North Star Home Care featuring Addison Care for an additional layer of support for your loved ones.
See pages 4 & 5 for additional information
North Star Home Care: A commitment to compassionate care
When MaryAnn Pastalone was 14, she would take a bus from her Upper Darby home to Havertown on the weekends so that she could help care for her ailing grandmother. It was then that she saw firsthand the many challenges a family can face when trying to provide the care that a loved one needs and deserves—and she started to understand the importance of quality caregiving. The experience of caring for a loved one sparked Pastalone’s interest in nursing—and a personal commitment to compassionate care that would shape her career.
Today, Pastalone is the owner and director of North Star Home Care, a Chadds Ford-based agency that brings quality care to the comfort of your own home.
“Our loved ones are the most important part of our lives and when they are in need, we do everything in our power to ensure they get the care they need and deserve,” Pastalone explained. She pursued a career in nursing—but not right out of high school.
In 1988, she married her best friend, Louie, and soon they started a family that would grow to include four daughters. MaryAnn and Louie were busily and happily raising their two
oldest daughters and she was pregnant with their third child when he was diagnosed with a rare genetic cancer that originated in his colon. He underwent numerous surgeries and sometimes battled two or three stages of cancer at a time. He fought cancer courageously for more than a decade—and MaryAnn was right by his side, raising the children and performing the essential role of lead caregiver. When Louie went onto hospice, she learned how invaluable the bond is between not only caregiver and patient, but the entire household—wife, daughters and even their dog. This experience enhanced Pastalone’s understanding of how valuable and critically important it is to have competent and compassionate caregivers providing care to families during difficult times.
“I know the rewarding effects on the patient and their family when you have caregivers who know the importance of building meaningful relationships, and who are compassionate and good at their jobs,” she explained.
After her husband passed away, and with the help of a life insurance policy from his employer, Pastalone started work making her dream of becoming a nurse a reality. She became a registered nurse and went on to obtain her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree.
She worked with pediatric patients for a time and found that extremely rewarding, but there was no real growth, so she ventured off to a senior living community and each care-giving experience she had led her on a path to start North Star Home Care.
Courtesy image
Courtesy photo
Some of North Star’s Bright Stars; Yami, Laura, Cathy and Danitra.
“I decided to start my own agency so that my clients could be treated the way they deserved— with humanity, dignity, and compassion,” she said.
That starts with the North Star staff. Pastalone explained that they do extensive background checks and interviewing to ensure that each team member understands and is guided by the principles of integrity, compassion, a commitment to care, and respect.
North Star Home Care works with clients, their families, and health care teams in Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties. The agency provides non-medical, in-home care to seniors, disabled adults, those recovering from surgery, an injury, or an illness, and anyone who just needs help with activities that are a part of their daily routine. The highly trained caregivers help the clients to preserve their independence and maintain control of their daily living as much as possible. Home care can help prevent or postpone the need for institutional care and is a more affordable and beneficial option to consider because it allows clients to remain in place and to continue doing the activities that they enjoy.
The personal care provided by North Star Home Care takes many forms. Caregivers can help provide personal care assistance, help with showering, dressing, ambulatory assistance, meal planning and preparation, pet care, light housekeeping services, taking clients to doctors’ appointments and running errands. The caregivers also assist with Alzheimer’s and dementia care and provide respite care when it is needed. North Star’s registered nurses can provide RN Navigation Care for those clients who have family members living out of state, or their families can’t get away from their many responsibilities. The RNs will make doctor’s appointments and drive clients to those appointments, take vital signs, perform physical therapy exercises with them, and so much more. They act as a liaison between client, family and physicians and can help alleviate family caregiver burnout. Recently, North Star Home Care has gone “hybrid” by being the first home care agency in the region to work with Electronic Caregiver’s Addison Care, a virtual caregiver that will be there to provide 24/7 monitored medication reminders, activity check-ins, vitals reminders and monitoring, fall detection, and 24/7 emergency response. Electronic Caregiver’s state-of-theart virtual caregiver, Addison, opens up a world of health care possibilities, including multiple layers of teams watching out for your well-being via health coaches, a variety of supportive care
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options, and 24/7 emergency on-demand physician and mental health care for up to 7 family members with Pocket MD.
With the North Star Home Care team and the benefits of Addison Care, clients and their family caregivers have the peace of mind of knowing that they are always getting the care that they need when they need it. With North Star’s caregivers and Addison Care always there when they leave, our loved ones can be connected and protected 24 hours a day. Care is always at the core of everything that North Star Home Care does.
“I know how important it is for a caregiver to be properly trained and knowledgeable and to build a bond with the patient and family as we had caregivers coming into our home while raising four young daughters,” Pastalone said. “I was a caregiver first, then a nurse, and I had the experience of caregivers coming into my home, so, you could say that I understand the dynamics full circle. I hire people that I wouldn’t mind taking care of my own family members.”
North Star Home Care is located at 330 Kennett Pike, Suite 103 in Chadds Ford. For a free consultation, call North Star Home Care at 484-414-2800 or email them at contact@ northstarhomecarellc.com.
Courtesy
MaryAnn Pastalone with her assistant (and daughter) Ali and two of the North Star Home Care caregivers, Gloria on the left and Yami on the right, who were both nominated for the Pennsylvania Home Care Association’s Caregiver of the Year in 2025.
