428
Index
development planning, 282 natural disasters, 317 risk sharing, 268, 331 river basin management organizations, 41–51 River Basin National Plan (Bolivia), 50 RMA. See risk management approach Rodgers, D., 244n9 Romero, Rubén, 66b Rossing, Tine, 21, 63, 267 Rubin, Olivier, 63, 221, 267 rule of law, 278 rural poor agrarian production systems of, 94–101, 96t conflicts and, 235 natural disasters and, 75 research recommendations, 336 social implications, 318–20 water scarcity impact on, 32, 32t, 34, 43, 54n9, 105 rural-urban migration, 29, 146, 199, 202t, 321
S safety nets, social, 271, 280, 289, 290–92, 328 St. Kitts and Nevis tourism in, 143–44 water scarcity, 26 St. Lucia disaster recovery in, 74 drainage systems in, 294 flood risks, 69 natural disaster patterns in, 72 public health education campaign in, 190n7 St. Vincent and the Grenadines low-income settlements in, 76 natural disaster impacts in, 83 relocation programs in, 156 tourism in, 144 water scarcity, 40–41b Salehyan, Idean, 228 salinization aquaculture and, 153 of aquifers, 27b, 36, 39, 315 mangroves and, 128b of soil, 98, 315 sanitation in coastal communities, 155
disease and, 172, 179–80, 322 natural disaster impacts on, 205 in urban areas, 322 waterborne diseases and, 179, 180, 322 water scarcity impact of, 33–35 Santos, I. V., 190n10 Sâo Francisco River Transportation project, 284 São Francisco watershed, 68 Satterthwaite, D., 277, 279 Schrader, E., 286 sea level rise aquaculture and, 153 coastal communities and, 11, 123 groundwater contamination from, 36 social impacts of, 315 tourism and, 142b sea surface temperature coral reefs and, 127–28b fish migration and, 11, 131, 314 seawater intrusion, 37. See also salinization secondary tourism-related employment, 138, 139t, 158n14 semiarid regions, 94. See also droughts severe weather. See extreme events; natural disasters shade cultivation, 103b, 115 Shaw, R., 270, 297n1 Siegel, P. B., 295, 298n11 SLF. See sustainable livelihoods framework slums in coastal communities, 146–47, 155, 317 small island dynamics of water scarcity, 40–41b small-scale aquaculture, 150–53 small-scale farms capacity building for, 116 drought impacts on, 104b environmental degradation and, 318 rural poverty and, 96, 96t water scarcity impact of, 33 small-scale fishing, 131. See also artisanal fishing communities Smit, B., 55n18 social capital. See also bonding social capital; bridging social capital; linking social capital agrarian livelihoods and, 101, 105–8, 106–8b capacity building with, 269–79 conflict and, 221, 226–34 livelihood adaptation and, 278