Annex 11A Key international instruments for border management modernization
The universe of border management modernization is immense. For example, a Compendium of Trade Facilitation Recommendations (UNECE and UNCTAD 2001) contains over 200 trade facilitation instruments and recommendations (see Butterly 2003, p. 34). Therefore, this annex concentrates on cornerstones that international organizations and associations have developed and that are accessible to all countries. Instruments developed by national administrations or customs unions (such as the EU) are not highlighted. Because this chapter has focused on trade facilitation, the annex will primarily consider goods rather than persons—but it is Table 11A.1
worth mentioning here that several organizations, such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), have developed strategies for controlling people crossing borders. The instruments covered below are listed in annex table 11A.1. They fall into the seven categories of border management modernization instruments listed earlier (in the main text of the chapter), and they are presented here basically in the order of the seven categories (some instruments cover more than one category). The technical complexity of each instrument means that only a snapshot of each can be provided. Accordingly, reference is made to sources (in some cases Web pages) that describe the instruments in more detail for practitioners or researchers.
International instruments and tools for border management modernization
Name of instrument or tool
Type
Contribution to trade facilitation
Primary sponsor
HS Convention
International convention
Standardized commodity description for nomenclature
WCO
WCO Recommendation on UCR and guidelines
Recommendations and guidelines
Standardized unique consignment reference
WCO
ISO Standards on UCR and USR
Guide
Standardized unique consignment reference and unique shipment reference
ISO
UN Layout Key
Guide
Standardized trade document format
UNECE and ISO
UNTDED
Guide
Standardized consignment data elements
UN/CEFACT
UN/EDIFACT
Electronic data interchange standard
Standardized process for the electronic exchange of trade data
UN/CEFACT
WCO Data Model
Electronic transmission tool
Trade data elements and mechanism for transmission; also a single window tool
WCO
Cargo-IMP
Guidelines
Standardized air cargo document format
IATA
Revised Kyoto Convention and Guidelines
International convention
Standardized customs procedures
WCO
SAFE Framework of Standards
Guidelines
Standardized customs security and trade facilitation best practices
WCO
TIR Convention
International convention
Standardized road trade facilitation measures
UNECE
FAL Convention
International convention
Standardized maritime trade facilitation measures
IMO
Annex 9 to Chicago Convention
International convention
Standardized air transport trade facilitation measures
ICAO
Principles for Food Import and Export Inspections and Certifications and associated Guidelines
Guidelines
Standardized food safety certification and conformity procedures
CODEX
Terrestrial Code
International convention
Standardized animal quarantine procedures
OIE
Customs ICT Guidelines
Guidelines
Standardized approach on use and application of ICT to customs operations
WCO
UN/CEFACT Recommendation 33
Recommendation
Standardized approach to establishing a single window
UN/CEFACT
Single Window Repository
Compilation
Online compilation of national single window experiences
UN/CEFACT
Trade and Transport Facilitation Assessment
Guiding tools
Needs assessment tools for preliminary trade and logistics facilitation diagnostic
The World Bank
Diagnostic Framework
Guiding tools
Needs assessment of customs organizational and operational capacity
WCO
11 Reform instruments, tools, and best practice approaches
(continued) B O R D E R M A N A G E M E N T M O D E R N I Z AT I O N
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