Staying on Schedule
Unfortunately, some tend to think of a doctor’s visit only in terms of sickness or injury.
While it’s important to seek prompt medical attention in those cases, regular well visits and health screenings play an essential role in sustaining overall health. Don’t underestimate the importance of these periodic checkups. Schedule at least one appointment each year,
regardless of how healthy you feel. Many insurance plans cover these visits, and Medicare often provides them at no charge.
PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION
Well visits help doctors spot concerning health
trends and diagnose unseen problems. Both are key to averting health issues down the road. During these sessions, healthcare professionals perform tests that offer a detailed overview of your current status. The consultation typically involves reviewing your
medical history, as well as physical assessments and routine screenings. By the end of the appointment, you’ll have established vital health benchmarks. They’ll be referenced and regularly monitored to minimize your risks of illness or other future complications. Visits
may include things like mammograms, mental health evaluations and checks for colorectal cancer. Doctors then make key recommendations or prescribe medication as needed.
OVERALL WELL-BEING
In addition to illness prevention and treatment, well visits help with patients’ overall health. Your healthcare provider will
talk about better lifestyle practices during your visit, including exercise, stress management, nutrition and mental health. These visits may include vaccinations that are meant to protect you and your community from preventable illnesses. As needed, you could receive advice on weight management, smoking cessation or other tailored recommendations. In the end, you’ll have a customized
plan that encourages healthier behaviors and improves your quality of life.
WHAT TO TALK ABOUT
Establishing and maintaining a straightforward, honest relationship with your healthcare provider is vitally important. The end result of these regular well visits should be a complete picture of your health and lifestyle with action items based on
your specific health needs. You’ll be encouraged to voice any questions or concerns. Your doctor will offer personalized health guidance that fits your individual situation. During follow-up visits, discuss any changes you have experienced since the last appointment. Your medical recommendations may change over time with ageappropriate therapies and tests.
Learn About Acupuncture
Acupuncture comes from traditional Chinese medicine. That practice holds that the body’s vital energy, qi, flows along specific channels.
When qi is balanced, a person has spiritual, emotional and physical health. Acupuncturists believe the body has more than 2,000 acupuncture points linked through the channels on which qi flows.
In modern Western medicine, acupuncture is often used to stimulate the body’s system in conjunction with more conventional medical treatments.
The qi is unblocked when thin needles are pressed into the skin along certain points and activated using the provider’s hands or through electrical stimulation.
Johns Hopkins says acupuncture can be effective in treating conditions such as gastritis, hepatitis, hemorrhoids, anxiety and depression, insomnia, sinusitis and rhinitis, menstrual pain, arthritis,
back pain, neck pain, headaches and migraines, Parkinson’s disease, postoperative pain, stroke, male infertility, addiction and more.
The Cleveland Clinic says acupuncture needles are sterile and disposable and very thin, thinner than medical needles even. The provider will place needles at various depths and they may stay in for a few minutes or for as long as 20 minutes. Needles may be heated or electrified during treatment, and some patients report
feeling dull muscle aches or tingling, but usually very little pain. The Cleveland Clinic says the acupuncturist may ask you to report feeling deep heaviness or numbness, which usually indicates the treatment is working.
When choosing an acupuncturist, Johns Hopkins says to first discuss the practice with your health care provider. “Acupuncture is not for everyone,” the hospital says, adding to discuss any prescription and non-prescription medication you’re taking, along with any
risk factors, such as having a pacemaker, being at higher risk for infection, having chronic skin problems and more.
Acupuncturists should be appropriately licensed and certified; a good place to start is the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture. Some states have licensure for acupuncture practice, but others don’t require it, and not all acupuncturists are medical doctors. Insurance coverage is also spotty; check with your provider before booking an appointment.
Getting Serious About Diabetes
Millions of Americans have already been diagnosed, and the numbers keep going up.
The numbers are concentrated among people who are 45 and older and without a high school diploma, but they’re not alone: Most concerning are the hundreds of thousands of minors and young adults who have diabetes. If you’ve been diagnosed, effectively managing the disease is critically important to avoid serious complications. While much is still unknown about Type 1 diabetes, lifestyle changes and preventative therapies can help prevent Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease.
WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body erroneously attacks the beta cells that produce insulin. Insulin is a critical hormone that regulates the blood sugar level in our bodies. Without it, these levels can become dangerously high. While
genetics and environmental factors contribute to type 1 diabetes, the precise reasons behind this particular immune response remain unclear. Symptoms include unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, extreme hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, slow-healing wounds and blurred vision.
Type 1 is diagnosed when blood sugar levels are off and ketones are present in
urine. Ketones are byproduct produced when our body breaks down fat. There is no cure, and those who are diagnosed manage it with a lifetime of insulin therapy.
Type 2 diabetes is far more common, but also more preventable. Those at risk of Type 2 are encouraged to maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, manage stress, quit smoking, limit alcohol intake and get
enough sleep.
PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS
The good news is that there have been some big advancements in treatment for those with Type 1 diabetes. Automated insulin delivery systems have grown in usage. Researchers have narrowed down the specific proteins that are present in the beta cells of those who’ve been
diagnosed, leading to huge potential breakthroughs. Recently identified processes may improve accuracy when measuring blood glucose. As we’ve learned more, the American Diabetes Association has revised the standards for diabetes management. Certain medications, including metformin, can also help delay or even prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
Debunking Health Myths
Now more than ever, we’re surrounded by misleading or completely false information.
Blame, in some cases, goes to the internet. But many health myths go back much further, as stories handed down from generation to generation. Here’s a look at several very common — but completely wrong — health myths.
CATCHING A COLD
Perhaps you got caught in the rain. Or maybe, after a long day, you simply find it too exhausting to dry your hair after taking a shower. Heading to bed with damp hair will almost certainly result in messy hair in the morning — but it won’t lead to a cold. Experts say the temperature or moisture of your body doesn’t have anything to do with catching viruses like the common cold. There is one worry when it comes to going to bed with wet hair: Wet pillows are more likely to harbor bacteria so doctors say those who are prone to acne should frequently change their pillowcases.
WEIGHT WATCHERS
Being healthy involves a
variety of factors, with your body weight representing only one aspect. Doctors report that it’s not unusual to encounter patients who are thin and have lots of health problems. The reverse, of course, is also true. Plenty of overweight people are perfectly healthy. Body mass index alone does not indicate good health.
SUN EXPOSURE
For years, people believed that getting a so-called “base tan” before a beach outing would protect the skin from sunburn. Some people would even frequent tanning salons for this specific purpose. But skin requires much more than that to be protected. Experts say these kinds of tans may provide a sun protection factor of only 1 to 4. The minimum recommended SPF is 30. Any form of tanning heightens the risk of developing skin cancer and can accelerate skin aging.
FAT-BURNING ALTERNATIVES
There are plenty of supplements and foods
currently being promoted as fat-burning options. These claims have typically not been evaluated by actual doctors. The only reliable way to burn fat, encourage weight loss and boost metabolism is through exercise. There’s a direct correlation between
inactivity and negative health outcomes like heart disease. Diets focusing on limited food options or even a single item risk depriving your body of essential nutrients. Being physically active also strengthens our social connections.
Everything Your Health Needs
Concord Health Center
Feeling good about your health care is easier when you have a team focused on your wellbeing. That’s what makes ChristianaCare’s Concord Health Center special. From routine primary care checkups to a variety of specialty services, you can find everything your health needs all in one place.
Connect with our team to plan care for your overall wellbeing, including:
• Primary Care
• Women’s Health
• Sports & Lifestyle Medicine
• Behavioral Health (treating anxiety and depression)
• Imaging and Lab Services
• Plus many other types of specialty care
Expert care meets convenience, right here in Chadds Ford.
Call (610) 361-1030 or visit ChristianaCare.org/Concord to make an appointment.
Know Your Supplements
Store shelves are full of nutritional supplements claiming to help you lose weight, improve your memory, feel more energetic, build muscle and more.
And many supplements do have some benefits, but many more may not work as advertised.
It’s a lucrative market, too. UCHealth says Americans spend around $60 billion every year on supplements, a shockingly high number considering many of these supplements offer little to no evidence of whether they’re effective. Dietary supplements aren’t approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but they can be third-party tested by organizations as the NSF or USP.
Here are some supplements and the benefits they can — or cannot — provide, according to UCHealth.
ASHWAGANDHA
Ashwagandha is derived from a tropical evergreen and is an adaptogen, meaning it boosts resilience to stressors. Studies have shown it can reduce stress and improve sleep quality, UCHealth says. It isn’t recommended during pregnancy, breastfeeding or prior to surgery, and UCHealth experts don’t recommend it for people with an autoimmune condition.
COLLAGEN
Collagen is popular for fighting signs of aging in the skin, but it really does much more than that. UCHealth says there are 28
types of collagen that do all sorts of things in cartilage, muscles, arteries, hair and more. Vitamin C is crucial to building collagen-based structures and much of the research on the efficacy of collagen includes vitamin C that the average person may not have. UCHealth advises that, instead of supplements, aim for getting plenty of food rich in vitamin C, such as
cantaloupe, citrus, broccoli and dark, leafy greens.
GREEN POWDERS
Powdered greens or green powders have gone viral, but UCHealth experts recommend eating the real deal instead. It’s hard to track exactly what’s in the powdered greens, they say, including additives and sweeteners. Opt instead
for the whole food and a balanced diet.
MAGNESIUM
Magnesium supplements are popular on social media, but UCHealth says research is inconclusive on whether magnesium can help with leg cramps, insomnia or dementia. But it may treat and prevent migraine headaches, UCHealth says.
PROBIOTICS
Probiotics is an umbrella term for bacterial strains that support a healthy gut, UCHealth says, but it’s complicated. Different strains have different benefits, experts say, and health professionals can help choose the correct one. UCHealth doctors recommend a balanced diet instead.
Help With Your Health Goals
Technology has touched every facet of our lives — including wellness.
Recent innovations like cellphone apps, smart watches and fitness trackers have made it easier than ever to establish and reach individual health objectives. Whether your goal is to stay fit, lose weight or enhance your general wellbeing, there’s breakthrough technology to help you get there. Nowadays, we can even schedule and conduct some doctor visits online.
