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However, no further studies are related to decision intervention, decision feedback, system evaluation and risk evaluation in theory method of parallel management principle. Therefore, this paper focuses on parallel management, and applies its ideas and methods to the process of management decisions and evaluations. Through the comparative studies, Parallel management decision support system (PMDDS) is developed on the basis of JEE and former researches (Wang, 2004). Furthermore, operational problems in the practice of parallel management are solved.
for simulation and optimization so as for system adjustment and optimization, which is just lacked for PMS’ studies. Management decision is comparatively popularized and DSS is widely applied by enterprises since 1970s (Yunfeng, 2011). In order to undertake artificial system, scientific evaluation and system optimization in complicated enterprises’ management strategies, Parallel management ideas and methods should be implemented in DSS and evaluation. Meanwhile, evaluation system in management decision and parallel implement system should be combined closely so that Parallel Management Decision Support System (PMDDS) can be established, which can offer theoretical guidance and application tools. On the basis of such system, subjective decisions can be changed into computationally evaluated, simulated, executable, testable and adjustable system structure and promote management decision’s development.
METHODOLOGY The study principle and methods of parallel management are put forward by Chinese Science Academy Automatic Institute which combines artificial intelligence with control management. It is a theoretic system which establishes model according to artificial systems, stimulates with computers and undertakes in parallel way. As a framework, parallel management is suitable for model establishment, analysis, control and management for complicated systems. Generally, we name it as parallel management if ACP theory is applied into complicated production system. When ACP theory is put into practice, usually, it is processed as follows:
Parallel management in management decision, evaluation mechanism and work process
1. Establish a suitable model system and form artificial system’s framework. 2. Use computing simulative method and software technology to design corresponding computational way. Besides, computer experiment simulation is adopted to analyze practical system and study its disciplines. 3. Artificial system and real system execute in a parallel way and control the practical situation.
Regarding studies on management decision, different scholars put forward different theories and methods due to their own interests, experiences, behavior preferences and so on. Generally, modern management decision is established based on numbers of scientific methods. It formulates by logistic decisions or implement of certain mathematical model algorithm. However, the key point for decision origins from practice. If the decision-maker has a higher macro control of the decision objects, the decision results will be more scientific. Quantitive methods usually formulate based on certain mathematical model while the mathematical model needs certain variables and impact factors. The most difficult step in modern management decision is to select models and decision factors. In reality, many models may be adopted to carry out the self-adapting comparison. But it is far way from management decision’s requirements. As per Simon’s theory (Simon 2012), management decision and evaluation can be divided into four procedures.
System based on ACP can be expressed as Figure 1. Modern management decision method is an essential technology in the manufacturing and organizing of modern large-scale enterprises. In order to improve management performance and realize high coordination as well as reasonable allocation of resources, it is widely used in practical production. Certain evaluations will follow the application of management decisions. Through the evaluation of causality and management decision performance, and adjustment of methods and process, the management decision will be optimized. In the whole process, it will relate to management decision items, decision schedule, system execution and evaluation of results. Decision support system (DDS) is produced by management decision itself while modern computer method is adopted. It also uses practical data, data model and knowledge system to supply the decision-makers with environment for analyzing problems, setting up models and simulating decisions and help them improve their decision standard and quality. The structure of modern DSS is shown in Figure 2. Obviously, we can find the following problems after comparing the system principles of property management system (PMS) with DSS: 1. DSS is fit for those topics with medium complexity while PMS has a wider applicability. 2. DSS only contains computer model guidance while no artificial system. It applies partial functions in computational simulation of PMS. 3. After PMS is in parallel process, interference factors are needed
As mentioned previous, it is a must to set up a systematic work mechanism when parallel management method is applied in management decision. Besides, its work process should be structured so that PMDDS can be formed.
Management decision and evaluation mechanism based on parallel management
1. Intelligence activities. 2. Design activities. 3. Selection activities. 4. Evaluation activities. Actually, management decision activity is a coherent activity no matter it is social system or enterprise system. It desires continuous decisions, adjustments and optimizations. In the light of management viewpoint from complicated systems, management decision activity is partially optimized and simulated. Parallel management principle requires study artificial system firstly, which is a little different from management decision method based on numbers. Management decision often focuses on one model and one management decision item. However, parallel management has systematic continuity. It gives consideration to complicated system’s diversity and its changeable laws. If we put principles and methods of parallel management into management decision, a management decision and evaluation mechanism will be formulated on the basis of parallel management.