The Grotesque - volume 3 by Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning

The Grotesque

Volume III

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contents

002 Reactive Inactive

Katie Cressall

062 Fisher Body Plant #21

Jarrett Fishman

104 Harvesting Energy

Nathan Johnson

134 Situating the Brand

Alivia Stalnaker

162 Massive Color

Dorothy Schwankl

194 Tracing a Culture

Tadeusz Bazydlo

242 Mothballing

Ayesha Sarfraz

280 Rerooting Detroit

Matt Slingerland

310 Uncapping the Abandoned Houses

Kahyun Lee

334 Detroit Water System

Lauren Jennifer Barry

354 Urban Shorelines

Sarah Petri

ReActive Inactive

Incremental Construction

The Fisher Body Plant 21 is located on Pi-

Detroit is jobs-poor. The city has lost hun-

quette and St. Antoine. The Fisher Body

dreds of thousands of jobs over the past

Corporation constructed their signature fac-

decades, and far fewer of its residents

tory, the Albert Kahn-designed Fisher Body

hold jobs, or participate in the labor force,

21, on Piquette Street, in Detroit, in 1919. The

compared to the United States population as

building is now part of the Piquette Avenue

a whole. The single most important economic

Industrial Historic District.

development goal for Detroit should be to fill this “jobs gap.” That means not only cre-

The proposal is to combine the displaced

ating more jobs, but creating the sort of jobs

population with the uninhabited Fisher Body

that Detroit’s residents can access.

Plant. It can be places a place to get connections for employment, receive specialized

A. Episodic Section

job training, be involved in community art

B. Multiples

projects, and volunteer their unused time in a

C. Plans

fulfilling way. Giving people a purpose during

D. Renderings

a troubling time is the best way to revitalize

E. Details

a city.

Learn forward, Leave behind Detroit has a large skilled labor force who are currently not being used. Their talents can be repurposed to create an authentic use of material and architecture that has been lost in current construction practice. By teaching the hands-on population new or forgotten constrution practices, construction can keep its tactile, detailed nature. Faux materials can be left behind when there is a trained workforce who have the skills to create spaces of value and meaning. There is an endless supply of manual labor in Detroit. Giving the unemployeed a job with a purpose increases their skill set as well as gives the market more skilled labor in the building industry.

Section of tube system The concept behind the project is to train unem-

classroom and training spaces for future students

ployed persons in construction and deconstruction

as well as areas for events and community activities.

techniques. This is important to the Detroit region

It would serve the building industry as well as the

because there is a wealth of unused spaces and

people doing the work.

materials that need to be demolished and readapt-

In Detroit, there is an endless supply of manual

ed rather than left isolated and abandoned. This

labor and a seemingly endless supply of abandoned

transformation of materials and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activity will

materials to reuse and reconfigure. The project

create life in communities.

takes an opportunistic approach with the site. The

The tube becomes something that students learn by constructing, and then leave it behind to become

tube system is built in increments. People make things that continue forward.

The tube system creates episodic space. The longer it gets, the more precise it becomes as the skill set increases. The materials would be found, abandoned materials as well as donations and this would create a system that is made with what is available. As they learn, they move ahead and leave behind their work for use. The play of axial movement creates an inhabited space in the stillness of the Fisher Body Plant. Space unfolds as it moves forward.

Steel Structure Ring Metal Panel

C Channel

Wood Slats

Chain Link

Glazing Mech. Space W Flange C Channel

Episodic Section First Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Second Floor: Route 1 Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

To Route 2: Computer Spine

Second Floor: Route 1 Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Second Floor: Route 2 Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Second Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Third Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Third Floor to Fourth Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Fourth Floor to Fifth Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Fifth Floor Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Fifth Floor to Sixth Floor to Roof Scale 1/4” - 1’-0”

Episodic Multiples

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor

Fourth Floor

Fifth Floor

Sixth Floor

Complete Section

Renderings In order of appearance

Details

Fisher Body Plant #21 Reincarnation Jarrett Fishman

Left : Fisher Body # 21, Detroit , once a staple in auto production.

Fisher Body #21 This auto-manufacturing plant was iconic for

as a Mecca of Detroit tagging. The spaces

its time. In 1919, Albert Kahn used columns

inside encourage a broad spectrum of

to challenge the need to line facades with

activity. The factory is composed mostly of

solid walls, allowing natural lighting within

wide, open, single-story spaces. Its scale

an industrial setting. Like all other Kahn

provides a generous amount of space for

buildings of this time, the factory was

many activities to operate simultaneously.

designed to endure the elements structurally

Fisher Body #21â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s variety of distinguished

throughout the years. Fisher Body #21

spaces could make it the most valuable and

served the automotive industry for many

flexible space in Detroit for reincarnation.

years, building car bodies but not the cars

At one point, Fisher #21 had been proposed

themselves. The plant stayed open until the

to be converted into a â&#x20AC;&#x153;data farm.â&#x20AC;? However,

early 1990s, when it was left to face the same

the proposals were clearly unsuccessful. To

fate as many other auto plants in the Detroit

best understand the scale of this factory,

area. Fisher Body 21 still appeals to many.

we must familiarize ourselves with modern

Beautiful graffiti can be found all throughout

spaces that share the same significance in

the factory, and the plant can be considered

our time as this plant did in its era.

FOOTPRINT SCALE COMPARISONS

Sears Tower

Chicago, Illinois 52,900 sf = (0.458) Fisher Body #21

Second Ebenezer Church Detroit, Michigan 68,940 sf = (0.596) Fisher Body #21

DPS Book Depository Detroit, Michigan 71,032 sf = (0.614) Fisher Body #21

Empire State Building New York City, New York 80,750 sf = (0.699) Fisher Body #21

Amazon Shipping

Dallas, Texas 83,300 sf = (0.721) Fisher Body #21

World Trade Center New York City, New York 86,528 sf = (0.749) Fisher Body #21

The Fisher Building Detroit, Michigan 98,200 sf = (0.849) Fisher Body #21

Fisher Body #21 Detroit, Michigan 115,600 sf

Cass Technical High School Detroit, Michigan 135,000 sf = (1.168) Fisher Body #21

Silverdome Field 57,600 sf

Pontiac Silverdome Pontiac, Michigan 432,660 sf = (3.743) Fisher Body #21

Comerica Field 151,650 sf

Comerica Park

Detroit, Michigan 622,750 sf = (5.387) Fisher Body #21

Somerset North 380,380sf

Somerset Mall

Troy, Michigan 653,250 sf = (5.651) Fisher Body #21

Somerset South 272,870sf

Fairlane Mall

Dearborn, Michigan 893,000 sf = (7.725) Fisher Body #21

Cobo Hall

Detroit, Michigan 973,000 sf = (8.417) Fisher Body #21

IMMEDIATE SUBURBAN CONNECTIONS 1. Birmingham

19. Pontiac

2. Bloomfield Hills

20. Redford

3. Clinton

21. Roseville

4. Dearborn

22. Royal Oak

5. Dearborn Heights

23. Southfield

6. Eastpointe

24. Sterling Heights

7. Farmington Hills

25. Troy

8. Ferndale

26. Warren

9. Garden City

27. West Bloomfield

10. Gross Pointe 11. Hamtramck 12. Hazel Park 13. Highland Park 14. Keego Harbor 15. Livonia 16. Madison Heights 17. Mt. Clemens 18. Oak Park

Lexington, KY Chicago, IL

27 1

25 22

7 23

M-3

M-1

M-10

3 6

Knoxville, TN

Atlanta, GA Macon, GA

M-1

20 M-10 15

M-8

M-3

7 5 9

Gainesville, FL

16 8

21 Tampa Bay, FL

Miami, FL

IMMEDIATE SUBURBAN CONNECTIONS 1. Birmingham 20 2. Bloomﬁeld Hills 3. Clinton 15 4. Dearborn 5. Dearborn Heights 6. Eastpointe 7. Farmington Hills 8. Ferndale 9 9. Garden City 10. Gross Pointe

11. Hamtramck 12. Hazel Park 13. Highland Park 14. Keego Harbor 15. Livonia 16. Madison Heights 17. Mt. Clemens 18. Oak Park 4 19. Pontiac 20. Redford

M-8

21. Roseville11 22. Royal Oak 23. Southﬁeld 24. Sterling Heights 25. Troy 26. Warren 27. West Bloomﬁeld 12

Lexington, KY Bismarck, ND

Knoxville, TN

Fargo, ND

94 Billings, MT

Minneapolis, MN

Atlanta, GA

Flint, MI

Macon, GA

Madison, WI

Kalamazoo, MI

Chicago, IL

Ann Arbor, MI Detroit, MI Toledo, OH

Gainesville, FL

Lexington, KY

Tampa Bay, FL

Cincinnati, OH

M-3

Knoxville, TN

M-1

M-10

Miami, FL

Atlanta, GA Macon, GA

M-8

21 6

Gainesville, FL

Tampa Bay, FL 5

Miami, FL

Ideally located at the intersection of both I-94 and I-75, Fisher Body #21 can serve as a national attraction, able to gather crowds from the Northwest as well as the furthest Southeastern reach of the United States.