NUTRITION AND MEALPLANNING APPS
A balanced diet plays an essential role in achieving any health objective, whether you want to build muscle, lose weight or simply promote overall wellness. Applications now help users record their meals, record macronutrient levels and keep up with calorie consumption. Some of these programs even generate customized meal plans and shopping lists catering to individual dietary preferences or restrictions.
TRACKERS AND SMARTWATCHES
Among the newest and most sought-after tools are fitness trackers and smartwatches. These devices are worn on the body, where they keep tabs on a range of metrics, including calories burned, steps taken, heart rate and sleep patterns. Some measure additional indicators such as oxygen saturation. You can set daily targets like taking 10,000 steps or burning a specified number of calories, then maintain your own accountability with technology. Many trackers offer reminders to move after prolonged inactivity.
TELEHEALTH SERVICES
The era of obligatory doctor visits for all health issues is now behind us. Telehealth services have transformed healthcare accessibility, enabling patients to connect with healthcare professionals from the comfort of home. Whether you need guidance on a minor issue or are dealing with a chronic condition, online consultations can help without the inconvenience of traveling
across town. In addition to virtual consultations, many telehealth platforms provide secure messaging options that allow for on-the-go questions or prescription refills.
MENTAL HEALTH APPS
Health applications can assist with mental health, addressing issues with anxiety, stress and other challenges. Some fitness and wellness platforms provide guided meditation,
mindfulness practices and even therapy sessions. Many incorporate goalsetting tools and community features that let users engage with others who have similar objectives. You can log workouts while interacting with others, fostering a sense of camaraderie and friendly competition. Take part in challenges, motivate new friends and track your progress in the spirit of inspiration and accountability.
Cecil Vision Care
Joins Simon Eye Associates
Cecil Vision Care has long been a trusted part of the Elkton community, caring for generations of families with personalized, relationship-based eye care, now strengthened through its integration into Simon Eye Associates, a regional leader in comprehensive and medical eye care.
Cecil Vision Care remains at its familiar Elkton location, and longtime optometrist Dr. M. Kathleen Hutton, OD, continues to see patients.
With more than 40 years of experience, Dr. Hutton’s presence ensures continuity and the same trusted care patients have relied on for years.
As part of Simon Eye Associates’ growing network across Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, patients now benefit from expanded clinical resources, advanced technology, and a broader scope of services while keeping the same local care team they know. With Simon Eye locations in Bear and Newark within 10 miles, patients also gain convenient access to coordinated regional care.
Dr. M. Kathleen Hutton, OD
“Cecil Vision Care has been my life’s work,” said Dr. Hutton.
“Partnering with Simon Eye allows us to continue the personal care our patients expect, now supported by added clinical depth, technology, and long-term stability.”
Patients can continue to receive comprehensive eye care, including routine exams, medical eye care, pediatric services, and contact lens fittings.
Together, the team looks forward to serving more patients close to home.
Trusted local care, now backed by regional expertise.
Let’s Talk About Salt
Our diets now involve entirely too much sodium. It’s leading to chronic health issues.
Sodium, which is mainly present in salt, is everywhere it seems. You’ll find it in processed foods like snacks, fast foods and some deli meats. Today, experts say nearly every nation is regularly surpassing the suggested sodium intake levels. Some people are consuming up to twice the recommended amount. Health issues related to salt are becoming just as prevalent. Over time, too much sodium can lead to heart disease, strokes, high blood pressure, gastric cancer, obesity, kidney damage and osteoporosis.
FOCUS ON REDUCTION
One of the most effective ways to fight many chronic diseases is simply to reduce sodium intake. Sodium is essential for muscle function and fluid balance, but it can be like walking a tightrope. While sodium is helpful in lower dosages,
excessive intake of salt causes fluid retention. The result is swelling, or edema. Lowering your salt intake has an immediate beneficial effect on blood pressure. Water retention caused by high sodium levels increases blood volume and puts extra pressure on the heart.
WHY IT’S IMPORTANT
Controlling your sodium intake can help lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Blood pressure management is one of the most difficult issues to tackle because patients may not even notice when their levels are high. But elevated heart
rates over time can lead to a life-threatening medical episode. Excessive amounts of sodium can strain the kidneys, potentially causing separate long-lasting harm.
TAKING A NEW APPROACH
Worried about salt?
Develop a meal plan focused on fresh vegetables, lean proteins, fruits and whole grains. These foods will create a balanced, nutritious diet and are naturally low in sodium. Avoid snacks such as chips, pretzels, canned soups and frozen dinners, since they are usually high in sodium. Reducing your intake of these items
alone can greatly decrease your overall sodium consumption. Never add salt.
Be wary of processed and packaged items, as they frequently contain high levels of hidden sodium. Choose products that advertise lower sodium content. Consider serving sizes, as well. Rather than using salt, give your food a flavor boost with herbs, spices and other sodiumfree seasonings. By cooking your meals at home, you’ll be taking charge of your diet. That gives you control over the ingredients — including the amount of salt.
