14. IMPACTS OF THE CRISIS ON BANGLADESH MIGRANTS AND THEIR FAMILIES
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TABLE 14.2 Receiving Remittances from Migrants Manikganj
Gazipur
Hobiganj
Total
Receiving remittances
Before During Before During Before During Before During
Percentage of households
98.6
Percentage change
86.5
94.6
−12.1
93.2
93.8
89.2
−1.4
95.8
89. 7
−4.6
−6.1
Hobiganj
Total
Source: Authors’ calculations.
TABLE 14.3 Average Amount of Remittances Received Manikganj
Gazipur
Remittances received
Before
Before
During
Before
Average (taka)
137,608 132,403 138,806 157,286 201,593
84,466
156,444 127,077
Percentage change
During
Before
−3.78
During
13.31
−58.10
During
−18.77
Source: Authors’ calculations.
crisis. About 87 percent of the households receiving remittances on a monthly basis before the crisis also received remittances on a monthly basis after the crisis (table 14.4). The figure for those receiving remittances every other month is 77 percent, four times a year almost 60 percent, and twice a year 67 percent. All of them received remittances less frequently during or after the crisis.
TABLE 14.4 Frequency of Remittances Received before and during the Crisis percentage of households Remittances during the crisis Remittances before the crisis
Monthly
Every other month
86.96
4.35
Every other month
0.00
77.42
Four times a year
0.00
2.47
Monthly
Four times a year
Twice a year
Once a year
Other
0.00
4.35
4.35
8.06
6.45
0.00
8.06
59.26
25.93
6.17
6.17
0.00
Twice a year
0.00
0.00
6.67
66.67
13.33
13.33
Once a year
0.00
0.00
0.00
50.00
33.33
16.67
14.29
14.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
71.43
Other
Source: Authors’ calculations.
The crisis seems to have increased the use of formal channels such as bank and money transfer institutions and reduced the use of informal channels such as hundi