The athlete Through building an experiential corridor to separate the athlete from their apparent surroundings, an ideal state of mental preparation and endurance is instilled within the athlete. The red corridor that runs through the space sets up a path for the athlete to travel, one to focus on, one to place oneself within the ideal frame of mind before facing their challengers. Here, the arena or workout destination becomes the ultimate place, worth the lengthy path to reach the finish line, the reward at the end of the tunnel.

Fisher Body #21â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expansive footprint and great size enable stacked activities to occur simultaneously and appropriately.

The spectator. The casual spectator follows the conventional means of observation, represented here through grouped seating. This spectator supports the athlete in plain sight, visible to facilitate the traditional spectator/ spectacle relationship. This condition is ideal for larger, more regimented activities, yet does not limit the space to function one way or another. In several cases this group of observers can and will also become a spectacle of its own, where the athlete reverses the role and allows the spectator to become the spectacle.

Reserved and curious, the observer in between. This group of observers sits between the athlete, the spectator, and the athlete above, able to witness all levels of interaction between. From this point, these three degrees of relationship between the spectator and the spectacle are achieved during any level and occupation of activity, maintaining the condition of spectacle throughout any point in the operation of this reincarnated Fisher Body #21.

When the spectator becomes the spectacle, watching becomes a sport. Situations are created during various activity and spatial occupation that set up a hierarchy of voyeurism. Beyond the base level of observation (bleachers adjacent to the vast open space), are tiered conditions that allow one to experience and through various levels of involvement. In the case on the right, the exposed yet concealed structure system becomes an active and intensive means of observing current spatial occupations. The observer in this case becomes an athlete, reaching their destination of viewing through the same means that the athlete reaches the â&#x20AC;&#x153;field.â&#x20AC;? However, this athlete remains concealed, removed from the realm of the spectacle, choosing when and when not to be seen.

100

But could Fisher 21 ever take this on? Perhaps the plant is destined to stay as it is now, lost, vacant, and abandoned by its people. Maybe. #

101

102

Images have been sourced from various on-line sources, including: 1. http://www.artificialowl.net/ 2. http://www.flickr.com/ 3. http://www.forgottendetroit.com/ 4. http://forgottenmichigan.com/ 5. http://silentbuildings.com/ 6. http://www.sweet-juniper.com/

103

The students have attempted to cite sources whenever possible and make no claim of ownership to the visual imagery or statistical data used.

104

EMPLOYING BIOMIMICRY IN THE CREATION OF ELECTRICITY AND METHANOL FUEL THROUGH INFRASTRUCTURE ABOVE THE DEPRESSED URBAN HIGHWAY

The following research proposes a new energy infrastructure that harnesses solar energy and produces electricity and methanol fuel. The exploration of various species of plants and the process of photosynthesis, the design project seeks a new output for sustainable energy production and consumption. The depressed urban highway stages the appropriate site for the installation of the energy infrastructure to maximize its efficiency and inhabits a space that is ignored in our present civilization. Support of the energy infrastructure deploys an interconnected network to engage the human and the machine in an informative and instantaneous conversation. The network continually provides real-time information of the current capturing efficiency, production, and user consumption of the energy infrastructure system. The ensuing documentation provides a new approach to the harnessing and production of energy.

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“Biomimicry says: if it can’t be found in nature, there is probably a good reason for its absence. It may have been tried, and long ago edited out of the population. Natural selection is wisdom in action.” 1 jayne benyus

107 Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate) is a discipline that studies nature’s best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems.2 Utilizing biomimicry as a device to launch an investigation for studying new ideas of implementing, harvesting, and producing energy by discovering what works in the natural world, and more important, what lasts.3 This research in nature identifies specific species that capture sunlight and produce energy in highly efficient processes. The ability to combine several of these species and mimic their characteristics in nature help analyze the current civilization’s use of energy producing systems and the negative effect they have on the environment. Jayne Benyus, a leading biomimicry scientist, talks about how “in a biomemitic world, we would manufacture the way plants and animals do, using sun and simple compounds to produce totally biodegradable fibers, ceramics, plastics, and chemicals.”4 Employing this approach, the process of photosynthesis presents a simple and effective method of producing energy using three ingredients: water, solar electricity, and carbon dioxide. The individual leaves of the Velvetleaf weed independently track the sun to efficiently collect the maximum amount of solar energy per surface area. The composition of the surface of a Lotus leaf contains microscopic bumps that allows the plant to deploy a method of self cleaning. The exploration of these ideas and how they amalgamate to propose a new structure of energy deployment follows.

108

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Since daylight is essential for the process of photosynthesis, every plant must, as far as possible, position its leaves so that each collects its share without interfering with any others the plant may have.â&#x20AC;? 5 asknature.com

109 Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar.6 The most essential process of photosynthesis is daylight, in which every plant must, as far as possible, position its leaves so that each collects its share without interfering with any others the plant may have. This requires the leaves to change posture throughout the day as the sun moves across the sky.7 This natural process that many different species use to create energy should gain more attention in our civilization as a process to create necessary energy. The design proposal utilizes this method to produce energy in different forms for different applications. Without this natural means of manufacturing, the system would rely on conventional processes of production thus ignoring our failures of our current civilization. Mimicking the natural production of photosynthesis using natural ingredients will substantially reduce toxic emissions from the manufacturing process. The design project explores photosynthesis in collaboration with the following mimicry of specific species.

110

“Velvetleaf is considered a Diaheliotropic species in which movements maintain leaves more nearly perpendicular to the sun’s rays“ 8 Thomas W. Jurik and William C. Akey

111 The Velvetleaf deploys a phenomenon of heliotropism, or solartracking, that allows the weed to outgrow the soybean plants. Velvetleaf is actually considered a Diaheliotropic species in which movements maintain leaves more nearly perpendicular to the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rays than nontracking leaves. Diaheliotropic leaves can intercept more quanta and have a greater potential daily photosynthetic gain than typical nontracking leaves.9 The leaves work independently from each other, but the indpendency of the leaves actually produces a highly cohesive system that maximizes solar intake. Though the leaves act independently, the system as a whole works as a cohesive unit that captures the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day. The leaf movements consist of both a rotational movement relative to the long axis of the petiole, the connection from the leaf to the stem, and a change in angle of the blade with respect to the petiole.10 This allows great flexibility for each leaf for optimal gain in solar harvesting. Velvetleaf is also more efficient in terms of photosynthesis per unit leaf weight.11 Incorporating this independent movement of leaves, the proposal reproduces this system and maximizes the solar gain. Without the autonomous behavior of the leaves the system would not harness enough solar energy to provide any benefit over the deployable systems of the current civilization. Mimicking the Velvetleaf allows the proposal design to engage in highly efficient processes of harnessing solar energy in addition to creating separate forms of energy for different user demands.

112

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lotus Leaf dirt particles get in contact with the surface on the peaks of the bumps only. Thereby their adhesion-forces to the surface are minimized and they are washed off by rolling water drops.â&#x20AC;? 12 asknature.com

The Lotus leaf, typically known as the Lily Pad, utilizes a self cleaning device that allows the plant to stay dirt-free without expending any energy. The leaf surface of Lotus flower, Nelumbo nucifera, contains a double structure that is not smooth. The plant’s cuticle is made up of soluble lipids embedded in a polyester matrix, or wax, but the degree of its water repellency is extreme, referred to as superhydrophobic. Lotus leaves exhibit extensive folding and epicuticular wax crystals that jut out from the plant’s surface, resulting in a roughened microscale surface. As water and air adhere less well than water and solids, roughened surfaces tend to reduce adhesive force on water droplets, as trapped air in the interstitial spaces of the roughened surface result in a reduced liquid-to-solid contact area. Dirt particles on the leaf ’s surface stick to these droplets, both due to natural adhesion between water and solids and because contact with the leaf surface is reduced by over 95% from the leaf ’s micro-topography. The slightest angle in the surface of the leaf, typically caused by a passing breeze, then causes the balls of water to roll off due to gravity, taking the attached dirt particles with them and cleaning the leaf without expending energy.13 The deployment of this process is quite prevelant in today’s manufacturing and can be found in products such as: paints, glass, textiles, and more, that reduce the need for chemical detergents or costly labor in maintainance. However, the solar manufacturing industry has not thought of utilizing the Lotus effect in its products and currently depends on the user to maintain the device. This proposal aims to utilize the Lotus effect to allow the solar capturing structure to maintain self-dependent and self-maintaining actions.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;We seriously have to consider the implications fossil fuel scarcity holds for the kind of transportation infrastructure we provide.â&#x20AC;? 14 Chrissna du Plessis

