Pembroke College Record (Oxford), 1997-1998 by Pembroke College, Oxford

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CONTENTS EDITORS' NOTE LIST OF MASTER AND FELLOWS MASTER'S NOTES UNIVERSITY AND OTHER DISTINCTIONS WELCOMING NEW FELLOWS Adrian Gregory Janette Griffiths James McKee SOCIETIES CLUBS PEMBROKE PEOPLE, PEMBROKE VIEWS King cAbdullah at Oxford Book Review 50 Years - From Lucky Jims to Unlucky Joes The George Bredin Travel Fund MCGOWIN LIBRARY NOTES FELLOWS' PUBLICATIONS PEMBROKE PAST The Hall and Other Nineteenth Century Building Work Viva Vocal 1935 Jubilee Leaves from past Records Pembroke in World War II THE COLLEGE SOCIETY OBITUARY OBITUARIES NEWS OF OUR MEMBERS

4 5 9 11 13 13 15 16 18 21 28 28 29 33 35 36 37 41 41 54 55 56 63 66 68 69 107

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EDITORS' NOTE The Editors apologise for the long delay in the publication of this issue of the Record. Although, as its cover proclaims, it reports on the events of the academic year 1997-98, some items in the Obituary and the News of Our Members sections extend to the end of the calendar year 1999. As we go to press early in 2000, we have just learned the sad news of the deaths of two of our distinguished American alumni: Honorary Fellow, Morris Abram (1946) and Greeley McGowin (1948), the last of those members of that family to whom the College owes the McGowin Library. Their obituary notices will appear in the next issue of the Record which will be a double number covering the academic years 1998-9 and 1999-2000.

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MASTER AND FELLOWS HILARY TERM 1998 MASTER ROBERT BOCKING STEVENS, M.A., D.C.L. (LL.M. Yale, Hon. LL.D. New York Law School, Hon. LL.D Villanova University, Hon LL.D University of Pennsylvania, Hon. D. Litt. Haverford College), (elected 1993).

FELLOWS IAN PHILIP GRANT, M.A., D.Phil., F.R.S. (Elected 1964), Professor of Mathematical Physics, Tutor in Mathematics. JOHN RAYMOND ROOK, M.A., (Ph.D. Manchester), (elected 1965), Academic Bursar, Director of Development, Lecturer in Mathematical Physics, Shimizu Fellow. JOHN MICHAEL EEKELAAR, B.C.L. M.A. (LL.B. London), (elected 1965), Reader and Lecturer in Jurisprudence, Sheppard Fellow. RT. REVD. KALLISTOS TIMOTHY WARE, M.A., D.Phil., (elected 1970), Fellow by Special Election, Lecturer in Theology. DANIEL DAVID PRENTICE, M.A. (LL.B. Belfast, J.D. Chicago), (elected 1973) Allen & Overy Professor of Corporate Law. JOHN SEBASTIAN KNOWLAND, M.A., D.Phil., Vicegerent, (elected 1976) Lecturer in Biochemistry. BRIAN JOHN HOWARD, M.A. (M.A. Camb., Ph.D. Southampton), (elected 1976), Dean of Graduate Students, Reader in Physical Chemistry, Frank Buckley Fellow in Chemistry.

REVD. JOHN EMERSON PLATT, M.A., D.Phil., (M.Th.Hull), (elected 1985), Chaplain, Senior Research Fellow, Editor of the Record. DAVID YORK MASON, B.M., B.Ch., M.A., D.M., F.R.C. Path., (elected 1987), Fellow by Special Election, Reader in Cellular Pathology. IAN JAMES McMULLEN, M.A., D.Phil., (M.A., Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1988) TEPCO Fellow in Japanese Studies. LYNDA CLARE MUGGLESTONE, M.A., D.Phil., (elected 1989), Dean, Lecturer in English Language and Literature. DAVID MARK FRICKER, M.A., (Ph.D. Stirling), (elected 1989), Lecturer in Biological Sciences. MERLE ELLEN RUBIN, D.Phil., (B.A., M.A. Jerusalem, Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1989) Larkey Fellow in Modem History, Tutor for Admissions, Editor of the Record. ALEJANDRO KACELNIK, D.Phil., (Licanciado en Ciencias Biologicas, Buenos Aires), (elected 1990), Lecturer in Zoology, E.P. Abraham Fellow. PHILIP CHARLES KLIPSTEIN, M.A., (Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1990), Lecturer in Physics. TIMOTHY JOHN FARRANT, M.A., D.Phil., (elected 1990), Lecturer in French Language, Brian and Susan Taylor Fellow in French. ROBERT SAMUEL CLIVE GORDON, M.A., (Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1990), Lecturer in Italian Language, Mann-Woodhouse Fellow.

KENNETH MAYHEW, M.A. (M.Sc. London), (elected 1976), Reader in Economics.

PAUL WILLIAM SMITH, M.A., (M.Sc. Southampton, Ph.D. London), A.M.I.E.E, (elected 1991), Lecturer in Engineering Science, Union Texas Petroleum Fellow in Engineering.

ALAN JONES, M.A. (Elected 1980), Reader in Classical Arabic, Lecturer in Islamic Studies.

PIERRE FOEX, M.A., D.Phil., (D.M. Geneva), (elected 1991), Nuffield Professor of Anaesthetics.

JOHN RICHARD KREBS, M.A., D.Phil., F.R.S., (elected 1981), Royal Society Research Professor.

MALCOLM REGINALD GODDEN, M.A., D.Phil., (M.A., Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1991), Librarian, Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon, Librarian.

CHARLES CARROLL MORGAN, M.A. (B.Sc. New South Wales, Ph.D. Sydney), (elected 1985), Lecturer in Computation.

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ROBERT WILLIAM THOMSON, M.A., (M.A., Ph.D. Camb.), F.B.A., (elected 1991), Calouste Gulbenkian Professor of Armenian Studies.

MATTHEW CONWAY WHITBY, (B.Sc. Exeter, Ph.D. Notts.), (elected 1997), BTP Research Fellow.

JEREMY SIMON HUDSON TAYLOR, M.A., (B.Sc. Bristol, Ph.D. London), (elected 1992), Lecturer in Physiiological Sciences, O'Brien-Abraham Fellow.

EMERITUS FELLOWS

LEONARD SMITH, (B.S. Florida, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. Columbia), (elected 1992), Northville Research Fellow. STEPHEN D WHITEFIELD, M.A., D.Phil., (elected 1993), Senior Tutor, Lecturer in Politics. MARTHA KLEIN, B.Phil., M.A., D.Phil., (B.A. Reading), (elected 1993), Lecturer in Philosophy. MARTIN ROBERT BRIDSON, M.A. (M.S., Ph.D. Cornell), (elected 1994), Reader in Mathematics, Richard and Ester Lee Fellow in Mathematics. HELEN WENDA SMALL, M.A., (B.A. Wellington, New Zealand, Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1996), Lecturer in English Language and Literature, Jonathan and Julia Aisbitt Fellow in English Literature. OWEN RICHARD DARBISHIRE, M.A. (Elected 1996), Lecturer in Management Studies, Sue Cormack Fellow in Management DUNCAN WILLIAM JOHN McCALLIEN, (M.A., Ph.D., Camb.), (elected 1996), BTP Junior Research Fellow in Polymer Chemistry. RICHARD PATRICK YOUNG, (LL.B., Ph.D. Birmingham, (elected 1997), Lecturer in Law ROGER CHARLES BONING, M.A., Professorial Fellow. JAMES FRASER McKEE, M.A., (Ph.D.Camb.), Term Fellow in Mathematics.

DOUGLAS GRAY, M.A., (M.A. New Zealand), F.B.A. PETER JOHN CUFF, M.A., D.Phil EDGAR LIGHTFOOT, M.A., (M.Sc. London, Ph.D. Leeds). PIERS GERALD MACKESY, M.A., D.Phil., D.Litt., F.B.A. ARTHUR DENNIS HAZLEWOOD, B.Phil., M.A., (B.Sc. Econ. London). JOHN WILKS, M.A., D.Phil., D.Sc. PAUL RAPHAEL HYAMS, M.A., D.Phil. SIMON WALTER BLACKBURN, M.A., (M.A., Ph.D. Camb.). VERNON SPENCER BUTT, M.A., (B.Sc., Ph.D. Bristol). SAVILE BRADBURY, M.A., D.Phil. REVD COLIN MORRIS, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. COLIN NICHOLAS JOCELYN MANN, M.A., D.Phil., (M.A., Ph.D.Camb.), F.B.A. ERIC GERALD STANLEY, M.A., (Ph.D. Birmingham), F.B.A. ZBIGNIEW ANDREZEJ PELCYNSKI, O.B.E., M.Phil., M.A., D.Phil., (M.A. St Andrews) JOHN HUGH COLIN LEACH, M.A., F.I.I.M.R. GORDON HARLOW WHITHAM, M.A., (Ph.D. Manchester).

SUPERNUMERARY FELLOWS

ADRIAN MARK GREGORY, M.A., (Ph.D. Camb.), (elected 1997), Lecturer in Modern History, Damon Wells Fellow in Modern History.

ALEXANDER CRAMPTON SMITH, M.A., (M.B., Ch.B. Edinburgh).

JEANETTE ELAINE GRIFFITHS, (B.A., CNAA, Dip.M.), (elected 1997), Domestic Bursar

COLIN JAMES RICHARD SHEPPARD, M.A., D.Sc., (M.A., Ph.D. Camb.).

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JOHN ROBERT WOODHOUSE, M.A., D.Litt., (Ph.D. Wales), F.B.A.

HON. SIR JOHN FRANK MUMMERY, Kt., M.A., B.C.L.

DAVID STEPHEN EASTWOOD, M.A., D. Phil., F.R. Hist.S.

SIR JOHN OLAV KERR, M.A., K.C.M.G.

ANDREW JOHN KEANE, M.A., (B.Sc., M.Sc. London, Ph.D. Brunel.)

LORD ABERNETHY, (John Alastair Cameron, M.A., Q.C.).

JOHN IAN TANNER, C.B.E., M.A., (M.A., Ph.D. Notts., Hon.D. Litt. City University, Hon. LL.D. The Polish University, Hon.D.C.L. Assumption College, Worcester, Mass.).

HONORARY FELLOWS JAMES McNAUGHTON HESTER, M.A., D.Phil., (Hon. LL.D. Princeton). MORRIS BERTHOLD ABRAM, M.A., (Hon. LL.D Yeshiva University and Davidson College). RT. HON. SIR FRANK COOPER, M.A., G.C.B., P.C., C.M.G.

PETER BOLTON GROSE, M.A. (B.A. Yale)

SIR ROBERT CYRIL CLARKE, Kt. M.A. SIR ROGER GILBERT BANNISTER, Kt., C.B.E., M.A., M.Sc., D.M., F.R.C.P. (Hon. LL.D. Liverpool, Hon.D.Sc. Sheffield, Bath, Crinnell, Rochester, Hon.D.M. Pavia, Hon. Doctorate, Jyvaskyla). H.R.H. PRINCESS BASMA BINT TALAL SIR PHILIP MARTIN BAILHACHE, Kt., M.A. HON. SIR ROCCO JOHN VINCENT FORTE, M.A. SIR MALCOLM KEITH SYKES, Kt., M.A., (M.B., B.Chir., M.A. Camb.). PHILIP LADER, (M.A. Michigan, J.D. Harvard).

REGINALD SOLOMON GRAHAM, M.A.

SIR HARRY LEONARD PEACH, Kt., M.A.

NORMAN STAYNER MARSH, B.C.L., M.A., Q.C., C.B.E.

SIR GRAHAM HART, B.A., K.C.B.

THE RT. HON. LORD RICHARD OF AMMANFORD, (Ivor Seward Richard, M.A., Q.C.).

FOUNDATION FELLOWS

THE RT. HON. LORD JUSTICE CARSWELL, (Sir Robert Douglas, Kt., P.C., M.A., (J.D. Chicago, Hon. D.Litt. Ulster))

FRANK WILLIAM BUCKLEY, (Diplom chemiker, Gottingen).

RICHARD GREEN LUGAR, M.A.

ANDREW GRAHAM STEWART McCALLUM, C.B.E., M.A.

DAMON WELLS, M.A., C.B.E., (Hon.), (B.A. Yale, Ph.D. Rice). MARY (LADY) ECCLES, (A.B. Vassar, M.A., Ph.D. Columbia, D.Litt. Birmingham).

JONATHAN ROBERT AISBITT, M.A. IAN DONALD CORMACK, M.A. BRIAN TAYLOR, (B.A. Bristol).

SIR GEORGE SINCLAIR, Kt., M.A., C.M.G., O.B.E. WILLIAM MAXWELL COWAN, M.A., D.Phil., B.M., B.Ch., F.A.S. (B.Sc. Witwatersrand). RT. HON MICHAEL RAY DIBDIN HESELTINE, M.A., M.P., P.C. ALAN JACKSON DOREY, M.A., D.Phil., C.H. Hon D.C.L.

JUNIOR DEANS STUART ALEXANDER HUNN, (B.A. Nottingham). SUZANNE ELIZABETH ASPDEN, M.St. (B.A., B.Mus., M.Mus. Victoria, New Zealand)

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COLLEGE SECRETARY MRS. JACKIE LEWIS

ACCOUNTANT PETER KENNEDY

DEPUTY LIBRARIAN MRS. NAOMI VAN LOO, (M.A., B.A., Hull), A.L.A.

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MASTER'S NOTES The year 1997/98 continued to see the College strengthen in so many ways as an academic community. There was a distinct revival in applications to the College representing the increasing reputation of Pembroke as a serious, attractive and supportive academic community. While the results in the Norrington Tables are not as strong as we would hope for, and the results are by no means embarrassing at this point, and there is little doubt that in the years ahead this will improve. The results in Mods and Prelims are particularly gratifying. The Honorary Fellowship has had a distinguished year. Sir John Kerr (1960) returned from the British Embassy in Washington to take up the post of Permanent Under-Secretary of State and Head of the Diplomatic Service, while Philip Lader (1967) became US Ambassador to the Court of St James. A dinner held in their joint honour in March was attended by Fellows, Old Members and friends of the College. At the end of March, Dr A J Dorey (1949) retired after eighteen years as Registrar and at the Encaenia in June received an Hon. DCL. Sir Graham Hart (1958), Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Health, was elected an Honorary Fellow and Brian Taylor, Chief Executive of Wardle Storeys Plc, a Foundation Fellow. The Fellowship was still further strengthened by the appointment of Dr Adrian Gregory from King's College, Cambridge as the new Damon Wells Fellow in Modern History and Dr James McKee, also of Cambridge, as a five-year Fellow in Mathematics, replacing Dr Martin Bridson, who has a five year leave as the result of a Research Fellowship from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Roger Boning (1969), Finance Director of the University Press, became a Professorial Fellow and Janette Griffiths, Domestic Bursar and Fellow. The Governing Body also appointed its first Advisory Fellows, who despite their name, will, with minor exceptions, be full members of the Governing Body: Sir Robert Clarke, (1949), A J (Bill) Dorey, (1949) and Jonathan Aisbitt (1975). The year has seen the departure of Professor Michael Goringe, our Fellow in Metallurgy, to a Chair at the University of Surrey

and of Dr Robert Gordon, our Fellow in Italian, to a University Lectureship at Cambridge. Within the University Dr Brian Howard was promoted to a Professorship in Chemistry, Dr Carroll Morgan to a Readership in Computation and Dr Miri Rubin to a Readership in Medieval History. Financially, the College continued its return to fiscal health. The College is now in fiscal equilibrium. It has begun the process of handling the deferred maintenance which built up over 25 years. During the year we renovated Staircase 11, partly with help of gifts from the parents. We renovated Staircase 17 with gifts from our American Old Members and the Weatherly Room was transformed into the Forte Room with a generous gift from the Hon. Sir Rocco Forte (1963), Honorary Fellow; while John Walker-Howarth (1963) donated the associated work of Tom Phillips RA, who had been our artist in residence. While sadly our students now pay one of the highest, if not the highest, room rent in Oxford, they will at least shortly have some accommodation which is comparable to the best in Oxford. The students, in turn, have been wonderfully supportive of the College and, as you will read in this issue of the Record, have established an enviable reputation for success in the University as a whole. It was also an excellent year for the growth of the endowment. Our endowment is of course minuscule compared with many colleges and is likely to remain so, but it has tripled over the last five years and for that we are immensely grateful to Old Members and friends for that dramatic improvement. We expect to complete the first stage of our campaign to raise L10 million of endowment by March 1999 and at that time we shall be announcing the Fellowships which have been endowed as a result of that campaign. The most distressing event of this year has been the attitude of the new Government, which has been basically unsympathetic to Oxford. We are all conscious that we live in an era of mass higher education and none of us is oblivious to the defects of Oxbridge. On the other hand Oxford, Cambridge and London are Britain's premier international universities and however much money is poured into the vital broadening of the number of universities, (and Britain now has more than 120) and

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increasing access to higher education, one might have hoped that the international universities would have met with more favour from the Government. In truth they have not done inadequately in research support, but Oxford and Cambridge especially have achieved their international distinction significantly through undergraduate education and through the collegiate system. Oxford, however, over the next decade, will receive an almost one-third cut in its funding for undergraduate education and together with the mysterious process known as "efficiencies" (really cuts) in fact the cut will be larger. Any university that receives a cut of one-third of its teaching income at a time of increasing competition and in the light of inflation, has received a serious blow. At the same time I am very conscious that the tutorial method and the collegiate system provide a system of undergraduate education which is unparalleled. As I have said many times, I have spent the bulk of my life in the United States and nowhere, even in the many years I spent in the Ivy League, have I encountered teaching of the quality that goes on at Oxford. We must find a way to continue this since College Fees are being cut and channelled through the University. We have also been forbidden to charge top-up fees to domestic students, thus we are going to be even more dependent upon the goodwill of our Old Members to continue to support us and we hope that some parents, who appreciate the education their children have had at Pembroke, will also be willing to support us. It would be pleasant to say, as we come to the end of a long and successful campaign (as already mentioned, we have almost reached our goal of L10 million), that we could go much more slowly on the fundraising. Sadly, the changes in government funding mean that for Pembroke to maintain its excellence in the absence of the very significant endowments that many other colleges have, we shall be seeking outside support on a continuing basis. I would say, however, that while there have been times in my life when I have been at institutions where I did not necessarily feel they fully justified the support they received, I have no doubt whatsoever that Pembroke more than deserves the support the College community has been giving. May I thank you in advance for your tolerance.

I would not, however, wish to end this letter on a pessimistic note. In so many ways the College has never been in better health. Both our undergraduate and graduate students have been immensely loyal and are - with very few exceptions - a delight to work with. Our Fellows continue to go the extra mile for the College, taking heavier teaching loads than at other colleges, yet continuing to distinguish themselves academically. The staff have remained loyal to the College during the hard years and deserve greater recognition. The changing nature of government funding and the evolving demands of academic life will mean that some things in the College will change, but the Fellowship and I remain committed to maintaining the quality of a Pembroke education and Pembroke life.

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UNIVERSITY AND OTHER DISTINCTIONS 1998 FIRSTS IN SCHOOLS Biology

G.K. Taylor

Law

J.H. Emery Miss R.E. Head A.A. Mangi

Medicine

E. Assoku

Modern History

G.A.W. Sherriff

Modern Languages

Miss H.R. Bloss Miss A.P. Hartford R.J. Johnston Miss C.A. Woods

Oriental Studies

D.P. Brookshaw Miss R.M. Scott

P.P.E.

T.E. Easingwood

Modern Languages

E.G.B. Aldhouse (French & German) C.P. Elliott (Italian)

Physics

C. Bowring

Theology

Miss L.J. Harvey

ACADEMIC E.G.B. Aldhouse (1997)

Claude Massart Prize in French Literature Junior Heath Harrison Scholarship in German

D.P. Brookshaw (1994)

Mew Senior Prize in Arabic

T.E. Easingwood (1995)

Hicks and Webb Medley Prize

Miss R.M. Scott (1994)

Mew Senior Prize in Arabic

SPORTS

FIRSTS IN MODS History & Economics

Miss S.J. Levy

G.E. Aitken-Davies (1996)

Modern History

T.D. Bell C.D. Smewing

Half Blue for Lightweight Rowing

J.G. Boumphrey (1994)

Blue for Hockey

S.M. Farmer (1995) (Captain, O.U.R.L.C.)

Blue for Rugby League

Miss K. Fawkner-Corbett (1996)

Half Blue for Water Polo

R. Garland (1997)

Blue for Cricket

DISTINCTIONS IN MODS AND PRELIMS Biochemistry

E. Norris Cervett

Chemistry

T. Fowler

English

Miss A.E. Dale Miss C.E. Reed

Miss C.L. Green (1995)

Blue for Rowing

A.J. Guthrie (1996)

Half Blue for Lacrosse

Law

Miss E.J. Jordan

S.R. Hayden (1996)

Half Blue for Lacrosse

Medicine

M.D. Bullock

Miss K.D. Jones (1995)

Blue for Rowing

Metallurgy

R.M. Whiteley

Miss C.L. Johnston (1995)

Blue for Hockey

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Miss V.K. Pope (1996) (Captain, O.U.W.H.C.)

