198 • Index
D data problems on African migration, 15, 16b on diaspora, 147 on high-skilled migration, 141 on remittances, need for improved data, 5, 51–52, 84–86, 96n3 De, Prabal, 56 De Haas, Hein, 175 Democratic Republic of Congo. See Congo, Democratic Republic of demographics, effect of, 22–23, 23t, 40n2. See also socioeconomic characteristics of migrants from Africa Denmark and African diaspora organizations, 161–62, 162b destination countries. See also OECD countries; specific countries capital market investment, 156–57 colonial ties as influence on choice of, 14, 25–26, 26f, 121, 150 data on emigrant flow, 16b, 17f, 150f earnings of tertiary-educated migrants in destination labor markets, 114, 124–29, 127b, 180n9 high-skilled migration patterns, 9, 119–23, 120t incentives for return by, 170–72 by percent of emigrants, 9–10, 10f, 17f support of, 9, 169–70 Development Marketplace for the African Diaspora in Europe, 169 diaspora, 147–93. See also destination countries African governmental initiatives to engage, 173–76, 177–79t, 182n34 business environment, 175–76 savings and social security schemes, 176 benefits of, xi, 9–11, 31b, 150–65
capital market investment, 11, 156–60 bonds, 6, 11, 148, 158–60, 180–81nn10–12 in host countries, 156–57 investment funds, 160, 181nn13–14 classification of African diasporas, 180n1 collective remittances, 160–63 definition of, 149, 149b direct investment, 153–54 embassies’ engagement with, 173, 174b formation of associations, 161–63, 162b, 181n15 household investment, 154–56, 154f knowledge networks, 164–65, 180n2 locating, 11, 148–50 policies to maximize benefits, 165–72 dual/multiple citizenship, 10, 148, 165–68, 167t, 182n24 incentives for return by host countries, 170–72 return initiatives by sending countries, 172 support of destination countries, 11, 169–70 voting rights, 10–11, 148, 168–69, 168b savings of migrants in host countries, 156–57, 157t trade, effects of, 147, 151–53, 152f, 180n3 transfers of technology and skills, 148, 164–65 Diaspora Networks Alliance (DNA), 169 Diaspora Outreach Institute (EU), 36b diseases, migration’s effect on spread of, 32b Docquier, Frédéric, 137 Donato, Katharine M., 97n16 Dora, Manoj K., 156 Drabo, Alassane, 68