WORLD VIEW
1dd
Progress toward reversing the HIV epidemic Share of countries making progress against HIV/AIDS (percent)
Halted and reversed Stable low prevalence
Halted or reversed Not improving No data
100
Protecting children from malaria
1ff
First observation (2000 or earlier)
Most recent observation (2006 or later)
Swaziland Mauritania Côte d’Ivoire Guinea
50
Congo, Rep. Comoros 0
Burkina Faso Chad Somalia
50
Cameroon Central African Republic
100 East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Latin America Middle East Central Asia & Carib. & N. Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: World Bank staff calculations.
Zimbabwe Angola Benin Mozambique
The Millennium Development Goals call for halting and then reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015. The progress assessment shown here is based on prevalence rates for adults ages 15–49. Countries that have a declining prevalence rate since 2005 are assessed to have halted the epidemic; those that have a prevalence rate less than their earliest measured rate have reversed the epidemic. Countries that have a prevalence rate of less than 0.2 percent are considered stable. Countries that have a prevalence rate greater than 0.2 percent and that have neither halted nor reversed the epidemic are shown as not improving.
Sudan Sierra Leone Liberia Ghana Nigeria Senegal Uganda Ethiopia Namibia Guinea-Bissau Congo, Dem. Rep. Burundi Madagascar
1ee
Turning the tide of tuberculosis
Kenya Eritrea
Tuberculosis incidence and prevalence rates (per 100,000 people)
Gambia, The
500
Low income, prevalence
Zambia Lower middle income, prevalence
Gabon
400
São Tomé and Príncipe Malawi
300
Low income, incidence
Togo Tanzania
Lower middle income, incidence
200
Niger
Upper middle income, prevalence
Rwanda
100 Upper middle income, incidence
0
0 1990
Mali
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
25
50
75
Use of insecticide-treated nets (percent of population under age 5) Source: World Health Organization and World Development Indicators database.
Source: World Health Organization and World Development Indicators database.
Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of adult deaths from a single infectious agent in developing countries. The data shown here illustrate the association of tuberculosis with poverty. The incidence rate is three times higher in low-income economies than in upper middle-income economies. The number of new tuberculosis cases peaked in 2004, and prevalence rates are also declining, but the targets of halving the 1990 prevalence and death rates by 2015 are unlikely to be met.
Malaria is endemic in most tropical and subtropical regions, but 90 percent of malaria deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Those most severely affected are children under age 5. Even those who survive malaria do not escape unharmed. Repeated episodes of fever and anemia take a toll on mental and physical development. Insecticide-treated nets have proved to be an effective preventative, and their use has grown rapidly. Between 2008 and 2010, 290 million nets were distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa. But coverage remains uneven. In some countries with large numbers of reported cases, use of nets for children remains at less than 20 percent. 2012 World Development Indicators
13