Causal Clauses.
185
Causal Clauses.
285. Causal clauses are introduced chiefly by the following particles:Quod, quia, quoniam. Cum. 3. Quando. I.
2.
286. The use of moods is as follows:I. Quod, quia, quoniam take the Indicative when the reason is that of the writer or speaker; they take the Subjunctive when the reason is viewed as that of another. Thus:-
Parthos timeo quod diffido copiis nostris, I fear the Parthians, because I distrust our troops. Themistocles, quia non tutus erat, Corcyram demigravit, Themistocles, since he was 1Wt safe, moved to Corcyra, neque me vixisse paenitet, quoniam bene vixi, I do not regret having lzved, since I have lived well. Socrates accfieatus est quod corrumperet juventiitem, Socrates was arraigned O1tthe ground that he was corrupting the young. (Here the reason is not that of the writer but of the accuser. Hence the Subjunctive.) Haedui Caesari gratias egerunt, quod se periculo liberavisset, the H 'aedui thanked Caesar because he had delivered tlwlt from danger. (The reason of the Haedui.) quoniam Miltiades dicere non posset, verba pro eo fecit Tiaagoras, since Miltiades could not speak, Tisagoras spoke for him. (The reason of Tisagoras.) noctu ambulabat Themistocles, quod somnum capere non poeset, Themistocles used to walk at ?ltg-htbecause (as he said) he could,t't sleep. a. Verbs of thlnking and saying often stand in the Subjunctive in causal clauses as though the act of thinking or saying, and not the contents of the thought or language, constituted the reason. Thus: Bellovaci suum numerum non compleverunt, quod se suo nomine cum Romanis bellum gestiiroB dlcerent, the Bellouaci did not furnish their complement,