FOOT & ANKLE
Paul C. Kupcha, MD
Katherine M. Perscky, DPM
Patrick J. Ward, MD
HAND, WRIST & ELBOW
Matthew D. Eichenbaum, MD
Jeffrey C. Lynch, DO - Elbow Specialist
J. Douglas Patterson, MD
John M. Reynolds, MD
Peter F. Townsend, MD
JOINT REPLACEMENT
Steven M. Dellose, MD
Nick N. Patel, MD
James J. Rubano, MD
PLASTICS
Benjamin Cooper, MD
SHOULDER
Brian J. Galinat, MD
Jeffrey C. Lynch, DO
SPINE
Mark S. Eskander, MD
Akul S. Patel, MD
Selina Y. Xing, MD
SPORTS MEDICINE NON-OPERATIVE
Matthew K. Voltz, DO
SPORTS MEDICINE SURGEONS
Damian M. Andrisani, MD
Joseph J. Mesa, MD
Douglas A. Palma, MD
TRAUMA
Michael J. Principe, DO
Nicholas F. Quercetti, DO
David M. Tainter, MD
All About Joints
Joints are the flexible parts that connect bones in the body. Without them, we couldn’t bend and stretch.
Human joints are classified depending on how much they move: Synovial joints, such as elbows and hips, can move a lot. Cartilaginous joints move a little bit, such as in the spine. Fibrous joints don’t move. For instance,
the bones of the skull once moved but fuse together as children grow.
PARTS OF THE JOINT
Joints are made from different kinds of tissue. There are the bones, of
course, which connect through the joint. Ligaments connect those bones and tendons attach muscles to bones, controlling movement. Cartilage covers the surface of a bone at a joint and reduces friction
between the bones. Bursae are fluid-filled pods that help cushion bones where they meet. Lastly, the synovial membrane lines the joint and seals it into a capsule. It produces the synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
MOVING JOINTS
Joints move in several ways. Hinge joints, such as knees and elbows, usually only move in one direction. Pivot joints, such as the neck, allow for rotating or twisting motions. Ball-andsocket joints, as are found in the shoulders and hips, allow for movement in many directions. Condyloid joints have an egg-shaped bone that moves around in an
egg-shaped cavity. The jaw is an example of a condyloid joint. Saddle joints allow movement back and forth and side to side, but not rotation. The base of the thumb is a saddle joint. Gliding joints, such as the wrist and ankle, are made of bones that slide past each other.
JOINT INJURIES
With so many moving parts, it’s no wonder joints are easily
injured. One of the most common and least serious injuries to a joint is a sprain, which happens when the ligaments in a joint stretch or tear. Dislocations happen when a joint is knocked or pushed out of place. These injuries should be treated by a health care professional. Arthritis is a disease that causes damage to joints. Symptoms include swelling, stiffness and pain. Juvenile
idiopathic arthritis is found in children and many types of JIA are autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is also an autoimmune disease, but it can affect adults. The immune system attacks healthy joint cells and causes swelling and pain. Osteoarthritis is caused by repeated stress on a joint through getting injured or being overweight. It’s more common as people age.
Are You Vitamin Deficient?
A well-balanced diet is crucial for obtaining most of the nutrients necessary for good health.
Many people, however, suffer from deficiencies in vitamins and minerals largely due to a Western diet rich in processed foods. Below are some frequently encountered nutrient deficiencies.
IRON
Iron is vital for red blood cells, as it aids in oxygen transport. There are two forms of dietary iron: heme iron, predominantly found in red meat, and non-heme iron, which is available in both plant-based foods and meat. According to Healthline, iron deficiencies are widespread, affecting over 25% of individuals. Anemia, characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells, is the most prevalent result of insufficient iron levels. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, compromised immunity, and cognitive impairments. Foods rich in iron encompass red meat, organ meats, shellfish, canned sardines, beans, seeds and dark leafy greens.
VITAMIN D
Vitamin D acts similarly to a steroid hormone, circulating in the bloodstream and instructing cells on regulating gene expression. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the skin when exposed to sunlight. In the United States, around 42% of the population may experience a deficiency, as noted by Healthline. Lacking sufficient vitamin D can lead to muscle weakness, bone deterioration and a greater risk of fractures. Key sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, fatty fish and egg yolks.
CALCIUM
Calcium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in the growth and preservation of bones. Additionally, it functions as a signaling molecule, ensuring the heart, muscles and nerves operate properly. Fewer than 15% of teenage girls, under 10% of women aged over 50, and less than 22% of teenage boys and men older than 50 achieve the recommended calcium
intake levels. A deficiency in calcium may lead to softer, more brittle bones. Foods rich in calcium include fish with bones, dairy products and dark green vegetables.
MAGNESIUM
Magnesium is an essential mineral necessary for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions within the body. Healthline reports that nearly 70% of Americans younger than 71 and about
80% of those older than 71 do not consume adequate magnesium levels. Low magnesium intake is linked to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart disorders and osteoporosis. Severe magnesium deficiency symptoms can include irregular heart rhythms, muscle cramps, restless leg syndrome, fatigue and migraines. Whole grains, nuts, dark chocolate and dark green vegetables are excellent sources of magnesium.
Caring for a Wound
Give immediate attention to any injury to aid in healing and ward off infections.
