Solutions Profile: Performance Based Structural Evaluation and Design

Solutions Profile

Performance Based Structural Evaluation and Design Ensuring explicit safety and structural resilience for earthquake and other hazards

Technology  Engineering  Environment  Development  Management

Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Content Performance Based Structural Evaluation and Design 03 Why AIT Solutions for PBD?

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Service Deliverables 04 Scope of Service 04 Annex A : Technical Details

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Overall procedure 06

Codes, Standards, and References

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Information needed 07

Annex B: Organizational Profile

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Asian Institute of Technology

AIT Solutions 12

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Annex C: Selected Projects

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Annex D: Key Experts

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Performance Based Structural Evaluation and Design According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat’s (CTBUH) report titled ‘Tall Trends of 2016’, the year 2016 was a record-setting year for tall building completion. Furthermore, Asian megacities have around 81% of the 200 m plus buildings. Without a doubt, as the tall buildings and complex structures are becoming more prevalent in our world today, the concern for the safety of the public from various natural and manmade hazards is becoming more relevant.

Why performance based structural evaluation and design?

When clients and users of the building ask a structural engineer, an apparently simple question “Is my structure safe?”, engineers are at odds to respond this explicitly. Generally, the structural engineers follow the prescriptive provisions of the building and design codes, and probably the best answer they could offer is that “I am not sure, but I have designed this structure according to the building code!”

Obviously, such a response may not be sufficient, or acceptable, but unless clearer and more refined design approaches and methodologies are used, this may be the only choice.

Benefits to the Society and the Developers

Performance-based Structural Evaluation provides an alternative, as well as progression to more explicit evaluation of the safety and reliability of structures for various hazards, specially earthquakes, and progressive collapse scenarios. PBD gives the opportunity to clearly define the levels of hazards to be designed against, with the corresponding performance to be achieved, and evaluate the cost implications in the process. This essentially allows the clients, building owners, and team carrying out the PBD to evaluate the explicit risks at the site, consider the purpose and usage of the building, and set the design for appropriate performance levels, in line with international guidelines and practices.

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Safer buildings with better reliability

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Verification of the structural performance

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Cost-effectiveness

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Use of innovative solutions

Performance-based Structural Evaluation aims to increase the value of the structure through enhanced structural performance and improved cost effectiveness. It enables arbitrary restrictions to be lifted and provides for the development of safer and more cost-effective solutions. Furthermore, it offers a winning scenario for all the major stakeholders— developers, owners, and public officials—by identifying how a structure/building is likely to perform under earthquake shaking and other extreme events to rectify any fault in designs.

Performance-based Structural Evaluation is a necessity if we want: •

To promote brand image

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Restate structural safety and security

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To meet existing and possible new government regulations as safety is of the highest standards

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Post-earthquake cost savings due to earthquake resistant structures

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Why AIT Solutions for PBD? AIT Solutions, at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, has all the ingredients to develop and apply PBD approaches. The Performancebased Structural Evaluation carried out by AIT Solutions, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand utilizes state of the art in terms of methodologies, techniques, technologies, and tools. While conducting the evaluation, reference is made to the relevant design codes, standards, guidelines and documents as appropriate.

To date, 100 tall buildings in Asia were evaluated by using the PBD approach, many of which were further reviewed by third-party experts based in United States. This advanced and highly specialized work is carried out by AITS team of adept structural engineers, advised by the AIT faculty experts.

The scope of our service is as follows:

Schematic Design Review At the beginning of the project, schematic design is reviewed in close collaboration with the project architects and structural engineers. i.

Review the architectural and structural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as necessary.

ii. Study and comment on suitability of structural concepts/ systems with an objective to achieve good performance and cost effectiveness.

Performance-based Evaluation

Service Deliverables

After substantial completion of code-based design by structural consultant (EOR), structural performance-based evaluation is carried out to evaluate the performance of the structural system at different levels of earthquakes.

The following reports will be submitted to the client.

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1. Recommendations for design improvements 2. Cost and performance analysis 3. Structural performance letter

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Scope of Service

Many high-end real estate developers in countries such as Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, The Philippines, and Thailand have benefited greatly from performance based design. Beside ensuring the highest standards of public safety and security, real-estate companies have also been able to effectively build up their brand image as being socially responsible and innovative leaders and pioneers in the industry.

