Mixed-Use Office Mission Bay, San Francisco N
12.05.2013
Prof. Christoph Reinhart
Aiko Nakano | Thomas Sherman
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY CONCEPTS
Our Philosophy
Site Weather
Thermal Envelope
EUI
Precedents
Heating DD Cooling DD
Daylighting
Fuel Breakdown: Typical Summer Week Typical Winter Week
Site: Planned Masterplanning Form Finding Plans Sections
Psychrometric Chart
Solar Gain and Glare Control Natural Ventilation Solar Hot Water
FUTURE Office Space of the Future
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
DESIGN CONCEPTS
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
OUR DESIGN PHILOSOPHY Precedents: 2 Level Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) office in Quebec, Canada
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
OUR DESIGN PHILOSOPHY Precedents: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) construction - Floor slabs and columns are built up out of multiple layers of quick growing softwoods.
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
Local Energy Mix and Energy Targets Understanding regional energy supply using EPA Power Profiler
EPA Energy target: 159.8 kW/m2 - year (office with 50 people and 52 computers, not heated or air conditioned)
Reduce energy use through passive strategies: Daylighting Controls and Shading Controls Solar Hot Water Heater Natural Ventilation
DISCUSSION
SITE: MISSION BAY
N
DESIGN CONCEPTS SITE: MISSION BAY Existing Masterplanning
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS SITE: MISSION BAY Existing Masterplanning
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
SITE: MISSION BAY Early Stage Rhino massing model
N
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
SHADING STUDY June Morning
June Afternoon
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
EARLY RHINO MASSING MODEL Rhino massing model, Office program above Retail / Cafe on ground level
IF CE OF CE I F OF N
R
IA L ET
/C
E F A
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
PERSPECTIVE VIEW FROM THE SOUTH
N
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTUREFUTURE DISCUSSION DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE OUTSIDE
N
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
Form Finding Process through EUI Evaluation
Model # 13 13 13 14 14
Case Base Base Base Change windows Change windows
Construction WoodSolid WoodSolid WoodSolid WoodSolid WoodSolid
Internal Gain EUI 8 4 4 4
Notes 72.8 57.6 51.5 51.2 51.35
changed internal gain Took out domestic hot water changed to 80% glazing Natural ventilation on
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
ENERGY
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
PLAN ROOF
SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS
SOLAR CHIMNEY
SOLAR CHIMNEY
N
LEVEL 3 750 m2 NET
KITCHEN
LEVEL 1 750 m2 NET 5.47
WORK STATIONS
TOILETS
MECH 2.40
ENTRY
DISPLAY MECH
ENTRY
TOILETS
FUTURE OFFICE SPACE
CONF.
RECEPTION
N
2.55
2.25
N
2.75
TERRACE
47.50
KITCHEN
5.55
9.00
CONF. WORK STATIONS
ENTRY
ENTRY
LEVEL 2 750 m2 NET
TOILETS DISPLAY MECH
ENTRY
RECEPTION
CAFE / RETAIL SPACE
14.50
1.00
1.50
6.25
35.00
6.25
N
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
PLAN
KITCHEN
LEVEL 1 750 m2 NET 5.47
CONF. WORK STATIONS
TOILETS DISPLAY MECH
ENTRY
RECEPTION
2.40
2.55
2.25
2.75
TERRACE
N
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
SECTION
16.50
4.80
0.45
0.60
4.00
OFFICE
2.40
0.60
4.00
OFFICE
4.00
OFFICE
5.00
3.70
CAFE / RETAIL
FOUNDATION
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS SOUTH ELEVATION
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS WEST ELEVATION
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
INSIDE VIEW FACING NORTHWEST
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS INSIDE VIEW FACING EAST
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
MICROCLIMATE
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Climate in Mission Bay
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Solar Sun Path - Annual
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
Solar Sun Paths
June Solstice
Winter Solstice
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
Thermal Envelope: No Thermal Mass
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
Thermal Envelope
30mm Oregon Redwood
3mm EPDM Rubber
20mm Tyvek with Airgap