115 The exploration of Methanol as an alternative fuel is now focusing on natural means of production. Through the mimicking of photosynthesis, new research shows that combining water, carbon dioxide, and electricity can create a completely natural product of Methanol. This process is, in effect, a reversal of the direct methanol fuel cell which uses methanol and oxygen to make electricity. In the process of photosynthesis, green plants use the energy of sunlight to split water into free oxygen (which is released) and free hydrogen. Rather than attempt to store the hydrogen, plants immediately capture carbon dioxide from the air to allow the hydrogen to reduce it to storable fuels such as hydrocarbons (plant oils and terpenes) and polyalcohols (glycerol, sugars and starches). In the methanol economy, any process which similarly produces free hydrogen, proposes to immediately use it â&#x20AC;&#x153;captivelyâ&#x20AC;? to reduce carbon dioxide into methanol, which, like plant products from photosynthesis, has great advantages in storage and transport.15 Deployment and use of this new natural Methanol allows todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s internal combustion engines to run, but also enables future technology like fuel cells to harness this fuel because the product is a liquid which is easy to store and distribute. One of the many benefits of Methanol is that it contains no aromatic compounds and therefore produces no benzene emissions.16

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STEEL TUBE STRUCTURE THAT HOUSES WIRING FOR THE TRANSFER OF HARVESTED ENERGY

CUSTOM MALE AND FEMALE CONNECTIONS

SELF-DEPENDENT SOLAR MATERIAL

STRUCTURAL FRAME FOR SOLAR DEVICE

PROPOSED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM This modular unit utilizes the Velvetleaf ’s approach to harvesting energy through the creation of a single device that independently seeks to maximize solar capturing per surface area. The device mimics the diaheliotropic movement of the Velvetleaf ’s single leaves and when multiple units are combined the system evolves into a complex cohesive system that utilizes the power of the sun and uses the energy to create methanol. The solar material also proposes to mimic the architectural makeup of the Lotus leaf with its super hydrophobic surface that consistently allows the leaf ’s to self clean. Employing this strategy allows the material and device to remain self dependent and minimizes the necessary maintenance of a human beneficiary.

VEMENT THROUGHOUT THE AR MO DAY SOL

SOLAR ENERGY

PROPOSED RESEARCH DESIGN PRODUCTION STRUCTURE SOLAR MATERIAL

INDEPENDENT SELF TRACKING SOLAR DEVICES

ELECTRICITY METHANOL

CARBON DIOXIDE WATER

MIMICKED PHOTOSYNTHESIS DIAGRAM

MIMICKED DIAHELIOTROPIC DIAGRAM

INDIVIDUAL HEX MODULAR UNIT (SEE RIGHT)

10:00

12:00

PROPOSED SOLAR TRACKING DIAGRAM

THIS ALLOWS THE INDIVIDUAL UNIT TO MAXIMIZE IT’S SOLAR INTAKE WHICH ALLOWS THE SYSTEM TO HARVEST ITS MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY PER SURFACE AREA.

08:00

14:00 INDIVIDUAL UNIT TRACKS THE SUN THROUGHOUT THE DAY REMAINING AT A PERPENDICULAR ANGLE TO THE SUN AT ALL TIME.

16:00

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DETROIT, MI SOLAR PATH PROJECTIONS 17

“…our transition to sustainability must be a deliberate choice to leave the linear surge of an extractive economy and enter a circulating, renewable one.” 18

Jayne Benyus

“…our transition to sustainability must be a deliberate choice to leave the linear surge of an extractive economy and enter a circulating, renewable one.” 22

Jayne Benyus

DEPRESSED URBAN FREEWAY CONDITION: DEMONSTRATES A POINT OF INTEREST FOR THE PROPOSAL SITE USED FOR PROPOSAL 119

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airspace for energy infrastructure

121 Detroit, Michigan. In the early 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Detroit was the center for the automotive boom and the infrastructure to handle this influx in automobiles was lagging behind. However, the invention and installation of the depressed urban highway in the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the metro area pioneered the way for automotive infrastructure for the entire nation. This system accommodated the progressing number of automobiles with great efficiency, but it also created a zone of empty and unoccupied space that currently consists of pedestrian bridges, automotive bridges, and road signage. Occupying this space with a structural system solely dedicated to harnessing the unlimited supply of solar energy and producing clean and natural fuel vastly improves the efficiency of the automobile on the urban highway.

image 9

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airspace for energy infrastructure

image 10

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;in nature there is no waste and no borders, just nested systems where each part of the system supports the existence of another part.â&#x20AC;? 19 Chrissna du Plessis

The following design proposal utilizes the previously mentioned modular unit to create an energy structure in the unoccupied space above the depressed urban highway in Detroit, Michigan. The proposal, the Harvest Refueling Station, redefines the refueling process as purely an activity and omits the conveinence of the current fueling experience. The station provides clean, efficient, cheap fuel that is manufactured purely from water, solar energy, and carbon dioxide that benefits both the user and the environment. The system is designed to adapt to future technologies or uses, but is intended to provide alternative fuel promoting sustianability.

The following series of images demonstrates the consumerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s path of approach to a Harvest Refueling Station.

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;it is the fittest who survive, not necessarily the strongest; to be the fittest, you have to adapt, or you will dieâ&#x20AC;? 20 Chrissna du Plessis

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“If we agree to follow this ethical path, the question becomes: how do we judge the “rightness” of our innovations? How do we make sure that they are lifepromoting? The best way to scrutinize our innovations is to compare them to what has come before. Does this strategy or design have precedence in nature? Has something like it been time-tested long enough to wear a seal of approval?” 21 Jayne Benyus

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Providing an outlet of inter-connectedness, the Harvest Refueling Station enables the user to remain connected to the machine at all times and instantaneously. This wireless database provides specific information to the user that informs them of current production per refueling station and also constantly tracks the consumerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s personal statistics per use of the system. The wireless database also assists the mobile consumer in determining which refueling station has the greatest capacity at the current time as well as the fastest consumer refueling times. Overall, this proposal seeks an alternative process to the creation and delivery of a purely sustainable fuel. The Harvest Refueling System provides an interconnected database that continually connects the consumer with the refueling system providing real time updates across multiple wireless mediums. The goal of the system is to not only provide an efficient model of refueling but also to allow the consumer to constantly connect to the system for information.

iPhone

10:12 PM

HARVEST ENERGY ÂŠ 2010 English (US)

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“Biomimicr y Guild - Conversation with Janine Benyus.” Biomimicr y Guild - Innovation Consultancy for BioInspired Design. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. biomimicr yguild.com/janineinter view.html>. “Biomimicr y Guild - Conversation with Janine Benyus.” Biomimicr y Guild - Innovation Consultancy for BioInspired Design. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. biomimicr yguild.com/janineinter view.html>. Benyus, Jayne. “Biomimicr y Guild - Chapter 1 Biomimicr y : Innovation Inspired by Nature.” Biomimicr y Guild - Innovation Consultancy for Bio-Inspired Design. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.biomimicr yguild.com/ janinefirstchap.html>. “Quote of the Day : Janine Benyus on Biomimicr y.” TreeHugger. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.treehugger. com/files/2007/10/janine_benyus.php>. “Leaves Maximize Sun Exposure: Plant s - Ask Nature - the Biomimicr y Design Por tal: Biomimetics, Architecture, Biology, Innovation Inspired by Nature, Industrial Design.” Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.asknature.org/ strategy/48ca5bafeeb8e8e88f2a55a09d49eedd>. “Photosynthesis.” Other Information. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/Bio104/photosyn. htm>. Jurik , Thomas W., and William C. Akey. “Solar-tracking Leaf Movement s in Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti).” Plant Ecology 112.2 (1994): 93-99. SpringerLink . Springer Netherlands. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. springerlink .com/content/n7108t408n466003/fulltext . pdf>. Jurik , Thomas W., and William C. Akey. “Solar-tracking Leaf Movement s in Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti).” Plant Ecology 112.2 (1994): 93-99. SpringerLink . Springer Netherlands. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. springerlink .com/content/n7108t408n466003/fulltext . pdf>. Jurik , Thomas W., and William C. Akey. “Solar-tracking Leaf Movement s in Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti).” Plant Ecology 112.2 (1994): 93-99. SpringerLink . Springer Netherlands. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. springerlink .com/content/n7108t408n466003/fulltext .

