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GLOBALIZATION, WAGES, AND THE QUALITY OF JOBS: FIVE COUNTRY STUDIES
theoretical application long-run differences between developed and developing countries, 82–83 medium-run, between-industry shifts, 78–80, 79–80f, 81b, 82f short-run, within-industry changes, 77–78, 78–79b total trade, 67 trade, 64–67 trade liberalization, 64–65, 68–70, 69b unemployment rates, 71 unionization, 75 wages nonwage working conditions, relationship to, 3–5, 5f as variable for analysis, 72–74 anemic workers, treatment of, 48–49 apparel/textiles sector. See also under specific countries alignment of incentives in, 12 ATC, 11b, 16 Better Factories Cambodia Project, 50–51, 105, 106b, 120–29t corporate codes of conduct in, 45–46 Cotonou Agreement, 240 factor markets and prices, 12–13 information imperfections in, 10–12 MFA. See Multifiber Arrangement quality downgrading, 13–14 role in globalization and development generally, 7 sector-specific studies, potential value of, 16–17 technological constraints in, 10 theoretical considerations applied to, 9–14 transmission of labor-related knowledge capital in, 47 Argentina, 26, 27 Arnold, Jens, 214 Artuc, Erhan, 23 Aruba, 139t ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 99, 117n5, 204, 232n2 ASEAN Free Trade Association (AFTA), 204, 232n2 Asian Development Bank, 51 Asian financial crisis, 8, 99, 203, 206, 209–11, 210f, 211t Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 99, 117n5, 204, 232n2
Aswicahyono, H., 216 ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing), 11b, 16 Attanasio, I., 25, 26 Australia, 117n6, 117n7, 216 Austria, 117n6 average or absolute wages, 23–24, 72–73 Aw, B. Y., 28 B Bacon, Christopher, 44 The Bahamas, 138t Baldwin, R. E., 38 bananas, Fair Trade programs for, 43–44 Bangladesh, 15, 29, 41, 66b, 137 bargaining, collective. See unions and unionization Başlevent, Cem, 29 bed nets, insecticide-treated, 49 Belarus, 117n6 Belgium, 117n6 benefits/social security in analytical framework, 76 in El Salvador, 161, 162t, 165, 166t, 169 in Madagascar, 257–58, 257t Bentley, William R., 44 Berik, G., 29, 38, 66b, 67b, 74 Bermuda, 139t Bernard, A. B., 28, 40 Better Factories Cambodia Project, 50–51, 105, 106b, 120–29t Bigsten, Arne, 25 Biscourp, Pierre, 22 Black, S., 29 Blanco de Armas, Enrique, 41 Blonigen, Bruce A., 33 Braconier, Henrik, 34 Brainard, S. Lael, 33 Brainerd, E., 29 Braun, Sebastian, 39 Brause, Alberto, 45–46 Brazil currency devaluation in, 27 FDI and higher wages in, 34 on Heritage Foundation index of economic freedom, 171n4 informal job sector in, 31–32, 72 productivity gains in, 28 relative wages in, 25 wage inequality in, xi