DEFINING THE CHALLENGE
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Notes 1. 2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
14.
TI, The Anti-Corruption Plain Language Guide (Berlin: TI, 2009). This has been termed the ‘transnationalisation of global environmental governance’. Philipp Pattberg, ‘Public–Private Partnerships in Global Climate Governance’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, vol. 1 (2010), pp. 279–287, p. 280. In developing countries alone, mitigation and adaptation may require funding of some US$250 billion annually, dwarfing total official development assistance (ODA) of US$100 billion a year. World Bank, World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009), p. 257. Attempts have been made to claim a lack of objectivity in the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Nonetheless, the most recent assessment of the legitimacy of the 2007 IPCC report by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency ‘found no errors that would undermine the main conclusions in the 2007 report’, but found that ‘in some instances the foundations for the summary statements should have been made more transparent’. See Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Assessing an IPCC Assessment: An Analysis of Statements on Projected Regional Impacts in the 2007 Report (The Hague: Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2010). The review of the InterAcademy Council in August 2010 addressed reform of the IPCC’s management structure, rather than the science, and made a number of recommendations to improve its management structure. See http://reviewipcc.interacademycouncil.net/ReportNewsRelease. html. International Energy Agency (IEA), CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2009 (Paris: IEA, 2009). Sven Harmeling, Global Climate Risk Index 2010: Who Is Most Vulnerable? Weather-Related Loss Events since 1990 and How Copenhagen Needs to Respond (Bonn: Germanwatch, 2010). Each score is calculated over 10 years according to death toll (1/6), deaths per inhabitants (1/3), absolute losses (1/6), losses per GDP (1/3). IEA (2009). IPCC, ‘Summary for Policymakers’, in IPCC, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 1–18, p. 10. The consideration of remaining uncertainty ‘is based on current methodology’. Ibid., p. 13, table SPM 3. Ibid., p. 15. IPCC, ‘Summary for Policymakers’, in IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 17. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), ‘Fact Sheet: The Need for Adaptation’ (New York: UNFCCC, 2010). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 1–2. Alyson Brody et al., Gender and Climate Change: Mapping the Linkages: A Scoping Study on Knowledge and Gaps (Brighton: BRIDGE, Institute of Development Studies, 2008), at www. genanet.de/fileadmin/downloads/themen/climatetalk_life_dec8_2005.pdf.
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