40+9 Recommendations (Financial Action Task Force), 103, 128n179, 128n181, 156n216, 177–78n Framework Decision on Confiscation of Crime-Related Proceeds, Instrumentalities and Property (European Union Council), 117n165 France “commission rogatoire,” 54n75 criminal damages, 162n229 criminal proceedings, 169n255 direct recovery of assets, 185b discovery principle, 31n48 illicit enrichment, 190b MLA requests, 158b money laundering, 178n270, 181b NCB confiscation, 157n219 resource persons, 124b restraint orders, 171b fraud, 37b, 188, 192 “freezing” assets, 76, 76n97 Fujimori, Alberto, 28b, 124b Fyffes v. Templeman and Others (2000), 165, 166b
G gag orders. See no-say orders Garrido, Victor Venero, 16, 157n220 general liability statutes, 162 Germany bribes, proceeds from, 168n253 integrity pacts, 168 glossary of terms, 249–52 government agencies as information sources, 48–51, 49f gross benefits, 113 gross value of contracts, 109 “guilty pleas,” 28, 28b
H Haiti Bureau d’Administration du Fond Special de lutte contre la drogue, 92n116 whistle-blowers, 22n31 hearsay evidence, 78b High Court of London, 17 Hong Kong Attorney General v. Reid (1994), 161, 161b Hong Kong SAR antibribery legislation, 173b NCB confiscation, 157n219 Reid case, 161b Hussein, Saddam, 185b
258
I
Index
I ICSID. See International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes identification of client, 203–4 illicit enrichment, 36–37, 37b, 38n58, 168, 168b, 189 illicit financing of political activities, 190 immigration authorities, 50 immunities from prosecution, 30 income declarations, 22, 22n32 India, integrity pacts in, 168 indirect proceeds, 108–9 influence, trading in, 37b, 188–89 informal assistance definition of, 122n174 discussion points for, 235 FIUs, 131 foreign jurisdictions, 99 in international cooperation, 6–7, 6n, 121–22, 132–37, 235 MLA requests vs., 124, 127–31, 129t, 131f. See also mutual legal assistance (MLA) requests information-gathering powers of asset managers, 19–22, 94 “in rem” confiscation. See property-based confiscation systems insolvency processes, 8, 100, 174–75 instrumentalities of offense, 111 insurance policies, 70–71 integrity offices, 50 integrity pacts, 167–68 intelligence collecting and reporting, 5, 22, 49, 49n66. See also evidence and tracing assets; financial intelligence units (FIUs) interim injunctions. See restraint orders interlocutory sales, 93 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), 167, 167b, 169 international cooperation, 4, 6–7, 121–58, 122b asset return, 158 barriers, awareness of, 26–27, 27b, 126–27, 127b in case management, 25–27 civil recovery (private law) cases, 157 evidence and, 74 informal assistance, 6–7, 6n, 121–22, 124, 127–37, 129t, 131f, 235 informal assistance and MLA requests, 124 key principles, 122–27 MLA requests, 6–7, 122, 124, 127–31, 129t, 131f, 138–56 NCB confiscation, 156–57 personal connections, development of, 123–24, 124–26b