Blue for Hockey Half Blue for Cricket

W.H. Wagner (1994)

Half Blue for Lightweight Rowing

J.R.W. Watkinson (1995) (President, O.U.L.R.C.)

Half Blue for Lightweight Rowing

The Editors wish to apologise for the following omissions in the last issue: J.H. Emery (1995)

Half Blue for Lacrosse

C.L. Green (1995)

Blue for Rowing

S.R. Hayden (1996) (Captain, O.U.L.C.)

Blue for Lacrosse

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WELCOMING NEW FELLOWS ADRIAN GREGORY

socially pretentious) A migratory childhood followed, a short stay in Swindon (familiar to all travellers on the new GWR) was followed by his actual arrival in the Forest at the age of 11. He was taught at the Royal Forest of Dean Grammar School, perhaps appropriately the last State Grammar School to be founded in the United Kingdom. His time in the Forest can be readily grasped by anyone familiar with the works of the late Dennis Potter, once allowance is made for Potter's understated depictions. In 1984 he left the 'blue remembered hills' for a long stretch in the Fens. Accepted as a post A-level candidate by King's College, Cambridge, he entered into a career as an Historian. Attaining a First class honours degree in History in 1987, he was elected in that year as the Kennedy Memorial scholar, after characteristically losing his way on the tube and arriving twenty minutes late for the interview. A year studying colonial America at Harvard led to an abandonment of his plans to study colonial America for a doctorate and more constructively to an abiding of love of the United States beyond the confines of Greater Boston. A rather peculiar interlude followed, working as a Research Assistant in the Theology department in the University of Nottingham. The project was a study of the Church of England in the countryside run jointly with Cirencester Agricultural College. His suitability as a researcher was undermined by his repeated driving test failures, which somewhat limited his fieldwork efficiency in darkest Lincolnshire. The work consisted of interviewing vicars and laypeople about their beliefs. Despite this he was rarely mistaken for a Jehovah's Witness, probably because of his almost physical attachment to a black leather jacket. It was not really his field and the main result was to reconfirm his desire to return to documents again. Nevertheless he did acquire some useful grounding in the anthropology of beliefs as well as an expert knowledge of the inadequacies of rural public transport.

Adrian Gregory was appointed as the new Fellow and Lecturer in Modern History in 1997. He is often referred to in Oxford as `David Eastwood's successor', an honour that he one day hopes to live up to. Although he sometimes claims to have been brought up by wolves in the Forest of Dean, the prosaic truth is that he was born in 1965 in Eltham, South London (or Kent to the more

Back in Cambridge he began work on a dissertation on the rituals of commemoration after the First World War under the direction of Jay Winter. The doctorate was awarded in 1994 and published as The Silence of Memory (Berg, 1994). During this time he became involved in the comparative study of the First World War and worked as a Research Associate on the project: 'London,

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Paris, Berlin: Capital Cities at War' for a year in 1993. Having stayed at King's he found himself appointed to a Junior Research Fellowship, despite a feeling that getting two degrees and a Fellowship at the same college showed a sad lack of imagination. He finally escaped from King's to Pembroke in Michaelmas Term 1997. Since arriving in Oxford, he has continued working on aspects of the Great War, whilst teaching an eclectic range of undergraduate courses. A casual interest in Irish History has grown through contacts with Professor Roy Foster and Dr. Senia Paseta, leading to fresh intellectual stimulus, a book proposal and some deadly hangovers after dinners at Hertford. He has also taught with Professor Harris for the Special Subject on the Second World War and has undertaken some research in that direction as well. Within college, he has shared the undergraduate teaching with Miri Rubin, perhaps the best imaginable colleague and mentor. Pembroke students are learning to make allowances for his eccentricities. Foremost amongst these is a violent antipathy to paragraphs beginning with 'however'. Equally striking is his tendency to illustrate points with quotations from 1066 and All That. He has found teaching Pembroke undergraduates to be very enjoyable and has grown to love the deeply personal nuanced style of teaching which the College encourages. He is currently writing articles forcing a reassessment of popular opinions and the outbreak of war in 1914, arguing strongly against the myth that the public welcomed war with enthusiasm. He is also working on atrocity propaganda, again challenging the received wisdom by emphasising the honesty of British press representations of the enemy in 1914 and 1915. Other work underway includes comparisons of public space in the capital cities during wartime (in conjunction with Jeff Verhey) and work on Anglo-Irish identities in wartime. In the near future he intends to work on the logistics of the Western Front and on the impact (or rather unusual lack of impact) of epidemic disease during the war. The intention is to pull this work together in a major reassessment of the war at some time early in the new millennium.

At the start of 1998 he was joined by his wife, Sarah Cohen. They had met in Cambridge in 1993 and they married in her hometown of San Francisco in 1996. During much of the intervening period they managed to be on opposite sides of the Atlantic whilst he worked as a Research Fellow in Cambridge and she completed course requirements for a PhD in Ancient History at the University of Chicago. In July 1999, they finally managed to settle down, buying a house in Botley. Initiation in the worlds of home improvement and gardening rapidly followed, from which neither has yet fully recovered. Nevertheless, the pleasures of homeownership after so many years of academic nomadism are still real, even if the series of roadworks and closures in the summer of 1998 made getting into town something of an adventure. Dr. Gregory's main interests outside work tend to be related to history. He reads about unfamiliar periods for pleasure, visits museums, travels to places of historical interest, watches historical documentaries, devours historical novels and so on. This is either evidence of total dedication or an indication of some deep-seated psychological flaw. To relax he enjoys cooking, films with explosions and laughing at Brookside. He is also addicted to the Simpson, particularly on Fridays after 6 hours of tutorials and he still mourns Channel 4's decision not to show Homicide at a reasonable hour. At the risk of flattering local loyalties he has been vocal in his preference for Oxford over Cambridge as a liveable city and has found the sense of community in Pembroke both intense and enjoyable. His one major irritation of the past year has been his computer, which despite the dedicated efforts of the College computer officer, Colleen Tschan, has broken down with a terrifying regularity. He is at the moment uncertain as to whether the real solution would be to call in a hardware engineer, a software expert or the Diocesan Exorcist. A new Fellow at his old School Dr. Adrian Gregory, the Fellow in Modern History, who replaced David Eastwood on 1 October 1997, has been playing an active role in the College's efforts to attract bright applicants from as wide a range of social and educational backgrounds as

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possible. Adrian, an expert on the First World War, created a new contact with his old school, the Royal Forest of Dean College in Coleford, not only as an alumnus but also as a spokesman for History and for Oxford. Such personal contact with schools and the nurturing of those who have not traditionally sent many applicants to Oxbridge is particularly important in these days of uncertainty about political commitment to the maintenance of the excellence pursued and for so long achieved in Oxford. The enthusiastic response of students, as reflected in this excerpt, is a touching testimony to the impact that Fellows' contributions to admissions efforts can, and does, have.

is like at a typical Oxford College, while Adrian Gregory expressed his willingness to return to his roots in the Forest whenever required."

JANETTE GRIFFITHS

Miri Rubin, Tutor forAdmissions The following extract is taken from the Forest of Dean Newspapers, 10 April 1998: "A strong tradition of history teaching was evident during the recent visit of Dr. Adrian Gregory of Pembroke College, Oxford to the Royal Forest of Dean College. He was taught history at the former Royal Forest of Dean Grammar School between 1981 and 1983 by Dr. Mark Walton, who is now VicePrincipal of the College. Adrian gave a talk in the morning to students who were keen to find out more about Oxbridge entrance. He encouraged able students to apply to benefit from the excellent teaching available, in particular the unique tutorial system.... In the afternoon, Adrian gave a mini lecture to first and second year A-Level historians on the political effects of memories of the First World War. His talk inspired one of the students, Karadin Grainger, to write: 'Dr. Gregory concentrated his energy into creating a fair and balanced argument, concluding with a variety of his own opinions. By doing this, he demonstrated the different teaching methods at college and university....' The link that has now been established between the two colleges will be strengthened by a visit during the summer term of RFDC students to Pembroke College to experience what life

Janette was appointed as Domestic Bursar in September 1997. She brings to Pembroke College 7 years experience as Domestic Bursar at Lady Margaret Hall and 11 years business experience specialising in marketing - strategy and tactics - for such companies as Spear and Jackson, Royal Worcester and

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Richton International (Corocraft jewellery), having attained a BA Business Studies Degree and CIM Diploma (Chartered Institute of Marketing). And finally 6 years salmon fishing experience, catching her first fresh salmon in July 1998! Despite this, her motto is 'a bad day's fishing beats a good day working!'

JAMES MCKEE

Her introduction to Oxford Academia from the business world was something of a culture shock. Especially the lack of any kind of induction or management process or guidance information in terms of the way Colleges work within the University. Commenting on this to a Senior Fellow, the response, which has stayed with her as 'summing up' Oxford was, "but it is management by Osmosis". Hence, she went about the process of absorbing as much information as possible, and translating her business experience into bringing about the change in a way which was acceptable and, as far as possible, took into account the College traditions and culture. Having always been achievement orientated, this made the successes even more rewarding. She soon came to feel a sense of belonging at 'Oxford'. Her support knows no bounds - she was at Twickenham supporting Oxford (who else?) in the Varsity Match whilst her beloved black Labrador, Tay (named after the famous salmon fishing river), whelped a litter of 5 pups. It goes without saying that the only bitch is named 'Varsity'. She was delighted when the Chaplain, John Platt, agreed to bless her marriage to Keith in Pembroke College Chapel in September 1998, sealing a feeling of belonging at Pembroke, just one year after taking up her Fellowship. Her ambition is - to treat Friday as Poets Day - just once in a while. Seriously, she wants to enjoy coming to work for several years more and to continue to meet the challenges wrought by new and increasingly harsh government regulations, when to fund their implementation is made more difficult by the swingeing government fee cuts.

James McKee was appointed as Tutorial Fellow in Pure Mathematics in October 1997 as a temporary (four-and-a-bit years) replacement for Martin Bridson, while the latter continues his research. Since Ian Grant's retirement, he has assumed the responsibilities of Senior Mathematics Tutor. Although he spent his formative years in Lesotho, James is a native of Louth in Lincolnshire. From an early age he found himself fascinated by mathematics, and considers himself fortunate to have been able to pursue that passion through research and teaching. An early lucky break came when his maths teacher caught him reading during class. When she

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discovered that he was reading a book on advanced calculus, she began to wonder whether this awkward child needed special attention. She encouraged him to take his maths A-level two years early, and started him on the slippery slope towards the life of an academic. For a while he seemed in danger of drifting towards Applied Mathematics, as he represented Britain in an international summer school on the study of populations in Sydney, but when he went up to St. John's College, Cambridge to read Mathematics he soon had such thoughts quashed, and rekindled his love of mathematics for its own sake. James was to remain in Cambridge for ten years, as undergraduate, postgraduate, and Research Fellow. During that period he developed a special interest in the field of computational number theory, and in particular algorithms for factorising integers. This is a rather unusual area of pure mathematics inasmuch as it has extremely important applications in areas such as the security of communications, although this was certainly not the reason that James decided to specialise in it, and he is pleased to report that he has proved many more useless results than useful ones. His doctoral thesis, under Richard Pinch, was largely concerned with elliptic curves, particularly with subtleties in the distribution of the numbers of points on elliptic curves over finite prime fields (there are implications for factorising integers). His work in Cambridge on factorisation was pursued during a Research Fellowship at Trinity Hall. Visitors to Trinity Hall Senior Common Room may still be lucky enough to see the large prime that he left behind. Between leaving Cambridge and arriving in Oxford, James spent a year as a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh. Here he was initiated by Chris Smyth into the study of Pisot numbers, and helped to show how to construct Pisot numbers with any desired integral trace, shattering the conjecture that certain traces were unattainable. Since moving to Pembroke, he has renewed his collaboration with his PhD supervisor in demolishing various cryptosystems, whilst also pursuing some of his earlier work, and dabbling in new problems. It is an exciting time for him to be in Pembroke, as the Mathematical Sciences are undergoing rapid expansion: Pembroke will this year be admitting more students in mathematics courses than any other Oxford College.

James's recreations including playing the piano, crosswords and infrequent hill-walking. His sporting activities extend to a single annual game of postal chess (at which sport he has represented Lincolnshire for many years). He is married to Helen, a palaeographer, who works for the University of Wales in Aberystwyth.

Pembroke College Record

SOCIETIES JUNIOR COMMON ROOM Pembroke JCR has become widely accepted to be one of the most well-respected and admired student unions in the country. As we come to the end of another year of representing Pembroke's undergraduate population on a College, University and national level, the sense of community and pride within the JCR continues to strengthen. Over the past year, the JCR has asserted its independence and unique voice in a number of ways. Not only are we the only JCR running an independent student hardship scheme, but we are also the sole student body to be funding two overseas students. The Art Fund has seen its first year of operation as an independent company. The Art exhibition, held in May 1998, attracted a number of submissions from across the country as well as from Ruskin School of Fine Art in Oxford. Following the exhibition, the Directors have decided to make purchases on behalf of the Art Fund for the first time in a number of years. The Art Fund is currently entering into discussions with a view to a potential exhibition at the Ashmolean Museum or the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.

MIDDLE COMMON ROOM The year 1997-1998 was a positive one for the MCR. Graduate involvement in College life continued to grow as did cooperation between graduate and undergraduate Pembrokians. We had a number of successful joint MCR-JCR social events while both committees made an effort to meet the needs of the student body as a whole. Sporting activities also offered a chance for MCR members to join with undergraduates in representing the College in inter-collegiate competition. As a result graduate students became involved in rowing, tennis, basketball, football and cricket. In addition the MCR yet again proved its prowess over our more 'mature' friends from the SCR in the annual MCR-SCR Cricket One Day Test Match. A big thanks to all who participated in an event more impressive for the eating and drinking rather than the quality of cricket! Facilities were greatly improved in the common room itself with the addition of new furniture, decorations and satellite television. With the help of the Housekeeper, Jane Osborne, and the Maintenance Team, led by Brian Simpson, we now have a pleasant comfortable place to relax in between trips to the Bodleian. Thanks to a kind donation from the father of MCR member, Ian Gadd, our computer officer, had extra computers to add to our small supply.

Pembroke JCR remains unique and is often cited as the student body that other JCRs aspire to emulate.

The MCR social scene remained vibrant throughout the year. Guest and Termly Dinners remained popular, especially as an opportunity to see SCR representatives in party mode! The first ever MCR May Day Dinner was a wonderful success and demonstrated the endurance of some of our members who managed to keep drinking champagne until it was time for Magdalen Bridge, and beyond! Future graduates are advised not to follow the example of Phillipe Leveque who required a helping hand from the police after jumping off the bridge. Later in the year the Halloween Ghosts and Ghouls Dinner was a great success. Thank you to special guest Reverend Platt for his fascinating insights into the history of Halloween and for donning his Halloween Mask with enthusiasm.

Tarik O'Regan, President

We would of course like to thank all members of staff in the College who have helped us along the way. Special thanks to

The JCR has had its fair share of light relief too. Motions passed have included making the rock group, Pink Floyd, honorary members of the JCR. The Pembroke Commemoration Ball programme of 1969, when the band played, is one of their most valuable pieces of memorabilia around today. Rarely a week goes past when Pembroke JCR is not mentioned in the student press for being innovative in one way or another. Communications from Her Majesty, declaring war on other Colleges and beer sponsorship deals have all made their way on to the pages of Cherwell or the Oxford Student.

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Pat Rogers, our Graduate Secretary, and Jackie Lewis for putting up with constant requests and visits; to Gloria Mundy for her help on a variety of projects; to Tariq O'Regan, JCR President; Irene Barlow and Dennis, the Silverman, for service beyond the call of duty; to Peter, Joan and Pat, the people who take our money but are so much more than that, and finally to the Dean of Graduates, Professor Brian Howard. Leigh Siefring President:

Leigh Matthew Siefring

Treasurer:

Alex Smith/Julie Cocks

Secretary:

John Taylor

Social Secretary:

Julie Cocks

Computer Officer:

Richard Tolcher

Welfare Officer:

Sarah Ward

Sports Officer:

Khalid Khan

BLACKSTONE SOCIETY

Master's Lodgings. Our guest speaker was Sir Thomas Legg, then Permanent Secretary to the Lord Chancellor and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, and now, as I write, inquirer into the arms to Africa affair. Sir Thomas gave us an insight into the role and responsibilities of the Lord Chancellor's Department and his speech sparked a very lively debate on contingency fees and the relative lack of women on the bench. On behalf of all Pembroke lawyers, I would like to thank Sir Thomas very much for coming to the dinner and speaking to us. The twenty-second Blackstone Lecture was delivered in mid-May this year by the Rt. Hon. The Lord Nolan, who spoke on Government, Ethics and the Law. Then as the academic year drew to its close and with an eye on the future, the Blackstone Society invited Catrin Griffiths (Pembroke 1983) and Vivienne Wilson from New City Media to talk to first year lawyers about summer vacation placements and ultimately training contracts. Our thanks go to Catrin and Vivienne for a very illuminating talk This year's committee now hands on with best wishes to James Harvey, Liz Jordan and Elizabeth Baker, who are already planning ahead enthusiastically for next year's events.

1997-8 has seen the Blackstone Society maintain its tradition as a calm and reassuring presence in the lives of Pembroke lawyers - never too "in your face", yet always there. And so it was that this year's committee of myself, Charlie McConnell and Vincent Leung, welcomed the new intake of freshers in October with a drinks party aimed to ease these innocents into the world of law.

Jamie Wiseman-Clarke, President

Maintaining that rationality so admired by all non-lawyers, the committee organised the annual Blackstone Dinner for Friday 13 February, and, indeed, the evening was a great success. With the kind permission of the Master, and generous sponsorship from Rowe and Maw, the dinner took place in the

1996-1997 has been a difficult year, with the vagaries of recruitment not smiling favourably on the Chapel Choir, but high hopes of a large number of enthusiastic freshen were not disappointed and full choral services once more rang out through the Chapel, with the choir able to tackle new repertoire and get

CHAPEL CHOIR As choral music becomes increasingly commercialised, and with Oxford scarcely immune from this trend, it is easy to overlook the sort of singing that goes on in the smallest colleges while the likes of New College and Christ Church promote their latest release. While the work they do is undoubtedly fine, there are groups of enthusiastic singers all over Oxford who are keeping the tradition for which it is so justly famed alive and well, none more so than Pembroke Choir.

Pembroke College Record

to grips with the mysteries of Anglican chant. Michaelmas Term saw a highly successful (and completely packed!) carol service, as well as a performance with Lincoln Chapel Choir of Vivaldi's Gloria and Christmas carols. The highlight of Hilary Term was without doubt the choir's participation in a joint venture with seven other Oxford chapel choirs, a performance of Thomas Tallis' great 40 part motet, Spem in alium. This was a memorable experience which will stay with all those who took part for the rest of their lives; rumour has it that it may not be the last time such a venture is undertaken. This was followed by an appearance on the BBC's Songs of Praise from St. Mary the Virgin - r 0,111- \I fame at last! As Trinity Term went on, numbers inevitably dwindled as exams loomed, but the last service of term entailed a performance of John Tavener's 'Hymn to the Mother of God, by no means an easy piece, and a very fitting tribute to the progress made by the Chapel Choir over the previous nine months. The maintenance of a Chapel Choir at a small college without the certainties provided by choral I scholarships or bursaries is not always an easy task, but my abiding impression of my first year at Pembroke is that in a College where commitment and enthusiasm are so strong, next year can only see us build on the achievements of this one. Special thanks must of course go to the Chaplain (and Acting Chaplain) for their continued support, and this article would not be complete without an acknowledgement of the energy and hard work which the departing Senior Organ Scholar, Sara Faulkner, put into the Chapel throughout her three years; life moves on, but she will be greatly missed. Edward Aldhouse, Organ Scholar

JOHNSON SOCIETY The Johnson Society has continued to be active this year, fulfilling its promise of providing members of the College with the opportunity to debate contentious (and not-so-contentious) subjects in relative informality. We started the year with a debate on religion, which is starting to become something of a tradition within the society. This year's motion was 'This house believes being a Christian means committing intellectual suicide' which was proposed by two Pembroke philosophy students, and opposed by two guests from Wycliffe Hall, one of Oxford's Theological Colleges. There was a huge turnout for the event, filling Staircase Eight's lecture room, and a good number of challenging points were raised. Other events included a speaker meeting in which we were delighted to have Paul Latham from the British Field Sports Society come and give his views, in light of this year's reaction from the general public over such issues. This was an extremely interesting evening and provided a way for members of the college to hear thoughts on a controversial subject without the manipulation of the media. Our year finished with what the Presidents thought would be a lightweight discussion on the 'Teletubbies', the children's educational TV series that has turned into a cult phenomenon. However, we had not reckoned on the emergence of arguments including parallels with the Garden of Eden at one end of the utopian scale and George Orwell's 1984 at the other! All in all, a successful year for the society, and we look forward to more stimulating events next year. Allan Baird & Michael Roberts (Presidents)

TEASEL Under the joint stewardship of John Boumphrey and Kieran Bowers, the Teasel Club enjoyed yet another memorable and successful year. After the induction of 6 new members in October '9

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two events were held during Michaelmas term: a cocktail evening for 70 people and a black tie dinner, both held in the Weatherly Room in college. Hilary Term saw the Club moving further afield, firstly to the Rockefeller Room in the GAB for a drinks party attended by well over 100 people, and secondly for a somewhat riotous dinner at Atta's Brasserie on the High Street, notable first and foremost for the presence of certain members' parents. Finals sadly put paid to a dinner in Trinity Term, but the year finished on a high with Teasel Drinks in the pleasant surroundings of the Fellows' Garden in college. It is hoped that in subsequent years the Teasel Club continues to enjoy a reputation for offering evenings of a unique social appeal, and that its good name is spread further throughout the university.

