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Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2010, 19
Ïòåíöû áàëîáàíà â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Chicks of the Saker Falcon in the nest. Photo by I. Karyakin.
Îðè, à èìåííî â Ãóáåðëèíñêîì ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå è Ìóãîäàæðàõ, â êîíöå 90-õ ãã. ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà îöåíåíà â 70 ïàð è ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü ãíåçäîâàíèå 20 ïàð ìåæäó Îðüþ è Íàóðçóìñêèìè áîðàìè (Êàðÿêèí, 2004à). Ïîçæå áàëîáàí âîîáùå íå áûë íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Ìóãîäæàðàõ (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005d; Ïàæåíêîâ è äð., 2005), ÷èñëåííîñòü â Ãóáåðëèíñêîì ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêå ñîêðàòèëàñü, â ðåçóëüòàòå îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè äëÿ áàññåéíà Îðè ñîñòàâèëà 10 ïàð (ñîêðàùåíèå ñ 90 ïàð â êîíöå 90-õ ãã.), à äëÿ âñåãî ñåâåðà Çàïàäíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà – 145–165 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005d). Äëÿ ñîâðåìåííîé îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà íà ñåâåðå Çàïàäíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà, âèäèìî, èìåííî èç ýòîé îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè â 145–165 ïàð ñëåäóåò âû÷èòàòü òå 10–15 ïàð, íà êîòîðûå îöåíèâàþò ñîêðàùåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè áîðîâûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê Å.À. è À.Å. Áðàãèíû çà ïåðèîä ñ êîíöà 90-õ ãã. äî 2009 ã. Ïîçæå áàëîáàí áûë âñ¸ æå íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Ìóãîäæàðàõ è åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü çäåñü îöåíåíà â 6–8 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2007). Òàêæå áàëîáàí íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè þæíåå Íàóðçóìñêèõ áîðîâ â áàññåéíå Òóðãàÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 1,8–2,0 ïàð/1000 êì2 (Áðàãèí, Áðàãèí, 2009), ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîæíî ïðèìåðíî îöåíèòü â 10–15 ïàð. Ó÷èòûâàÿ âñå ýòè ïóáëèêàöèè ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà íà ñåâåðå Çàïàäíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà â 151–178 ïàð, ïðè ñîêðàùåíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè áîðîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê (ýòî 28–30% ñîâðåìåííîé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà â ðàññìàòðèâàåìîì ðåãèîíå) ïðèìåðíî íà 26% (ñðåäíÿÿ îöåíêà ïî Áðàãèí, Áðàãèí, 2009 è Êàðÿêèí, 2005d) è ãðóïïèðîâîê áàññåéíà Îðè íà 81% (ïî Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005d). Íà þãå Çàïàäíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà ìåæäó Êàñïèéñêèì è Àðàëüñêèì ìîðÿìè â 2003 ã. áûëà âûÿâëåíà êðóïíàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ áàëî-
Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè population estimate of 130–245, average 197 pairs (Karyakin et al., 2005b). Adding this estimate to the old estimate of the Saker population throughout Western Kazakhstan, the authors arrived at 1,306– 1,638 pairs, average 1,482 pairs. Subtracting the population of the north of West Kazakhstan, we get 1,162–1,473 pairs, average 1,327 pairs for the south part of Western Kazakhstan (thus for surveyed territories not overlapping with other investigated areas the number of Sakers was assessed as 102–211 pairs). Pazhenkov and Korzhev (2006), researching the Shagyray Plateau, did not add any data to recalculate the population number – they discovered 4 nests of the Saker and estimated its number as 6–8 pairs for 150 km2 of ravines, while Karyakin et al. (2005d) assessed the number as 29 pairs per 377.15 km of cliff-faces. Recently, separate breeding pairs of Sakers were discovered on chalk precipices of the Emba river basin (Pestov, Saraev, 2009; Saraev, 2009; map on p. 90 in the paper: Karyakin, Pfeffer, 2009), that are similar to cliff-faces of the Ustyurt plateau, but with some lower, extending up to chalk precipices of the Ural-Ilek plateau. It is unlikely that the number of Sakers is more than ten pairs: probably its breeding there is an unspecific phenomenon. Thus a total of 1,418–1,629 pairs, average 1,523 pairs, are estimated to breed in Western Kazakhstan, and it is the final estimation for 2009. The population trend has been unclear for certain, though there are some publications containing data about no observations of birds nesting on cliff-faces in those areas where oil extracting is conducted, and power lines hazardous for birds are widespread (Karyakin et al., 2005d). According to the opinion of authors who had carried out surveys in Usturt as a result of active road construction, the region has became more accessible to poachers since 2006, while the intensification of oil extracting has caused the power line system to be developed. Falcons are killed through electrocution, and this negative impact on the Saker population is intensified by the global decrease in numbers of the Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in Usturt during the last 3 years: it was the main reason for more than half of the falcons not breeding. As a result, there is an undoubted tendency of decline in groups of Sakers breeding along the road to Aktau and in areas of intensive oil extraction (A. Pazhenkov, I. Karyakin,