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pdf>. Jurik , Thomas W., and William C. Akey. “Solar-tracking Leaf Movement s in Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti).” Plant Ecology 112.2 (1994): 93-99. SpringerLink . Springer Netherlands. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. springerlink .com/content/n7108t408n466003/fulltext . pdf>. Jurik , Thomas W., and William C. Akey. “Solar-tracking Leaf Movement s in Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti).” Plant Ecology 112.2 (1994): 93-99. SpringerLink . Springer Netherlands. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w. springerlink .com/content/n7108t408n466003/fulltext . pdf>.. “Hydrophobic Surface Allows Self-cleaning: Sacred Lotus - Ask Nature - the Biomimicr y Design Por tal: Biomimetics, Architecture, Biology, Innovation Inspired by Nature, Industrial Design.” Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// w w w.asknature.org/strategy/714e970954253ace485abf1c ee376ad8>. “Hydrophobic Surface Allows Self-cleaning: Sacred Lotus - Ask Nature - the Biomimicr y Design Por tal: Biomimetics, Architecture, Biology, Innovation Inspired by Nature, Industrial Design.” Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// w w w.asknature.org/strategy/714e970954253ace485abf1c ee376ad8>. Christina du Plessis, “Boiling Frogs, Sinking Ships, Bursting Dykes and the End of the World as We Know It ,” International Electronic Journal of Construction, Special Issue on Sustainable Construction, 14 May 2003, online at http://w w w.bcn.ufl.edu/ Moore, Bill. “EV WORLD: Beyond Oil and Gas -- The Methanol Economy -- Par t 2.” Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// w w w.ev world.com/ar ticle.cfm?stor yid=1049>. “Exhaustion: A Guide to Transpor tation Emissions Methanol.” UCSD CENG 176. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// chemelab.ucsd.edu/methanol/memos/methanol.html>. “Sun-Path Diagram Projection Methods | Performative Design | Dr. Andrew Marsh. Web. 18 April 2010. <http:// andrewmarsh.com/script s/educational/sun-pathdiagram-projection-methods>. Benyus, Janine M. Biomimicr y : Innovation Inspired by

19.

20.

21.

Nature. New York: Quill, 1998. Print . Christina du Plessis, “Boiling Frogs, Sinking Ships, Bursting Dykes and the End of the World as We Know It ,” International Electronic Journal of Construction, Special Issue on Sustainable Construction, 14 May 2003, online at http://w w w.bcn.ufl.edu/ Christina du Plessis, “Boiling Frogs, Sinking Ships, Bursting Dykes and the End of the World as We Know It ,” International Electronic Journal of Construction, Special Issue on Sustainable Construction, 14 May 2003, online at http://w w w.bcn.ufl.edu/ Benyus, Janine M. Biomimicr y : Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: Quill, 1998. Print .

images: (pages) 4,5. Photograph. “Mussels And Barnacles.” John Har vey Photo. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.johnhar veyphoto.com/ BotanicalBeach/MusselsAndBarnacles.html>. 6,7. “File:Starr 060922-9192 Kokia Cookei.jpg - Wikimedia Commons.” Main Page - Wikimedia Commons. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Starr_060922-9192_Kokia_cookei.jpg>. 8,9. Photograph. Weeds of Oregon. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// markandbarbshepard.net/WeedsOfOregon/Plant s.htm>. 10,11. Photograph. “Lotus Leaf and Drop Pictures from Flowers Photos on Webshot s.” Home & Garden Photos and Pictures on Webshot s. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http:// home-and-garden.webshot s.com/photo/1072291448036 605210qwzGXj>. 12,13. Photograph. “Leaf Structure 2 Vista Wallpaper | Plant s Vista Wallpapers.” Free Windows Vista ® Wallpaper for Windows Vista, Windows XP and More! Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.new vistawallpaper.com/plant s-wallpapers/ leaf-structure-2.html>. 18,19. Photograph. “Michigan @ AARoads - Interstate 96.” Calendar. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.aaroads.com/ midwest/i-096_mi.html>. 20,21. Photograph. “Michigan @ AARoads - Interstate 96.” Calendar. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. <http://w w w.aaroads.com/ midwest/i-096_mi.html>.

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Situating the Brand Detroitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Start-Ups as Interactive Network. Alivia Stalnaker

136

Networked system of micro-foundations

Business as microfoundation

Business as community engagement Business as steward Business at start-up

137

Business as Community Trans-disciplinary Model + Atmosphere

Working at the micro-scale of the city,

This framework, embedded gradually in

the start-up matrix shifts away from the

various Detroit neighborhoods, acts as a

historically-perceived business model of

way to build up the quality of life business

entrepreneur to mogul (to repercussion/

and community together through active

image-driven foundation). Instead, it

interaction, rather than as passively separate

prototypes a series of interconnected

and disconnected entities, and prompts the

networks of newly-developed businesses

development of a micro-foundation. Here,

as a collaborative initiative/brand for both

a platform is created to merge the skills of

the city and the entrepreneurs involved.

new graduates with skilled tradesman.

138

Start-Up Matrix

SCIENCE > ADVERTISING > RETAIL > SERVICE > FINANCIAL SERVICE > CIVIL > CONSTRUCTION > CREATIVE > HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE > TECHNOLOGY > FINANCIAL > TRAVEL > RECREATION FOOD > PLANT/AGRICULTURE > SCIENCE > MEDIA/PUBLISHING > CREATIVE RETAIL > PLANT/AGRICULTURE > SCIENCE > CREATIVE > CIVIL Books > _____ > Chemist > Graphic Designer > Law yer _____ > _____ > Microbiologist > Photographer > Environmental Attorney _____ > Hor ticulture > Biologist > Landscape Architect > _____ _____ > Interior Designer > _____ > _____ > _____ Clothing > Florist > _____ > Sculptor > _____ Antiques > Landscaping > _____ > Industrial Designer > _____ Musical Instrument s > Tree Trimming > _____ > Cinematographer > _____ ENTERTAINMENT > FOOD > SERVICE > PLANT/AGRICULTURE > TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING > CREATIVE > TECHNOLOGY > RECREATION > ADVERTISING PERSONAL CARE > SERVICE > CIVIL > MEDIA/PUBLISHING > CONSTRUCTION CREATIVE > CONSTRUCTION > SERVICE > MEDIA/PUBLISHING > MANUFACTURING Architect > Mason > _____ > Freelance Writer > Fabric Distributor Industrial Designer > Sur veyor > _____ > Publisher > _____ Web Designer > Developer > _____ > Copy writer > _____ > Graphic Designer > Title Contractor > _____ > Literar y Agent > _____ Illustrator > Welder > ___ > Transcript Ser vices > Tone Car tridge Recycling Photographer > _____ > _____ > Proofreader > ______ Furniture Builder > Demolition Ser vices > _____ > Printer > TECHNOLOGY > ADVERTISING > SCIENCE > TRAVEL > FINANCIAL FOOD > TECHNOLOGY > RETAIL > RECREATION > MEDIA/PUBLISHING CIVIL > MEDIA/PUBLISHING > HEALTH CARE > SERVICE > PLANT/AGRICULTURE PERSONAL CARE > CIVIL > PLANT/AGRICULTURE > SERVICE > TECHNOLOGY HEALTH CARE > ENTERTAINMENT > CREATIVE > MANUFACTURING > RETAIL

Eastern Market

od wa

139

rd Av e . Ford Field Commeric a Park

Dequindr e Cut Greenway

Jef

o er s

ve.

Fox Theatre A

Detroit Opera House

Greektow n

MGM Grand

Campus Mar tius

Michigan Ave.

Riverfron t Walkway Riverfron t Conser vancy

Cobo Hall

Joe Louis Arena

Har t Plaza

Cobo Arena

Windsor, Ontario Canada

0 mi.

1/4 mi.

Primar y Locations

1/2 mi. Other Potential Locations

1 mi.

140

Alternative Downtown

Location [Shelby Street

Location [Bagley Street

and State Street] 3

and Park Avenue] 4

141

Alternative East Riverfront Location

Alternative East Riverfront

[Franklin Street between Orleans

Location [Franklin Street

Street and St . Aublin Street] 5

and St . Aublin Street] 6

142

143 Downtown Location 9,10,11 Located in Grand Circus Park with close proximity to Woodward Avenue Facade preser vation with steel structure Open site behind existing facade [Exterior project and potential community project]

East Riverfront Location 12,13 Close proximity to Riverfront development and Dequindre Cut Greenway Surrounding site potential for community project s Multiple access point s Natural light at perimeter Possible high-bay space Interior work with potential for exterior inter vention

144 Start-Up Matrix Model A 58 W. Adams Street, Detroit, MI 48226 CREATIVE > Group Workspace > Pin-up Space > Material Storage > Resource Library CONSTRUCTION > Individual Workspace > Resource Library SERVICE > Individual Workspace > Resource Library MEDIA/PUBLISHING > Group Workspace > Pin-up Space > Material Storage > Resource Library MANUFACTURING > Group Workspace > Individual Workspace > Resource Library COLLECTIVE > Copy/fax Station > Cafe Space (Meeting) > Restrooms > Mechanical > Conference > Think Tank > Transient Worker Stations > Prototyping Space

* Underlined spaces as oppor tunity for blurred moment s (or element as connective tissue).

conference

Group workSpace

Ind. work pin-up space

communal terrace/ event space

Workspace

Ind. work

material storage

Ind. work

transient worker stations

cafe

communal terrace/event space

vertical circulation

[ ]

145

[ ] think tank

RESOURCE LIBRARY RESOURCE LIBRARY RESOURCE LIBRARY RESOURCE LIBRARY RESOURCE LIBRARY [ ]

[ prototyping space ] WORKSPACE ind. work

ind. work ind. work

pin-up space

material storage material storage

WORKSPACE Typical Longitudinal Section Scale: 1/16” = 1’-0”

146 Start-Up Matrix Model B 1490 Franklin Street, Detroit, MI 48207 RETAIL > Retail Space > Stock Room > Individual Workspace > (Entrance) PLANT/AGRICULTURE > Individual Workspace > Resource Library > Exterior/Interior “Green” Lab SCIENCE > Laboratory > Material/Chemical Storage > Resource Library > Individual Workspace CREATIVE > Group Workspace > Pin-up Space > Material Storage > Resource Library CIVIL > Individual Workspace > Resource Library COLLECTIVE > Copy/fax Station > Cafe Space (Meeting) > Restrooms > Mechanical > Conference > Think Tank > Transient Worker Stations > Prototyping Space

* Underlined spaces as oppor tunity for blurred moment s (or element as connective tissue).