CLUBS

Once more, initial training for Torpids was hampered by the weather. Very high streams made most of the Thames unusable and so the first week was spent in the gym. Both men's and women's 1st Torpids boated out of Abingdon School, with the men being coached once again by Rob Dauncey, whilst the women were under the guidance of Francesco Mascaro. A very fast men's 1st Torpid was produced which rowed clear away from Magdalen behind, but was unable to close to closer than a third of a length on Oriel. The event was cancelled on the Saturday due to high winds, robbing the crews of an exciting encounter with New College, who had moved up to 3rd position on the Friday. For the women a gain of one place was made, whilst the strong women's 2nd Torpid were thwarted in their bid for blades by the Saturday cancellation.

A new Eton Phoenix racing shell was delivered to the women's 1st VIII, which they used to maintain their position as 5th on the river. The men's 1st VIII was one of the quickest BOAT CLUB produced for some years. Starting This year, Pembroke had a strong third, the crew swiftly bumped presence in both the women's Magdalen before the Gut, leaving heavyweight and men's lightweight the crew three days to chase Oriel. squads. Claire Green was ViceThe Thursday saw Pembroke a President of OUWBC and quarter of a length down passing the competed once more in the Boat boathouses, whilst on the Friday the Race along with Karen Jones, who boat was only a matter of inches had learnt to row at Pembroke the behind at the finish. On the previous year. Jon Watkinson, Saturday, another close race was Pembroke Captain '96-'97, was held, but once again Oriel escaped. President of OULRC and was It was disappointing to be so close to joined in the Lightweight Blue Boat the Headship and not take it, but by William Wagner and George that, of course, is the nature of the Aitken-Davies. Oxford University Lightweigh t Crew 1998. W.H. Wagner (back event; being undoubtedly the fastest As in past years the focus of row, second from right). G.E. Aitken-Davies (front row, second crew on the river does not always Michaelmas Term was to produce from left). J.R.W Wilkinson (front row, last on right). result in the desired bumps. several novice crews for Christ Church Regatta and gain race experience for the senior squads at The Committee would like to take this opportunity to thank Fairbairns. The men's 1st VIII was aided by a couple of 1st years all those who came down to support us throughout the year and who had rowed at school, but had an indifferent race. Several have helped the club both financially and with their time. large novices were added to the women's crew and a good midTim Jarratt table result was achieved.

Pembroke College Record

It has been a very successful year for the boat club and also a lot of fun. The excitement generated at Eights as we closed to a foot off Oriel, the Men's 3rd VIII getting blades, the arrival of a new Women's eight and the Men's 1st VIII winning Bedford Regatta beating Bedford School (who were to miss out only narrowly on a National Schools regatta Medal) are all fond memories. It is clear that things at Pembroke are going in the right direction and as the Fresher intake increases so should our expectation of knocking Oriel off the Headship in both Torpids and Eights. As outgoing President, I would like to make a plea to all exPembroke rowers to get in touch with us, if only to leave your address. We are trying to re-establish the Friends of PCBC as a more active body, both socially and in a fundraising capacity. We will be sending out a Newsletter to all Pembroke rowers for whom we have an address, so if you let us know of yours and of anything you might like us to include in the newsletter, for example, anything you may have done of interest since leaving, or changes of address, etc., please contact the Chairperson, Leila Hudson, 24 Adelina Mews, King's Avenue, Clapham, London, SW12 OBG. The Friends are a vital key to future Pembroke success on the river. George Aitken-Davies, President

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR President

George Aitken-Davies

Men's Captain

Neil Pizey

Women's Captain

Kirsty Penkman

Men's Vice-Captain

Alex Dabous

Women's Vice-Captain

Ursula Errington

Secretary

Geoff Dolman

Men's 1st VIII B

James Walsh

Tim Jarratt

Will Johnson

William Wagner

Neil Pizey

Chris Salmon

George Aitken-Davies

Chris Le Miere

Victoria Wilkinson

Coach

Robert Dauncey

Women's 1st VIII B

Becky Collie

Rachael Vincent

Cat Stoodley

Ursula Errington

Anna Saunders

Alice Dale

Suzanne Bessette

Karen Jones

Claire Green-Wilkinson

Coach

Francesco Mascaro

FOOTBALL Pembroke were in the second division again. Surely, we would gain promotion. All the stars remained. Nicky Millar, the previous year's captain, was accompanied by the big green bean, Jim Foster, the ginger kid, Owen Sucksmith, the twig affectionately know as Beard, Chris Mainwairing-Taylor, towers of strength like Big Old Ted Fanning and Jim MacPherson, and

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University players Con Griffin, Richie Waterworth and Tim Easingwood. The third year army, faced with impending exams, decided to commit to the cause. After the shock of their first year, which consisted of sometimes onesided drubbings, the second years were eager to change the record this time round. At the heart of this renaissance was the holy trinity of Pembroke Football: Keith Morrison (aka Paddy) captained, on his right hand side his deputy second team captain, Emmett Fitzgerald, and the pervading secretarial presence of Jake 'Chopper' Bridges on his left. The second year disciples included Ian Lee, Tim Fisher, James Harper, William Hill and Arthur Chow. The prodigal son and saint of Pembroke football, Dave Anthony, was back in Oxford working and pledged his allegiance to the red and white of Pembroke. All we needed was a couple of first years. Well, freshers did arrive. Most were enthusiastic. Hugo Lambert, who could never play in his first team, was ever present at training. Paul Satchell, Alex Harrison, Paul Etheridge, Greg Vartukan, and John Stevens were the new babes of football. Who could ever forget, also, the brilliant second team, graced with many freshers, that managed to storm to victory in every game. However, the hurricane that was Fitzgerald Furies did not reverberate throughout the rest of the University. Emmett forgot to send in any results and Pembroke weren't credited with any points. However, cunningly, this proved to Pembroke's advantage. They'd remain in the 5th division and would be able to enjoy handing out many more thrashings in the future. Special thanks should be given to Emmett for doing a great job

and making second team football more enjoyable then it could ever have been conceived. This was the major achievement for the year. It could not have been argued that nobody enjoyed playing football. The first team failed, however, in gaining promotion. We finished two points below the cut-off point, in sixth. Paddy, recovering from knee surgery, didn't play in the first team; instead, after purchasing an all-purpose managerial style rain jacket, yelled out valuable advice from the side-lines. There may have been a communication problem; Paddy's Irish. One famous defeat came from the hands of St. Anne's, where the footballing genius decided to play three centre backs when he had none at his disposal. Pembroke lost 5-3. However, importantly, they had faith in their mighty leader. Sticking to his five man midfield philosophy, Pembroke rose from the ashes of earlier defeats. This change in fortune coincided with the cup run. This captured the imagination of not just the footballers but many JCR members who flocked to matches with the prospect of beer touching their lips. This was Arthur Chow's Barmy Army. Dave Anthony finished off Keble in the first round with a miraculous hat-trick. The old enemy, Christ Church, were next. As they felt the full force of Ian Lee's truncheon from all of thirty yards, they cruised to a 5-2 victory in extra time. Next up was Brasenose. Talk surrounded their Oxford City striker. Nick Millar saw to him. He also saw to missing a penalty. It didn't matter. A dominant midfield performance gave us a 2-0 victory. The game will surely be remembered for Jake Bridges and 'that tackle'. So, the semi-finals beckoned. Pembroke had got further than anybody expected, even the competition organiser, John Hitchson, admitted. Ian Mills was eager to play but was told if he played football again he may never walk again. On the day of the match, Pembroke were depleted. Pembroke were playing a rugby match the day before and star left back, Richie Waterworth was out with stitches. Three other players feeling bruises, played on and faced Worcester - 'we train too hard and are far too keen' - College. We lost. But we didn't want to win. In this way it was poetry.

Pembroke College Record

And it was poetry later at football dinner. A fabulous spectacle, it will be a night none of us will remember, except maybe our song and mascot for the evening: Barry Venison and Roxanne. Rumours have it that Barry Venison may appear next year. Only our countless unanswered letters can tell us otherwise. Paul Satchell was elected captain; Alex Harrison was voted in charge of the second team; and bizarrely, Mark Allworthy, resident in Jordan for the year, on his return would be rewarded the post of secretary. Finally, I think it should be mentioned that, in a related sport, Gaelic football, many Pembrokian footballers adorned the University Colours. Paddy recruited for his strange sport: Emmett Fitzgerald, Nick Millar, Jake Bridges, Jim Foster, Ed Fanning and Stu Timson (token rugby guy). Incidentally, we shoed the TABs. Keith Morrison, Captain

MEN'S HOCKEY The season began with a concerted effort to recruit as many freshen as humanly possible, which seemed the only way in which we would manage to recover from the loss of the legends of Pembroke hockey who had been tempted away from student life by the lure of the 'real world' at the end of the year. Our team was to need much rejuvenation, as without the ball-holding capability of Chris Hawley, and the monstrous firepower of Faisal Anwar, amongst others, the future of Pembroke hockey seemed to be hanging on a thread. Although the fresher intake produced twice as many hockey players as we had managed the previous year, they still only numbered two, and the future looked bleak. It was to require the selfless commitment of final year students with far more important things to do to save the day, and thankfully, in true Pembroke spirit, they were up to the job. So the season began. It was with much bravery and fortitude that we lost the first game of the year to go out of the men's Cuppers, and the team learnt many important lessons. Firstly, that having Neil Jasani on the pitch doesn't necessarily win you

the match, especially on 'bobbly' grass. Secondly, that practising as a team before a game is probably a good idea. And thirdly, that it's not the winning, it's the taking part that matters anyway. Confused by their defeat, the team began to focus on the start of the league. The players were, by this stage, beginning to take on a natural formation. Since we had no attackers or defenders, our midfield was strong, if slightly overcrowded. Certain players began to make their impression on the team for various reasons. Charlie Elliott, the first of our new intake, was unmistakable for his strong challenges and lightning pace, whilst Paul Etheridge seemed to have brought more skill to the game than he knew what to do with. Jon Emery continued his quest for the reverse stick goal of the century, which never failed to delight the crowds of spectators. We saw the return of Alex Craster, whose one-handed runs down the right wing really did have to be seen to be believed. Graham Taylor was always willing to pick up his defender's stick and often saved the embarrassment of our keeper, Graham Sheriff. Tom Bauer's onpitch cries were both instructive and inspirational, and almost as memorable as his stick skills (for those that don't know, Tom is now coaching a hockey side in Sri Lanka. We wish them well). Ed Hawkins made some important contributions to defence and midfield before being brutally eaten by the Finals monster early in the Hilary Term. Making several guest appearances from the second year were Emmett Fitzgerald and Will Middleton, whose ability to score goals repeatedly defied some of the finest minds in Oxford. Adding colour to the team were Haitham Ghatta's shorts, which brightened up many a dull winter's afternoon. Andy Levitt played once, which was enough. And so the team ferociously defended their rightful place in Oxford's first division, and despite early 'setbacks' began to mould themselves into a force to be reckoned with. By the end of the season the team gave some truly gritty performances, one of the most memorable of which was our victory over an overconfident Christ Church side who, though second in the league standings, were no match for our sheer determination to win. We finished the season midway down the league, securing our first-division status. My thanks go to Kevin for his endless supply of shandy and

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flat grass, Neil Jasani for his support and encouragement, and to all those who played, willingly and unwillingly, during the year and haven't been mentioned. Seeing as this includes just about everyone I know, it might have taken some time. Special thanks go to Charlie Elliott, who takes over the position of Men's Captain next year. Good luck. James Gomez, Captain

NETBALL The 1997-98 season saw netball re-establishing itself as a popular sport in College, with the team entering the OUNC league for the first time for a number of years. As a newcomer to the ranks, PCNC was inevitably placed in the fourth division, but determination for promotion was ardent amongst the regular Thursday-fixture players. More importantly, the matches were consistently enjoyable, with many of us resurrecting longforgotten skills from school: we all seemed to have forgotten what to do with our legs, but this rustiness produced some comic, and at times inspired, manoeuvres, such as the muchlauded 'upside-down-through-my-knees' pass delivered by Kirsty Penkman, in a pressured moment under the goal post. As the players became familiarised with each other's styles (however unorthodox), our game grew accurate and fluid, and, at the end of the season, we finished an agreeable third place in the division. Stalwart players of the year included Sylvie Coupaud, whose relentless energy, versatility and general zippiness impressed us in every match, and Ursula Errington, who deserves special veneration for her remarkable dedication to the cause: even impaling her foot upon a spike on the gates of Christ Church meadow could not deter our sprightly centre from the court, bandages and all. Several 'token males' (one male team member is allowed per match) also merit our thanks for bringing acceleration to our game, even if we were often unable to catch their violent and highly ambitious rugby-style passes! Hilary Term brought the undisputed highlight of our season, the Pembroke College Netball Allstars embarked upon a glorious tour of Cambridge, which took place on a sunny weekend in

February. We played a frenzied five friendlies against various Tab colleges, dashing from one side of the town to the other, to complete our intensive timetable. Our progress over these two days was remarkable, from the first rather muddled game with St. Catz, to our final closely fought clash with Selwyn. In true Pembroke style, all matches were highly entertaining and characterised by their good humour; entertainment then extended into the evening, with a parallel tour of our opponents' college bars ... I hope that the Cambridge crusade can become a regular fixture, and that 1998-99 will see us spiralling up the echelons of the League. Thanks to everyone who played with such alacrity this season - and good luck to Mary Clay, next year's Captain! Laura Albery, Captain

RUGBY The 1996-1997 Record paints a picture of a mighty Pembroke team fighting for supremacy at the top of the First Division. Although nobody can deny that the First Division is where spiritually we belong, two disastrous years have seen us plummet from our podium spot to the murky depths of the Fourth Division. The reasons for our decline are fairly simple. The 1995 all-conquering squad disbanded fairly completely at the end of the year as all of our Blues, and most of our more experienced players, graduated. The following season (1996) there was very little interest in rugby and Pembroke began a very rapid decline. The 1997 season saw Pembroke rebuilding. Stu Timpson was a very diligent and hardworking Captain and as a whole we enjoyed limited success. The combination of a keen fresher intake and the return of fourth years who had spent a year abroad meant that, although we did not manage to raise our heads above the Fourth Division, our Cuppers run took us to the Second Division finals. The final was played against Univ. in the University Parks as the Iffley Road stadium was in use. The match was low scoring and very close. Pembroke lost by only one try, but we gave the mass of Pembroke support that had gathered, (including, as always, the Revd. John Platt), plenty to cheer about.

Pembroke College Record

On to 1998. The rebuilding process is continuing. Again, we have had keen interest from the freshers and the new postgraduates. The squad now, on paper at least, looks very impressive. We have a smattering of Blues, a number of county players, and a handful of University League players. Why then are Pembroke still languishing in the Fourth Division? Well, again, a combination of factors. Labs. and injury have kept a large number of players out, but this is to be expected in every college. The main reason we don't do better is a lack of confidence and self-belief. Until we shake this off and instil a passion for rugby back into the College in terms of players, and supporters, then the Fourth Division is where we shall remain. Having said this, Coppers always generates interest and I am confident again of doing well. I am looking forward to showing the colleges to which we have lost in the league what the Pembroke rugby team can really do. The captaincy of Pembroke rugby is not easy. It is so much harder to be the captain of a struggling team. Having said that, successful teams hardly need a captain at all, other than to flip a coin at the beginning of a match and shake the referee's hand at the end. I am enjoying the captaincy a great deal and with the firm help of Alex Branczik, the rugby secretary, I feel that this season we are playing a vital role in reinstating Pembroke to the top flight, even though it won't be us that in several years time are wearing the First Division crown again. Mark Bullock, Captain

SKI CLUB Founded 1996 The Pembroke College Ski Club is probably the youngest of all the college's sports clubs, having been formed in the past academic years by two very enthusiastic skiers. So far a number of excursions to both Wycombe Summit and Tamworth Snowdome have taken place to improve technique and try out all the latest equipment. The coming term will see an increase in this activity - fortnightly lessons being arranged for those joining the first ever Pembroke College Ski Trip to Val

Thorens, France in 9th Week of Hilary Term 1998. We hope that this will be the 'biggest and best week of the year' for all involved and are currently trying to raise sponsorship for the trip in an attempt to lower some of the costs for the students and make this a more affordable sport. In addition, Hilary Term will see some Cuppers matches at Wycombe Summit; with a number of experienced and expert skiers our chances are looking very promising. We hope to be able to give you some good news in next year's Record. Carina Bloom

SQUASH A special thanks must go to Ed Hawkins, last year's captain, who had a far from easy job trying to organise matches and especially practices away from our courts. As has been said, the building which houses the courts has been condemned by the local council and the courts are too slippery to play on, due to the risk of injury. Fortunately, however, a temporary solution has been found. Thanks to the co-operation of the Amalgamated Clubs Society and in particular Dr Young, the Pembroke College Squash Club has been affiliated to the Iffley Road University Sports Centre. This has meant that we have been able to have regular practices all term. The new influx of Freshers brought with it some promising new players, though not quite enough to merit entering two teams into the league as well as Cuppers. In the 1st Division things proved tougher than we may have thought for our 1st team. Due to a combination of factors which included one twotime Blue (Gavin Green) leaving, another blue (John Winter) being in his final year, and some very strong MCR teams, we dropped two divisions in the league to Division 3. Nevertheless, we shone again in Cuppers where the commitment of all the players was admirable. The 2nd team narrowly lost in the semifinals against a Wolfson 2nd team in formidable form. The 1st team again reached the final that was played at New College and was watched by an impressive crowd of about 50. Once again the final victory was elusive and we lost a hard fought match three rubbers to two. Let us hope that the cliche 'third time lucky' rings true next year.

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Indeed, things look promising. 011y Rider has been appointed as secretary of the Blues (so congratulations must go to him), and we stand to lose only one player from this year's team. Hopefully with a few able Freshen in September, next year will see the 1st team regain a place in the First Division, and finally get our hands on that Cuppers trophy.

unfortunate but, as it was our first team in the 1st division of League for a few years, we did very well and should remain in this division for the next tennis season.

011y Holbourn.

WOMEN'S HOCKEY

TENNIS This season we had some very good and some unfortunate results in League and Cuppers. We had a very strong team when everyone was present but with exams and other commitments it was often the case that we didn't field our best team. Our Cuppers story is very short being beaten in the second round by Queen's (5-4). This was due to an incomplete team and Queen's had put out a very even team with six players of equivalent standard. In the League we had more success; losing only two out of five matches. Our first match was against Balliol and we had a convincing win with 011y Holbourn and Ben Grave (both University 2nd players) playing at 1st pair, Damon Rahbar-Daniels and myself at 2nd pair and Jim Gomez and John Stevens at 3rd pair. We also had convincing wins over St. Peter's and Keble and our only real challenge lay in Worcester and Magdalen. We didn't field a full team against either of these and were beaten thus taking away our chance of winning the 1st League. Overall we had a good season. Such an early departure in Cuppers was

Robert Leach, Captain

The hockey season for 1997/98 looked very promising as the new year had brought with it a good number of enthusiastic first years to replace those members we had lost in the third year. The Cuppers tournament took place in Michaelmas Term and we were lucky enough to boast three University hockey players, Carolyn Johnston, Vicky Pope and Sarah Mackie. We managed to reach the quarter-finals of the Cuppers tournament but unfortunately met a very strong Jesus team who stole our chances of going any further. In Hilary Term the League Championship is played. We began the tournament as champions, holding the top position in the premier division. Unfortunately, however, due to the loss of some of our stronger players through the demands of university sport, our reign was to continue no further and, despite battling through, we had to give up our position to St. Catherine's. Our annual tour to Cambridge, however, made up for this disappointment and proved once again to be a success. We played against Magdalene, Emmanuel, St. Catherine's and Pembroke Colleges and, despite losing to the first two, triumphantly beat St. Catherine's and our arch-enemies Pembroke !!! We also hosted two tours from the London and St. Mary's medical schools. We finished the season with an Old Pembrokians match versus players from 1995/96. Despite some strong opposition from the Old Pembrokians, the fitness and youth of our team led us to success. It was interesting and amusing to meet those people who represented the history of our teams. Jane Salmon, Captain.

