Figure 1.11 Angola: Production
2.0
mmbpd
1.5 1.0
20…
20…
20…
20…
20…
20…
19…
19…
19…
19…
19…
19…
19…
19…
19…
0.0
19…
0.5
Source: Based on data from BP 2011;. Note: mmbpd = million barrels per day.
One problem with the above targets and measurement mechanism is that it does not consider the Angolanization rate by occupation. Triggered by that and upcoming petroleum developments, in 2002 the Ministry of Petroleum launched the first study in the country that looked at the labor demand across the oil value chain by occupation. Findings from the study showed that Angolanization rates are lower in upstream engineering occupations, and that the overall rate was 91 percent (Table 1.14). Table 1.14 Labor Distribution and Angolanization Rate by Occupation along the Oil Value Chain, 2002 Upstream
Downstream
Total
% Angolan
15
7,105
84
5
2,166
87
23
o
564
62
119
4
824
83
90
6
684
77
Angolan
Expatriates
Angolan
Expatriates
Technical
5,373
1,147
570
Operations
1,550
273
338
Marine operations
327
214
Mechanical
563
138
Electrical/Instruments.
434
154
Welding/Piping
2,023
348
0
0
2,371
85
Construction
476
20
0
0
496
96
Engineering
695
783
86
6
1,570
50
Operations
71
190
59
3
323
40
Marine operations
7
85
3
0
95
11
Mechanical
62
77
11
1
151
48
Electrical/Instruments.
97
81
13
2
193
57
Engineering
171
94
265
65
Geology/Geoscience
187
111
298
63
100
145
245
41
1,631
183
2,152
91
Surveying Finance and administration
336
2
Other
3,427
394
932
16
4,769
91
Total
11,126
2,507
1,924
39
15,596
84
Source:Adapted from Mangueira 2004.
A view of the Angolanization rates in upstream operations between administrative and technical occupations by job grade, presented in Table 1.15, shows that administrative occupations achieved higher rates.10 The rates across the various administrative occupations are consistent with the average by job grade.
10
For details on Angolanization rates by occupation, refer to Mangueira (2004).
34