147

communal terrace/event space Resource Library Resource Library Resource Library Resource Library

vertical circulation

conference [ ] ind. work transient worker stations

Exterior “green lab”

think ind. work tank

interior “green lab”

[ prototyping space ] cafe [ ] Laboratory Workspace> <RETAIL SPACE pin-up space

group workspace ind. work

transient worker stations

ind. work

material storage

Typical Longitudinal Section Scale: 1/16” = 1’-0”

[B]

148 [Dark Room]

Fir st Floor Plan Scale: 3/64” = 1’-0” + 3’-6”

[Loading Dock]

[Storage]

DOWN

[Resources]

[A]

+6’-6”

[Storage]

[Copy Station]

[Storage]

149

1490 Franklin Street Typology: Warehouse [Three Floors]

In prototyping networked-situations within

activity is categorized rather than

the businesses incubator, collaborative

prescribed territories per start-up “unit;”

[or hinge] spaces operate to connect

office hierarchy, often established by

workspaces both visually and physically. Here,

enclosed offices, is blurred as individuals

conventional parameters of circulation are

disperse within this environment. Lines

extracted and programmatically expanded,

between private and public space also

segueing into alternative modes of navigation.

become skewed as the facility avails itself

Screening and reveals become contributors

for public events and workshops—initiating

to the performance as well. With the

an interactive scene for the community and

fluctuation of occupants, the type of work

its entrepreneur.

[B]

150 [Open to Below]

Second Floor Plan Scale: 3/64” = 1’-0” Right :

-2’-0”

Third Floor Plan Scale: 3/64” = 1’-0” DOWN

[Laborator y]

[Resources]

[A] [Open to Below]

[Cafe]

[B]

151

[Conference Room]

[Think Tank]

[Open to Below]

[A] [Open to Below] [Think Tank]

[Copy Station]

152

Longitudinal Section [A] Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

153

[Conference Room]

[Think Tank]

Large Group

Medium Group

Small Group

Individual

154

[Pin-up Space]

[Conference Room]

[Think Tank]

[Laborator y]

Transver se Section [B] Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

155

Large Group

Medium Group

Small Group

Individual

156

[Retail]

Primar y Entrance at Riopelle Street Visible Activity at Entrance Sequence

157

[Mezzanine]

[Creative Workspace]

158

Expanded Program at Primar y Ver tical Circulation Visible Activity at Ver tical Circulation Sequence

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160 1.

Occupation Stick Figure Icons. Photograph. IStockphoto. 19 Feb. 2008. Web. 15 Feb. 2010. <http://w w w.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration5409114-occupation-stick-figure-icons.php>.

Occupation Stick Figure Icons. Photograph. IStockphoto. 25 Apr. 2008. Web. 15 Feb. 2010. <http://w w w.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/ illustrations-vectors/vector-icons/5964633occupation-stick-figures.php?id=5964633>.

Shelby Street and State Street , Detroit , MI.Personal photograph by author. 2010.

Bagley Street and Park Avenue, Detroit , MI.Personal photograph by author. 2010.

Franklin Street between Orleans Street and St . Aublin Street , Detroit , MI.Personal photograph by author. 2010.

Franklin Street and St . Aublin Street , Detroit , MI.Personal photograph by author. 2010.

Map. Google Maps. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. <http:// maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=58+w.+adams+ street+detroit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=58+ W+Adams+St ,+Detroit ,+MI+48226&gl=us&ei=zv7a S92NOI7q9gS52-FM&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct =image&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ8gEwAA>.

Lot , 58 W. Adams Street Detroit , MI. Personal photograph by author. 2010.

10. Facade Detail, 58 W. Adams Street Detroit , MI. Personal photograph by author. 2010.

11. Front Facade, 58 W. Adams Street Detroit , MI. Personal photograph by author. 2010. 12. Franklin Facade, 1490 Franklin Street Detroit , MI. Personal photograph by author. 2010. 13. Loading dock , 1490 Franklin Street Detroit , MI. Personal photograph by author. 2010.

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Massive Color A saturation proposal for the shrinking city. Dorothy Schwankl

164 Using an established indicator of intervention, the “fresh paint”

Through a series of interventions that take on multiple scales, the

sign is an signal of investment in the maintenance of the surface.

productivity of this landscape is forefronted.

Whether this undertaken by a government institution, a community

There is no singular object, no singular author, no singular scale, no singular surface, and no prescribed plan of the result.

organization, an elementary school class, a graffiti artist, or an individual homeowner; the effect is still the same. The color shows that the surface has worth—that the landscape is still productive. The value of color over whiteness has been debated in architectural discourse such that the use of surface color has been criticized. Potentially distracting from the form, spatial experience, or material palette of the building for new structures, in the landscape of Hamtramck, this distraction is warranted. In a landscape that is increasingly gray, bleak, and blank; color is necessary. There is an

Rather there is a proposed network of how this idea could overlay with

attachment to color in this place: Henry Ford’s “any color...so long

the existing urban fabric. It questions the treatment of all surfaces:

as it is black” decree, state-of-the-art paint robots filled the new GM

infrastructural objects, built form, and even deeper surfaces like the

Assembly Plant in the 1980s, and lately the removal of abandoned

ground. The tagging of these surfaces is meant to act as a catalyst.

structures from these blocks leaves the neighborhood increasingly empty and gray. The shrinking population of this neighborhood leaves the surface landscape even bleaker as more houses are abandoned, burned, and demolished.

165

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Color becomes weight, matter, and substance.â&#x20AC;? -Alessandro Mendini Colours (2001)

166

Color Medley While there would be a color prescribed for each year based on the Pantone predictions, the overall palette of the neighborhood would contain a variety of tones. Standard greens remain constant from year to year, but the remainder of the palette is a variable entity. Fading with time, the painted surfaces are not static, but rather are subject to weathering, vandalism, and chromatic changes. The decision of when to re-paint a surface is made by the individual and might be effected by chosen hue. Also, the surface might not be repainted the same color.

What visual landscape arises when all surface colors are called into question? What palette develops when saturated color is encouraged, but not controlled?

167

Time Lapse Saturation

Initial high-density

In this simulation, black represents

development and

value placed in the built environment by

investment

conventional means. The de-valuing of the neighborhood, which corresponded with the movement to the suburbs and increased with the detachment of this neighborhood from the residential area south of the GM Plant, is represented with the fading to gray. White, or blank, lots are representative of the emptiness. Shades of green are used to show the potential strata of my proposed interventions. While some greens fade, get replaced, or disappear completely; others inspire the painting of other surfaces

The city takes

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Massive Colorâ&#x20AC;? proposal

responsibility to

simulation begins

demolish abandoned structures

and ultimately a re-investment in this neighborhood. Since these interventions cannot be controlled by a single entity, there is a great variety in the hues deployed.

Other color s are introduced by individuals

169

Surface

Tagging, marking, owning.

In terms of owning a vertical plane, there are multiple ways in which the surface can be appropriated. In this landscape of decreased density, the ownership of surface is dominated by taggers. Not works of art, but really just cursory defacement of property, these tags claim surfaces in the most primitive way. While there are other ways of owning surfaces, like painting entire fences or porches bright blue, the active occupants dictate what form takes over. Right : Existing blue painted fence (with desaturation exaggerated), Danfor th Street , Hamtramck . Below: Existing tagging, Hamtramck .

171

Surface Breakdown In the existing landscape of this Hamtramck neighborhood, insertions of vibrant color already exist. With the church pictured, the painted foundation and window frames transform a typical house into an intentional spectacleâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a destination. This condition can be distilled to a representation where the background fades to gray. Fading further, the context disappears such that only the red painted surfaces are visible. Taken one step further, the planes that these surfaces define are illustrated. This phenomenon of defining planes through painting frames can be taken on more directly by painting entire planes. When surface becomes spectacle, rather than object, what spatial network is created? Rather than defining ownership through land plots that extrude up from the horizontal plane, what landscape is created when vertical planes are occupied? What network of planes is woven through the fabric of the neighborhood? Breaking free from the confines of the ground plane and conventional means of tagging,

how can surfaces have agency?