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PEMBROKE PEOPLE, PEMBROKE VIEWS KING cABDULLAFI AT OXFORD It was in May 1982 that Sir Geoffrey Arthur, the then Master of Pembroke, and I were approached by the late King Hussein to see if we could arrange a special one-year course in Middle Eastern Studies for his eldest son Prince cAbdullah, to complement the course he was doing at Sandhurst prior to his joining the Jordanian army. In the more relaxed 1960s the then Crown Prince, Prince Hassan, had taken a full degree course whilst living in a set of rooms at Christ Church. In the early 80s there were real fears for the security of the Jordanian royal family, even when they were in this country. For example, kidnap, or worse, by the IRA 'in solidarity with their Palestinian comrades' was thought to be a distinct possibility. It was therefore agreed that Prince cAbdullah would become a member of Pembroke but would not live in. By great good fortune we discovered that John Fennell, then Professor of Russian, was intending to spend the next academic year abroad, and that his house in Canterbury Road would be available. It was leased for the year, and in October Prince cAbdullah moved in. He was not alone! There was always a member of the Diplomatic Protection Group on duty (there were three of them on a rota of a week at a time); there were three sergeants from the Jordanian Royal Guard; and two Alsatians. For the sergeants, in particular, it was a difficult posting, and it is typical of cAbdullah's kindness that he eased their problems by arranging for them to have English lessons and personally paying for them. Security considerations curtailed the Prince's social life in College, much to his displeasure. In particular, he could not dine in Hall very often; and when he did he had a unique `privilege': he sat on High Table, with the duty officer next to him, facing the body of the Hall. He also caused an anomaly at the matriculation ceremony. Pembroke was one over number that year - the duty officer was there too. Geoffrey Arthur and I did most of the teaching, though for

Modern Middle Eastern History we turned to Derek Hopwood of St. Antony's. The highlight of the week for cAbdullah was undoubtedly the session he had with Geoffrey Arthur in the Master's Study between 5 and 7 on Wednesdays, when the politics and politicians of the Middle East were dissected. In one sense the sessions were dry. The duty officer was allowed to take the Master's Malt Whisky downstairs to while away the time. For various aspects of Arabic studies cAbdullah used to come and see me every morning for about three-quarters of an hour. He thus had to work harder than most undergraduates, something that I do not think he would have managed without the discipline he had acquired at Sandhurst. He also attended classes on Islam, including one on a subject that he will have to deal with every day as King: the application of traditional ShariCa law in the modern world. A small group of Muslim students would raise questions such as 'Am I allowed to wear make-up?' (not a question posed by cAbdullah) and we would look at possible answers. On one occasion a serious young woman from Qatar asked what she should do if she were praying in a plane and the plane changed direction. At this the eyes of cAbdullah, the practical parachutist, glazed, and I do not think he was much impressed when I said that the answer had been decided in the first few years of Islam when sailors raised the problem of ships tacking at sea; but there was a big smile when I commented that with dedicated prayer the change in direction would not be noticed. For cAbdullah life in Trinity Term was more relaxed than it had been earlier. It was judged that he could travel about more freely, and he took to cycling round the City, plus, of course, the duty officer. Most of the term was dry and sunny, and they clocked up a good number of miles. For relaxation cAbdullah turned to the Army. Most weekends he would be off to drive tanks with the British Army of the Rhine. It was always a relief to hear on Sunday night that he was back, without having crossed into East Germany or something like that. However, it was not just the practical side of the Army that took his attention. When he discovered that my son was a somewhat rickety pillar of the St. Edward's CCF he was happy to go to the school and talk to the CCF about the

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Jordanian Army. It was, I believe, his first public engagement. It was also whilst he was at Oxford that he received his first introduction to what has now become his lot. At the time that cAbdullah was here, there was no suggestion that he would one day succeed to the throne. Nevertheless, on a couple of occasions he was summoned back to Jordan to act as Regent for a day or so because both his father and his uncle, Crown Prince Hassan, had to be abroad. The transition of Oxford-AmmanOxford must have been uniquely educational. Alan Jones, Reader in Classical Arabic, Lecturer in Islamic Studies

BOOK REVIEW Randall Bennett Woods, J William Fulbright, Vietnam, and the search for a Cold War foreign policy; Cambridge University Press; 1998; 293 pp; k14.95 (paperback) This scholarly and authoritative study of William Fulbright, one of Pembroke's most famous sons, provides a readable and candid analysis of a major figure in the history of twentieth century American foreign policy. Fulbright's importance was based upon an unusually long and influential career in the American Congress; a career which culminated in a bold and highly important opposition to the development,of the 'Imperial Presidency'. Fulbright was destined to achieve worldwide prominence as the foremost congressional critic of American involvement in the Vietnam War. This volume, an abridgement of Woods' massive prize-winning biography of Fulbright, is naturally focused upon the Senator's importance in the foreign policy field. But it also proves the added bonus for Pembrokians of recalling Fulbright's early life, including his time as a Rhodes Scholar at Pembroke in the 1920s, a time that would leave an indelible mark upon the young American from Arkansas. It was Fulbright's great good fortune to have as his Oxford tutor Ronald Buchanan McCallum, only recently appointed as History Fellow at Pembroke and a brilliant scholar, who was only seven years senior to his student. Fulbright liked and admired McCallum. Indeed, until McCallum's death in 1973, Fulbright and his former tutor (who was later, of course, to become Master of Pembroke) maintained a close intellectual and personal friendship. Woods suggests that the intellectual impact which McCallum had upon Fulbright was central to the development of the Arkansan's views upon international relations. For McCallum was a great admirer of Woodrow Wilson, who at the end of the First World War had inspired the creation of the League of Nations as a new international body for collective security. Under McCallum's influence, Fulbright was to become, and remain, a Wilsonian internationalist for the rest of his life. Years later in 1973, towards the end of his long and illustrious Senate career, Fulbright was to declare that he remained a Wilsonian, a seeker of a world system of laws and a

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believer still in what he regarded as the one great new idea of this century in the field of international relations: the idea of an international organisation with permanent processes for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. Elected as a Democrat during the Second World War to the Federal House of Representatives, Fulbright arrived in Washington in 1943, with Allied armies on the attack on nearly every front, and with serious planning for the post-war peace under way. Aided by a brilliant intellect, Fulbright almost immediately began to make a significant contribution to American planning for the post-war world. Long since convinced by McCallum that the essential Wilsonian concept of the League of Nations had been sound and that the League had failed because of a lack of political vision on both sides of the Atlantic, Fulbright repeatedly argued in the American Congress that America and the world had a 'second chance' to establish a Wilsonian-style international order. Fulbright's ideal was a global organisation with a collective security mandate and a police-keeping force sufficient to enforce that mandate. Central to such an organisation for Fulbright, like other American internationalists, was the active participation of the United States. To give practical point to this internationalist vision, the freshman Congressman from Arkansas co-sponsored the historic Fulbright-Connally Resolution, which placed Congress on record as favouring participation in a post-war collective security organisation, later to be established as the United Nations. Using his new-found national reputation, in 1944 Fulbright conducted a successful campaign to enter the US Senate as Senator for Arkansas. It was not, of course, the Fulbright-Connally Resolution alone which established Fulbright as a leading American Internationalist. At the end of the Second World War, Fulbright introduced in the US Senate a Bill for 'the promotion of international goodwill through the exchange of students in the fields of education, culture and science.' In 1948 the Fulbright Exchange Programme got under way: in practical terms, perhaps the Senator's most individual and useful Wilsonian initiative. As Woods point out, two decades later, Exchange Programmes had been set up with over 100 countries; and by 1987 the Programme as a whole could claim 156,000 alumni in the United States and abroad. Fulbright's vision had created, early in the post-war era, one of the most extensive

and enduring educational exchange programmes in the contemporary world. The scope of this review precludes a detailed consideration of Fulbright's reactions to the early Cold War, although Woods draws attention to two especially important aspects of his outlook. Firstly, even in 1945 Fulbright argued that 'American foreign policy should have two anchors, the Atlantic Community and a collective security organisation in which all nations were represented'. Secondly, at the dawn of the Cold war, an arguably over-optimistic Fulbright saw no reason why the Western democracies and the Soviet Union could not co-exist peacefully. It became abundantly clear during the post-war period that Fulbright had very special qualities of insight in the field of international affairs. In 1950, as the Truman Administration moved to embrace a globalist approach to the containment of Communism, and as neo-isolationists called for the removal of American troops from Europe and only an oceanic defensive perimeter in Asia, Fulbright argued the case for a middle way. His solution was for American participation in the creation of a land force in Western Europe together with the defence of the Western Hemisphere. Fulbright believed that this 'Truman Doctrine with limitations' strategy, as he called it, would be sufficient to bring about the unity of what was called the free world. Thus, like George Kennan, Fulbright was very aware of over-extension by the United States in its military posture, acknowledging that even American resources were limited. Therefore, in Fulbright's view, the United States should not follow a simplistic policy of globalism, regarding communism everywhere as equally dangerous to American interests. Nor did he accept the idea of a monolithic Communist threat. The key event which led ultimately to Fulbright's international prominence as a critic of American foreign policy was his appointment in 1959 as Chairman of the influential Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC). Fulbright was to become the longest serving and arguably most powerful chairman of that august body. Woods plausibly argues that no Chairman since Henry Cabot Lodge brought such intellect, vision, ambition and willingness (if necessary) to challenge the Executive's framing of American foreign policy. Like Lodge, Fulbright was proud,

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stubborn and a natural dissenter. This dissenting aspect of Fulbright's character was soon demonstrated in the mauling he gave the Republican Eisenhower administration over its maladroit handling of the U-2 spy plane affair. His high-profile intervention delighted fellow Democrats in the Presidential election year of 1960. That election was won by John F Kennedy; and Woods persuasively argues that Fulbright was seriously considered for the post of Secretary of State in the new administration. But there proved to be insurmountable obstacles, the most important of which was Fulbright's dismal record on civil rights. Fulbright was, like many other white Southern Democrats of his generation, an unrelenting segregationist who, for example, had signed the Southern Manifesto calling for all legal resistance to implementation of the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling on desegregation in schools. Kennedy passed over Fulbright and made Dean Rusk his Secretary of State. Whilst at first supportive of Kennedy's foreign policy, Fulbright also argued that the US needed to align itself with progressive forces in the international environment and not be trapped into defending the status quo around the world. Thus, when Kennedy sought Fulbright's advice about whether to authorise a CIA-sponsored invasion by Cuban exiles of Castro's Cuba in 1961, the Chairman of the SFRC strongly opposed the plan as a clear violation of America's principles. As it happened, Fulbright was the only senior adviser who warned Kennedy against launching the Bay of Pigs invasion, an operation which ended in abject failure. Yet over the Cuban missile crisis, the most dangerous episode of the entire Cold War, Fulbright and Senator Richard Russell (in secret Congressional advice) adopted a strongly hawkish position advising President Kennedy to go further than a blockade of Cuba: the Senators argued that the US should either destroy the Soviet missiles through a 'surgical' air strike or invade Cuba in order to ensure the destruction of such weapons. Wisely, Kennedy rejected the Fulbright/Russell advice. Woods is unable to provide a clear explanation of this striking lapse of judgement on Fulbright's part: he appears to have been badly briefed by his own staff and perhaps overly influenced by Russell. However, Fulbright quickly re-

established his influence in the foreign affairs field in the wake of the Cuban missile crisis by his skilful piloting of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 through the US Senate. Kennedy's tragic assassination in November 1963 brought Lyndon Johnson into the White House: a development which was to provide Fulbright with some of his most bitter political experiences and also the consolidation of his position as a figure of international significance and stature. At first the JohnsonFulbright relationship went well. Despite White House unease about Fulbright's famous 'old myths and new realities' speech of March 1964, calling for a radical re-appraisal of American foreign policy, Johnson still regarded Fulbright as a friend, personal and political. Over dinner in the White House in July 1964, Johnson persuaded Fulbright to give his crucial backing (as Chairman of the SFRC) for an Administration effort to save the regime in South Vietnam, on the basis that additional American support might become necessary: the President would ask for a Congressional Resolution of support. There was, said Johnson, no intention to widen the war. Thus Fulbright was persuaded to introduce in the Senate the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, providing the President with extraordinarily wide-ranging discretionary power to conduct military operations, if necessary, in South East Asia. Later this Resolution would provide the legal basis for Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War. Woods' analysis strongly suggests that Johnson in 1964 deliberately deceived Fulbright over secret contingency planning for military escalation in Vietnam.' But Fulbright's break with Johnson in fact occurred not over Vietnam, but over US intervention in Dominica in 1965. Fulbright came to the stark conclusion that Johnson had lied to the American people over the Dominican crisis, and he delivered a devastating public attack upon Johnson's handling of the whole affair. It was this speech which destroyed Fulbright's relationship with the President. Woods provides an illuminating analysis of Fulbright's developing opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict. At various times Fulbright blamed the war on the radical right in America and its hysterical fear of Communism, on the increasingly powerful military-industrial complex, and on

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Johnson's own Alamo mentality. In the end, however, Woods persuasively argues that Fulbright came to believe that the liberal internationalist position which he had himself adopted from 1944 to 1964 was equally to blame. That is, the fusion of New Deal liberalism with militant anti-Communism had created an American foreign policy which, whilst altruistic at times (for example, over the post-war reconstruction of Western Europe) was increasingly imperialist in global terms. Having first accepted the liberal Cold War position, Fulbright's later rejection of it was all the more significant, as an indicator of dissent. In 1966, Fulbright as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee began Congressional Hearings on American policy over Vietnam. The Hearings had a devastating impact: George Kennan, the architect of the Containment doctrine, told the Committee that the doctrine was appropriate for Europe, but not for South East Asia; and a highly respected former military commander, General James Gavin, testified that the existing American strategy in Vietnam had no chance of achieving victory. The Vietnam Hearings were watched by millions of Americans and Fulbright proved a master of the techniques of television interrogation. The Hearings made it respectable to question the war in Vietnam: Johnson himself regarded them as a declaration of war on Administration policy over Vietnam. Increasingly appalled by Vietnam, Fulbright began to draw sharper distinctions between genuine internationalism and Cold War globalism; and, more specifically, between the notion of an international community and the imperialist urge for American hegemony.' In December 1966, Fulbright's famous critique of American foreign policy The Arrogance of Power was published: over Vietnam, Fulbright argued for negotiation and American withdrawal. Fulbright's reputation as America's most articulate and influential 'dove' continued to grow. The Arrogance of Power sold over 400,000 copies, making it one of the most widely read books of its time. Following Johnson's political destruction over the conflict in Vietnam, a perhaps somewhat naĂŻve Fulbright at first believed that his successor, Richard Nixon, was genuinely committed to ending the Vietnam War and the Senator was initially prepared

to give Nixon his tacit support. Early in 1969 Nixon and his National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger, privately assured the Chairman of the SFRC that they would move to end the war quickly and that they would not repeat Johnson's mistakes. For his part, Fulbright reminded Nixon that public confidence in the Presidency, in the military, and in the rationale for the US involvement in Vietnam were rapidly disintegrating. As Woods acutely observes, Nixon wanted to end the war in Vietnam, but came to believe that he could do so by winning rather than losing. If Johnson's war had demonstrated the extent to which liberal internationalism in America had become captive to the radical right, then the expansion by Nixon of the war in IndoChina to include the 'secret' war against Cambodia caused Fulbright to fear for the Constitution itself. Woods strongly argues that the Senator concluded that the best way of checking right-wing radicalism and extracting America from Vietnam was by invoking traditional constitutional conservatism. From the summer of 1969 until the end of his Senate career in 1975, Fulbright used the Constitution as the principal rallying point in his long campaign to end the Vietnam War and contain the growing American Empire. In Woods's analysis, Fulbright took the lead in steadily building support within Congress for the notion that first Johnson and then Nixon had made international commitments and had involved the US in wars without proper constitutional authority. With likeminded Senate colleagues, Fulbright was central to a range of legislative measures, culminating in the War Powers Act of 1973, which enabled Congress to reclaim its constitutional authority over the power to declare war. In a telling final summary, Woods suggests that despite his several errors, America was well served by J William Fulbright, this rational man whose great goal was to restore American foreign policy to a more rational and more constitutional basis after the excesses, in particular, of the Johnson and Nixon years. It could be further argued that Fulbright's importance in the field of twentieth century statesmanship, as a highly influential critic of American foreign policy, also related to his sustained belief in the value of genuine internationalism and his concomitant repudiation of American imperialism.

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Notes 1 For interested Pembrokians, the publication details of the Fulbright biography are as follows: Randall Bennett Woods, Fulbright: A Biography, Cambridge University Press; 1995; 771 pp. 2 Henry Kissinger, in his acclaimed treatise on diplomacy, predictably questions the consistency of Fulbright's approach over Vietnam between 1964 and 1966; see Kissinger, H, Diplomacy, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1994, p 666. 3 See the Feature Review of Woods' biography of Fulbright by Thomas J Knock, entitled The Only Wise Man in the Lot', in Diplomatic History, Vol 22, No 1, Winter 1998, p 142. Knock provides a very useful analysis of this and a range of issues. Geoffrey Matthews (1956)

50 YEARS - FROM LUCKY JIMS TO UNLUCKY JOES A perspective from some '48 alumni Lucky Jims It is so hard to respond to calls for financial help without irritation, whether you are supporting a family in mid-career or living on a fixed income in retirement. But it is important that some of us, at least, pause to remember what it was like for us in the sunlit days. And to know what the austere realities are for Pemmy men and women today, and for the College itself. There were 150 undergraduates in Pembroke immediately after the war. We were a mixed crew, disparate in age and experience. We ranged from schoolboy scholars to ex-soldiers, some 'still with desert sand in their chukka boots' as that precocious boy, Kenneth Tynan of Magdalen, had just written in Vogue. The Pemmy JCR President in Michaelmas 1948 was a mustachioed ex-major. Some of us were even married. This was the JCR which (with maturity and foresight) founded the famously successful Pembroke Art Fund: the first of its kind in Oxford (or Cambridge). The older men not only provided authority in the JCR but considerable weight in the first XV. We had two ex-Ghurkha officers, and a Captain veteran of Anzio who was both a history scholar and a rugger Blue. Also kitted out in demob suits beneath their gowns were a large but younger group of 'hostilities-only' sailors, soldiers and airmen, glad to be alive but even happier to be alive at Pembroke. They had served in the days before National Service - right at the end of the war. They could not believe their luck. From among them sprang many with theatrical, musical and literary talents (this was the age of the Angry Young Man). The Beaumont Society, the Johnson Society and the Sir Thomas Browne Society flourished in these years. There were swimming Blues and boxing Blues, a cross-country Blue, rowing trial caps and other assorted oarsmen, runners, soccer

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players, hockey players and more weight for the Pemmy rugger pack. When the Senior Tutor, Mr Drake, reputedly remarked that the students worked too hard', they knew he was not referring to them. No doubt the leavening of very young 18-year olds, who came up from school before doing National Service, was an important part of the Pembroke mix of that time. They provided a balance to our attitudes and a light approach to life. Their JCR conversation was uncontaminated by memories of sergeant-majors, messdeck brawls or hairy flying training. They offered something valuable that the rest of us might not have known we were missing as we rambled on about our `experiences'. The College was a family - small, sympathetic and supportive. Everyone knew everyone. Even as we queued for a lunch of whale meat and two veg. at one of Oxford's three British Restaurants, we knew how lucky we were. The niggles were pretty small. One West Country yeoman's son always walked through St Aldate's graveyard envying aloud 'those who had not had to live under a Labour Government'. In the care of Mrs Naomi van Loo, Deputy College Librarian and Archivist, there is a series of heavily bound books of Battells of Master, Fellows, Scholars and Resident Members with entries in L. s. d., in clear, error-free manuscript. One immediate post-war Pemmy man got permission to copy out his own details for 1949/50. He writes: `Living in College in my second year (Trinity Term 1949 on staircase 3 Old Quad), I paid £2. 19s. 8d.; £2. 4s. 8d.; and £4.7s. 10d. for Buttery, Kitchen and Groceries respectively, but nothing for room rent, lls. for Electric Light and L44. Os. Od. for Attendance. For the whole of that year I appear not to have taken Baths (in the underground washroom ruled by "Bathroom" Reggie, and now the McGowin Library). I did, however, change my clothes (Laundress kl. 17s. 3d.). Leslie East, a good Scout on my staircase, was the College Boatman and also taught the art of "coarse rowing" to the rugger VIII. He obviously had another role as I paid the College 7s. ld. for him as my Janitor.

