ANNEX 1: LITERATURE REVIEW
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• Emphasis of most studies on natural disasters, with less attention on gradual changes in weather induced by climate change, which have a less immediate but more drastic long-term impact on human populations. • Most analysis on climate impact assessments and cities being focused on coastal cities, neglecting inland cities where, for instance, a heat-island effect, cold waves, and droughts may be more pronounced. • Limited literature on housing and sector-specific provision of services for the urban poor in the context of climate change and DRR. • Limited current knowledge on basic services and how they can help reduce the vulnerability of the urban poor, especially in operational terms. Sample topics include how better services can be provided to the poor, given climate change impacts; which sectors require priority interventions; how bottomup collaborative policy making may be blended with existing scientific know-how; and what financing mechanisms can be drawn on. • As pointed out by the IPCC (2007), scholars’ lack of attention to the uncertainties associated with climate change and its implications for the human populations, let alone the urban poor.
References African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, U.K. Department for International Development, DGDev, BMZ, MinBuza, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Bank. 2009. Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation. Baker, Judy. 2008. Urban Poverty: A Global View. Washington, DC: World Bank. ———, R. Basu, M. Cropper, S. Lall, and A. Takeuchi. 2005. “Urban Poverty and Transport: The Case of Mumbai.” Policy Research Working Paper 3683, World Bank, Washington, DC. Bicknell, Jane, David Dodman, David Satterthwaite, eds. 2009. Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Understanding and Addressing the Development Challenges. London: Earthscan. Bin, O., J. Brown Kruse, and C.E. Landry. 2008. “Flood Hazards, Insurance Rates, and Amenities: Evidence from the Coastal Housing Market.” Journal of Risk and Insurance 75 (1): 63–82. Bin, Okmyung, and Stephen Polasky. 2004. “Effects of Flood Hazards on Property Values: Evidence before and after Hurricane.” Land Economics 80 (4): 490–500. Birkmann, et al. 2009. Addressing the Challenge: Recommendations and Quality Criteria for Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change. DKKV Publications Series 38. Bonn: German Committee for Disaster Reduction. Centre for Urban Studies, MEASURE Evaluation, and National Institute of Population Research and Training. 2006. Slums of Urban Bangladesh: Mapping and Census, 2005. Dhaka: Centre for Urban Studies.