424
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INDEX
Dominican Republic, women migrants from, 85 Dubai World, 80n3, 384 Durbin-Watson tests, 98 Dustmann, C., 287n13 Dybvig, P., 55, 56 E East Asia and Pacific. See also specific countries global financial crisis impact on, 37 migration, 121, 123, 133 remittance trends in, 28 Eckstein, Susan, 3 Economically Active Population Survey (Spain), 265n5 economic development in Albania, 239 Asian financial crisis impact on, 155 in El Salvador, 20 in EU, 221–22f, 221–23 global financial crisis impact on, 36–37 in Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 67, 69–70, 70t remittance flows and, 103n2, 286n4 in South Asia, 37 in Vanuatu, 325, 327t Ecuador EU immigration policies for, 258 migration, 256–57f remittance flows, 255, 259, 262 women migrants from, 257, 260, 261t education financial, 322–23 of Lebanese migrants, 371 of Mexican migrants, 204–7t remittance receipts linked to, 24, 25, 120n5, 262 in UK, 228 of women migrants, 86, 90 Egypt, Arab Rep. global financial crisis impact on, 368, 369 migration, 83 nonresident deposit schemes in, 111 remittance flows, 366, 367, 368t, 379, 380t, 384, 385, 385t
securitization of future remittance flows in, 132 elasticity-based forecasting approach, 27–28 electronic cash transfers, 321, 372, 372f El Salvador global financial crisis impact on, 183– 92, 184f, 187–89f remittance flows, 20, 183–92, 187–89f securitization of future remittance flows in, 132, 135n21, 191 E-Money Directive (EU), 225 Employment-Based Permanent Migration program (U.S.), 47 employment structure. See labor markets English language skills, 360 entrepreneurship, 24, 58, 337 Ethiopia, remittance flows to, 286 ethnic conflict, 289 European Commission, 222, 225n6 European Commission Accession Treaty, 227 European Pact on Immigration and Asylum (2008), 258 European Union global financial crisis impact on, 216– 17, 219–23, 220–21f immigration policies in, 258 migration, 339 remittance flows, 4, 215–25, 265n2 to Lebanon, 371 projections for, 222–23, 222f trends in, 217–19, 217–18f, 218–19t vulnerability of destination regions, 223–24, 223–24t unemployment in, 221 Eurostat, 221, 282 exchange rates global financial crisis impact on, 217 remittance flow forecasts and, 5, 29, 112, 115, 144, 167, 168f, 262, 282, 285–86, 340, 345, 372–73 South Africa’s remittance flows and, 360–61 South Asia’s remittance flows and, 79 Sub-Saharan Africa’s remittance flows and, 339