Next year, spent in digs, my landlady seemingly forced me to leave the army of the unwashed (Baths 15s. 6d.), but I economised on clothes (Laundress £nil). The College made no charge for Coals and Faggots, for the Poor Rate nor for L. H. Delegacy (was this the University agency for Lodging Houses?). Mr George Bredin, the new Bursar, charged me all of 11 pence for Pantry Teas, as a separate heading, whereas Mr Lionel Salt, his predecessor, had written Pantry Teas, including College Repairs (L1. 14s. 7d); thus concealing damage to College property from student overexuberance (reported by my Janitor?). I was not charged for Attendance in my Final Schools year, the SCR no doubt thinking my presence at the Examination Hall as doubtful as my results. In those day of primitive book-keeping, prior to decimalisation and computer, creative accounting was already being practised in Pembroke as an art form. Beware any attempt later by economists to establish a time series. The Government grant at £90 a term was felt adequate to cover both Tuition (L15) and living expenses (more easily done in digs than in College). Nevertheless the Communist Party organised one student protest meeting in the Town Hall to a limited audience. Most of us stretched the grant by various paid jobs during vacations, in one case by archaeological digging in the former Oxford Canal coal wharf, where Nuffield College now stands. Some of us served beer at the Mitre, others even sold ice-cream at Farnborough Air Show. We made ends meet in these and other ways, when necessary. We did not need to get into debt (at least not seriously). We went down with high hopes, with a degree and normally with a job offer. Then, none of us knew how lucky we were. Unlucky Joes Now the College is so much bigger (450 JCR - 160 MCR). And so much poorer - among the three poorest in the University. It has to struggle to know individual students (almost depersonalised into 'the student body') an unthinkable shortcoming 50 years ago.

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Fees, collected by the College but paid to the University, are now L1,025 per annum (payable by means-tested parents), whilst board and lodging in the main block now costs, according to staircase, between £760 and £960 per term, the latter for en suite rooms (yes, indeed). The Revd. John Platt recalls that the Oxford landladies disappeared in the '60s. They no longer let a room with breakfast and Sunday lunch by the term to a student; they now let the whole house to a group of sharers for the full year. Selfcatering accommodation in the Geoffrey Arthur Building costs £2,712 and in the Sir Roger Bannister Graduate Centre in Brewer Street, for post graduate students, between £1,043 and £1,100 per annum. This is a desperate story, a very long way from the carefree days of the late 1940s and early '50s. `Recent Government action and the College's financial position taken together mean that a typical undergraduate might end up with debts of L20,000 at the end of his/her course', writes Dr Rook, the Academic Bursar. One post-graduate has arrived from another university with £9,000 in debts and will leave after two years with an additional £4,000 liability before going to join the 'highly paid' ranks of the teaching profession. After the Lucky Jims, Pembroke successors go down into a world where TV 'Gladiators' earn more than graduates, one has to ask: `How many more years before they can consider making donations, let alone substantial ones, to help Pemmy survive?' Michael Andrews Brian Wilson

GEORGE BREDIN TRAVEL FUND This is the report of the fifth beneficiary of the George Bredin Travel Fund, Will Middleton, a History student who spent the summer vacation of 1998 in Nepal. During the 1998 summer vacation, I was lucky enough to spend three months in Nepal, of which I taught for just over six weeks in a school on the outskirts of Kathmandu, one of three non-profit making institutions based around the educational

philosophy of their founder Chintamani Yogi. The central policy is to educate the children morally and spiritually as much as academically, and the British volunteers are essential to maintain an international perspective and understanding for the students. The scheme by which I went to work at HVP is a student-run organisation called Oxbridge Volunteers in Nepal. It was set up several years ago by a GAP volunteer who came on to Oxford, and decided to continue her link with HVP by sending Oxford students to teach there during their summer vacations. The contact is maintained purely through each successive group of volunteers, and this year we have sent ten students to various schools throughout Nepal. My initial impression of Nepal was not an entirely representative one. On the day of our arrival there was a national strike against VAT, closing down everything including transport. Therefore we emerged from the airport into a melee of protesters, bundled onto a bus guarded by several armed policemen, and with no idea where we were going, driven through the streets of Kathmandu with various objects being thrown our way; I was quite bemused to find a bullet hole through the window behind where I sat, and even a couple of punctured tyres did not make the driver stop. Nevertheless, as I was to discover, this was wholly unreflective of Nepal, whose people are among the most genuine, friendly and generous that I have ever encountered. HVP Central School in Lalitpur has about two hundred children, of whom thirty are boarders. I taught six classes of English a day to children aged from eight to fifteen, but also got involved in various activities, including day trips into the mountains, and an intellectual day against a rival school. Despite all the expected cultural shocks of a different country, with its novel customs, diet of rice and lentils twice a day and manic transport, I think the greatest shock was adapting from the role of student to teacher. I shall never forget the chorus of 'Morneeng Sir' as I walked into each class, the well-rehearsed excuses for not having done homework, my personal porter Daisy who would carry my books back after every Class 6 lesson, and the piles of marking keeping me up into the early hours. The marking however was more than countered by the genuine

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warmth with which all the children received me, always inquisitive, always smiling, and most refreshingly, always keen to learn. The school survives on the bare minimum, but the teachers are unswervingly dedicated to the children and their vision, and this is reflected in their relationships with the children. It seemed just like one large family. The experience was undoubtedly eye opening and a stark contrast to the many children in England who seem to take their education for granted. Nepal is a wonderfully diverse country, ranging from the peaks of the Himalayas to the plains on the border with India. Therefore, either side of the teaching, I had the opportunity to travel around, trekking up to the pilgrimage site of Muktinath in the Annapurnas between two of the world's ten highest mountains, rafting the Kali Gandaki, and enjoying the drenching of a jungle safari during the monsoon. This latter experience, however, was hardly comparable to the well-arranged game safaris of Africa, as we tracked rhinos on foot, resulting in one nearly wiping out half of the group as it rampaged across our path. As we just stood there laughing hysterically, the guide showed a clean pair of heels and was up the nearest tree in a flash. So much for customer service in Nepal! These experiences were all remarkable and truly memorable, but it will be the children and teachers that I remember most affectionately. Although I was supposed to be there to help them, I found that it was I who received more in terms of friendships and a renewed perspective on the importance of education. Will Middleton

McGOWIN LIBRARY NOTES In January, the Master brought the exciting news that Greeley McGowin had most generously offered to fund the computerisation of the library catalogue, which would then make possible an on-line circulation system. This will be of the greatest benefit to the students and considerably time-saving as they will be able to search for a book via the computer and see immediately which Oxford libraries have a copy in stock, instead of looking in the card catalogue for Pembroke stock and the computer for other libraries. Also, when the retrospective cataloguing of lending stock is completed, the students will be able to borrow books on-line, instead of the tedious writing out of issue slips, to inspect their borrower records everywhere and to reserve books in any lending library on the system. I visited several Oxford college libraries during Hilary and Trinity terms which were either already computerised or in the process of computerising, using the OLIS or Heritage systems, and I also went to King's College, Cambridge to get an outsider's Point of view. After discussion with the Fellow Librarian and a further round of visits, we decided on OLIS, signed the university agreement and I began to attend a series of training sessions to build up the 'permissions' needed for the varying levels of cataloguing. Meanwhile the Computing Officer sorted the cabling problems, advised on the hardware and set up a programme of installation for the summer vacation, so that we can begin in October after the start of the academic year. It soon became obvious that adding new stock to the system would be fairly straightforward but the manpower required for retrospective cataloguing (c.40,000 items) would be quite considerable. Therefore, towards the end of Trinity Term, I started to ask undergraduates if they would be interested in helping with the project, when they returned in the autumn, and selected a team of 5 students, who would add Pembroke records to catalogue entries already on OLIS, leaving the more complicated entries for me to pursue. I anticipate that it will take about 2 years to complete the retrospective cataloguing of

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lending stock, so I am setting the target of October 2000 to begin on-line issuing of books at Pembroke.

FELLOWS' PUBLICATIONS

I should like to thank particularly the librarians at Balliol, Christ Church, St. Peter's and University Colleges, who have been extremely helpful during this exercise; the College Computing Officer, Colleen Tschan, who relieved me totally of the hardware problems and my assistant, Mrs. Pauline Marshall, who admirably 'held the fort' whenever I was visiting or training.

MARTIN BRIDSON

As always, we have been fortunate in receiving a number of book donations and listed below are the names of the donors. An asterisk signifies that the book (or books) was written by a College Member. Annual Reviews Inc.; Sir R. Bannister*; Prof. J. Basker; T.L. Beddoes Society; H. Bering Jensen*; J. Berkowitz; S. Bessette; Dr. D. Boucher*; Dr. S. Bradbury; S.J. Cohen; R.G. Collingwood Society; Dr. C.B. Dobson*; J.M. Eekelaar*; N. Fukuda; Dr. A.M. Gregory*; C.A. Hadfield; G. Hart*; Prof. J.B. Hattendorf*;Prof. A.D. Hazlewood; R. Jannoo; C. Johnston; Dr. M. Klein; M.P. Korsak; F. Lamport; J. Makra; C. Mellish; G. O'Connor; J. O'Regan; Dr. L.J. Pike*; R.N. Pittman*; Dr. M. Rubin; I. Singh D'Mello; C.W.M. Swithinbank*; M.P. Tombs*; R.A.F. Tranter; N. van Loo; M.C. Whitwell; T.B. Wilson*; Dr. R. Young*. Also, we should like to thank the following individuals for their gifts which have enabled us to buy supporting texts, updates and multiple copies in the subjects of their choice - biology, theology, law: Prof. J.R. Krebs; Dr. C.B. Dobson; Dr. N.J. Griffin and Mrs. E. Robinson. Naomi van Loo, Deputy Librarian/Archivist

"Formal language theory and the geometry of 3-manifolds", (with Prof. R. Gilman, SIT), Commentarii Math. Helvetica, vol. 71, pp. 525-555. "Subgroups of automatic groups and their isoperimetric functions", with Profs. G. Baumslag (New York), C. Miller (Melbourne), and H. Short (Marseilles),Journal London Maths Soc., vol. 56, pp.292-304. "Non-positive curvature in group theory", London Math. Society Lecture Notes, vol. 270.

JANET EFSTATHIOU "Applying and Assessing Two Methods For Measuring Complexity In Manufacturing",Journal of Operations Research Society, Vol. 49, 1998, with A. Calinescu, J. Schirn and J. Bermejo. "The Too Flexible Factory", Manufacturing Engineer, April, pp7073, vol 77 No2 with Ani Calinescu and John Schirn. "Feasible meets optimal - The limits of information processing capacity in manufacturing scheduling", presented at INFORMS conference, Montreal, April, 1998 with Ani Calinescu and John Schirn. "Applying and Assessing Techniques for Measuring Complexity in Manufacturing", presented at European Conference on Intelligent Management Systems in Operations, Salford University, 25-26 March 1997, Ani Calinescu, Julia Bermejo, Janet Efstathiou and John Schirn. "Modelling and simulation of a real complex process-based manufacturing system", Anisoara Calinescu, Janet Efstathiou, Julia Bermejo, John Schirn, presented at 32nd Matador Conference, Manchester, UK, 10-11 July 1997. "Dealing with uncertainty in manufacturing: The impact on scheduling", Julia Bermejo, Anisoara Calinescu, Janet Efstathiou

Pembroke College Record

and John Schirn, presented at 32nd Matador Conference, Manchester, UK, 10-11 July 1997. "Assessing decision-making and process complexity in a manufacturer through simulation", Anisoara Calinescu, Janet Efstathiou, Julia Bermejo, John Schim, presented at 6th IFAC Symposium On Automated Systems Based On Human Skill to be held in Kranjska Gora, Slovenia on 17-19 September 1997. "Measuring Complexity to Identify Problems: Case Study in the Metals Industry", Mike Dodd, Janet Efstathiou, John Schirn, Ani Calinescu and Julia Bermejo, presented at 13th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Glasgow, September 1997.

MARTHA KLEIN `Free Will' in A. Montefiore & V. Muresan (ed.) British Moral Philosophy, published in Romania as libertatea vointea' in Filosofia Morala Britanica', 1998, pp. 273-296 `Praise and Blame' in Craig, E. (ed.) Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, Volume VII, pp. 644-647

of inter Landau Level Transitions in resonant tunnelling between transverse X states in GaAs/A/As double barrier structures under hydrostatic pressure", Physical Review B.57, 1746-1748 (1988) J.M. Smith, P.C. Klipstein, R. Grey and G. Hill, "Magnetotunnelling spectroscopy with the field perpendicular to the tunnelling direction of the transverse X electrons in GaAs/A/As Double Barrier Structures under hydrostatic pressure", Physical Review B.58, 4708-4712 (1998) T. Gilmour, P.C. Klipstein, W.R. Tribe and G.W. Smith, "Identification of zone boundary and interface phonon recombinations in photoluminescence from type II GaAs/A/As short period superlattices", Superlattices and Microstructures 23, 10271032 (1998) I.E. Itskevich, S.G. Lyapin, I.A. Trojan, P.C. Klipstein, L. Eaves, P.C. Main and M. Henini, "Energy levels in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots above the pressure-induced Gamma-X crossover", Physical Review B.58, 4250R-4253R (1998) G. Rau, P.C. Klipstein, and N.F. Johnson, "Doublet structures in quantum-well absorption spectra due to Fano interference", Physical Review B.58, 7210-7215 (1998)

PHILIP KLIPSTEIN P.C. Klipstein, "Tunnelling under Pressure: High Pressure Studies of Vertical Transport in Semiconductor Heterostructures", chapter 2 of High Pressure Semiconductor Physics II, Series: "Semiconductors and Semimetals", 55, 45-116, eds. T. Suski and W. Paul (Academic Press, 1998) G.R. Booker, M. Daly, P.C. Klipstein, M. Lakrimi, T.F. Keuch, Li, S.G. Lyapin, N.J. Mason, I.J. Murgatroyd, J.C. Portal, R.J. Nicholas, D.M. Symons, P. Vicente and P.J. Walker, "Growth of InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattices by MOVPE III. Use of UV absorption to monitor alkyl stability in the reactor", Journal of Crystal Growth 170, 777-782 (1997) J.M. Smith, P.C. Klipstein, R. Grey and G. Hill, "Resonant Tunnelling between Transverse X States in GaAs/A/As double barrier structures under elevated hydrostatic pressure", Physical Review B 57, 1740-1746 (1998) J.M. Smith, P.C. Klipstein, R. Grey and G. Hill, "The observation

JOHN KNOWLAND "In vitro photochemical damage in DNA, RNA and their bases by an inorganic sunscreen agent on exposure to UVA and UVB radiation". Hisao Hidaka, Satoshi Horikoshi, Nich Serpone and John Knowland, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry (1997) 111, 205-213 "Sturdy Planters: An Irish Education", Oxford Magazine, No. 155, Fourth Week, Hilary Term 1998

KEN MAYHEW "Getting the Measure of Training", Centre for Industrial Policy and Performance, University of Leeds, 1997 (with A. Felstead & F. Green) "The Education and Training Mismatch", Business Strategy Review, Summer 1997

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"The Meaning of Training", CBI Human Resources Brief, September 1997 (with A. Felstead & F. Green in association with the CBI) "Welfare to Work: Some Questions Ministers Must Answer", Parliamentary Brief January 1998 (with E. Keep) "UK Vocational Education and Training" in S. Fox (ed.), The European Business Environment: UK, International Thomson Business Press, 1998 (with E. Keep) "Vocational Education and Training and Economic Performance", in A. Buxton, P. Chapman & P. Temple (eds.), Britain's Economic Performance, 2nd ed., Routledge 1998 (with E. Keep) "Was Ratner Right?", Employment Policy Institute Economic Report, April 1998 (with E. Keep) "The Long-Term Unemployed - What More Can be Done?", in J. McCormick & C. Oppenheim (eds.), Welfare in Working Order, IPPR, 1998 (with P. Ingram & G. Holtham) "New Deal May Not be Just the Job", The Observer, 22 February 1998 (with P. Ingram & G. Holtham)

MIRI RUBIN 'A decade of study of medieval women, 1987-1997', History workshop journal 46 (1998), pp.214-40. 'The languages of late-medieval feminism', in Perspectives on feminist political thought in European history: from the Middle Ages to the present, eds. T. Akkerman and S. Stuurman, London, 1997, pp.34-49. 'Charity', 'Prostitution', entries in Medieval England: an encyclopaedia, New York, 1998.

HELEN SMALL Love's Madness: Medicine, the Novel, and Female Insanity, 1800-1865 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), pp. xiii + 260. James Raven, Helen Small and Naomi Tadmor (eds.), The Practice and Representation of Reading in England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. xvii + 314. Menie Muriel Dowie, Gallia (London: Dent, 1995)

"Was Ratner Right?", T Magazine, July 1998 (with E. Keep)

Introduction to a reprint edition of Walter Besant, All Sorts and Conditions of Men (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977)

LYNDA MUGGLESTONE

Charles Dickens, Little Dorritt (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996). Co-edited with Stephen Wall.

'Cobbett's Grammar, William, James Paul, and the Politics of Prescriptivism' in Review of English Studies n.s.,Vol.48 (1997), pp.471-488.

George Eliot, 'The Lifted Veil' and 'Brother Jacob' (Oxford: World's Classics, 1999)

John Walker and Alexander Ellis: Antedating RP'. In Notes and Queries (1997) pp.103-107. "To Boldly Go' and All That: The Problems of 'Correctness". In The English Review (vol.8: 'Other Englishes) November 1997, pp.5-7.

"A pulse of 124": Charles Dickens and a Pathology of NineteenthCentury Reading Public', in Raven, Small and Tadmore (eds.), The Practice and Representation of Read* in England, pp. 263-90 (see above)

The Language of Gender and Class by P. Ingham (Routledge, 1996). In Review of English Studies n.s.Vo1.49 (1998), pp.238-9.

'Mad Women and the Spectacle of Political Rebellion: British Fiction of the 1810s' in Rainer Showerling, Hartmut Steinecke and Gunter Tiggesbaumker (eds.), Literatur and Eahrungswandel, 17901830: Beitrage des 2. Internationalen Corvey-Symposions 8.-12.Juni 1993 in Paderborn (Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1996), pp. 211-299.

An Informal Introduction to English Etymology by W. B. Lockwood (Minerva, 1995). In Review of English Studies n.s. Vol.49 (1998), pp.196-7.

'Madness as a Theme in Women's Writing' in Lizbeth Goodman et al, Gender and Writing (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1994), pp. 114-20

The New Fowler's Modern English Usage, R. Burchfield. In Notes and Queries n.s. Vol.44 (1997), pp.437-443

Pembroke College Record

'Mrs Humphrey Ward and the First Casualty of War' in Suzanne Raitt and Trudi Tate (eds.), Women's Writing of the First World War (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), pp.18-46

"The Defence of Armenian Orthodoxy in Sebeos", AETOS, Studies in Honour of Cyril Mango, ed. I. Sevcenko and I. Hutter, Teubner [Stuttgart and Leipzig], 1997, pp.329-341

Entries on 'Edward Bulwer-Lytton' and 'Madness' in Marie Mulvey Roberts (ed.), Macmillan Handbook of Gothic Fiction, (London: Macmillan, 1998)

"Sebeos and the Bible", St. Nersess Theological Review 2 [1997 (pub. 1998)], pp.65-76

RICHARD YOUNG ROBERT STEVENS `Barbarians at the Gates of Oxford: A View from the City Wall', George Washington University, Monograph Series, Issues in Higher Education, (1998) pp. "Judges, Politics, Politicians and the Confusing Role of the Judiciary", The Human Face of Law, Essays in Honour of Donald Harris, ed. Keith Hawkins, (1997) pp.245-289

ROBERT W. THOMSON Indices to the Armenian Version of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Greek-Armenian and Armenian-Greek. [Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature 5], Rodopi [AmsterdamAtlanta], 1997

From Byzantium to Iran: Armenian Studies in Honour of Nina G. Garsoih, edited by R.W. Thomson with J.-P. Mahe. Columbia University, 1997 [28 articles, 540 pp.] "Armenian Literary Culture through the Eleventh Century", History of the Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, ed. R.G. Hovannisian, New York,1997, vol. I, pp.199-239 "Uses of the Psalms in Some Early Armenian Authors", From Byzantium to Iran: Armenian Studies in Honour of Nina G. Garsorn, eds. J.-P. Mahe and R.W. Thomson, New York, 1997, pp.389410. "Academic Publications to Mark the 1700th Anniversary of Christian Armenia",Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 7 [1994, pub. 1997], pp.115-122. "Constantine and Trdat in Armenian Tradition", Acta Orientalia 50 [1997], pp.277-289

Child Support in Action, Oxford: Hart, 1998, pp.1-233 plus appendix, index and bibliography (with G. Davis and N. Wikeley)

"A Bureaucrat's Dream and a Citizen's Nightmare?" (1998), 148 New Law Journal, pp. 692 and 722 (with G. Davis and N. Wikeley) "Child Support and the Residual Role of Lawyers" (1998), 28 Family Law, pp.304-306 (with G. Davis and N. Wikeley) `Integrating a Multi-Victim Perspective into Police Cautioning: Some Data From the Thames Valley', paper delivered at the conference, "Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice: An International Conference", held by the University of Leeds at York in July 1998.

