كتاب الموانئ الليبية دراسة في الجغرافية الاقتصادية لل

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‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺯﻟﺘﻴﻥ)‪(1‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭﺍﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﺯﻟﻴﺘﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻟﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ)‪(2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺫﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻟﺏ‬

‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺭﻗﻠﺔ ﺭﺴﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺭﺏ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻴﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‪ ،‬ﺼﻭﺭﺓ )‪.(2‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﺭﺍﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪70-50‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﺭ)‪(4‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺼﻭﺭﺓ )‪.(3‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻟﻴﺘﻥ)‪(3‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻴﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺒل ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺒﺎﹰ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﺭﺍﺘﺔ ﻭﺯﻟﻴﺘﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل )‪. (5‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻁﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻬل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺤﺘﺕ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻭﺍﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﻴﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺏ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻜﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺨﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺨـﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫‪(1)British Admiralty, chart, 3353 . Taunton. 1992.‬‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺎﹰ "ﺘﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺘﺴﺘﻐل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺴـﻘﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺎﺯل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺏ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻁﺭﻴﺢ ﺸﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.93‬‬

‫‪(4)British Admiralty, Mediterranean pilot, op. cit. p 69.‬‬

‫)‪ (5‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻁﺭﻴﺢ ﺸﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪.92‬‬

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