Develop the performance-based evaluation criteria, including seismic design methodology, seismic performance goals, acceptance criteria, mathematical modeling and simulation.

ii. Review linear finite element model of the structure used in code-based design and refine as necessary for Service Level Earthquake analysis. iii. Create nonlinear finite element model of the structure for Maximum Considered Earthquake evaluation. iv. Carry out different types of analyses to evaluate the performance: progressively using linear-static, nonlinear static and nonlinear-dynamic analyses, as appropriate.

The analyses will be conducted using

Performance Based Structural Evaluation

site-specific response spectrum and sitespecific ground motion records, provided by the client. v. Carry out detailed studies of the response and performance of primary structural members and systems in the structure with the objective to improve their behavior, response, reliability as well as optimization of the sizing and detailing for cost effectiveness. vi. Report on the performance-based evaluation results and recommendations.

The structural consultant (EOR) may use the recommendations to modify/update the design. 

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Annex A:

Technical Details

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Overall procedure Overall procedure for performance-based evaluation is presented as below.

1. Geotechnical investigation and site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard assessment are suggested to be conducted at the start of the project.

2. Structural system will be developed by structural consultant (EOR) in the schematic design stage.

3. AITS will review the structural system based on ETABS model and drawings provided by structural consultant. AITS will provide the suggestions and recommendations if required.

4. If wind tunnel test is conducted, structural consultant (EOR) will provide the information required by wind tunnel consultant.

5. Structural consultant (EOR) will continue the detailed code-based design, using probabilistic seismic hazard assessment results and wind tunnel test results.

Structural consultant (EOR) will prepare the design drawings based on code-based design.

6. After substantial completion of code-based design done by structural consultant, AITS will conduct the performance-based evaluation based on provided design information from structural consultant.

AITS will provide the performance-based evaluation results and recommendations.

Structural consultant (EOR) may use the recommendations to modify/update the design.

7. If structural peer review is conducted, it is suggested to involve the peer reviewer as early in the structural design phase. Peer reviewer will review the work of structural consultant (EOR) and AITS. Comments from peer reviewer will be resolved by structural consultant (EOR) and AIT. Structural consultant (EOR) will be responsible for the comments related to drawings, design calculations and finite element models of code-based design (DBE and wind). AITS will be responsible for the comments related to design calculations and finite element models used in performance based evaluation (SLE and MCE).

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Codes, Standards, and References Building Codes

Other References

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International Building Code, 2015 Edition (IBC 2015) with appropriate reference to ASCE/SEI 7-10 if needed.

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Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41-13, American Society of Civil Engineers

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National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), 2015 Edition

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Tall Buildings Initiative: Guidelines for Performance-based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings, PEER Report No. 2010/05, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center

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An Alternative Procedure for Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, 2014 Edition, Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council

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Experimental Evaluation and Analytical Modeling of ACI 318-05/08 Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading, UCLA-SGEL Report 2009/06

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Case Studies of the Seismic Performance of Tall Buildings Designed by Alternative Means, Task 12 Report for the Tall Buildings Initiative

Material Codes

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Reinforced Concrete: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, ACI 318M-14, American Concrete Institute

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Structural Steel: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, ANSI/AISC 360-10, American Institute of Steel Construction

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Structural Steel: Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, ANSI/AISC 34110, American Institute of Steel Construction

Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Information needed The following information will be required and is requested from the client.

1. Architectural drawings (AutoCAD format is preferable.)

2. Structural drawings preferable.)

(AutoCAD

format

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DBE, SLE and wind (For option B) 7. Nonlinear models used for MCE evaluation (For option B)

3. Basis of design

8. SAFE models used for foundation design (For option B)

4. Site-specific probabilistic seismic analysis report and MCE level ground motions data files

9. Design calculation reports for DBE, SLE, wind and MCE (For option B)

5. Geotechnical assessment report

10. Wind tunnel test report (if conducted)

6. ETABS models used in code-based design for

11. Girder schedules in excel format (preferable)

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Annex B:

Organizational Profile

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)

Established in Bangkok in 1959, AIT is a leading regional postgraduate institution and is actively working with public and private sector partners throughout the region and with some of the top universities in the world. The mission of AIT is to develop highly qualified and committed professionals who play leading roles in the region’s sustainable development and its integration into the global economy.

AIT’s academic programs are provided by the three schools, with many fields of academic study and research areas, over one hundred highly qualified faculty members and researchers, and numerous Centers of Excellence that support the various functions of the institution. In addition to academic programs, AIT has completed over 800 research and consulting projects, having a total value of 2.4 Billion Baht. The schools and Centers at AIT extend consulting services in each of their own areas of knowledge and expertise. AIT extends its consulting and research services to fulfill its professional and societal responsibilities related to sustainable development, specifically towards its stakeholders and to society in general.

