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Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2010, 19 è íåò íèêàêîé èíôîðìàöèè îòíîñèòåëüíî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è áèîëîãèè áàëîáàíà â ñàìûõ îòäàë¸ííûõ ÷àñòÿõ Òèáåòñêîãî ïëàòî. Îáçîð ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà, å¸ äèíàìèêè è óðîâíÿ áðàêîíüåðñòâà â Êèòàå, ñäåëàííûé ïðèðîäîîõðàííûì ôîíäîì Ñèíöçÿíÿ, ïðåäïîëàãàåò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Êèòàå ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 2007 ã. â 1000– 2000 ïàð, ïðè ñîêðàùåíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè çà ïåðèîä ñ 1990 ïî 2004 ã. íà 48–70%; ïðè ýòîì óêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî â 1990–1995 ãã. èìåëî ìåñòî ìàññîâîå áðàêîíüåðñòâî (áîëåå 600 çàäåðæàíèé êîíòðàáàíäû áàëîáàíîâ), ñíèçèâøååñÿ ê 1999 ã. äî ñîòíè çàäåðæàíèé (Xinjiang Conservation Fund, 2008). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìû èìååì ëèøü ýêñïåðòíûå îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Êèòàå ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 20–70 ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ – 15–20 òûñ. ïàð (Baumgart, 1978) è ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 80–90 ãã. – 7,9–13,5 òûñ. ïàð (Ye et al., 2001), à òàêæå îöåíêè, áàçèðóþùèåñÿ íà ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ â 2001– 2003 ãã. – 1000–1200 ïàð (ñóììà îöåíîê ïî Ñèíöçÿíþ, Òèáåòó è Âíóòðåííåé Ìîíãîëèè) (Ye, Ma, 2002; Ye, Fox. 2003; Potapov, Ma, 2004) è â 2007 ã. – 1000–2000 ïàð (Xinjiang Conservation Fund, 2008).  îáçîðå, ñäåëàííîì Ý. Äèêñîíîì (Dixon, 2009), ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîâðåìåííàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè äëÿ Êèòàÿ â 3–5 òûñ. ïàð (òàáë. 3) íå ïîäêðåïë¸ííàÿ íèêàêèìè ðàñ÷¸òàìè, íå èìåþùàÿ çà ñîáîé êàêèõëèáî ïóáëèêàöèé, íî ñðàçó æå ïðèíÿòàÿ BirdLife. Ïðè ýòîì îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Êèòàå äëÿ 1990 ã. â 4–6 òûñ. ïàð, ïîëó÷åííàÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå ðàáîòû àíàëèòèêîâ BirdLife, ñîâåðøåííî èãíîðèðóåò äàííûå Â. Áàóìãàðòà (Baumgart, 1978) è Éå Çèîäè ñ ñîàâòîðàìè (Ye et al., 2001). Òî, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â Êèòàå ñîêðàùàåòñÿ ïî ïðè÷èíå âëèÿíèÿ öåëîé ñîâîêóïíîñòè íåãàòèâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, î÷åâèäíî èç ïóáëèêàöèé êèòàéñêèõ îðíèòîëîãîâ è èõ åâðîïåéñêèõ êîëëåã, ó÷óâñòâîâàâøèõ â ðàáîòàõ ïî ïðîåêòàì ERWDA (Ìà è äð., 2006; Âó è äð., 2007; Ma, 1999; 2004; Ma, Ying, 2007; Ye et al., 2001; Ye, Ma, 2002; Ye, Fox. 2003; Yu et al., 2008; Wan, 2001). Êîíå÷íî æå, â áîëüøèíñòâå ïóáëèêàöèé îòñóòñòâóþò îáîáùàþùèå îöåíêè äåãðàäàöèè êèòàéñêèõ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà, îäíàêî ìàñøòàáû êîíòðàáàíäû ñðàâíèìû ñ ìàñøòàáàìè â Ðîññèè è â Êàçàõñòàíå, à â 90-õ ãã. äàæå ïðåâûøàþò èõ (Xinjiang Conservation Fund, 2008). Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî äèíàìèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè çäåñü áîëåå íåãàòèâíà, ïîñêîëüêó â Êèòàå íåñîèçìåðèìî âûøå âëèÿíèå òàêèõ ôàêòîðîâ, êàê ãèáåëü ñîêî-
Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè and 1.6% of Mongolia’s territory suitable for the breeding of Sakers): in 1998, the average density was 2.5 pairs/1000 km2 and 6.1 juveniles/1000 km2 per year, which gives the estimated number of Saker Falcons of 2,823 pairs, producing 6,382 juveniles per year; in 1999, due to the increased number of breeding pairs on the plots, the number was estimated as 2,961 pairs of Saker Falcons, producing 9,834 juveniles per year; in 2000, a decrease in the breeding success of the Saker Falcons nesting in artificial structures was observed, while the breeding success of those Saker Falcons nesting on natural sites remained stable, which yielded a total 15% decrease in breeding success of the Saker Falcon in Mongolia (Shagdarsuren et al., 2001). Absolutely the same data were presented in the publication of Shijirmaa et al. (2000) and Barton (2001). This estimation was severely criticized by Ellis (2003) in his article which probably has not been published but is available online. The author considered the number of Saker Falcons to be strongly overestimated by the team working within the ERWDA project and supposed that it was accounted for by the necessity to support a high capture quota for Saker Falcons; however, no estimation at all has been made by him. In a series of publications by Potapov et al. (2002a; 2002b), a fully reasoned estimation of the number of Saker Falcons is given. In particular, the following information is presented in Falco: during 1998–2001, 56% of the nests of Saker Falcons in Mongolia were found to be located in artificial constructions, and 44% in natural sites; with the length of power lines in Mongolia being 32,000 km, the
Ñàìêà áàëîáàíà íà ãíåçäå. Òèáåò. Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà. Female of the Saker Falcon in the nest. Tibet. Photo by E. Potapov.