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PEMBROKE PAST THE HALL AND OTHER NINETEENTH CENTURY PEMBROKE BUILDING WORK The entry in Margaret Jeune's diary for Sunday, 15 October 1848 reads: "My husband dined in the Hall which was used for the first time and is completed with all its offices in a most satisfactory manner. When prepared for dinner, I went to see the effect, and greatly admired the whole thing. So, too, did my Uncle who was with us, and he seemed almost as much surprised as pleased at so much being done. [Readers of the 1995-6 Record may recall that Margaret's uncle, Benjamin Symons, was Warden of Wadham for forty years (1831-71) where he was always known as Big Ben and that, at the time of his niece's writing, had just completed his four years as Vice-Chancellor (1844-8). It is also worth noting that no comparable enlargement of any college had taken place in Oxford for at least half a century]. `Well, I certainly never expected to live to see a new Hall built in Oxford' was his ejaculation in a tone which appeared almost to signify - 'the object of my life is accomplished! My work is done!' It was quite pathetic. With regard to the feast be it noted that Mr Atwood sent venison (which he had had from Croome, Lord Coventry's place) and the College cook, who looked quite like a Chef de Cuisine, presented Turtle." Pembrokians will scarcely need reminding of the formidably zealous energy displayed by the diarist's husband, Francis, in any enterprise to which he set his hand, nor that the completion of the Hall was but the final stage of a major building operation which effectively doubled the size of the College within the first five years of his Mastership. On 14 November 1844, less than six months after the Visitor's confirmation ofJeune's election, the Governing Body finally approved the plans of an entire new range of buildings along the north side of what was to become the Chapel quadrangle. Readers will here excuse an aside on the matter of this nomenclature. Although, as Macleane's 1897 History of Pembroke College (p. 433) points out in referring to it as the "New Quadrangle", "Quadrangle it cannot in strictness be called since the Chapel is the only building on the south side", for many

generations it was usually known as New Quad. That this was not always the case is witnessed by the caption to one of the splendid photographs contained in the album of an Edwardian undergraduate, Henry Hugh Longuet-Higgins (m. 1904), where, in contrast to the then gravelled nature of Old Quad, it is designated "the Grass Quad". The very first issue of the Record 1932-33 refers to the paving and laying down of grass in the "front quadrangle" and a marquee in the "inner quadrangle" but, unless memory plays the present writer false, we were calling it Chapel Quad in the later 1950s and this was duly formalised when the opening of a yet newer quadrangle in 1962 obliged the College to address this issue of nomenclature. Thus the Record for 1962-3 (p.10) announced that the Governing Body had: "ruled that the three quadrangles shall be known as The Old Quadrangle, the Chapel Quadrangle (the former new quad) and the newest quadrangle is to be known as the North Quadrangle." The College archives contain a copy of the 1845 contract for the new buildings drawn up between the Master, Fellows and Scholars and "David Evans and Joshua Robinson Symm of the City of Oxford Builders". For the senior of this partnership, Evans, this was to be his last major work: he died in November 1846 at the age of seventy-seven. A life-long Methodist, Evans' first three buildings were Wesleyan chapels, but it was not long before he was involved in work at Oxford colleges beginning in 1820 at Magdalen Hall. Evans' first connection with Pembroke was in 1829 when he was charged with the remodelling of much of the original quad; a task which included the redesign of the gateway tower. In all of this Evans was his own architect, as he was for the final phase of this work in 1838 when the east range was refaced. By the time of his last commission Evans had taken J R Symm, his son-in-law, into partnership. They contracted for the costs as follows: "for the Undergraduates' Buildings the sum of ÂŁ3,006 - 8s - Od and for the Fellows' Buildings the sum of ÂŁ2,280 - 6s - Od." Sadly, the archives no longer contain any further material on the nineteenth century Chapel Quad building. In the last issue of the Record reference was made to a list made by John Betjeman of Hayward's "Drawings of Designs for Fellows and

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Undergraduate Buildings". From this we can see that there were 26 pages together with what Betjeman describes as a "specification of 30 pp. in J. Hayward's hand signed and not dated". This summary was made in November 1946 but the documents described are no longer to be found. The only contemporary drawings are now in Australia, part of a collection which includes the work of Nathaniel Billings (1821-1910), a pupil of Gilbert Scott who migrated from England in 1853. Among his drawings are details for chimney pieces to the bursary and common room at Pembroke, one of which, depicting the College's coat of arms, is dated 1846. The entire work was completed in little more than eighteen months and on 30 January 1847, Margaret Jeune recorded: "The new Common Room was opened yesterday, and my husband dined at the High Table to celebrate this event. [This, it is to be recalled, was still in the old Hall]. The Fellows have been displaying their taste in the furnishing of the public as well as their own private rooms, but I am not to see them till next week." According to Macleane, "The massive [in his 1900 History this became "handsome"' carved furniture in the Common Room was given by the tutorial staff." As we noted, Evans, who died shortly before the completion of this commission, had been his own architect for his earlier Pembroke work under Jeune's predecessor as Master, G W Hall. For this later project, however, a new man, John Hayward of Exeter, had been chosen and the appointment was renewed for the task of building the new Hall. It maybe that Evans' recent death broke the connection between Pembroke and the local firm, which continued to operate under Symm. At any rate, Macleane (p.434) tells us, "The Hall was contracted for in March 1847 by Mr Matthew Awdrey of London for about ÂŁ5,000." However, as we shall see when we come to discuss the issue of funding, the costs eventually proved to be considerably higher. We can now turn to a question which has exercised Pembroke minds in the past: how did Hayward come to be chosen? Although he did execute commissions around the kingdom, Hayward's principal practise was in his native West Country where he was chief amongst the architects who designed the public buildings of the Devon towns. No other

Oxford institution ever employed him and the county as a whole only supplied him with one commission; he designed the village church of St James, Little Milton in 1844, to which he added a tower in 1861. One speculation, which had evidently existed in the College's oral tradition at least since the late nineteenth century, was set down in the Record for 1936-7. "Mr Drake has kindly placed on record a tradition about the choice of the architect which he received from the late Mr George Wood". Readers are reminded that, at this point in time, Drake had already been a Fellow for thirty years. George Wood, Salt's predecessor as Bursar, had died in 1924, having been a Fellow for fifty years. Drake's story runs as follows: "According to tradition the architect owed his selection to fortune rather than to any capacity that he had hitherto shown for undertaking such a task. In its crudest form the story runs that Jeune one morning announced at his breakfast-table that the College had decided to build a new Hall, and that the next thing to do was to find an architect. `Oh!' said Miss Hayward, his children's governess, 'my brother is an architect' Good!' said Jeune, 'that saves trouble' and to her brother the work was assigned although presumably, not without more enquiry into his capabilities the story suggests." Drake concludes by offering Wood as his only authority for this story and refusing to guarantee its accuracy. The then Editor of the Record duly admitted that this tradition was not easy to sustain. As he reported: "Miss Margaret Gifford, Dr. Jeune's granddaughter has very kindly looked up the matter in her grandmother's diary.... There is no mention of any Miss Hayward as governess, although Miss Gifford cannot positively deny her existence." Sad though it is to bring this charming flight of fancy down to earth, there is a much more plausible explanation for Jeune's choice of Hayward as his architect: one which had its origins at a time before any of his children were even born let alone in the care of a governess. In 1834, at the age of 28, Jeune moved to Birmingham on becoming Chief Master of King Edward's School there. During

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most of his four years' tenure of that office, a fine new Classical School in the Gothic style was being built, designed by Charles Barry, who was later to achieve fame as the architect of the Houses of Parliament. Interestingly enough, the man who came second to Barry in the competition for the former design was his nephew and pupil, John Hayward, who, moreover, then assisted his uncle in carrying out the Birmingham project. Incidentally, it may be that this connection between uncle and nephew lies at the root of the confusion which, from Macleane's 1897 History onwards, has led to John Hayward often being incorrectly called Charles. In 1838 Jeune returned to his native island as Dean of Jersey and Rector of St Helier. The story of the daughter church he founded in that parish is well worth recounting both for the light it sheds upon his astuteness and for the involvement of John Hayward at a critical state in the proceedings. The following account is taken from the Jersey periodical, The Pilot, Volume II, November 1947. "St Mark's church owes is existence to the energy of Dean Jeune.... Thousands of new residents were settling in his parish, many of whom were Englishmen to whom the French Services in the Town Church were unintelligible. A second church for English Services was indispensable. The Dean was an exceptionally able businessman. Gladstone once said that he wished he could have him as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He got his plans cut and dried before consulting anyone. He found a Mr Philips who was willing to sell the corner plot on which the church now stands. He got J T Parkinson, the architect who had designed All Saints, to draw a picture of the proposed church.... He solved the financial problem by making the new church a proprietary chapel.... On May 16, 1842, he called a Meeting in his Rectory, and laid his plans before it. He explained that he meant to retain control of the religious teaching, and to work the new church, if it was built, through an Assistant Curate; but the building would belong to the shareholders, and they would control its finances. He offered to take up 16 shares (i.e. L800) himself, and to make the pews that came to him from six of those shares, free. The Dean's plans were accepted. Twenty-two other shares were disposed of at the meeting, and the remainder in the next few

weeks. On 1 August, the foundation stone was laid by the Lieutenant-Governor. Then difficulties began. First the plans and specifications, which were pinned up in a lawyer's office for inspection, were stolen by a builder to prevent any rivals from tendering. Then the committee was unfortunate in its choice of contractor and supervisor. The walls were so badly built, that in October, when half way up, they collapsed in ruins. The committee sacked their builder and supervisor, who promptly threatened legal proceedings for breach of contract; and in April, 1843, building was restarted with a new firm and a new architect, a Mr Hayward. By September the spire was complete with its weathercock on the top. The first Services were held on 13 October, the Dean being preacher both morning and evening. The building land cost nearly double the original estimate and the shares had to be raised to L85. The altar was presented by the Dean, and among the gifts a special subscription raised enough to buy six bells." It is evident that Hayward had impressed Jeune and was not himself responsible for the rise in costs. The historian of King Edward's, Birmingham, writing of his uncle Charles' work there comments: "Barry was often less than precise about expenditure and his estimates of costs caused the governors many a headache as they were so often underestimates." (Anthony Trott, No Place For Fop or Idler, (1992), p. 55). In marked contrast, Macleane observes in a footnote "Mr Hayward, Dr Jeune observed, was the only architect in his experience whose estimates were not exceeded by the expenditure." (1897, History, p.434 n.1). Wood via Drake is also the source of the other strand of the oral tradition relating to Hayward and the College Hall. Again this is set out in the piece in the Record for 1936-7 from which we have already drawn. The account there runs: "We are glad to be able to publish with this issue of the Record, by kind permission of the Editor and Proprietors of The Times Newspaper, London, a photograph of the Banqueting Hall of Eltham Palace which, according to tradition, was the model and original adopted by our architect, Hayward, when he designed the new Hall for Pembroke." The Editor then admits, "There does not appear to be any direct evidence for assuming that the architect

Pembroke College Record

deliberately modelled our Hall on the Palace at Eltham. Canon Macleane in his History of the College makes no mention of any such imitation." In point of fact, in his shorter 1900 History, Macleane writes, "It has been suggested that Mr Hayward had the hall of Burleigh House (c. 1580) in memory." (p. 229). The 1936-7 Record then continues: "The former Editor of the Record, Canon Burrowes, consulted Professor Goodhart-Rendel [NB at the time of the Record's publication, H S Goodhart-Rendel (1887-1959), who had been Slade Professor of Fine Arts from 1933 to 1936, had just become Director of the Architectural Association School of Architecture and was also serving as President of the Royal Institute of British Architects] on the subject and we are indebted to Mr Goodhart-Rendel for the following observations on our Hall: `I think it would be very rash, from what I remember, to say that Hayward `consciously based' his design upon that at Eltham. The Eltham roof was very well known in his time, and is of a form not uncommon. The only singularity in the Hall there, is the coupling of the short windows in each bay - and this, if I remember rightly, does not occur at Pembroke. I imagine that Hayward, as was the custom at his time, looked through drawings and engravings of admired precedents before setting to work on his new design and that much from Eltham was filtered through his brain. But I doubt if we can say more than that.'" Pembrokians more familiar than the present writer with King Edward IV's grand hall at Eltham Palace or, indeed, of that at Burleigh House may make their own judgements. In 1937 R B McCallum's conclusion was, "This account from an acknowledged authority on architecture fails to confirm the tradition of direct imitation of Eltham, but does not necessarily contradict it. It may still be held as a pious opinion if we so desire." If then there can be no certainty as to the model for our Hall, it is a rather different matter when we turn in the other direction to the next such building for which Hayward was responsible, and where once again Jeune's influence evidently played its part.

Following a brief visit by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to Jersey in 1846, a small group of energetic men there determined that this should be commemorated by the foundation of a secondary school on the island. Francis Jeune was a former school friend of one of this party and from the first he was a powerful influence in the project. Jeune and his friend had been at school together in France since there was no provision for secondary education in Jersey. Part of Jeune's case rested on his assertion that French schools did not provide the requisite "moral or religious training." In making a further point, well calculated to stir his Jersey audience, Jeune called upon his own experience at Oxford. "There is a marked superiority in those young men who come from the sister island Guernsey, which I can only attribute to the teaching received in Elizabeth College." The scheme went forward with rapidity and the site chosen and plans agreed for the building. The architect originally chosen, J. C Buckler, had come second to Charles Barry in the competition for the design for the new Houses of Parliament. However, in the Jersey project, Buckler displayed a similar propensity to that we have noted in Barry and, as the builders' cost estimates greatly exceeded his own, in February 1849 the responsible committee dispensed with his services. In this same year, Buckler was to begin work in Oxford on the new schoolroom for Magdalen College School, which is now the College Library. Interestingly enough the most recent work on Oxford architecture draws attention to the similarity in character between this building and Hayward's Pembroke Hall. (G.Tyack, Oxford: An Architectural Guide, 1998, p.209). Much of the documentation relating to these events is to be found in the hand-written volumes, Actes et Correspondance relatifs au College, held in the States' Archives in St Helier. One letter copied there is from a James Walker to the Jersey Greffier, Charles de Ste. Croix, dated 16 April 1849. Walker had evidently been checking the credentials of the man in line to succeed Buckler as architect for Victoria College. "Having been told that it was Mr Hayward, I inspected the Hospital Chapel he had built in St Helier and on my return to England, I learned that he had been a pupil to his relative, Mr Barry, whom I then saw and who gave him a high character for taste and judgement.

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Mr Hayward is now County Architect for Devonshire.... His most important work is the Hall of Pembroke College, Oxford and many rooms belonging to the College.... The last competition design he made was for the Birmingham Public School when he was second out of a great number (Mr Barry's being the first), but Mr Hayward informed me that he had afterwards a very active part in the preparation of the working drawings." Although no mention is made here ofJeune, there can hardly be any doubt as to from whom the suggestion of Hayward as architect came. By August of the same year the committee had accepted his design and, as the College's historian reports, "he had the advantage of previous experience ofJersey conditions and materials. No major set backs affected the progress of the building between the finalising of Hayward's plans and the opening of the College.... which took place in September 1852." (D. J. Cottrill, Victoria College, Jersey 18521972, p.8). The many Old Victorians who have come up to Pembroke since then will have experienced a certain sense of deja vu as they dined here in the Hall which antedates their own by just five years. In both buildings portraits of Jeune gaze down from the walls; that in Victoria College, which depicts Jeune in his time as Dean of Jersey, is huge in size. Although, as we have seen, the College Hall was ready for use within an impressively short period, some time elapsed before all the final details were in place. Thus it was not until 23 March, 1850, that Margaret Jeune was able to record: "This morning the whole of the East window in the Hall is put in, with painted glass. It is gorgeously beautiful, executed by the Chances. The design which is very tastefully arranged, by Mr Hayward, consists of coats of arms of Visitors and Benefactors from King James 1 to my beloved Husband. Its cost is extraordinarily small, but the Chances, under Mr James C's auspices, desire to make their luxury more accessible, and can afford to make this advertisement. My husband may justly be proud of his efforts, when he looks at this beautiful room." Readers of the Spring, 1998 issue of The Pembrokian will

recall the remarks then made about this very window: "During 1997, it became clear that the lead in the windows had begun to disintegrate and many small pieces of glass were missing. The whole section of glass was removed by Goddard and Gibbs for restoration work which included a thorough cleaning, and repainting work where deemed necessary When the time came to replace the windows, it soon became clear they did not fit. The original workmen had forced the glass into the openings and additional work was necessary to ensure that new windows were securely inserted." One wonders whether the "extraordinary small" cost remarked on by Margaret Jeune may have been purchased at the price of the defective workmanship revealed by this recent restoration. The front cover of this issue of the Record depicts the window in its new splendour. The remaining original windows on the West side of the Hall, entirely devoted to displaying the names and coats of arms of mid-nineteenth century members of the College, are less impressive. The window immediately west of the High Table is devoted to the Master and Fellows of the day and, judging from the details of the latter, must have been put in at much the same time as the grander work which faces it. Jeune thus features on both sides. In his article in the last Record on John Betjeman and Pembroke, the present writer had occasion to quote the following extract from a report on the Hall by Betjeman, John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens, following a visit they made on 12 November 1957. "The glass. It seemed to us all that it would be the greatest pity to disturb the existing arrangement - at present it is saving the life of the atmosphere of the Hall." This recommendation cannot be said to have been entirely heeded by the Governing Body since the original glass in the two east windows immediately adjacent to the oriel, which featured the names and coats of arms of distinguished past members of Broadgates Hall and Pembroke, was removed and replaced by modern glass versions of the same. This was undertaken at the expense of the then Nuffield Professor of

Pembroke College Record

Anaesthetics, Sir Robert MacIntosh; one window as a memorial to his first wife and the other to Frederick Homes Dudden, Master from 1918 to 1955. The Victorian glass then removed was evidently stored away and then forgotten, only to be rediscovered recently in the SCR wine cellar by the Butler, Antonio Aguilar. When uncovered from its wrappings in copies of The Times for 1960, an unprejudiced eye could only conclude that, pace the artistic triumvirate, the new coats of arms and attendant lettering, were marked improvements on the nineteenth century originals. In his 1897 History (p.435), Macleane, otherwise an admirer of the Hall, does not spare the windows: "The armorial glass in the windows is fortunately fading into gradual disappearance. A strange contempt for Church Latin is shown in more than one incredible barbarism carelessly inscribed on the glass". His footnote elaborates: "Such as Deaconus', for Deacon, and for Dean; 'Episc. Amarch,' for the Primate of All Ireland, &c. Horresco referens. These things can only be told in a footnote, where they may be unobserved." The remaining two windows on the east side of the Hall seem to have been left clear. Since 1955, however, they have been dedicated as the memorial to those Pembroke men who fell in the Second World War. As the then Bursar, George Bredin, reported in the 1955-6 Record: "The upper lights contain the flags of the fighting services and the coats of arms of King James, the Earl of Pembroke, and our co-founders. Below, flanked by the royal emblems of George VI, are reproductions of the badges of the regiments in which served the Pembroke men who lost their lives. The modern glass glows with fresh colour in contrast to the somewhat dingy Victorian windows alongside." This last sentence may well reflect the sentiments which led the Governing Body to replace them in the manner just described. The measure of enthusiasm which Jeune's immense building programme engendered can be gauged by yet another entry in his wife's diary where, on 2 November 1848, she reports:

"My husband and his 3 guests are dining in Hall, where a party of nearly 40 are, I fancy, assembled to celebrate the completion of the new building. I went in before dinner to see how well it all looked prepared for the evening festivities The party seems to have been extremely pleasant, and drew out the expression of much kindly feeling, thereby fulfilling the object of such reunions. Many speeches were made having of course peculiar reference to the occasion - the first meeting in the new Hall Mr Berkeley mooted the question of a new Chapel, which being responded to my husband thought it necessary to answer, which gave rise to more speeches on the subject, some offering a yearly contribution for 20 years, others a certain sum which Francis summed up by expressing his readiness, if the scheme came to anything, to forward it by contributing one tenth of the amount required - but they concluded by observing that so much had just been done, that that was neither the time nor place to discuss the necessity for doing more." Macleane reports that when, ten years' later, the advowson of St Aldate's was sold to the Simeon Trustees for L1,040 -6s - 3d. Consols, "it was proposed to set aside this sum as the nucleus of a fund for building a Gothic Chapel" (1900, History, p.241). In his earlier work Macleane comments: "Fortunately another use was found for the money." In his 1900 History he further comments: "Certainly the money was not spent on the new Hall, so that the saying that Jeune sold a church to build a dining room is not true". How then, did such a poorly endowed College succeed in finding the money for this unprecedently large building programme? As regards the first stage, whose costs totalled, L5,286-14s, Macleane (p.433) reports: "The funds available were `the residue of the money left by Dr. Radcliffe [sic] for repairing the College', ÂŁ1,366 14s. borrowed from Dr. Smyth's Trust, L400 offered by the Master, Dr. Jeune, on condition that the Fellows of the Ossulston Fellowship should be entitled to rooms rent-free like the other Fellows â&#x20AC;&#x201D; this was agreed to `for ever'; the rest was raised by subscription."

