Index
Philippines, 430, 447 Poland, 461b10.1, 463 CP. See Christiano-Fitzgerald (CF) filter CPI. See consumer price index (CPI) credit, 33 Brazil, 103, 124, 129, 131, 151n12 creditors’ rights, 101 external, 121 and NPLs, 116–17 slowing of, 124, 126–28 and stimulus program, 134–35 China, 179–81, 186, 195n9 consumer credit-to-credit ratios, 500f11.2 credit markets, 371, 523, 525 Ethiopia, 214–15 growth in, 45–46, 51–52 India, 240–41, 248, 259, 261–64 Mexico, 360, 382, 385, 397–98n8–10 Philippines, 427 Turkey, 498, 500f11.2, 507, 522, 533 Vietnam, 566–67, 568, 576 credit cards, 398n10 credit default swaps, 264, 265f6.15b, 465 Credit Guarantee Fund, Turkey, 522 credit intermediation, 524 credit-to-GDP ratios Brazil, 116, 134–35 Mexico, 402 Poland, 461 Turkey, 498, 499 crowding out, 525 CRR. See cash reserve ratio (CRR) currencies, 519 depreciation of, 35–37, 219–20 Ethiopia, 219–20 foreign-currency debt, 533 Malaysia, 304, 326, 334 Mexico, 360, 362, 368, 371, 378 Philippines, 413, 424, 425 Poland, 465 Turkey, 498, 501, 503, 504, 511, 533
Vietnam, 561, 575–76, 586–87n1, 587n3, 589–90n23–24 current account balances, 5–6, 8–9, 10n2, 20, 28, 30, 329 Brazil, 97, 106, 112, 119t3.7, 123f3.10e, 141–43 deficits, 95, 103, 111, 114, 125 deterioration of, 124–25, 146, 148 improvement in, 111 projections of, 145 surpluses, 111, 114 China, 191–92t4.2 deficits, 171 surpluses, 164, 166, 172, 178, 184, 185, 194 decline in, 21, 24–25 Ethiopia, 223t5.1 increase in, 21, 24 India, 244t6.1, 247, 249, 258, 259 Mexico, 378, 388t8A.1, 402 and national savings, 8–9 and net capital inflows, 21, 78n8 and output gaps, 77–78 Philippines, 421, 440 Poland, 462f10.11, 471 deficits, 451, 458, 461, 463, 467–68b10.2 and remittance flows, 28 Turkey, 505–8, 511, 527t11.7 deficits, 496–98, 506, 528, 533, 534 Vietnam, 566, 575, 576 current account-to-GDP ratios, 6t1.2, 77, 458–59, 566 cyclical policies, Philippines, 418
D Dasgupta, Dipak, 235–96 debt, 57, 78, 87 ASEAN countries, 579 Brazil, 107–9, 111, 142–43, 146, 151n4
605