ ¡·˘·ÎÙÔ‰ˆÚ›‰·˜», ∞Ó¿Ù˘Ô ·Ô Ù· ¡·˘·ÎÙȷο 9 (1997) ∞ı·Ó. µ. ∫·Úη‚›ÙÛ·˜: «∑ˆÚÈ·Ófi˜ ¢ˆÚ›‰Ô˜», ÂΉ. ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ∑ˆÚÈ·ÓÈÙÒÓ, ∞ı‹Ó· 2004 °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ¢ÂÏfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «µÂÏÔ‡¯È Î·È µ·Ú‰Ô‡ÛÈ·», ÂÚ. ¡Â¯ˆÚ›ÙÈη 32/2004 ∂‡ËÓÔ˜ - ∫fiÙÛ·ÏÔ˜ - ¶fiÚÈ·Ú˘ ÷ڷÏ. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «¡·˘·ÎÙȷο ªÂÏÂÙ‹Ì·Ù·» (∞ 1980, µ. 1983, ° 1985) ¢ÈÔÓ. ªÈÙ¿ÎË: «∂‡ËÓÔ˜, µ·Ú¿ÛÔ‚·, ∫ÏfiÎÔ‚·», ¡·˘·ÎÙȷο 3 (1986 - 7) ÷ڷÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «™˘ÓÔÙÈÎfi ¢È¿ÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ∂ÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋˜ πÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘», ∂.¡∞.ª., ∞ı‹Ó· 2000 ∂˘ÁÂÓ›· ∫·Ú·ÁÈ¿ÓÓË - ÷ڷϷÌÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘: «™ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ·fi ÙËÓ πÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘», ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ 2003 ÷ڿÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶˘ÏÏ‹Ó˘ Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., 2005 ÷ڿÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈÚÚ›Ô˘ Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., 2005 ÷ڿÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ÿÏÎÂÈ·˜ Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., 2006 ÷ڿÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¡·˘¿ÎÙÔ˘ Ë fiÏË Î·È Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., 2006 ÷ڿÏ. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ¶Ï·Ù¿ÓÔ˘ Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., ˘fi ¤Î‰ÔÛË Ã·Ú¿Ï. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘ ∞Ô‰ÔÙ›·˜ Ù· ÈÚÈ¿», ∂.¡.∞.ª., ˘fi ¤Î‰ÔÛË Ã·Ú¿Ï. ¢. ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô ∞›ÓÈÁÌ· «∫Ú¿‚·Ú·»», ¡·˘·ÎÙȷ΋ 144, 146, 147, 148/2007 ∂ÊËÌ. ¡·˘·ÎÙȷ΋: 1/1983 - 150/2008-04-16 ∂ÊËÌ. ¡·˘·ÎÙȷ΋: 1/1983 - 14/2008-04-16 «∞ӷηχ„Ù ÙË ¡·˘·ÎÙ›·», ∞¡¡∞, 2006 ¡ÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ¢ˆÚ›‰· - ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ∏ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·, πÂÚ¿ ªÔÓ‹ Ù˘ ÀÂÚ·Á›·˜ £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ˘, ÂΉ. 1.ª. µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜, 1975. µ·Û›Ï˘ ∫·ÙÛ·Úfi˜: «ŒÓ· ÃÚÔÓÈÎfi Ù˘ ªÔÓ‹˜ µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜», ÂÚ. ∫ÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿, 11/1979 µ·Û›Ï˘ ∫·ÙÛ·Úfi˜: «∑ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· πÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ÂÓfi˜ µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡ ¡·Ô‡ ÎÔÓÙ· ÛÙÔ ∂˘¿ÏÈÔ ¢ˆÚ›‰Ô˜», ÂÚ. µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿, 10/1980 °È¿ÓÓ˘ ∏ÏÈfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «ª·Óًψ, ÙÔ µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓfi ¶ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ù˘ ¢ˆÚ›‰Ô˜», ÂÚÈÔ‰. ™ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ·’ ÙË ºˆÎ›‰· 19/πÔ˘Ï.-∞˘Á. 1981 µ·Û›Ï˘ ∫·ÙÛ·Úfi˜: «§fiÁÈ· ™ÙÔȯ›· ÛÙËÓ ∂ÈÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ¢ÂÛÔÙ¿ÙÔ˘», ªÔ˘ÛÈÎÔÏ. ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ÕÚÙ˘ (ÕÚÙ· 27-31 ª·ÚÙ. 1990) ∞Ú¯ÈÌ. ∂ÈÚËÓ·›Ô˜: «ŸÛÈÔ˜ ∞ÚÛ¤ÓÈÔ˜, Ô ∫Ù›ÙˆÚ Ù˘ π.ª. µ·ÚÓ¿ÎÔ‚·˜», ¡·‡·ÎÙÔ˜ 1993 °È¿ÓÓ˘ ∏ÏÈfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∂˘¿ÏÈÔ», ∞ı‹Ó· 1998 ∞Ú¿Î˘ÓıÔ˜ ∞ÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·ÓÈ΋ - ∂˘Ú˘Ù·ÓÈ΋ ∂Á΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ· Ù. ∞, µ, °, ¢ ∫ˆÓ. ¶··‰fiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ √‰ËÁfi˜ Ù˘ ∞Ú¯·›·˜ ¶Ï¢ÚÒÓ·˜», ∞ı‹Ó· 2001 µ.∞. §·ÌÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜: «ªÂÛÔÏfiÁÁÈ», µ·Û‰¤Î˘ 2003 °È¿ÓÓ˘ ¡. ∫Ô˘Êfi˜: «√ ∫‹Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ∏ÚÒˆÓ», ∞ı‹Ó· 2007
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ŒÎ‰ÔÛË ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ∞ÈÙˆÏÈ΋ ∞Ó·Ù˘Íȷ΋ ∞.∂. √.∆.∞. ∂È̤ÏÂÈ· ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ∫ÒÛÙ·˜ ∫·Ú·ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘, ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ º·ÏÏȤÚÔ˜ ∫›ÌÂÓ· ÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ ÷ڷϷÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ª∂∆∞ºƒ∞™π™ ºˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ ∫·ÏÔÁ‹ÚÔ˘ ÿÚÙ˜ ∞∆ƒ∞¶√™
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