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Dr. John Ratcliffe, Master from 1738 until his death in 1775, made a number of generous legacies to the College, one of which left £1,000 specifically for the improvement of the buildings. How much of this sum remained in 1845, after all the activities undertaken in the previous Mastership is not clear.

whose estimates were not exceeded by the subsequent expenditure. A clue may perhaps be found in Margaret Jeune's diary entry for 4 March 1847, "My husband received the last of the tenders for the new Hall, and the amount of more than one is satisfactory, i.e. below the architect's estimate."

In the case of the former Master's legacy, Macleane (p.304) is more forthcoming:

Macleane (p.434) gives the following account of how the College met this expense,

"Dr. John Smyth, who succeeded Dr. Sergrove as Master, April 28, 1796, by will dated Oct. 16, 1809, after certain legacies, left the reversion, after the death of three persons, of the residue of his personal estate to his successor or successors in trust to purchase one or more advowsons for the benefit of such Fellow or Fellows to whose foundation there should not be any benefice appropriated. Brinkworth, Wilts (where Penn had property), was acquired in 1831 from Lord Holland for £5,600. In 1871 there remained in hand £3,683 14s. 6d. Government stock."

"Towards this outlay it was determined to use £3,000 belonging to the Phipps legacy as well as all other moneys in the funds over which the College had control, £3,000, however, being retained in the funds to accumulate at compound interest as a sinking fund for the replacement of the moneys sold out and of the caution money in the hands of the College, which also were used."

From this account it would appear that the phrase which Macleane italicised indicates that, after 1831 no further livings were acquired and that, first, Smyth's successor, Hall, and then Jeune, chose to take a minimalist view of the legator's intention. Although here, as on other occasions, Jeune might be guilty of acting somewhat unscrupulously, he could never be accused of any lack of readiness to back his schemes with his own money. We may recall that he had himself held one of the two Ossulston Fellowships from 1830 to 1837 and that one of the grounds against his election as Master in December 1843 had been that an Ossulston Fellow was not eligible. Clearly Jeune had a score to settle here. We may also note that Ossulston's is one of the five coats of arms to adorn the mantlepiece in the Senior Common Room - the others being those of King James, of the College and of the Co-Founders, Tesdale and Wightwick. The figures given in the Victoria History of the Counties of England (Vol. III, 1954, p.290) amplify Macleane's statement as to the costs of the Hall. The latter's "about £5,000" was, in fact, £4,677, "but extra expenses were sanctioned and the final sum paid was over £6,500". We may wonder how this can be reconciled with the statement recorded earlier as to Jeune's praise of Hayward as one

It is evident enough from this account that, notwithstanding the sum retained for the sinking fund, the College was scraping the barrel. The legacy from the Reverend John Phipps, a former Tesdale Scholar, which had come to the College in 1778 had, in Macleane's words (p.302), comprised, "besides other properties, the manor or lordship of Temple Cowley and Littlemore, Oxon, together with £3,000 in Government securities, for a fund out of which to purchase four advowsons of the yearly value of £150 each, for the benefit of the Tesdale Fellows; after which the profits were to be appropriated towards the increase of the stipends of the Tesdale Fellows by £10 to a chaplain to read prayers, in addition to his usual salary; anything remaining over was to be put into the College chest for the purchase of books or 'whatever may be an ornament or benefit to the College'." The four advowsons — three of which are still in the College's possession — were promptly purchased and it may reasonably be supposed that to draw so large a sum as £3,000 from the residue would tax its resources severely. As if all this were not enough, Macleane's account continues (p.434), "Simultaneously with this expenditure £1,000 was advanced

Pembroke College Record

to the Master, then about to enter on the duties of ViceChancellor, for the enlargement and improvement of the Master's House, to be repaid by the Master for the time being in thirty annual instalments of £54 5s. 9d. each, the interest being calculated at 31/2 per centum. By April, 1858, however, it appeared that £1,473 3s 11d had been expended, of which the College advanced another £300, £173 3s. 11d. being reckoned for new fixtures and tenants' repairs. The 'increase and restoration' of the Lodgings had been principally the addition of another storey. The plans were drawn by Messrs. Fuljames and Waller." How Jeune must have wished that he had retained the services of the economical Hayward as his architect! At this point it is well worth drawing upon the memoirs of Bishop John Mitchinson which are preserved in a manuscript in the College archives. Mitchinson, Master from 1899 until his death two days after his 85th birthday in 1918, wrote these, in a beautiful copper-plate hand, in the penultimate year of his life. He had first come to Pembroke as a Francis Wightwick Scholar in 1851 and, having achieved First Class Honours in Classical Mods, Greats and Natural Sciences, was elected to a Francis Wightwick Fellowship which he continued to hold throughout the remainder ofJeune's Mastership and well beyond. Mitchinson greatly admired the latter and writes of him, "The Master really was the College. His personality was the lodestone that attracted to Pembroke and filled the College, the accommodation of which under his auspices and pressure had rapidly been doubled." However, on this issue of the funding of this building programme, Mitchinson pulls no punches: "Like many strong characters Jeune was not deterred by scruples as to methods of compassing his ends. Having resolved on his great building scheme he had to find the means of carrying it into effect. He seems to have found no difficulty in persuading his Fellows to use for this purpose the borrowed capital of some of the College Trust Funds, and thus to saddle it with a serious load of debt, which I can state on personal knowledge was not paid off between thirty and forty years afterwards."

We learn from a letter written by a former Fellow, R.G. Livingstone, in the month before Mitchinson's election as Master in February 1899, that between 1865 and 1881, the latter had donated the £200 annual stipend from his Fellowship towards the payment of the "heavy debts incurred by the College in building the Hall and Chapel Quad". Mitchinson had gone out of residence on taking up his first teaching post at Merchant Taylor's School in 1858 and only resigned his Fellowship on becoming Rector of the College living of Sibstone after his retirement from the see of Barbados and the Windward Islands. It has sometimes been suggested that the new building was undertaken to provide for the increase in undergraduates attracted to Pembroke by Jeune in the manner referred to by Mitchinson. Thus Macleane's 1897 History (p.433) asserts that "the growth of the society under Dr. Jeune made extension necessary". However, this is surely to put the cart before the horse since, as was noted at the outset, the decision to erect the new buildings was taken before any such effect could have been established and was, as Macleane himself mentions in his 1900 History, (p.228), "a plan previously mooted". His earlier volume (p.433, n.1) indicates that this was a proposal made in 1843 "to build new chambers for the reception of the new Fellows and Scholars on Mr. Francis Wightwick's foundation, his bequest being allowed to accumulate for the purpose". This legacy from a collateral descendant of our co-Founder had taken over sixty years to come into the College's possession. A succinct description is given in the introduction to Pembroke's entry in The Oxford University Calendar for 1846, on the first appearance of two Francis Wightwick Scholars, "Francis Wightwick, Esq. of Wombridge in Berkshire, by his will dated in the year 1775, gave to the College a contingent interest in certain Estates, with a view to the foundation of four Fellowships and three Scholarships. The Estates fell into the hands of the College in 1843. In the election of such Fellows and Scholars, a preference is to be given to persons of the name or kindred of Richard Wightwick, B.D." As is readily apparent, even if the numbers on this

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Foundation were fulfilled, they would only add seven new members to the College. In fact, this total was never reached. Although the three Scholars were duly elected in 1845, no Fellows appeared on the new Foundation until 1851 and even then only half the prescribed total. It was 1856 before the number rose to three and the fourth Fellow never emerged. Bearing in mind what has already been observed about Jeune's use of College Trust Funds, there must be a strong suspicion that the Francis Wightwick legacy was similarly exploited. To return to the issue of the numbers attracted to Pembroke by Jenne, it is an interesting exercise to examine the actual figures. Clearly a comparison between the five years, 18401844, when only 59 men matriculated out of a University total of 1997, and 1845-9, when there were 120 out of precisely the same figure, i.e. 6% of that of the University as a whole, seems to prove the case beyond doubt. However, if we look a little further back to the hey day of George Hall's Mastership, we find that the difference is much less pronounced. Thus, in the decade 1820-9, there were 183 matriculands, 4.5% of the University total, an annual average of 18, in contrast to the yearly figure of 24 for the most successful of Jeune's periods. Numbers, although of great importance, were by no means the whole story. One fact is obvious: the size of the new Hall was far in excess of the seating requirements of the College, even allowing for the expansion in numbers which could have been envisaged and which did, to the degree we have noted, take place. In 1847 there was a total of 76 undergraduates which, although a marked increase on 1844 when there were only 43, and, even allowing for the possibility that some of the 25 B.A.s also listed might be in residence, still leaves a great deal of empty space when the College dined. The picture of the interior of the Hall reproduced here, of which more anon, shows the arrangement of the tables for the Junior Members. We may observe that the artist's desire to give as full a view as possible has led him to employ the license of removing the High Table from the scene. Something more can be learned from another extract from Mitchinson's memoirs, "The scene of my story is the College Hall; time, noon on a

Sunday in full Term. At that hour and place the Master gave a Divinity lecture every Sunday of Term to the whole body of undergraduates ... the men ranged themselves at the tables on either side of the Hall. The man called on to translate stood (or lounged) at the end of the sideboard table in the middle. The Master sat in one of the great High Table armchairs facing down the Hall". In another section of his memoirs, Mitchinson describes the regime then in force for dining; a meal which, he informs us, followed 4.30 p.m. Chapel at 5 o'clock. "The tables in Hall were manned on the cooption principle, and we ordered dinner and carved for ourselves, - a delightful, but not very economical system. We seldom, if ever had Grace before dinner, the High Table being habitually late in coming in. After dinner it was said by one of the two Bible Clerks [an office which was to be converted into that of Exhibitioner in 1865] after the presiding Fellow had twice smitten the wooden trencher with its twin." Macleane (p.485) adds further details about this custom, "The present Vicegerent, my friend Mr. Alfred Thomas Barton, tells me:- 'It was always the custom when Grace was said regularly after meat to rap one trencher on another twice. This lasted for almost six or seven years before I came here in 1865. They were two of the old wooden trenchers always used in Hall until the new Hall was built, and remembered by Prof. Chandler as used in his undergraduate days for the bread and cheese after dinner." Mitchinson's account continues, "I never yet heard the Grace; there came in it words that sounded like CSenatum Populumque Romanum'. This can hardly have been: my ears must have deceived me." The Grace after meat traces its origin back to the days of Broadgates and was composed by the famous antiquary, William Camden, during his student days here. It seems very surprising therefore that Mitchinson should not have drawn the obvious conclusion that the strange phrase he had heard was a distortion of, "totam regiam familiars populumque".

Pembroke College Record

This Grace is still occasionally used at High Table but since by then the Hall is empty of junior members it is only ever heard by a few. The familiar Grace Before Meat was first introduced in 1887. It is impossible not to return to Mitchinson's account of the Master's Divinity Lecture since it gives such a vivid picture of Jenne in all his glory. The scriptural passage under consideration was that from the fourth chapter of the Book of Revelation in which John is taken to Heaven and witnesses that vision which is the inspiration of the familiar hymn, "Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty". Mitchinson continues, "The Master began, 'Gentlemen, before we proceed further I ask you to try to realise the grand coup d'oeil as the portal of heaven is fling open. There" (with a sweep of his arm round the tables) "are the four and twenty elders sitting: yonder" (pointing to the reader) "are the four beasts. Here" (pointing to the floor in front of him) "is the sea of glass and here" (pointing to himself) "is He that sitteth upon the throne". Such an insight into the man may reasonably encourage speculation as to the principal motive which led Jeune to preside over the creation of the new buildings which, when completed, provided one of Oxford's poorest colleges with a Hall second then in size only to that of its lordly neighbour, Christ Church. One conclusion is ambition; the desire to achieve upon as grand a scale as possible. There is, however, another factor which has hitherto gone entirely unmentioned and apparently unrecognised. Moreover, the reason for this failure may, not unfairly, be laid at the door of Pembroke's historian, Macleane, from whose pages this article has so frequently quoted. Preserved in the College archives are some of the responses he received to the publication of his major work in 1897. Among these is a series of lengthy letters, beginning in December 1899 and spanning the last turn of a century, from the grandson of that predecessor of Jeune's to whom we have more than once referred, G.W. Hall. The first is essentially a rebuke for the cursory treatment given to this man whose long Mastership extended for a full third of the nineteenth century from November 1809 to his death in December, 1843.

Macleane could hardly avoid this charge since in the single page devoted to Hall (p.438), he virtually dismisses him in the following terms, "some that remember him describe Dr. Hall as a little mild man with a kindly face, not a striking scholar or character, but, it seems, keenly interested in books and antiquities. One who was at the College in George IV's days tells me he never preached, lectured or dined." When considering this evidence, Macleane does not appear to have made any allowance for the fact that owing to the lapse of more than half a century, these witnesses could only have been those who were junior members in Hall's Mastership; even so senior a figure as Bartholomew Price, Master at the time Macleane wrote, had not become a Fellow until 1844. The younger Hall goes on to give many further details of his grandfather from which it does indeed appear that he spent much time and energy in Gloucester where, in common with every other Master of Pembroke from 1714 to 1937, he was ex o icio Canon of the Cathedral with a house in the Close there and where he is buried. In response, when he published his shorter history in 1900, Macleane did do something to improve matters by adding a few positive pieces of information gleaned from what he had received from this new source. However, the real evidence for Hall's achievements had already been presented in Macleane's earlier work; he had simply failed to give the credit where it was due. Moreover, it relates to an area of activity about which Hall's grandson is also silent. As we seek to repair this omission, we will suggest that it was Hall's example that sowed the seed in the youthful Jeune of that desire to build grandly which was later to bear such abundant fruit. In 1824, a calendar year which spanned Jeune's second and third undergraduate years, the illustration heading the Oxford Almanac featured Pembroke for only the second time in the history of a publication which had been appearing annually for some 150 years. There would seem to have been at least three reasons for this appearance. One, in recognition of the last of Hall's four years as Vice-Chancellor; the first time that a Master of Pembroke had held the office. Two, in commemoration of

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the Bicentenary of the College's foundation. Three, in celebration of the first significant building activity to be undertaken since the completion of the Chapel in 1732. It had doubtless been the latter which had occasioned Pembroke's first appearance on the Almanac for 1744. The 1824 Almanac shows the newly enlarged and beautified west end of the old Hall which, in humbler form had served the College from its foundation as it had earlier Broadgates. The work had been undertaken in 1821 and, according to Macleane (p.430), who lists some of those who contributed to the cost, "The total expense to the end of 1824 was k1,839 8s 3d ... the College itself contributed L450." Thus when Jeune arrived as a freshman in October 1822 he was greeted by this impressive example of new construction which, in one respect at least, was superior to the building which was later to take over its function. We have noted the strictures passed upon the glass in the new Hall; no such criticism can be levelled against that then installed in the old. Although nothing is said in any of the published architectural guides, an article in Oxford in Spring 1939, entitled, "Painted Glass in Oxford", claims that the only examples in Oxford of the man most responsible for reviving the manufacture of "translucent coloured glass" are to be found in "the armorial Glass of Pembroke library" [Younger Pembrokians may need to be reminded that, following the opening of Jeune's Hall in 1848, the old Hall became the College library and continued so until, after the building of the McGowin Library in 1974, it was transferred into its present use as the Senior Common Room Parlour and officially named Broadgates Hall.] It would be nice if Pembroke could boast the work of Francis Eginton (1737-1805). However, since he had died well before the alterations of 1821, we must be content with that of his son, William Raphael Eginton, who succeeded him in the business and in 1816 achieved the appointment of glass-stainer to Princess Charlotte. In a letter to the Master dated February, 1821, one of the subscribers to this first of Hall's projects, Sir John Sewell, a distinguished lawyer and Pembrokian who had matriculated in

1784, includes the following rather tart comment, "Mr. Eginton called upon me sometime since with news of the Arms and Grant having been altered and a motto added, for which extra labour of repairing his own mistakes he received an Extra Fee of Two Guineas so that I hope they are now executed as they should be." The renovated Hall was immediately to be the setting for a very grand occasion; the special Gaudy held on 29 June 1824 in celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of Pembroke's foundation. Macleane (p.430) quotes the following account given in the Oxford Herald of 3 July 1824, "On Wednesday last, the day of the public Commemoration of Benefactors to the University, the Master and Fellows of Pembroke College celebrated the commencement of the third century from the endowment of the College by a sumptuous entertainment in the hall, to which such of the present and former Members of the College were invited as, from their local situation, could be expected to attend. At half-past five the company sat down to dinner, all the tables being filled. After the toast, "To the pious Memory of the first Founders of Pembroke College", an appropriate Latin Oration was delivered by Mr. Edmund Goodenough Bayly, the Senior Founder's-kin Scholar of the Tesdale Foundation". The evening was spent in the greatest hilarity, amid the pleasing recollection of past intimacies, and with lively and reiterated demonstrations of that reciprocal esteem and attachment which, in a well regulated society, will ever exist between the governors and the governed." All this would be more than enough to impress anyone, let alone a newly arrived boy, a miller's son of relatively modest means, from a tiny island whose native language was not even English. Mitchinson commented, "Bourgeois, or rather yeoman in origin, like all really great men, he was proud rather than ashamed of it and would talk freely of how as a lad he carted the corn and flour sacks to and from the mill". However, this is written ofJeune in his maturity and we may judge the situation to have been somewhat different when, as a youngster, he first encountered Oxford life, matriculating as a "plebeian" â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a

Pembroke College Record

category which, it has been observed, was then confined to only 2% of matriculands.

offer, desirable as it is that they should also be removed; but they consider that this object is in progress."

Although no new buildings as such were added, during Hall's Mastership, the process of transforming those that already existed continued on an even larger scale. 1830, the year of Jeune's election to the Ossulston Fellowship, also saw the completion of the first stage of the remodelling of the exterior of the original quadrangle which, as we saw earlier, was the work of Daniel Evans.

Again, although, as was customary, this is all in Hall's own handwriting, it never seems to occur to Macleane to assign any responsibility to the Master for such an initiative. We may note that Jeune was one of the six Fellows present at this meeting.