Above: Existing church on Grayling Street , Hamtramck .

173

The Revolving Wall While graffiti artists capitalize on continuous surfaces to present their work, the subversion of a seemingly continuous plane creates a vertical landscape that incorporates the color-coded interventions with the local tagging. By scrambling the tagging when the panels are rotated independently, the tags become fragmented. Their message is undermined by this process. The resulting surface is a constantly evolving object that is both of the neighborhood, of the new building, and of something else entirely that is the conglomeration of elements.

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176

the acceptor

the traditionalist

the subtle individualist

leaves the fence as-is

replaces all the fenceposts

paints one fencepost magenta

177

the purist

the neutralist

the artist

paints all the fenceposts white

paints all the fenceposts â&#x20AC;&#x153;macadamia nutâ&#x20AC;? to

paints the fenceposts in a variety of colors

match the garage door

that are this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pantone favorites

Program Functioning as some sort of perpendicular alley, the residential street grid is subverted as a means of reclaiming the empty spaces. Not as a comment about the abandonment of the city, but as a purposeful tool to capitalize on the new connections/paths created in opposition to the unforgiving paved street grid. The program that inhabits these spaces functions much like a shotgun-style house. In order to connect between two streets within the existing fabric the forms are elongated. Entering on one street and exiting on another creates traffic flows that upset the rhythm of the existing one-way streets.

Left : Shotgun-style house plan. Right : View through the gap between houses to the next block , Goodson Street , Hamtramck .

179

Ecology The ground plane in this neighborhood is being emptied as condemned buildings are demolished by the city and the scrubby grass is being mowed by the city. Instead of the ground fading to white, these deep surfaces could be used productively. Left unattended these spaces would eventually become overrun by invasive species. Instead of proposing a â&#x20AC;&#x153;World Without Usâ&#x20AC;? style approach, these interventions would involved simple moves that increase the biodiversity, oxygen production, and groundwater retention in the area. By removing a curb to allow a low area to become a wetland from street runoff or planting a line of trees, simple gestures make the ground a productive surface. While not directly related to the proclamation of a adding pigment to show productivity, the plants themselves take on this role. The plants themselves become a recognizable part of the network of intervention through their alignment within the system.

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w o fl

te fil

r e p

t ea

Infrastructure To show government investment in the neighborhood (beyond the clearing of abandoned houses) any new infrastructure is painted to highlight its appearance. Typically unnoticed, the systems in place to support the urban fabric represent their own complex network of maintenance, replacement, and efficiency. By saturating this network with color, the government agencies have agency in the neighborhood.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Most of the time, we live our lives within these invisible systems, blissfully unaware of the artificial life, the intensely designed infrastructures that support them.â&#x20AC;? -Bruce Mau Massive Change (2004)

183

Affect & The Grotesque Instead of considering the existing landscape the grotesque, these interventions propose that through their saturation that they are in fact the grotesque. Potentially fantastically ugly, absurd, or of incongruous combinations the additions of color to the surface of the neighborhood build up affect that is intentionally jarring. The area has been subjected to all sorts of industrially grotesque practices over the yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;massive scale changes to the landscape in the name of progress. As the automotive industry moves elsewhere, the new grotesque is massive and colorful.

1910 1955 The Dodge Main Plant opens in Hamtramck .

The Dodge 1955 models at the peak

of the plantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifespan in Hamtramck .

1981

The Dodge Main Plant is demolished.

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1985 Through controver sial eminent

domain practices, a GM Plant is opened on the expanded Dodge Main site which includes surrounding neighborhood. The new plant is equipped with state-of-the-ar t technology, including paint robot s, which reduce the anticipated number of employees.

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ku c i p

enber t s li jab int pa lor co

a sh

il bu

pil

st a

pla

y cr n h ru laug l l ye

ff o p

ive

ng mi

e n i h

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it hib

y r d

ru c s ax w e

e ins

rin

suhb a w r

sc aminse fo rter ak t so i m epr rn

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Unit Tectonic Studies

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The Grande Ballroom 8952 Grand River Anvenue

8:00am

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1:33pm

8:47pm

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10:32pm

6:06am

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8:05am

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United Artists Theatre 118 Monroe Street

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7:59am

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11:31am

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2:45pm

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4:37pm

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8:03pm

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2:21am

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6:24am

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8:51am

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Vanity Ballroom Theatre 1024 New Port Street

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12:02pm

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11:44pm

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7:01am

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9:05am 8:00am

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MOTHBALLING Detroit’s somewhat stagnant condition gets aggravated by the number of empty structures scattered throughout the city. By examining examples from local projects like the Ice House and Object Orange and other projects such as ‘Hidden City’ in Philadelphia and Christo’s wrapped Reichstag in Germany - ‘Mothballing’ the city’s abandoned structures is a strategy to gain attention of citizens, planners and local government to either re-occupy those spaces or tear them down if the building’s condition requires it to do so. On another level, ‘Mothballing’ a structure actually allows the structure to become physically mothballed and sealed so that the building’s condition gets frozen in time not permitting it to decay any further. The second phase of the project is about inspecting the building. The ‘Moth’ that settles on top of the ‘mothballed’ structures introduces a microclimate in the building by controlling the temperature, keeping a check on humidity levels and by allowing hygiene injection to take place. This will make the building more accessible and become temporarily occuppied becoming a testing ground - to determine whether the particular structure can eventually become permanently occuppied or whether the structural condition of it will require it to be torn down. The ‘Moth’ settled on top becomes an indicator of attracting its audience within and through the building. In the third and final phase of the project, the ‘Moth’ is allowed to fly off and independently settle itself in various urban conditions, letting itself become a more accessible and spontaneous part of the city. The building it leaves either gets successfully re-occuppied or torn down.

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48 Vacant Buildings in Downtown Detroit 245

Former MGM Casino Bagley Service Centre Loyal Order of Moose Lodge Grand Army of the Republic Building Detroit Free Press Building United Artist Building Detroit Life Building Blenheim Building 2110 Park 2030 Park Detroit Park Avenue Building AAA Michigan David Whitney Building 1515 Woodward 1505 Woodward 1459 Woodward 1413 Woodward 1414 Woodward 1415 Woodward Elliot Building Krege Building 1200 Woodward Block 62 State Street 30 Clifford

124 Grand River Farwell Building Book Building Lafayette Building 1133 Griswold Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bank Building 735 Griswold Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago 501 Woodward Layne Bryant Arts League of Michigan 1500 Woodward 1412 Woodward 1420 Woodward Metropolitan Building 1301 Broadway Dell Pryor Galleries Wurlitzer Building 1214 Randolph National Theater 139 Cadillac Square 600 Woodward Ford Auditorium 1120 Griswold

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Phase I : Moth-balling

Farwell Building, 1915 1249 Griswold Street, Detroit, MI

Farwell Building, 2010

Farwell Building, 1936

Farwell Building, 1924

Interior View, 2009

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250 2000’

15’

35’

10’

800’

10’

15’

section 001

35’

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Phase II : The Mothâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing

253

2000’

15’

10’

800’

10’

15’

section 002

35’

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255

*LED Leaf Detail 256

green transcluscent plastic box LED (RGB)

photovoltaic panel

transparent glass

cable enter (gland)

dimmer

photovoltaic plate

detail

CPU

battery wire mesh

cable exit structural silicone gasket

battery 12 x 0.5 V

interruptor

257

light sensor

Hotel Habitat - Enric Ruiz Geli (Cloud 9)

258

temperature control

hygiene injection

humidity check

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Phase III: The Moth Away

261 2000’

15’

10’

800’

10’

15’

35’

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building

moth-balled

the moth

fully occupied

Sectional Moths 268

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REROOTING DETROIT

This is a proposal for a ribbon farm in the Dequindre Cut. The Cut, a 2 mile

void, 25 feet below grade, remains a latent organ of the city. By extending the Eastern Market south through the cut and injecting the cut with specific programs, the Dequindre Cut becomes a vital part of Detroit, demanding attention.

The ribbon farm becomes a productive spectacle that extends the length of

the cut. Complimenting the other programs of the cut, the ribbon farm is at times suppressed into a single bed of shared soil, while at other times the farm flares out to the extents of the cut, splitting soils and changing elevations. The farm is broken into growing seasons. The first section of the farm nearest the Eastern Market, called â&#x20AC;&#x153;all season,â&#x20AC;? is a set of conservatories seeking to bring the ethnic locales of Detroit into the cut. Using manufactured micro-climates and existing warehouse infrastructure, these conservatories become a place for harvesting many different crops from different cultures. The other sections of the farm range from May to August. Each season has three bands of crop: vegetable, fruit, flower.