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

AIT Solutions (AITS) AIT Solutions aims to increase the spread of AIT’s science and technology knowledge, establish higher science, engineering and technology standards, develop innovative technology solutions and collaborate with institutions for sharing knowledge, information, experience and expertise in order to achieve its vision of enhancing the application of science and technology for development. AITS intends to develop technology, engineering, environment, development, and management alternatives to bring a successful sustainable development strategy in to the rapidly developing world.

AIT Solutions will provide an integrated link to meet the requirements of the client in various capacities by utilizing the resources and capabilities available within AIT, as well as its partner institutions and other linkages.

Environment

Development

Engineering

Management

Technology

AIT Partners

AIT Resources

AIT Alumni

BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION

IT & MOBILE COMPUTING

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT SOLUTIONS

RESILIENT STRUCTURES

KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS

WILDLIFE ENFORCEMENT MONITORING SYSTEM

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Innovation Lab (iLab) at AIT Solutions, AIT, serve as a student-centric creativity hub, offering a platform to students, researchers, innovators, and entrepreneurs to nature their promising ideas through collaborative approach, and develop sustainable and scalable solutions, processes, and products.

The Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software (ACECOMS) was established in 1995 as one of the first centers of excellence at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). It aims to provide an impetus to the research in engineering computations, the development of quality computer software tools for engineering applications and training on their effective use.

Habitech Center is a research and development center for building components and building technology at the AIT Solutions.

Habitech Center has conducted research and developed various building components that are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient and cost-effective. This cost-effective building system is named Habitech Building System.

This system has been tested, demonstrated and disseminated through various housing projects in Thailand and in other countries throughout Asia and Pacific.

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Annex C:

Selected Projects

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Selected Projects in Philippines Ayala 6747

Garden Tower 1-2

Height: 262 m, Solutions Provided: Performance-Based Evaluation Building Features : Performance-Based Evaluation, Building Features, The total project area is approximately 71,000 gross square meters of constructed area with approximately 188 housing units and 584 parking stalls.

Height: 170 m (Tower1) 203.2 m (Tower 2) Solutions Provided: Performance-Based Evaluation Building Features : Consists of two high-rise residential towers, 4 stories of below grade parking (extending approximately 14-meters below grade).

Ayala Triangle Gardens (Hotel & Office Tower)

Park Central Towers (North and South Buildings)

Height: 194 m (Office Tower) 108 m (Hotel Tower) Solutions Provided: Structural Peer Review of PBD Building Features : The building consists of one high-rise Office Tower and one mid-rise Hotel Tower, resting on common podium.

Height: 241 m (South Tower) 197 m (North Tower) Solutions Provided: Performance-Based Evaluation Building Features : The project consists of two high-rise residential towers. The towers are resting on 4-level common podium with 6 basements parking (extending approximately 23 m below grade).

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

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East Gallery Place

The Sandstone at Portico

Height: 159.50 m Solutions Provided: Performance-Based Evaluation Building Features : 50 storey residential building with 5 stories of below grade parking (extending approximately 21-m below grade). The tower consists mainly of residential units, and amenity deck.

Height: 142.6 m Solutions Provided: Performance-based evaluation & site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard assessment Building Features : The 45 storey building is a reinforced concrete building, supported by the mat foundation.

Sequoia at Two Serendra

The Suites

Height: 163.8 m Solutions Provided: Performance Based Design Building Features : 54 storey building four basements

Height: 219.55 m Solutions Provided: Performance Based Evaluation Building Features : The Residential Tower measures 219.55 m from ground level to roof deck level with 6 stories of below grade parking extending approximately 21-m below grade.

Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Annex D:

Key Experts

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Key Experts

Dr. Naveed Anwar

Executive Director, AIT Solutions Asian Institute of Technology

Expertise Academic Qualifications • Doctor of Engineering Structural Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

• Computational Mechanics, Finite Element Methods, Nonlinear and Dynamic Analysis, • Modeling and Analysis of Bridges, Tall Buildings and Special Structures • Structural system development and evaluation • Investigation of Failures, Design review and Remedial Measure

• M.Eng. Structural Engineering Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

• Performance-based Design and Evaluation

• B.Sc. Civil Engineering University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore Pakistan

• Professional training and human resource development and capacity building

• Development of Software for Engineering Applications

Current Designations

Experience

• Executive Director, AIT Solutions, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

Dr. Anwar has over twenty-five years of extensive experience in the conception, planning, analysis, design, detailing and evaluation of tall buildings, bridges and special structures, computational mechanics, and the development of software for engineering applications. Dr. Anwar is recognized for numerous honors and awards for his 30-year contribution to the field of structural engineering, computational mechanics, and the development of software for engineering applications.

