490 Index
citizen empowerment. See empowerment citizen evaluation meetings, 212 Citizen Media Summit (2010), 178n22 citizen report cards, 347–57 civil society demand for, 353–54 effect of, 299, 352–53 historical background, 349–52 lessons learned, 355–57 media demand for, 354–55 state support for, 42 success factors, 352 citizen review boards, 41–42 citizens and citizenship clientelism and, 72 communication for, 216–19 definitional issues, 17–18, 292 deliberation as process for, 213 Citizenship Development Research Center (CDRC), 342 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), 139 civic associations. See associationalism; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) civic competence defined, 86–87 education and, 322, 324 political participation and, 235 civic education, 319–30 conditions for greater impact of, 325–26 deliberative process and, 228 in Democratic Republic of Congo, 156–57 effectiveness of, 305n7 measures of democratic orientations, 322–23 research design and methodology, 323–25 secondary effects of, 326–27 civic engagement human development linked to, 293–98, 294–96f as quantity of participation, 189 in West Bank, 78, 78t civil rights movement (U.S.), 258, 261, 262, 284 Civil Service Commission (Philippines), 169–70 civil society accountability mechanisms and, 54–55 associationalism and, 307
assumed representation by, 393, 394–95, 394–95t capacity-building by, 422 citizen report cards and, 353–54 defined, 49n14 democracy and, 334 in Democratic Republic of Congo, 152 economic development and, 292 empowerment and, 21–22, 21f representation and, 389–402 state acceptance and, 43 as state support for social accountability mechanisms, 46, 47 Clawson, R. A., 110 CLC (Community Law Centre–Durban, South Africa), 322 clientelism access to information and, 123 associationalism and, 70, 72 centralization and, 80n10 civil society and, 398 defined, 16 democracy and, 79n3 interpersonal trust and, 75–76, 76t support for democratic institutions and, 78, 78t voting behavior and, 127, 130, 131 Clinton, Bill, 132 Clinton, Hillary, 172 Coalition against Corruption, 355 Coast Water Services Board (Kenya), 372 Coelho, Vera Schattan P., 333 cognitive architecture model, 99 cognitive dissonance, 107, 303–4 cognitive liberation, 262, 263 cognitive process, 101–3. See also information processing associative network model of memory, 101–2 stage model of information processing, 102–3 co-governance, 21, 21f Cohen, Jean, 292 Cohen, Joshua, 292 cold deliberations, 187 Coleman, James, 292 collective action, 257–89 activating frames and, 263–65 analytical process and, 274–75 associationalism and, 68