30. ‘Bob’. 2007. More Traditional Dancing. Retrieved 20 1 2010 from, http://picasaweb.google. co.uk/kenyabob/MountKenyaChallenge?authkey=vKfuYBvlvSk#5115017183722171554 31. ‘@api’ 2009. Community Detailed Plan. Retrieved 22 1 2010 from, http://www.dharavi.org/@api/ deki/files/632/=SP09_04PU_Group06_Mumbai_pg_mk_ny_tz_Page_5.jpg
Appendix
Bibliography
Interview with Becky Stone 16/1/2010, Tom Greenfield - Interviewer Life in a slum: your experience working with slum people
Adhikari, S. Urban Planning and Politics of Slum Demolition in Metropolitan Mumbai. Mumbai: Indian Institue of Technology. AP. (2005, 6 7). Homes ‘smashed’ by Zimbabwe paramilitary police. Retrieved 6 1, 2010, from Sydney Morning Herald: http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/homes-smashed-by-zimbabwe-paramilitary-police/2005/07/05/1120329447181.html BBC. (2009). Kenya Begins Huge Slum Clearance. Retrieved 14 1, 2010, from BBC News: http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8258417.stm BBC. (2007, 15 8). Life in a Slum. Retrieved 17 1, 2010, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/ shared/spl/hi/world/06/dharavi_slum/html/dharavi_slum_intro.stm BBC. (2005, September). Living amidst the rubbish of Kenya’s slums. Retrieved 5 1, 2010, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4261846.stm Beall and Fox. (2009). Cities and Development. New York: Routledge. Berman, M. (1987, December). Among the Ruins. New Internationalist , pp. 1-3. Berner, E. (1998). Defending a Place in the City. Honolulu: University of Hawaii. Bodewes, C. (2005). Parish Transformation in Urban Slums. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa. Channel 4. (2001). Channel 4’s Statement of Promises. Retrieved 21 1, 2010, from Channel4.com: http://www.channel4.com/about_c4/promises_2001/promises_intro2.html Chazen, N., Mortimer, R., Ravenhill, J., & Rothchild, D. (1988). Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. London: Macmillan. Cotton, A. P., & Franceys, R. W. (1988). Urban Infrastructure: Trends, Needs and the Role of Aid. Habitat International , 139-147. Davis, M. (2006). Planet of Slums. London, New York: Verso. de Soto, H. (2001). The Mystery of Capital. London: Black Swan. D’Monte, D. (2008, 26 2). Mumbai’s Slum life Poses World Problem. Retrieved 17 1, 2010, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7265333.stm ILO. (2002). Women and Men in the Informal Economy. Geneva: ILO. International Housing Coalition. (2007). Urban Investments and Rates of Return: Assessing MCC’s Approach to Project Evaluation. Washington D.C: IHC. McCloud, K. (2010, 15 1). Kevin McCloud: Slumming It. (H. Simpson, Interviewer) Mhlanga, C., & Obudho, R. (1988). Slum and Squtter Settlements in sub-Saharan Africa. New York: Praeger. NTV Kenya. (2009). Upgrading Kibera Slums. Retrieved 14 1, 2010, from YouTube: http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=QZWe33fToPo&feature=channel Perlman, J. (1981). Strategies for Squatter Settlements: the state of the Art as of 1977. New York: Praeger. Rakodi, C. (1997). The Urban Challenge in Africa: Growth and Management of its Large Cities. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Reinhard, R., Skinner, J., Micheal, & Rodell, J. (1983). People, poverty and shelter: problems of self-help housing in the Third World. London: Methuen. Soliman, A. (2004). A Possible Way Out: Formalizing Housing Informality in Egyptian Cities. Lanham: University Press of America. Stone, B. (2010, 6 1). Life in a Slum. (T. Greenfield, Interviewer) Turner, J. (1977). Housing by the People: Towards Autonomy in Building Environments. New York: Pantheon. UN-HABITAT KENSUP. (2008). UN-HABITAT and the Kenya Slum Upgrading Program. Nairobi: UNHABITAT. UNHABITAT. (2003). The Challenge of Slums. London: Earthscan Publications. United Nations Conference on Human Settlements. (1996). Habitat Agenda. Tokyo: United Nations Press. Webster, M. (1913). Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Massachusetts: Marriam-Webster Inc.
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Becky Stone worked for a time with TearFund in Pumwani slum in Nairobi, and lived with them for a few months
1. etc.
TG: Did you feel they were happy? Or was it more dependent on if they had a job, family
BS: They are happy people, but no I don’t think they are happy with their lives in the slum. They are content because they have to be and they make the absolute best of an awful situation. Family makes a massive difference, and means the world to those lucky enough to actually have one. A job makes their lives easier – makes it possible to actually survive - but none of them really have any money at all so I definitely don’t think their happiness is dependent upon this. They are all hoping, striving for and believing that a better future is ahead...I think this ability to hope is often what keeps them going. 2. TG: Did you feel they had resentment towards the government? I.e., even though they were squatting and slumming, did they feel the government was doing enough? BS: I think they definitely feel the government aren’t doing enough. They don’t live there because they choose to, or because they are bad people, or because they are lazy or incapable – they have no choice. Being truly supported and empowered by the government would, I think, make a huge difference. 3.
TG: Was the government too reliant on NGO’s?
BS: I don’t really know about this, except that the government seem to do absolutely nothing for slum dwellers. These people are however the ones who take the brunt of political unrest. There were tribal/political killings going on in the slums all around me when I was there. 4. TG: Why were the people you knew located in that particular slum? Family/jobs/rent? BS: They came to Nairobi seeking work from what I can gather, only to find a lack of jobs and overcrowding, so had to settle there without a choice. Most families have rural homes which they visit once a year if they’re lucky, but they cannot afford to live there. These are often the homes where our generation grew up before having to move to the slums. I think now though that more and more children are being raised in the slums as opposed to the rural homes that have belonged to their families for generations. 5.
TG: Have they been upgraded or had site/services improved? Are there any plans for this?
BS: No, to both questions. 6.
TG: Could they afford some of the upgrade solutions if made available?
BS: Most of my friends there barely have enough money to support their families, so no, I don’t think they could. 7. TG:Have they ever been moved by the council to another slum? BS: Not as far as I am aware. I never heard anything about the council having anything to do with the slums. 8. TG: Did most of them have a job of some sort?
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