Migration Patterns and Policies in Africa • 21
Box 1.2 Forced Migration in Africa (continued) Box figure 1.2.2 Cross-Border Refugees from Selected African Countries, End 2009 800 700
Thousands
600 500 400 300 200 100
So
Source: UNHCR 2010.
vast borders these countries share. Kenya is a common destination for emigrants from Tanzania and Uganda. Sudan is a principal destination of emigrants from Chad, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Emigrants from Burundi and Rwanda often speak the same language as or share historical ties with natives of Tanzania and Uganda. Côte d’Ivoire is a melting pot for neighboring countries, as most migrants are able to communicate with people in the surrounding countries and share religious and historic bonds. Emigrants from Benin, Ghana, and Niger head to Nigeria for similar reasons. In southern Africa, migrants from Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, and Swaziland can blend into communities in South Africa, making mobility and settlement comparatively easy. Intra-African migration flows are affected by income differences, as the large immigration to the relatively prosperous South Africa suggests. There are, however, exceptions. Tanzania, for example, is the most common destination for emigrants from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Zambia, despite the fact that the difference in per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is negligible or favors the source country (figure 1.3).
ad Ch
m
ali a De Co m ng .R o ep , . Su da n Ce Erit re nt a ra lA f Re ric pu an bli c An go la Rw an da Bu W ru es nd te i rn Sa ha ra Lib er ia Et hio pia M au rit an Cô ia te d’ Ivo i Zim re ba bw e
0