If you suffer a serious wound, seek medical attention immediately. But you may need to address the injury before help arrives. Likewise, proper care for smaller injuries like scrapes or minor cuts can prevent them from escalating into a more significant issue.
CLEAN THE WOUND
With minor injuries, the initial focus is on properly cleaning the affected area. To reduce the chance of infection, wash your hands with soap and water before making contact with the injury. If possible, put on gloves. Use cool water to rinse the wound, clearing away dirt and bacteria. Use a clean cloth or sterile gauze to gently pat the area until it’s dry.
STOP THE BLEEDING
If your bleeding is moderate, apply gentle and steady pressure with a clean cloth or bandage for 5 to 10 minutes. Elevating the injured area above heart level can help stop the bleeding. If after
10 minutes of pressure the bleeding has not stopped or if the wound continues to ooze, seek immediate medical attention. This may signal a more severe injury that requires sutures. Apply an over-the-counter antibiotic ointment to reduce the risk of infection.
BANDAGING AND MEDICATION
Most minor wounds can be managed with a bandage or medical tape for better
coverage. This is essential for protecting the area from dirt and bacteria. Watch for symptoms indicating infection, including redness, swelling, warmth or pus. See a doctor if any of these symptoms occur. Change the dressing daily or more frequently if it becomes wet or dirty.
WHEN TO CALL A DOCTOR
If a fever develops or red streaks begin to extend from the wound, seek immediate
medical attention because these are signs of a serious infection. Certain wounds may require medical assistance that goes beyond home care. Get help if the wound is deep, exceeds half an inch in length, is caused by a dirty or rusty object, or if you have not received a tetanus shot within the past five years. Finally, if the wound is on the face or another sensitive region, you may need professional treatment to minimize scarring.
Valeda: New Treatment for Dry AMD
by Bruce Saran, MD
Introduction
Age-related Macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe central vision loss in older adults. While treatments for the less common wet form of AMD have revolutionized care, there were no treatment options for the more common dry form for decades. Photobiomodulation is an exciting new, non-invasive treatment option for dry AMD.
How AMD Affects the Retina and Macula
AMD damages the retina. If you think of your eye as a camera, the retina lines the back of the eye and functions like the film, sensing light and sending images to the brain. AMD specifically affects the macula—the central, most critical part of the retina responsible for sharpness and detail as well as color vision. When the macula is damaged, everyday activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces become increasingly difficult and, in many cases, impossible.
Dry AMD is more common and typically progresses slower than wet AMD. It affects roughly 80% of all AMD patients and can lead to central vision loss over many
months or years. In contrast, wet AMD causes faster and often more severe central vision loss, sometimes developing over just days or weeks.
Dry AMD and Current Treatments
Nearly all patients with AMD initially develop the “dry” form of the disease. In dry AMD, the macula develops accumulations of debris called drusen that form in the foundational layer. Over time, patients with dry AMD may develop more drusen and lose retinal tissue in the macula. This loss of macular tissue is called geographic atrophy (GA). When GA spreads in the central macula, central vision is lost as the macula gradually “wastes away” due to dry atrophy.
Doctors monitor patients with dry AMD for drusen formation and geographic atrophy (GA), as well as for signs of wet AMD, such as blood or fluid in the retina. When patients have early dry AMD in one or both eyes, they may take a twice-daily vitamin supplement formulated by the National Eye Institute. These supplements, studied in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS 1 and 2), have been shown to reduce the risk of progression of dry AMD by about 25%. However, AREDS supplements do not reduce the number or size of drusen, slow the growth of GA, or provide benefit in the treatment of wet AMD.
Understanding and Treating Wet AMD
In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow and leak within and beneath the foundation of the macula. This leakage of blood and fluid is what makes the condition “wet.” The leakage damages the macula and can ultimately lead to permanent scarring. Medications for wet AMD work by stopping abnormal blood vessel growth and reducing leakage to help limit further damage. Wet AMD is treated with drugs that are injected into the eye. These treatments can halt vision loss and, in many cases, even restore vision. Treatment plans are tailored to each patient with the goal of preventing leakage and further damage.
A New Treatment Option for Dry AMD
Until last year, there was no other treatment available for dry AMD beyond monitoring and AREDS supplements. After decades of retinal research, scientists discovered that light therapy, known as photobiomodulation (PBM), can stimulate retinal cells to enhance beneficial cellular activity, promote healing, and reduce inflammation. The FDA approved the Valeda® Light Delivery System (Valeda) PBM system in November 2024. Valeda PBM uses specific light wavelengths to improve retinal
cell function in the macula. The Valeda® Light Delivery System delivers three types of multiwavelength PBM treatments that act on retinal targets to improve overall retinal cell function and counter AMD-related disease processes.
What to Expect During Treatment
Valeda PBM is an in-office procedure that requires no preparation or anesthesia. Patients do not need eye drops or pupil dilation beforehand. Each treatment lasts 4 minutes and 10 seconds per eye, with the full session taking less than 10 minutes. The procedure is painless, and each eye is treated individually during the same visit. Patients receive nine treatments over 3–5 weeks, with this cycle typically repeated three times per year.
