2.2
Labor force structure Labor force participation rate
Labor force
% ages 15 and older Male 1990
Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela, RB Vietnam West Bank and Gaza Yemen, Rep. Zambia Zimbabwe World Low income Middle income Lower middle income Upper middle income Low & middle income East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Carib. Middle East & N. Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa High income Euro area
42
73 76 89 80 90 .. 68 79 72 59 84 62 67 79 79 81 72 81 81 80 91 87 82 87 76 76 81 72 91 71 92 74 76 76 68 81 82 66 74 79 80 81 w 86 82 83 78 83 84 75 82 77 85 82 73 69
2011 World Development Indicators
Female 2009
60 69 85 74 89 .. 68 76 69 65 85 63 69 75 74 75 69 74 80 78 91 81 83 86 78 71 70 74 91 65 92 70 72 76 71 80 76 68 74 79 74 78 w 84 79 80 75 80 80 69 80 75 82 81 70 65
1990
60 60 87 15 62 .. 66 51 59 47 58 36 34 37 27 45 63 57 18 59 87 75 58 56 39 21 34 58 81 56 25 52 57 48 53 36 74 11 16 61 67 52 w 65 52 54 45 53 69 56 40 22 35 57 49 42
Ages 15 and older average annual % growth
Total millions 2009
45 58 87 17 65 .. 65 54 51 53 57 47 49 34 31 53 61 61 21 57 86 66 59 64 55 26 24 62 78 52 42 55 58 54 58 52 68 17 20 60 60 52 w 66 50 50 48 52 64 50 52 26 35 61 52 49
1990
11.8 76.8 3.2 5.0 3.0 .. 1.6 1.6 2.6 0.8 2.6 10.4 15.6 6.8 8.0 0.3 4.7 3.8 3.3 2.1 12.3 32.1 0.3 1.5 0.5 2.4 20.7 1.4 7.9 25.5 1.0 29.0 129.2 1.4 7.3 7.2 31.1 0.4 2.6 3.0 4.1 2,342.6 t 232.9 1,646.7 1,317.1 329.6 1,879.5 853.5 180.3 169.1 63.3 418.8 194.6 463.0 135.2
2009
9.5 75.9 5.0 8.6 5.4 .. 2.1 2.7 2.7 1.0 3.5 18.8 22.9 8.3 13.5 0.5 5.0 4.4 6.9 2.9 21.4 38.7 0.4 3.0 0.7 3.8 25.6 2.4 14.1 23.0 2.9 31.8 159.0 1.7 12.7 13.1 46.6 1.0 6.2 4.8 5.0 3,175.8 t 384.5 2,244.8 1,786.5 458.2 2,629.2 1,090.7 187.2 269.3 115.2 625.9 341.0 546.6 158.5
1990–2009
–1.1 –0.1 2.3 2.8 3.0 .. 1.6 2.9 0.3 1.2 1.6 3.1 2.0 1.1 2.7 2.7 0.3 0.7 4.0 1.8 2.9 1.0 1.8 3.5 2.3 2.4 1.1 2.9 3.0 –0.5 5.8 0.5 1.1 0.9 2.9 3.2 2.1 4.4 4.5 2.5 1.0 1.6 w 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.3 0.2 2.4 3.2 2.1 3.0 0.9 0.8
Female % of labor force 1990
2009
46.3 48.6 52.1 11.5 40.8 .. 50.9 39.1 46.8 46.8 41.8 37.5 34.8 31.8 26.0 41.2 47.7 42.9 18.3 43.3 49.8 47.0 40.4 40.1 35.0 21.6 29.7 46.1 47.7 49.2 9.8 43.2 44.4 40.8 45.5 30.5 50.7 13.8 18.0 44.3 46.3 39.4 w 43.8 38.1 38.2 37.6 38.8 44.2 45.8 33.8 22.0 27.8 42.0 41.6 39.8
45.0 50.1 52.8 14.9 43.3 .. 51.4 41.5 44.7 46.2 40.9 43.7 42.8 32.4 29.5 43.4 47.4 46.8 20.9 43.9 49.4 46.1 40.9 43.5 43.3 26.7 25.7 47.1 46.5 49.0 15.7 45.7 46.0 44.1 45.9 39.3 48.6 19.0 21.1 43.4 47.5 40.1 w 44.6 38.4 37.7 40.8 39.3 43.9 45.5 40.5 25.7 29.0 43.6 43.9 44.4