Chapter 4: Energy End-Use
Figure 4.2 International Comparisons of Energy Intensity Trends
energy intensity (1980 = 1)
a. Energy intensity as a proportion of GDP, 1980–2006 1.6 1.4 Brazil
1.2
South Africa
1.0
India
0.8
Mexico
0.6
United States
Japan China
0.4 0.2 0 1980
1986
1991 1996 year
2001
2006
b. Absolute value of energy intensity in 2006
MJ per $ (2000 prices)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Mexico
United States
Brazil
South Africa
GDP at purchasing power parity rates
China
India
Japan
GDP at market exchange rates
Source: Based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (www.eia.doe.gov).
electricity use in Mexico remains a fraction of that in high-income countries with similar climates. The Industrial Sector
The industrial sector is the second-largest energy end-user in Mexico (after transport), accounting for about 27 percent of total energy end-use.1 It is the largest electricity user, accounting for 58 percent of total electricity consumption.2 More than half the industrial energy use is in five main subsectors, which also account for the majority of fuel use (oil products, gas, solid fuels): cement (nonmetallic minerals), iron and steel, chemicals and petrochemicals, mining, and food and tobacco (figure 4.3).
47