Index
Isaka–Kigali–Bujumbura Railway, 28b Italian trade, historical, 46
K Kazakh Railways, 51, 136, 137b Kazakhstan canal systems, 144 informal payments, 27 railway corridors, 135–38 as trade corridor, 50, 51 Kenya coffee or tea exports, 43 flower exports by air freight, 140, 141–42 fruit and vegetable exports, 142b integration goals, 85 trade corridor management agreement, 163 unrest in, cutting off LLDC gateway, 36 Korea Transport Institute, 171 Kyoto Convention (1999), 73, 88, 97
L landlocked developing countries (LLDCs). See also specific regions, countries, and transport types comparison with resource-rich LLDCs, 15 dependence on transit countries, 34–45. See also political economy of trade corridors development priority of access, 2–3 economic challenges of, 13 economic potential of, 14–17 list of, 1, 2t, 11n1 logistics services. See logistics services market structure, 24–27 measuring of economic disadvantages, 5, 14–16 modest trade volumes of, 37 transit role, potential from, 50–51 land transport. See road freight transport Lao PDR inland container depots (ICDs), 155 Thai exporters from, 43 as trade corridor, 50 League of Arab States. See Arab League League of Nations, 47 “leakage,” 58, 61, 82, 97
267
legal instruments, excess of, 6, 87–88, 87t. See also international legal agreements legislative model of corridor management, 163 Lesotho, charges for border crossings, 115b leverage of multiple corridors, 36–38 licensing annual vehicle license fees, 49b quality licensing, 103–4, 106 LLDCs. See landlocked developing countries Logistics Performance Index (LPI), 16–17, 16t, 170 logistics services competition in, 24–27 costs, xiii, 18, 23, 174–75 customs brokers. See customs brokers development of, 149–56 freight forwarders. See freight forwarders inland container depots. See inland container depots (ICDs) performance, 16–17, 34 recommendations, 157–58, 185–86 third-party logistics providers. See thirdparty logistics providers (3PLs) Lomé, 41 Lomé–Ouagadougou Corridor, 27 LPI. See Logistics Performance Index
M Maghreb Highway Project, 28b Malawi charges for border crossings, 115b cut off from transit state access, 36 Dar es Salaam Corridor management, 164 road funding, 29 transit routes, 3, 18–19, 38b Mali competition among trade corridors, 37–38 cut off from transit state access, 36 informal checkpoints for trucks, 117 mango exports, 43 rail corridors, 131 trade comparison with Burkina Faso, 131–32, 132t mango exports, 43, 129 manufactured goods, 30, 129, 139, 177 Maputo Corridor, 173b