Speed and surface are integral parts of this proposal. Using wood-slatted

infrastructure spaced at specific, changing distances, the user gets a sense of passing crop rows at high speeds. This allows the user to become more self- aware of his/ her speed. Once the distance between the slats is change, the experience of speed becomes augmented, forcing the perception of speed to change, rather than the actual speed. The surface is also very important. With many different users crossing different terrains and improvising when confronted or confused, these surfaces become a recording device. The surfaces inform the lost. They confirm the seeking. In a place such as the Dequindre Cut, whether you see them or not, there is always someone that was just there.

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CROP SPACING

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All Season May June July August

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SITE PLAN

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SECTION SwathS

SECTION A 295

SECTION B

SECTION C

SECTION D 296

SECTION E

SECTION F

SECTION G 297

SECTION H

SECTION I

SECTION J 298

SECTION K

SECTION L

SECTION M 299

SECTION N

SECTION O

SECTION P 300

SECTION Q

SECTION R

SECTION S 301

SECTION T

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TRACING: PLANS/ SECTIONS

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SECTION 1

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SECTION 2

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PLAN 1

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PLAN 2

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Uncapping the abandoned houses Serious fun and urban problems Kahyun Lee

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100 abandoned houses

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When Kevin Bauman began photographing Detroitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s derelict houses in the late â&#x20AC;&#x2122;90s, his intention was to create a record of the homes before they were torn down to make way for new development. A decade later, most of the structures are still standing, as development in Detroit never reached a fever pitch

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An abandoned house on McClellan St. in Detroit, Michiganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s east side on Wednesday, July 15, 2009. There are around 40,000 vacant or abandoned homes and buildings all over the city of Detroit

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The abandoned house will be wrapped in an elastic, translucent white membrane. The abandoned houses will be re-constructed by citizens with inexpensive and easy way and they offer spaces for the citizens such as community center, library, art facilities

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Abandoned house

Frame

Jack post s

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Canvas

Uncapped

Community space Lighting

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Adjustable posts will be arranged through the abandoned houses randomly for supporting structure

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Shrink wrapping the uncapped abandoned houses

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Type 1

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Type 2

Type 3

In response to the relationship with surrounding conditions and empty spaces, 4 types of ghost houses will be provided

Type 4

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Put the jack posts around the

existing walls to support structures

used as it is will be painted by white. Proposed spaces, box units, will be colored with various colors.

be inserted in the houses provide structural balance on the house. Existing walls and floors which are

Exterior walls are removed and by using existing stair cores, jack posts, and new boxes which will

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Make the light weight frame

and remove the existing walls Arrange the jack posts randomly

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Inserted boxes will be painted in color and existing structures will be painted in white

Shrink wrap the houses

Using jack post and shrink wrap, make the inside spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s configurations

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detroit water system an extension of the 1-5-10 plan

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Currently, the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department pumps an average of 675 million gallons per day to more than four million people in 126 communities within its service area. With 5 water treatment facilities, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s an average of 800,000 people served by each facility.

Tuscola

Montcalm

Sanilac

lake huron

Gratiot

Genesee Ionia

Lapeer

St. Clair

Clinton

Oakland Barry

Eaton

Livingston

Ingham

Macomb

detroit Washtenaw

DWSD water treatment facility communities supplied by DWSD Calhoun Jackson

Wayne

city of detroit

Branch

Hillsdale

lake st. clair

Lenawee

canada

Monroe

lake erie

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lake huron Genesee St. Clair

Lapeer

Oakland

Macomb

detroit Wayne

lake st. clair

canada

Monroe

lake erie

... yet the service area barely creeps as far west as Washentenaw County, and leaves large gaps north of Maccomb, south of the Lake Huron intake.

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How could our water system adapt to meet the needs of an increasingly decentralized society?

How could our water system adapt to meet the needs of an increasingly decentralized society? How can we improve Detroitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water quality? How can we reduce the amount of chemicals present in our drinking supply?

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existing water distribution system

water treatment facility lake huron, northeast, waterworks, springwells, south

screen

chlorine

pre-sedimentation

source Lake Huron Lake St. Calir Detroit River

coagulant

mixing

sedimentation

fluoride lime orthophosphate chlorine

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hwest additions of secondary disinfectant chloramines = chorline + ammonia

filtration service line primary disinfection

storage resevoirs

transmission main

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proposed water distribution system multiple screens to filter out natural debris

microstation

4 part filtration system

transmission main

source Lake Huron Lake St. Calir Detroit River

granulated active carbon chamber iodine bead chamber polyester filter textile pre-filter

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service line

pex feeds into manifold system

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polyester filter textile pre-filter

granulated active carbon chamber iodine bead chamber

textile pre-filter

iodine bead chamber

The tiny openings in the mesh of the filter measure 100 microns in di-

The beads in this chamber are impregnated [saturated] with iodine.

ameter [about the diameter of a strand of hair]. This filters out bigger

The iodine kills parasites and 99.3% of bacteria and viruses.

particles like dirt and sediment. polyester filter

granualted active carbon chamber

The holes in the mesh of this filter are much smaller - only 15 mi-

The carbon filters out any remaining parasites and also improves the

crons. This filters out clusters of bacteria.

taste and smell of the water.

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the microstation effective immediately

Effective immediately the microstation begins

These micro filtration stations are significant- The increased frequency of the micro filtra-

to integrate itself with the current water

ly smaller than current centralized treatment

tion stations also enables easy system repairs

system, urban fabric, and beyond, essentially

facilities as they are not required to retain

[more manageable station disabling and line

decreasing the demand on larger, centralized

vast quantities of water for chemical treat-

re-routing], as well as higher water pressure to

treatment facilities and instead personaliz-

ment, but rather filter water as it is moving

inland locations.

ing the responsibility as these microstations

through the system. In this new system the

become both life sources and symbols of

water supply is always moving - from the

identity within a community.

moment of intake to the time it reaches the faucet.

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4 part filtration system

biology treatment tank

biology pond tiered treatment wetlands

tiered gravel pits

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water is directed from the source to a network of microstations where it is then treated using a four part filtration system, and then pumped into service lines, isolated in smaller tubing to separate it from greywater also traveling through the service line.

wastewater is diverted to microstation where it passes through a tank filled with anaerobic bacteria to break down solids, and the effluent is then pumped outside to a trickle filter before continuing on by gravity to a series of tiered wetlands, and eventually down through the biology pond where it is then filtered before being pumped back into the water system as grey water.

wastewater

water service line pex tubing to seperate greywater and pure water within same line

water transmission line direct from source to microstation

stormwater from the street is diverted through a series of tiered gravel pits, then through the biology pond where it is then filtered before being pumped back into the water system as grey water.

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microstation in proposed water distribution system

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URBAN SHORELINE[S]

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Above from Right to Left : View of Lake St . Claire during the winter, from Canada

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St. Claire River international boundary between Canada and the United States most of the shoreline is urbanized and heavily industrialized listed as an area of condern in the Great Lakes Region

LAKE ST. CLAIRE smallest lake in the Great Lakes Region connecs Lake Huron and Lake Erie average depth is 9m, constant dredgin is required extensive delta system, largest in the region accomodates international shipping a popular recreational area

The Detroit River industrial development on the river commerical waterway, urbanized area

Left : View of Detroit River Flickr.com User : Mr. Histor y_July 27, 2005

The Detroit River Traveling from North to South, the Detroit River is

Seaway and the Erie Canal. Therefore, when Detroit

growth has found its way into the river. Much of the

a 32 mile long strait in the Great Lakes System. The

experienced rapid industrializaion at the turn of

Detroit River and its shoreline were heavily polluted

Detroit River has served an important role in the

the twentieth-century, the Detroit River became

and unsafe for recreational use. Large quantities

hisotry of Michigan and more spcifically, Detroit.

notoriously polluted and toxic. In recent years,

of the pollution collected aound the mouth of the

As one of the busiest waterways in the world, the

however, the ecological importance of the river has

Detroit River at Lake Erie. The pollutants were so high

Detroit River has been a location of commerce for

warranted a vast restoration effort, and the Detroit

after the spring thaw that thousands of migrating

industrializaion in the area, and the entire river

River currently has a wide variety of economical

birds were killed by oil slicks and contaminated

carries the international border between Canada

and recreational uses. The land surrounding the

water every year. Oxygen levels in the river were

and the united States, thus, the river divides

Detroit River is urbanized and, in some areas,

depleted to the point where fish were unable to

the major metropolitan areas of Detroit, MI and

heavily industrialized. This has resulted in excessive

inhabit its whaters. Much of this pollution drained

Windsor, Onterio. The river serves as an important

water pollution from the unregulated depositing of

into the Lake Erie Basin, the lake was considered

transportation route connecting Lake Michigan,

chemicals and industrial waste for many decades.

dead and unable to support aquatic life.