Clinical Evidence and Ongoing Research
Multiple clinical trials have evaluated the safety and benefits of Valeda PBM. After two years of treatment, most patients had stable or improved vision. Treated patients experienced a reduced number and area of drusen, slower progression of geographic atrophy, and a lower risk of vision loss. Importantly, Valeda PBM did not increase the likelihood of developing wet AMD. The system has been available in Europe for several years, and a larger study, EUROLIGHT, is currently underway to track outcomes in 500–1,000 patients across all stages of AMD. Valeda PBM provides patients with a new, painless option to help combat this vision-threatening disease. We are excited to now offer this groundbreaking treatment for Dry AMD patients at Chester County Eye Care. To find out if it’s right for you, visit us online at www.cceceye.com or call us at 610-696-1230.
Exercise Trends
The World Health Organization reports that 31% of adults and 80% of adolescents aren’t meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity.
If you fall into one of those groups, it’s time to make a change. Here are top trends in exercise from the American College of Sports Medicine to get you moving.
WEARABLE TECH
Wearable technology, such as watches and other gear, are gaining popularity for tracking the frequency and efficacy of exercise. “Wearables are getting smarter each year and it is important we leverage these enhancements to motivate and inform our clients,” says Cayla McAvoy, Ph.D., ACSMcertified exercise pathologist and author of the ACSM study.
MOBILE EXERCISE APPS
Mobile exercise apps are another trend that goes hand-in-hand with wearable tech. In 2023, the ACSM said there were a mind-boggling 850 million fitness app downloads by 370 million users.
“Wearable devices, mobile
apps and data-driven training methods will create avenues for reaching new clientele and elevating fitness experiences,” says A’Naja Newsome, Ph.D., ACSM-certified exercise pathologist and an author of the ACSM study.
FITNESS PROGRAMS FOR OLDER ADULTS
McAvoy says exercise can have a profound effect on improving the quality of life for older Americans. Exercise can boost mental well-being and lead to reduced risk of chronic illnesses, increased cognitive function and more independence, she adds.
“These programs cater specifically to the unique needs of older individuals, promoting strength, flexibility, balance and cardiovascular health through tailored exercises,” she says. “By focusing on these aspects, they not only improve physical capabilities but also bolster mental wellbeing and overall quality of life.”
EXERCISE FOR MENTAL HEALTH
Mental and physical health are connected, says Rachelle Reed, MS, Ph.D., ACSMcertified exercise pathologist and another author of the study.
“As clients seek solutions to effectively manage stress, reduce symptoms of anxiety and sleep better, exercise may be increasingly part of
a more holistic approach to supporting mental health,” Reed says.
Jennifer Heisz, Ph.D., told the ACSM that mental health can foster resilience in physical health.
Integrating that aspect into exercise training along with physical strength and stamina can help boost overall health and wellbeing.
The average adult is about 60% water, and it’s important that we drink plenty of fluids during the day to keep everything running smoothly.
Water helps transport oxygen and nutrients through the body; eliminates metabolic waste; absorbs muscle heat during exercise and dissipates it through the skin; regulates body temperature; helps digest food; lubricates joints and cushions organs and tissues; and supports healthy brain function.
EIGHT GLASSES OR NOT?
The University of Rochester Medical Center says drinking eight glasses of water per day is easy to remember, but it’s not always true. On hot and humid days, the university’s experts say we need to drink more. So will pregnant or breastfeeding women or people with other health conditions. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine recommends 92-124 ounces
Hydration Basics
of water daily for the average adult in a temperate climate. URMC suggests paying attention to your body to know when you need to drink up. In fact, being thirsty may already be a sign of dehydration.
SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION
Symptoms of dehydration can differ by age, the Mayo Clinic says.
For an infant or young child, look for:
• Urinating less than usual or no wet diapers for three hours
• Dry mouth
• No tears when crying
• Rapid heart rate
• Sunken eyes, cheeks or soft spot on top of the head
• Lacking energy or being cranky
• Skin that doesn’t flatten back right away after being pinched
Adults should watch for:
• Extreme thirst
• Urinating less
• Dark-colored urine
• Tiredness
• Dizziness
• Being confused
• Skin that doesn’t flatten back right away after being pinched
• Sunken eyes or cheeks
Mayo Clinic says dehydration can lead to serious complications, including heat cramps, heat
exhaustion and heatstroke; urinary and kidney problems, such as infections and kidney stones; seizures; low blood volume shock, which can be deadly. Drinking more fluids can usually help with mild cases of dehydration, but severe dehydration needs emergency medical treatment.
Seek medical attention, the Mayo Clinic says, if someone:
• Has had diarrhea for 24 hours or more.
• Is cranky or confused.
• Is sleepier or less active than usual.
• Can’t keep down fluids or has bloody or black stool.
• Has a fever of 102 degrees or higher.
Understanding Allergies
Allergies are what happens when a body’s immune system overreacts to something that’s not usually harmful, causing a range of symptoms that sometimes depend on the level of exposure to the allergen.
Coming into contact with something you’re allergic to — an allergen — activates the body’s mechanisms meant to protect you from harm.