• Director, Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software (ACECOMS), School of Engineering and Technology, AIT, Thailand • Affiliate Faculty, Structural Engineering Field of Study, School of Engineering and Technology, AIT, Thailand

Prof. Pennung Warnitchai

Professor, School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology

Expertise • Structural Dynamics

Academic Qualifications

• Earthquake Engineering (seismic hazard assessment, earthquake resistant design of structures)

• D. Eng., Structural Engineering University of Tokyo, Japan

• Wind Engineering (wind effects on structures, aero elasticity, wind tunnel model tests)

• M. Eng., Structural Engineering University of Tokyo, Japan

• Bridge Engineering

• B. Eng., Civil Engineering Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

Experience

Current Designations • Professor, Structural Engineering Field of Study, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

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• Control of Structural Vibration

Prof. Pennung has considerable experience when it comes to conducting research projects in seismic hazard and risk assessment. Some of the notable research project that Prof. Pennung has conducted include: Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment of Six Cities in Bangladesh; Action Plan for Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Bangkok, Study on Seismic Design and Retrofit of Building in Thailand. The research and consulting assignment conducted by Prof. Pennung covers national (Thailand) as well as regional (South East Asia, and South Asia).

Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Dr. Punchet Thammarak

Senior Instructor, School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology

Expertise Academic Qualifications • PhD., The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, May 2009 • B.Eng. (1st Class Honor, Gold Medal), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, May 2004

Current Designations • Senior Instructor, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand

• Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings • Structural Design Review • Structural Evaluation and Remedial Measure • Earthquake Engineering • Performance-based Design and Evaluation of Buildings

Experience Dr. Punchet has intensive experience in carrying out wind and earthquake impact evaluation for given structural system. His expertise include progressively using liner-static, linear-dynamic and other relevant techniques for structural evaluation.

Engr. Thaung Htut Aung Deputy Projects Director, AIT Solutions Asian Institute of Technology

Expertise Academic Qualifications • M. Eng., Structural Engineering Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand • B.E. Civil Engineering Yangon Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar

Current Designations • Deputy Project Director, AIT Solutions, Asian Institute of Technology

• Finite element modeling, analysis and design of tall buildings • Performance-based seismic design • Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings

Experience Engr. Aung has over 12 years of experience in analysis and design of multistory buildings and other structures, especially in performance-based seismic design of tall buildings. He has been actively engaged in structural system review, development of detailed design of many structural works in Thailand and region.

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Performance Based Structural Evaluation

Engr. Keerati Tunthasuwatana

Deputy Director, Asian Center for Engineering Computation and Software, Asian Institute of Technology

Academic Qualifications

Expertise

• M. Eng., Structural Engineering Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

• Structural Analysis and Design of Buildings and Bridges

• B.Eng., Civil Engineering Kasetsart University, Thailand

• Structural Evaluation and Remedial Measure

Current Designations

Experience

• Deputy Director, Asian Center for Engineering Computation and Software, Asian Institute of Technology

Engr. Keerati has over 20 years of experience in analysis and design of multi-story buildings and performance based evaluation of buildings. He has been actively working in structural design review and wind tunnel analysis of landmark structures and buildings.

• Structural Design Reviews • Structural Damage Investigation

Dr. Pramin Norachan

Structural Engineering Manager, AIT Solutions Asian Institute of Technology

Expertise Academic Qualifications • Ph.D. Civil and Environmental System Engineering (Structural Engineering), Konkuk University, Korea • M. Eng., Structural Engineering Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand • B.Eng., Civil Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand

Current Designations • Structural Engineering Manager, AIT Solutions, Asian Institute of Technology

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• Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings • Structural Design Review • Performance-Based Seismic Design and Evaluation of Buildings • Progressive Collapse Evaluation of Buildings

Experience Dr. Pramin has more than 5 years of experience in seismic performance based evaluation of residential buildings other structures in Thailand and region. Specifically, he has been actively engaged in construction stage analysis of prestressed concrete bridges, time-dependent analysis of prestressed concrete structures, simulation of wave and current forces on offshore structures.

Address: AIT Solutions, Km. 42 Paholyothin Highway, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand Tel : +(662) 524 6388 : +(662) 524 5533 Fax : +(662) 524 6655

E-mail : solutions@ait.asia Website: www.solutions.ait.asia