Lake Huron, and Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence

Much of the waste from Detroits rapid industrial

Ford Motor Company

Downtown Detroit

Belle Isle

North Detroit

Grosse Pointes

LAKE ST. CLAIRE

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Michigan, United States

LAKE ERIE

Onterio, Canada

Grosse Island

South Detroit

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360

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Detroit Water Project The Detroit Water Project is a proposal to bring water into the city of Detroit through a series of channels or waterways running North to South, parallel to the Detroit River shoreline. With the extension of the canal adjacent to Alter Road, which divides the city of Detroit and the Grosse Pointes,

URBAN SHORELINE[S] the new channels, which are situated perpendicular to Alter Road, will utilize the water from this existing

waterway as a method of bringing this resource to the urban landscape of Detroit. Each channel of

water is placed strategically next to a major road that travels North to South, connecting the Grosse Pointes with Detroit. With the deployment of these waterways throughout the city an experimental typography is introduced, which formulates several

speculative conditions associated with the water systems within the city of Detroit.

Proposed Shoreline[s] 362 The Detroit River has served as a major artery within

the Great Lakes system, bringing industrialization and urban develoment to the land adjacent to the water. This type of urban sprawl is a concurrent reaction to the north to south flow of the Detroit River. The direction of the water has played a crucial role in the inception of industrial growth and urbanization of the surrounding areas, such as the city of Detroit. The presence of water generates a specific typology of cultural and economic growth which effects the land and the inhabitants of the area. This project proposes a series a shorelines throughout Detroit, which will introduce the physical presence of water. There are six shorelines situated throughout the city, organized perpendicular to Alter Road and intertwined along a major road. > > > > > > > > > >

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MACK AVENUE + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 4.2 miles

CHARLEVOIX STREET+ [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 3.8 miles VERNOR HIGHWAY + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 3.5 miles KERCHEVAL STREET + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 3.1 miles

ST PAUL STREET + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 2.7 miles

JEFFERSON AVENUE + CANAL [PROPOSED] SHORELINE 2.0 miles

ALTER ROAD ‘THE DETROIT WALL’ [EXISTING] EXTENDED SHORELINE

ESTABLISHED WATER SYSTEM

DETROIT, MI + GROSSE POINTES, MI OFFSET SHORELINE[S]

Shoreline Conditions 364

WIth the appearance of water throughout the city, there are cultural and economic benifits for the residents of Detroit. The emmergence of water can revitilize a depressed or underdeveloped area, increase the aesthetic value of property, and increace recreational opportunities. There are economic considerations such as: job creation, bringing tourism to an area, establish residential and commercial areas, increase a tax base, promote a valuablemarketing srategy for businesses and residential developments. There are environmental considerations such as: creating natural areas and green space in residentail and commerical areas, habitats and nesting areas, reduce erosion, and green space will naturally filter pollutants from the air. Through investigating this land-water development as a typographic relationship, one can begin to speculate the type of space that can develop along the water system / shorelines throughout Detroit. Also, considering where there is space for this kind of development and expansion within the city.

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MACK AVENUE + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION

CHARLEVOIX STREET+ [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION VERNOR HIGHWAY + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION KERCHEVAL STREET + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION

ST PAUL STREET + [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION

JEFFERSON AVENUE + CANAL [PROPOSED] SHORELINE CONDITION

ALTER ROAD ‘THE DETROIT WALL’ [EXISTING] EXTENDED SHORELINE

ESTABLISHED WATER SYSTEM

DETROIT, MI + GROSSE POINTES, MI PROPOSED SHORELINE CONDITIONS

mapping the flow of the established water system in Detroit

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mapping the flow of the established water system in Detroit points of intervention and zone for growth / development

predicted shoreline expansion adjacent to the water system. these shorelines embody new typologies through a series of consecutive systems

mapping the flow of the established water system in Detroit

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Shoreline Expansion Traveling from West to East the six established shorelines flow into Detroit, generating a new typology of politics and ground. The ground adjacent to the water system is flexable and permeable to allow for further expansion into the city of Detroit. Through the disruption of the land with water, Detroit embodies new characteristics and new typologies, which is exhibited upon the ground next to the waterways. A series of shoreline conditions through which the city of Detroit is made a new.

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Urban Water Conditions Traveling from West to East the six established

Although Detroit is a city with limited room for

recreation [2] Residential Space, which establishes

shorelines flow into Detroit, generating a new

expansion and growth, it is a unique urban situation

a new ground for lawns and suburban expansion

typology of politics and ground. The ground

in that parts of the city are uninhabited and abonded,

[3] Marketing Space, which promotes commerical

adjacent to the water system is flexable and

which encourges development. The infrastructure

zoning and green space [4] Vegetation Space, which

permeable to allow for further expansion into the

that this project proposes reaches into residential

provides filtered ground for home-grown food and

city of Detroit. Through the disruption of the land

and commercial areas of Detroit, however is is

[5] Recreation Space, which encourages water-

with water, Detroit embodies new characteristics

situated East of downtown, where there a greater

related activities within an urban context.

and new typologies, which is exhibited upon the

potential for development. The Detroit Water

ground next to the waterways. A series of shoreline

Project insitages urban complexities, however, it

conditions through which the city of Detroit is made

brings certain water-to-land relationships to an

a new. These conditions bring new grounds to

area that implores new circumstances. The Detroit

Detroit, which is considered a metropolitan area

Water Project proposes five new urban conditions [1]

that is both highly urbanized and industrial.

Park Space, which will promotes air purification and

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Wayburn Street

Alter Road

Chalmers Street

Coplin Street

Drexel Street

Lenox Street

Dickerson Street

Grey Street

Springle Street

Conner Street

Anderton Street

2015

2018 5 Year Proposal shoreline excavation of Northeast Detroit

new ground / Detroit shoreline

DETROIT WATER / SHORELINE SYSTEM

MACK AVENUE + SHORELINE ONE [4.2 mi]

[1] Park Space [air purification and recreation]

existing ground / Grosse

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Lakeland Drive

along Mack Avenue, with areas of vacancy

Grosse Pointe Ct

Above: Diagram of residential and commerical density

Bluehill Street

Mack Avenue, Detroit

Cadieux Road

Outer Drive E.

Nottingham Street

Barham Street

Maryland Street

e Pointe

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Chalmers Street

Eastlawn Street

Lakeview Street

Coplin Street

Drexel Street

Lenox Street

2020

Dickerson Street

Grey Street

Springle Street

Anderton Street

Conner Street

2015

2020

5 Year Proposal shoreline excavation of Northeast Detroit

[2] Residential Space [clean water for lawns]

[2] Residential Space [clean water for lawns] [3] Marketing Space [green space for commerical development]

new ground / Detroit shoreline

DETROIT WATER / SHORELINE SYSTEM

KERCHEVAL STREET + SHORELINE SHORELINE FOUR [5.5 mi]

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Kercheval Street, Detroit

Lincoln Road

Washington Road

Above: Diagram of residential and commerical density

Lakeland Avenue

along Kercheval Street , with areas of vacancy

Grosse Pointe Ct

St. Claire Street

Cadieux Road

Harvard Road

Outer Drive E.

3 Mile Drive

Bedford Road

Devonshire Road

Buckingham Road

Birkshire Road

Balfour Street

Nottingham Street

Barham Street

Beaconsfield Street

Lakepointe Street

Maryland Street

Wayburn Street

Alter Road

existing ground / Grosse Pointe

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Manistique Street

Phillip Street

Malborough Street

Chalmers Street

Eastlawn Street

2016

Lakewod Street

Coplin Street

Dickerson Street

Continental Street

Kitchner Street

Algonquin Street

2015

2018

5 Year Proposal shoreline excavation of Northeast Detroit

[4] Vegetable Space [available water for gardening]

[5] Recreational Space [green space for land/water activities]

new ground / Detroit shoreline

DETROIT WATER / SHORELINE SYSTEM

EAST JEFFERSON AVENUE + SHORELINE SIX [6.2 mi]

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East Jefferson Avenue, Detroit

Sycamore Lane

Lake Court

Jefferson Court

Above: Diagram of residential and commerical density

Bishop Lane

along East Jeffer son Avenue, with areas of vacancy

Park Lane

Wittiar Street

Grand Marias Street

3 Mile Drive

Bedford Road

Devonshire Road

Buckingham Road

Birkshire Road

Balfour Street

Westchester Street

Nottingham Street

Barham Street

Beaconsfield Street

Lakepointe Street

Penberton Road

Barrington Road

Alter Road

existing ground / Grosse Pointe

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[1] Residential Space [Mack Avenue, Detroit]

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[2] Vegetation Space [Kercheval Street, Detroit]

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[3] Recreation Space [East Jefferson Avenue, Detroit]

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The Grotesque is a book of studio work

assembled by students in the M.Arch graduate option architecture studio at the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning under the direction of studio critic Christian Unverzagt in the Winter of 2010.

The work is produced as an academic inquiry into issues of energy and ecology as they relate to the built environment in and around Detroit, Michigan and the Great Lakes Region. thegrotesque@umich.edu

2010 Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning taubmancollege.umich.edu/architecture