Abstracts

A summary of the latest clinical studies

Title: Evaluation of Changes in Selected Skin Parameters Under the Influence of Extremely Low Temperature Authors: Skrzek A, Ciszek A, et al. Published: Cryobiology, February 2019 Keywords: Cryotherapy, hydration, lubrication Abstract: The aim of the work was to evaluate changes in selected skin parameters under the influence of low temperature. The tests were conducted on a group of 20 women using whole-body cryotherapy. The average age of participants was 58.7 ± 7.54 years; the average body weight 77.84 ± 16.01 kg, the mean BMI 30.14 ± 5.81, and the average body height 160.7 ± 6.48 cm. The tested parameters included hydration, lubrication, temperature, and pH of the skin. The skin measurements were made on the first and tenth treatment days, before and after leaving the whole-body cryo-chamber. After a series of ten treatment sessions, the greatest decrease was observed in skin hydration and skin temperature. No significant differences were noted for lubrication and skin pH. The analysis showed statistically significant differences in skin parameters between all measurement locations; the upper and lower limbs responded more significantly than other parts of the body. It was also found that the facial skin was more lubricated and hydrated compared to other measuring locations. We conclude that various skin parts respond differently to low temperature. Cryotherapy causes a significant decrease in temperature and hydration of the skin whereas differences in pH and lubrication of the skin remain insignificant.

Title: Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on Glabellar Frown Lines Authors: Rappl T, Wurzer P, et al. Published: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, February 2019 Keywords: Botulinum toxin, wrinkles, toxin, ageing Abstract: We aimed at assessing static and dynamic effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on glabellar lines by use of an objective three-dimensional methodology. We prospectively collected threedimensional stereographic photographs of two different facial expressions (pre-treatment, 30 and 90 days’ post-treatment) in 21 patients, receiving a total of 20 units of BoNTA in both corrugator supercilii muscles. The primary endpoint was the three-dimensional static and dynamic surface irregularity, and secondary endpoints were the glabellar line scale and overall patient satisfaction. Blinded retrospective data analysis and statistical evaluation were performed with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Static glabellar lines (neutral facial expression) were significantly reduced by -17% and -24% on day 30 and 90 post-treatment, respectively (vs. pretreatment; both p<0.0001). Dynamic glabellar frown lines (firmest possible bilateral eye closure) demonstrated a reduction of surface irregularity by -26% and -21% on day 30 and 90 post-treatment, respectively (vs. pre-treatment; both p<0.0001). The subjective dynamic glabellar line scale documented a statistically significant improvement on day 30 post-treatment (mean±SD: 1.5±0.8; p<0.05) versus pre-treatment (2.8±1.0). Polled patients confirmed a subjective wrinkle improvement 90 days post-treatment. The presented setup detected even subtle changes of BoNTA treatment for facial wrinkling. Title: Anatomy of the Superficial Venous Structures of the Neck: A Cadaveric Study to Guide Superficial Injections Authors: Lee HJ, Ryu SY, et al. Published: Dermatologic Surgery, February 2019 Keywords: Superficial venous, neck, dermal fillers, cadaver, veins Abstract: The aims of this study were to identify the locations and communication patterns of the anterior jugular vein and external jugular vein (AJV and EJV) and the communicating vein (CV) based on superficial anatomical landmarks and to determine dangerous areas for dermal filler injections into the neck. Thirty sides of the neck from Korean adult cadavers were dissected for this study. Four anatomical variants were identified. In Type Ia, the CV ran along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) (33.4%); in Type Ib, a single vein was observed connecting the CV and the EJV at the level of laryngeal prominence (23.3%); in Type Ic, the CV proceeded separately from the medial side of the anterior border of the SCM (13.3%); and in Type II, the CV was absent while the EJV and AJV were observed (30%). Given the four anatomical variants identified in this study, the authors recommend exerting caution when performing dermal filler injections approximately 10, 30, and 60mm lateral to the midsagittal line to avoid iatrogenic side effects.

Title: Effects of Lactobionic Acid Peel, Aluminum Oxide Crystal Microdermabrasion, and Both Procedures on Skin Hydration, Elasticity, and Transepidermal Water Loss Authors: Algiert-Zielińska B, Mucha, P et al. Published: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, January 2019 Keywords: Microdermabrasion, chemical peel, hydration, Abstract: Topical applications of alpha-hydroxy acids and poly hydroxy acids in the form of peels gained popularity. To enhance the effect of these substances, aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion can be used in one procedure. The assessment of skin hydration, elasticity, and TEWL after using lactobionic acid in the form of 20% peel and lactobionic acid in the form of 20% peel combined with aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion. The study involved 20 Caucasian female subjects. Six treatments were performed at weekly intervals, using the Split face method – 20% LA was used on the left side of the face and aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion followed by 20% LA application on the right side of the face. Corneometric measurement showed statistically significant differences between the hydration level for sessions 1 and 3 and 1 and 6. A higher hydration level was found on the side with the combined procedure. Tewametric measurement showed that the TEWL values were different for sessions 1 and 3 and 1 and 6 – they decreased. There were no statistically significant differences between the two procedures. The cutometric measurement indicated statistically significant differences between skin elasticity for pairs in session 1 and 3 and 1 and 6. The results of the study indicate that the combination of LA peel with microdermabrasion increases its moisturising effect and improves skin elasticity. The use of both procedures also contributed to the decrease in TEWL; however, greater exfoliation of the epidermis in combined procedures resulted in slightly higher TEWL values.