Appendix: MENA Region
329
Tunisia: Spatial Integration Diamond accountability 1.0
0.5
connectivity
spatial equality in living standards
0.0
spatial equality in human development country
MENA 13
Sources: Accountability: World Bank World Governance Index 2008; spatial equality in living standards: INS 2000; spatial equality in human development: MICS3 2006; connectivity: author’s calculation based on Nelson (2008). Sources in Appendix. Notes: a. Averages are weighted, whenever possible. b. Data unavailable for Islamic Republic of Iran and the West Bank and Gaza. c. Data unavailable for Djibouti, Tunisia, and the West Bank and Gaza. d. Data unavailable for Djibouti, Jordan, Tunisia, and the West Bank and Gaza. e. Data unavailable for Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syrian Arab Republic, and the Republic of Yemen. f. Data unavailable for Djibouti and the West Bank and Gaza. g. Data unavailable for Islamic Republic of Iraq. h. Data unavailable for Algeria, Libya, and the West Bank and Gaza. i. Data unavailable for Algeria, Lebanon, and Libya. j. Data unavailable for Djibouti. .. = not available; MICS = Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Because of missing data, the spatial concentration of economic activity maps are not available for Jordan, Lebanon, and Tunisia, and the West Bank and Gaza, and the lagging area map is not available for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Definition of Spatial Integration Diamond Indicators: Accountability: Voice and accountability index, reversed (percentile rank 0–100, 100 = best). Spatial equality in living standards: rural per capita consumption as percentage of urban per capita consumption (%). Spatial equality in human development: urban infant mortality as percentage of rural infant mortality (%). Connectivity: Travel time to city index (% of population). See indicator definitions for more details.