Channels of and Constraints to Technology Absorption
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Table 2C.7 New to Market versus New to Firm Variable Micro Medium Large Mining Manufacturing Exports indicator Any intellectual property rights R&D Financial constraints Any public support Cooperation on innovation Foreign subsidiary Nonsubsidiary Percent of total employees with higher education greater than 25 percent Acquisition of machinery and equipment Acquisition of other external knowledge Patent in South Africa Patent outside South Africa Registered design Registered trademark Claimed copyright Grant license on IPR resulting from innovation Constant N
New to market −1.2272428** −0.46834 0.533976 −2.1156343*** 0.72370855** −1.272434***
−1.3067231** −0.44022 0.602271 −2.142864*** 0.72050711** −1.3425291***
0.221625 1.5291298*** 0.056373 −1.0127186* 0.062725 1.4302072*** 0.555048
1.4493825*** 0.116984 −1.023995* −0.06894 1.3185767** 0.65255413*
0.94024079***
1.0049378***
−0.36604
−0.46205
0.95570684***
0.87356169** −0.29954 0.841281 1.1524352** −0.09281 0.605545
−0.77772 458
−0.15842 −0.66389 458
Source: Author calculations, data from NIS database. Note: Reference categories: small firm; service sector; domestic subsidiary. The dependent variable here is one if a firm introduces new-to-market innovations and zero if it introduces new-to-firm innovations. Significance levels: * = 10 percent, ** = 5 percent, *** = 1 percent.