COMMON ALLERGENS
People can be allergic to almost anything, but some common allergens are bee stings, insect bites, dust mites, food allergies, medication allergies, mold, pet hair and dander, poison ivy and other plants, pollen and more. Usually, the Cleveland Clinic says, patients must be exposed to a substance more than once before the body reacts to it. The first time someone is exposed, the body sees the allergen as foreign and creates antibodies to it.
Upon the next exposure, the body activates the antibodies, triggering allergic symptoms.
ALLERGY SYMPTOMS
Exposure to an allergen can cause a wide range of symptoms, including a skin rash or hives, itchy skin, sneezing, runny nose, cough, wheezing, watery or itchy eyes, swelling, difficulty breathing or swallowing, vomiting or diarrhea, or low blood pressure. Symptoms may vary depending on how long someone is near an allergen. Generally, the
allergy lasts as long as the patient is exposed to the allergen, but some allergies, such as the rash from poison ivy, can last weeks.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergy symptom and requires immediate medical attention. Signs of anaphylaxis include a drop in blood pressure; narrowing of the airways, causing difficulty breathing; a rapid, weak pulse; a skin rash; nausea and vomiting. It can be fatal. Anaphylaxis is treated by an injection of epinephrine and a follow-up emergency health care visit.
DIAGNOSING AND TREATING ALLERGIES
Health care providers diagnose allergies with skin and blood tests. Depending on the suspected allergies, providers may recommend breathing tests, drug or food challenges, or patch tests that look at skin reactions.
Allergies are treated, by and large, by avoiding the allergen, especially if one of the symptoms is anaphylaxis. Some medications, such as antihistamines or steroid sprays, can help treat the symptoms of allergies.
Jenny Chen
Before Visiting a Nutritionist
A nutritionist is a health care professional that uses food to improve health and prevent and manage disease.
Dietitians, on the other hand, must take exams and earn board dietitians. While all registered dietitian nutritionists are nutritionists, Washington State University says, not all
nutritionists are dietitians.
“Nutrition is the specialty that can help every other specialty,” UCLA’s Dr. Vijaya Surampudi says. “Nutrition is so broad, it plays a role in any disease or specialty you
can think of.”
The first appointment with a nutritionist, Triborough GI says, is usually an initial consultation. During this appointment, the nutritionist may ask about
dietary habits, medical history and lifestyle. Followup appointments are typically shorter and check in on progress and adjust the diet as needed.
A nutritionist may conduct
a physical examination and body composition analysis to help determine a patient’s needs and goals. They will analyze eating habits, including when and where the patient eats and any emotional or psychological factors affecting diet. Nutritionists may provide education and counseling to help patients understand how to use their personal strengths to help
with change.
“It’s one thing to take a medication and call it control,” Dr. Surampudi says. “It’s another thing to make healthy choices, to actually take control of your life. That has a huge impact on a patient’s quality of life and how they view themselves.”
Certified nutritionists can help manage dietary conditions such as diabetes,
heart disease and obesity to mitigate the effects of these diseases or even prevent them. They can plan meals for special groups of patients, such as pregnant women, the elderly and athletes. Surampudi says her goal, in the long run, is to help patients help themselves. She and other nutritionists can create tailored nutrition plans and even prescribe medications
if needed, as she has completed medical training. Seeing a nutritionist tends to be a long-term process. Dr. Surampudi says she helps her patients understand and accept what they put in their bodies affects overall wellness, disease outcomes and disease risks.
“Nutrition is a longterm commitment,” she says. “There’s no instant gratification.”
Diet and Your Teeth
When you think of food and oral health, brushing and flossing always come to mind. But
what’s in
the food itself can play a significant role, too.
Obviously, food and drinks with high sugar content increase our chances of suffering from gum disease and tooth decay. But there are other dietary tips that can help us all to better oral health. Check out this list of food impacts before making the next grocery list.
PLAN A HEALTHY DIET
Consider eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein like chicken or fish. Try to avoid snacking, and not just because of the empty calories. Well-balanced meals help with saliva production, deemed the mouth’s first line of defense by the American Dental Association.
SALIVA’S ROLE
Saliva helps wash leftover food from our teeth and mouth, and dilutes acids
found in food and drinks that can impact our dental health. More saliva is released while eating a full meal than with a quick snack. Also, make sure you drink plenty of water through the course of the day. This helps balance our any bouts with dry mouth when the supply of saliva runs low.
HOW YOU’RE IMPACTED
Having poor dental hygiene can lead to gingivitis; hardened tartar creates gum inflammation. Periodontal disease is particularly dangerous for those who are
or want to become pregnant, since they are far more likely to deliver babies either very early or at a low birth weight. Both issues can have longterm health issues for the child. Regular brushing, flossing and professional cleanings can help stave off the effects of periodontal disease, which infects the pockets around the roots of our teeth. The gums then pull away from the tooth, causing them to loosen and fall out. But what you eat can have a notable impact, as well.
WHAT TO EAT
Diet plays a key role in avoiding periodontal disease, a serious issue with the gums that can lead to the loss of your teeth. Foods with vitamin A, like leafy vegetables, eggs and broccoli, help bolster oral wellness. Eating things with lots of vitamin C, including many fruits and vegetables, can also have a positive impact. Studies show that the antioxidant melatonin — found in cereals, but also available as a supplement — is also beneficial for those hoping to improve their periodontal health.