100mm Wood Panel Insulation
220mm Wood Panel
200mm Wood Panel
25cm
200mm Pine Wood
32cm
30cm
25cm
200mm Pine Wood
100mm Wood Panel Insuation
Wall Assembly
Roof Assembly
Underside of the Office
Floor Slabs
R = 2.4 Km2/W California R = 2.3 - 2.6 Km2/W
R = 4.1 Km2/W California R = 3.9 - 6.7 Km2/W
R = 4.4 Km2/W California R= 4.4 Km2/W
R = 1.9 Km2/W
Recommended R values from simplyinsulate.com/savings for zone 3 (California)
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Daylighting Daylight Autonomy, Usable Daylighting Illuminance and Glare Analysis Daylighting Factor
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Daylighting Radiation Map
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
Desk Illuminance
57 W/m2
44 W/m2 76 W/m2 53 W/m2
59 W/m2
62 W/m2 56 W/m2
55 W/m2 44 W/m2
46 W/m2
53 W/m2 54 W/m2
Summer (Northwest)
Summer (Southeast)
41 W/m2
45 W/m2
40 W/m2 32 W/m2
52 W/m2
37 W/m2
53 W/m2
38 W/m2
39 W/m2
45 W/m2 57 W/m2
63 W/m2
Winter (Northwest)
28 W/m2
Winter (Southeast)
DESIGN CONCEPTS Natural Ventilation Wind rose
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Natural Ventilation Acceptable Operative Temperatue Ranges for Naturally Conditioned Space 19 - 26 degrees C
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
Natural Ventilation Summer Indoor Temperatures
Summer Typical Week
Summer Design Week
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
Natural Ventilation Stack effect - Solar Chimney Placement
Heat absorbing top Operable window
706 W/m2 1115 W/m2
1121 W/m2
588 W/m2 697 W/m2
1132 W/m2
May - October Solar chimney at optimized angle and location
November - April
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
Natural Ventilation Cross ventilation: Buoyancy and wind-driven
16.50
4.80
0.45
0.60
4.00
OFFICE
2.40
0.60
4.00
OFFICE
4.00
OFFICE
5.00
3.70
CAFE / RETAIL
FOUNDATION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
Solar Hot Water 7 solar hot water provides hot water for the entire building (100 occupants) It replaces domestic hot water and utilizes the water from the bay 2 more solar hot water is used for radiant floor heating and reduces heating load Assumptions July Average daily solar radiation (kWh/m2‐day)
7.19
Solar Hot Water Specifications Solar Hot Water System Efficiency (%, delta_T=36.5C) Solar Hot Water Storage and Transmission Loss Solar Hot Water Collector Area (m2) Specific Heat_Water (J/kgK) Density_Water (kg/m3) Average River Water Temperature (degrees C)
0.60 20% 4 4,184 1,000 13.1
Water Usage Hot_Water_Temperature (degrees C) Water_Volume (l/day‐person) Water_Volume Required for Radiant Heating (L) m3/L #People_Our_Office #People_Other_Programs
50 22 NA 0.001 50 50
Sizing Calculations TM =Volume x SVH x p (kJ/K) Q=TM x delta_T (kWh)
9,205 94.38
Collector_Area = Q/(Solar_Radiationx System Efficiency) Number of Hot Water Collectors
27 6.21
Apricus AP-30 Solar Collector
223 W/m2
July 1-30 Solar Radiation
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
Design Builder Model
Assumptions Infiltration: Lighting Control: Glazing: Natural Ventilation Setback T:
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
EUI and Fuel Breakdown EUI of 53.0 Wh/m2 33% Reduction from EPA Target (Energy Star Score 75)
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
EUI and Fuel Breakdown EUI of 53.0 Wh/m2 33% Reduction from EPA Target (Energy Star Score 75)
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Energy Balance
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Typical Summer Week
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS Typical Winter Week
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
FUTURE
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Office of the Future
Internal Load Current Computers Servers Printers New Internal Load
W/m2 8.00 (1.00) (2.00) (0.33) 4.67
Significant decrease on internal load Increased heating needs Decreased cooling needs
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
DISCUSSION
ENERGY
FUTURE
DISCUSSION
DESIGN CONCEPTS
MICROCLIMATE
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
ENERGY
Reflecting on our Design Process We’ve successfully incorporated energy and bioclimatic design early on in the design process Designing for visual comfort and glare sacrificed energy performance for lighting and cooling needs
FUTURE
DISCUSSION