Macleane, who did not approve of these changes, was wrong in suggesting that "the Pembroke frontage was the earliest specimen on any scale of revived medieval building in Oxford" (p.431). The repairing of Lincoln's frontage dates from 1824 and that of All Souls from 1826-28. However, the 1821 extension of the Hall with its Perpendicular oriel might well claim to be the first manifestation in a College of the Gothic style which was to prove so popular throughout Oxford. In this matter Town had been ahead of Gown since even Pembroke's early work was antedated by that in two nearby churches of St. Ebbe's and St. Martin's, Carfax. The Victoria County History, which shares Macleane's disapproval reports, "The cost of this misguided enterprise was L3,897-19s" (p.292). As a young Fellow, Jeune was then privy to an even grander scheme which explains why the east side of the quadrangle was not affected by the 1829-30 exercise. Macleane (p.438) quotes in full the following minutes of the College meeting held on 16 February, 1832, "Should the consent of the Crown be obtained for the removal of the Alms Houses and the rebuilding of them elsewhere (not at the expence of Pembroke College), the Master and Fellows would engage to furnish a plot of ground in the parish of Cowley for that purpose. The Almshouses being removed, the College proposes to take down and rebuild, on their own ground, the Eastern end of their College in a style corresponding with the work on the North side lately completed. The area in front (having no wish to build thereon, and desirous that no one else might be permitted to build), they would enclose with a wall and iron railing, and plant the interior with shrubs. On the subject of the houses between the Alms Houses and Pennyfarthing Street [now Pembroke Street] they have nothing to

This minute was a reference to a letter from the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church who were evidently very sympathetic to the scheme. However, the plans were frustrated by opposition from an unexpected quarter. Macleane (p.437) gives the following account, "In Mr. G.V. Cox's Recollections (1868), the writer says that `forty or fifty years ago' Christ Church resolved to pull the Almshouse down, and gave the few remaining occupants notice to quit. But one, a fine old Scotsman named Carrick, refused to go, reminding the Chapter that he held his place by the same tenure and from the same source as themselves. The Chapter gave way, and the Wolsey Hospital was preserved. Mr. Cox observes that Pembroke College, until it was new fronted, was not very distinguishable from it." The co-operation between the two colleges on either side of St. Aldate's continued despite this setback. In 1834, Christ Church restored the Almshouses and, what was particularly important to its neighbour, put the building back to the south so as no longer to project in front of what is now Pembroke Square. Pembroke, in its turn, carried through the latter part of the plan indicated in the minute of 1832. This involved buying and then demolishing the four houses which had been built by the chantry priests in the graveyard on the east side of St. Aldate's Church (Wood's City of Oxford, Oxf. Hist. Soc. 1889 p.194). It is hard for the present day Pembrokian to realise that the familiar approach to the College through Pembroke Square was only possible from this date. Prior to this no carriage could be driven to the Lodge from St. Aldate's and would have had to approach via Beef Lane. Our perception is not helped by the early prints of the College which, both by employing the artistic licence of removing the Church from the scene to allow a view of the north front and by stopping short of the Almshouses, give the

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impression that the College's situation then was much as it is now. The little-known print reproduced here shows just how different matters were and what a cramped position existed until what was achieved under Hall. The Oxford Almanac for 1838 presents the view, not only of Pembroke's recently refaced north front, but also of the renovated Almshouses whose relocation together with the demolition of the adjacent houses allows a clear view of Christ Church for the first time. The oft-reproduced print of 1836, "A View of Pembroke College", executed by Mackenzie and Le Keux from the reverse position, is so familiar to us, and is so close to the present state of affairs, that we forget how profound a change it represents in the appearance of the College, to say nothing of accessibility. Once the opening of the approach to the College was finished, Evans completed the refacing of the east side of the quadrangle at a cost of ÂŁ570 16s 3d. The measure of Hall's achievement in the former of these tasks may be judged by its cost which amounted to ÂŁ2,500; only ÂŁ1,000 less than that of the entire sum spent on the whole remodelling of the quadrangle. Macleane, who gives no details as to the costs of the refacing exercise, does do so for the widening one. He also tells us that the money for this was raised by subscription, adding the names of the principal subscribers. However, here, as elsewhere, he does so without according the slightest recognition to the Master responsible for this transformation. The total spent on the various building and improvement schemes in the period between 1821 and 1838 amounts to some L7,800 which, although cast into the shade by the much larger sums expended by Jeune, is no small figure. Moreover, as can be seen from Macleane's account, the great bulk of the money spent under the earlier regime was raised by subscription and thus did not saddle the College with the burden of debt which was subsequently to be its lot. Again, Macleane seems quite blind to Hall's achievement in this respect as in all others. It may well be that the explanation for this failure lies in Macleane's ignorance of Hall in comparison with the immense

impression left by Jeune's memory which would have influenced the future historian from his own first entry to the College in the decade following the great man's departure and was still potent amongst so many Pembrokians living at the time he wrote his history. Furthermore, Jeune's buildings were not merely impressive, they were entirely new additions to the College and so overshadowed the work achieved under Hall. Had the latter's project for a handsome new east frontage looking across St. Aldate's to Christ Church been realised, matters might have been rather different. Again, there is the profound difference in character between the two men. Jeune was the dominant driving force, whom Mitchinson describes quite simply as a "marvellous personality". In contrast, Hall, albeit far more than "the little mild man" of Macleane's misinformation, was evidently someone who did not court attention and was not apparently moved by personal ambition, in the manner of his successor. All this is to take nothing away from Jeune's achievements but simply to put these into context and to give credit to one who has not received the recognition which is manifestly his due. Yet another reason for Hall's eclipse by Jeune lies in the judgment of subsequent generations upon their respective architectural legacies. It is true that Hayward's north range of buildings in the Chapel Quad has not always found favour. Macleane (1900, p.229) regards them as "certainly rather unimaginative and featureless". Tyack (1998, p.210) judges the whole to be "large and dull". A notable exception here is Sir Hugh Casson who refers to "an impressive range of Victorian rooms" (Hugh Casson's Oxford: A College Notebook, 1988, p.65). By comparison, the earlier work receives an even less favourable press. We have already noted the adverse judgments of Macleane in the 1897 History and of the Victoria County History. To these may be added the dismissive phrases of Pevsener (1974, pp.181-2) in which, with regard to the north frontage, David Evans is described as a "builder rather than architect" and his gate-tower as a "pretension ... in its unhappy corner". Tyack (pp.194-5) is an exception. Having first

Pembroke College Record

commented accurately "that the work involved the removal of deeply unfashionable late 17th-century classical decoration of the gate tower", he goes on to praise Evans' introduction of "a pretty Gothic oriel window over the entrance lodge". In contrast, Hayward's Hall receives almost universal acclaim. Macleane (1897, p.434) hails it as "a really excellent example of revived medievalism". Mitchinson, looking back over 65 years, writes, "The college Hall, while I was an undergraduate and a young Don was almost spick and span in its newness. But I felt it then, as I feel it now, every time I enter it, to be one of the happiest creations of the Victorian Gothic revival, and little short of a miracle as the output of 1846. All honour to its architect, Hayward of Exeter." Tyack's praise also contains some interesting points of information, "The Hall ... is built of rubble stone from Bladon near Woodstock ... Externally the various elements of the buildings are composed into a picturesque and convincingly medievallooking composition, and inside there is a hammer-beam roof, the first to be constructed in Oxford since that in the Hall at Oriel College two centuries before." (p.210) For Casson it is "a strong and graceful building both inside and out and reached up a handsome flight of stairs". He also refers to the Chapel Quad as a whole as "Pembroke's show piece". Pevsener's well known and rather similar assessment describes the latter as "the great asset of Pembroke, spacious and attractive all round in the variety of its ranges", and acknowledges the Hall as "really the most ambitious of all halls except Wolsey's". Finally, the Record for 1936-7, from which we have already drawn relates, "Of the Pembroke buildings Professor Goodhart-Rendel says, 'I have always thought them excellent and infinitely superior to the later work of Gilbert Scott at Exeter and elsewhere'." Some more details relating to the picture of the new Hall, to which we have already referred, may serve as a tail-piece to this account. The work of Joseph Nash the Elder (1809-78), it was

purchased for the College with the assistance of a benefaction from J.R.R.Tolkien, a former Professorial, later Honorary, Fellow, in April 1977. Nash, who had a particular penchant for drawing architecture, had produced a design for decorating the walls of the Royal Gallery at Charles Barry's new House of Lords which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1842. We may reasonably suppose that it was this connection which led to Nash's portrayal of the Hall designed by Barry's nephew and former pupil, John Hayward. The picture is not dated but since, after 1854, when he suffered an attack of brain fever, Nash's talents declined it may be concluded that it was executed before that date. Experts in Victorian ladies' fashions will doubtless be able to give a more precise dating. On his first visit to Broadgates Hall one of the our current undergraduates, James Wiseman-Clark, saw the picture and immediately volunteered, "That was painted by my maternal great-great-great-grandfather!" The present writer, who witnessed this moment of recognition, is most grateful to James and his family for providing the information about their distinguished forebear. John Platt

VIVA VOCAL It was 1930 and the dreaded day for the Viva. Seated on a bench in the Schools and perspiring gently behind their subfusc and white tie, the candidates mentally rehearsed answers to questions which they would probably never be asked. The silence was almost tangible. From time to time a name was called and a figure slowly rose and entered the door of the room opposite. At varying intervals the same figure emerged and hurried away, thankfully casting the dust of the examination behind him. Suddenly the sacred hush was broken by screams of eldritch laughter. It broke the silence like a plate glass window in a ramraid. A woman undergraduate emerged from the door and, the three examiners, visibly shaken, also emerged. "Gentlemen"

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they said, "We will now break for lunch. Be so good as to return at two o'clock". Lunch? It was not yet twelve o'clock and two hours of tension lay ahead. What to do? At the end of the Broad, almost opposite the Sheldonian, was a house inhabited by a notable Oxford figure. Tall and whitehaired he strode about town wrapped in a voluminous cloak and sporting a monocle attached to a magenta ribbon. His name was Dr. Counsel but to all his acquaintances he was known as Doggins'. Doggins' had the hospitable habit of keeping open house every morning. Here one was welcome to drop in, help oneself to the ample supply of coffee and chat with anyone else who happened to be there. He also took in paying guests in the form of a number of glamorous blonde girls from Scandinavia. Needless to say this added a welcome element to the coffee and conversation. To this house, therefore I repaired. The doctor welcomed me, fed me and, remarking that I needed something to fortify me, handed me a stiff (in fact a very stiff) drink Two o'clock approached and Doggins suddenly announced that Vivas were supposed to be public and why didn't we witness one. It would be educational. One of the girls took a red rose from a bowl in the room and stuck it in the buttonhole of my subfusc suit. This strange procession made its way to the Schools where my name was almost immediately called. If the examiners were surprised by the entry of the imposing becloaked apparition, the two glamorous girls and the rosebearing undergrad, they gave no sign of it but concentrated on the wavering body before them; uncertain whether to sit or stand but patently in need of support. The central figure riffled through some papers (my papers I realised). Selecting one of them, he said: "In your essay on Dr. Johnson, I see that you say `There are occasions when one feels inclined to dig the good doctor in the ribs'. (Why, oh, why had I chosen to be flippant on so serious occasion?). "What, do you suppose would have been his reaction?" "I would hope that it would have been caustic wit rather than violence" I burbled. "When a bookseller was impertinent"

came the reply, "he knocked him down with a folio. He would have done the same to you and serve you jolly well right. Thank you, you may go." I got a Third. E.G. Fowler 1935 JUBILEE Sir George Sinclair (1930) recently came across this notice which, as President of the JCR, he had pinned on the board in May 1935. The Co-Editor remarked that, nearly sixty-five years on, Sir George's handwriting had scarcely altered. The Jubilee To mark the occasion of the Jubilee of His Majesty King George V, the Master and Fellows of the College will be pleased to provide with beer (up to the limit of 11/2 pints) each gentleman dining in Hall this evening. The Master will give the toast of 'The King' which will be honoured in port provided by the College. After this toast gentlemen are asked to leave the hall as soon as possible in order that the college servants may leave in good time. G.E. Sinclair 6 May 1935

Pembroke College Record

LEAVES FROM PAST RECORDS

Cathedral in the background.

The Record for 1937-38 began by announcing momentous news:

The other, Simon, Viscount Harcourt, at that date still a Baron, but newly appointed Lord Chancellor, was the man who secured this gift for his former college. "Former" is strictly correct, since, on receiving an honorary D.C.L. in 1702, Harcourt had been re-admitted as a member of Christ Church. True Pembrokians might be tempted to think that a troubled conscience at this desertion was a factor which later prompted him to perform this service for his original alma mater where his arrival as a Gentleman-Commoner in 1677 was commemorated by the gift of an impressive silver tankard which still Simon, Viscount Harcourt makes frequent appearances as a decorative piece on High Table just a few feet away from its donor's portrait. In actual fact, much of the motivation behind Harcourt's action lay in his attempts at furthering the Tory cause in Oxford by the promise of a number of such prebends for certain college headships. In the event only Pembroke and Oriel were beneficiaries; the latter gaining a canonry at Rochester Cathedral.

"The past academic year has been distinguished by two important events in the history of the College, a munificent benefaction from our Honorary Fellow, Lord Nuffield, and the disannexation of the Gloucester Canonry." In fact, although nothing was then said to indicate this, it was the first of these events which made possible the second. The last issue of the Record quoted much of the ensuing paragraph of the 1938 account of Nuffield's gift of £50,000, but not its last sentence which mentioned that the benefaction "is governed by a deed of trust allocating the revenue to certain purposes". One of these was to establish a stipend for the Master of £600 a year thus relieving him of the necessity of serving as a Canon of Gloucester Cathedral; the office which, for 224 years, had provided the principal income for Pembroke's Head of House. A brief account of this link with Gloucester is called for here. The College owes this connection to two distinguished people whose portraits, arranged fittingly enough side by side, gaze down the Hall from their central place behind the High Table. The one, Queen Anne, to whose royal grandfather and great grandfather Pembroke is also indebted, by a statute dated 8 June, 1714, bestowed the canonry upon,

Just how pressing a need this was for Pembroke may be judged from the fact that, at its foundation, ninety years before this particular example of Queen Anne's bounty, the statutes bringing it into being made no mention of any stipend for the Master or indeed for anyone else.

"Colwell Brickenden, doctor of divinity, the Master of Pembroke College in the University of Oxford and his successors, masters of the same college, by the name stile and title of master of Pembroke College." As may be seen from the illustration of the royal benefactors' window in the Chapel which accompanies this article, the Queen is there depicted with Gloucester

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The reason for this surprising omission is that the College then possessed nothing. The Tesdale and Wightwick funds were not for Pembroke itself but for certain individuals. The former did together provide the Master with £30 a year - the ten foundation Fellows each had £20. In addition the Master continued to enjoy the emoluments of the Principal of Broadgates, i.e. the rents of rooms let to students not on the foundation and a share of their admission and degree fees, but the whole did not amount to anything more than a modest remuneration for a Head of House.

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Oxford Almanac for 1858, drawn and engraved by JH Keux.

Pembroke College Record

"West Entrance into Christ Church College taken form Pembroke Lane",JC Nattes, 1805

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This very rare sketch by J Fisher, 1834, shows work in progress on the re-siting of the north end of the Almshouses and depicts one of the houses soon to be demolished.

Pembroke College Record

The interior of the new hall by Joseph Nash.

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For more than half of the College's first century this deficiency was remedied by the fact that two of the Masters held other posts. Thus the first, Thomas Clayton, was already Regius Professor of Medicine when he exchanged the Headship of Broadgates Hall for that of Pembroke College and he continued to occupy this position with the stipend of k40 a year which had recently been supplemented in 1617 by the annexation to the Chair of the Mastership of the Hospital of Ewelme. Again, John Hall, the longest serving Master in Pembroke's history, had to survive on only its salary until 1676 when he was elected Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity; a post he relinquished only on his consecration as Bishop of Bristol in 1691.

Evans of whom one of his successors, John Mitchinson, had the following to say of his discharge of his duties at Gloucester,

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"He went there as a Canon with no clerical experience and with but a slender stock of sermons. These he is said to have preached during his three month's Residence, till it became something between a joke and a scandal." However, Evans was the exception, not the norm. Returning to 1937, it is not unfair to add another powerful reason for the cutting of this link to those officially advanced in the Record. The following reminiscences of one who was an undergraduate here in the early 1930s reflects a view which has frequently been represented to the present writer,

Following Hall's death in 1710, his successor, The memorial to GW Hall Colwell Brickenden, the Master upon whom the in Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester canonry was conferred, did not live to enjoy his new office. He died on 23 August 1714, less than a year from the "Mrs. Dudden, known in the typical Oxford slang of the date of the statute and just one day before the burial of the period, though it was gradually dying out, as "The Maggerine" sovereign who had made the gift. (The Master was the "The Magger", of course), was a somewhat forbidding lady with a caustic tongue which she There is still much research to be done in sometimes used to pass some comment on the the Gloucester archives before a proper account appearance or behaviour of the wife of some can be given of the part played by the eleven other Head of a House. Before he was elected masters of Pembroke who occupied the to the Mastership of Pembroke, The Revd. Dr. prebendral stall which still bears their title there. Homes Dudden had been Vicar of Holy Trinity, At least four of that number, William Adams, Sloane Street, one of London's most fashionable George Hall, Evan Evans and Bartholomew churches, and as the wife of probably the most Price, exercised their privilege of being outstanding society vicar of the day she was used commemmorated in the cathedral and it is to the manners and modes of high society. Thus evident enough that both Francis Jeune and she tended to look upon the Oxford Dons' John Mitchinson made considerable wives as a dowdy and unsophisticated lot, as no contributions to the life of the chapter there. doubt most of them were. She was always The remuneration they received was The Master's stall in Gloucester Cathedral fastidiously if not fashionably dressed, rather in substantial no matter how assiduously or the style of Queen Mary on whom I think she otherwise they performed their duties. The return made by the perhaps modelled her own rather imperious manner." College to the Commission of Inquiry in 1874 records that in It should be noted that in 1929 Dudden had been appointed the year 1871 the Master had, after deductions, received L781as one of the Chaplains to King George V and that it was widely 14s, -2d. from the canonry. The man in question was Evan

Pembroke College Record

rumoured at the time that Queen Mary regarded him as the handsomest clergyman in the Kingdom.

A reminder of Homes Dudden's distinction is then given with the news,

The reminiscences continue both with more than a hint as to the Duddens' distaste for their annual sojourn in their house in the Cathedral Close and with a glimpse of the canon in the pulpit,

"During the Hilary Term the Master resigned the office of Chairman of the Oxford Society which he had held since its inception. Many warm tributes were paid to him for his services to the Society which is now an established and flourishing institution."

"The Master of Pembroke had to be a Clerk in Holy Orders, since with the office went a Canonry of Gloucester Cathedral. Thus The Duddens had to spend a month of the Long Vac. in the Cathedral Close, a rustication neither of them enjoyed, for the Master found the Canons a dull lot just as his wife found their wives even more dowdy than the Oxford ones. I once heard the Master preach in the Cathedral there and I recall vividly the astonishing flow of rotund phrases pouring out in a mellifluous flood accompanied by a great swaying of body and of histrionic gesture. One still remains, I believe accurately, in my memory. Inveighing against the moral deficiencies of the age, it went: 'We are not concerned merely with the petty peccadilos of a paltry society but with a deep-seated canker that gnaws at the very vitals of our great and precious land'." The Record for 1937-8 presents the official line which was indeed, and setting aside any personal sentiments, entirely unexceptional, "There are many reasons for the change which the College after long contemplation has at last taken. The work of Heads of Houses tends to grow with the size and complexity of the University. In addition to ruling their own societies they are called upon to take a large part in University administration. More especially during the period of a Vice-Chancellorship and, what is not perhaps generally realized, for some years before and after holding the office of Vice-Chancellor, the head of a College is much occupied with University business. To add to this the duties of residence throughout the long vacation as Canon of a Cathedral is a very serious burden. Moreover, ...to limit the Mastership to those capable of holding the Canonry must necessarily narrow the choice of the Fellows in making an election and might conceivably make it difficult to maintain the Pembroke connexion."

Turning then to rather lesser matters, we learn, "Sir Vincent Baddeley, Honorary Fellow of the College, has made a most generous gift to the Senior Common Room by presenting a portrait of Sir William Blackstone by Daniel Gardner. Hitherto the only representation of our greatest jurist was a small coloured print which is hung in the Common Room Parlour. Sir Vincent Baddeley has not only secured the portrait for Pembroke, he has also saved it for England. The dealer who acquired it at the sale on 27 May had it packed up to go to American but was persuaded to sell it to Sir Vincent Baddeley. We already owe to Sir Vincent our splendid contemporary portrait of King James 1. We now owe him a double debt for this additional gift." The Blackstone portrait now hangs by the side of that of Johnson in the Senior Common Room, whilst that of King James 1 occupies a prominent place in Broadgates Hall. Vincent Baddeley, who matriculated in 1893, was elected an Honorary Fellow in 1937. In announcing his death on 25 July 1961, the 1961-62 Record gives the following information, "Sir Vincent served throughout his career in the Civil Service at the Admiralty of which he was latterly Deputy Secretary. ... He was a member of the Fishmongers Company and he left to the College a very beautiful silver loving cup presented to him when he was Prime Warden, an exact replica of a seventeenth century cup presented to one of his predecessors in that office." The 1937-38 Record then went on: "We congratulate Professor Collingwood on his election as a Fellow of the British Academy. We take occasion also to congratulate him on his escape from drowning when navigating

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a yacht single-handed in the Channel during the great gale in the middle of the summer term. Professor Collingwood has added to his contributions to philosophical studies a work on The Principles of Art. This book, which has been described by a reviewer as 'the record of an intense personal experience and of a sustained endeavour to see it clearly in the context of modern life', has aroused great interest amongst students of philosophy and will undoubtedly increase the already great reputation of its author." Pembrokians scarcely need reminding that R.G. Collingwood was by far the most distinguished Tutorial Fellow of this period; indeed it might well be argued of the century. Tutor in Philosophy from 1912 to 1935, he had moved to Magdalen on his election to the Wayneflete Chair of Metaphysical Philosophy. Turning then to undergraduate matters, the Record gives a vivid account of a summer production in the Chapel Quad, "The Sir Thomas Browne Society this year presented Mr Masefield's play Tristan and Isolt in the quadrangle of the College on four evenings during Eight's week. The high tragedy of the theme and the complication of the plot presented many difficulties, but by the energy and skill of the producer, J R Bingham, they were successfully overcome. Most of the action takes place at Tintagel Castle which was represented by the Hall. As the daylight failed powerful floodlight illuminated the stage and the Hall behind, presenting a spectacle of much beauty. From the first the play seized the interest of the audience and the tragedy of Tristan unfolded itself convincingly. On the last evening, the Poet Laureate, Mr Masefield, honoured the Society by attending the play and was kind enough to express his appreciation of the production and the acting." Finally, two items of news which reflected the turbulent events of the times. This, in fact, was the last issue of the Record before the outbreak of the Second World War; publication did not resume until 1947. "Mr H W C Peterson, who was in residence from 1919 to 1921, has gone to China to fight as a volunteer with the Chinese armies. Mr Peterson served in the Great War in the Royal

Fusiliers and afterwards in the Royal Flying Corps. Mr Peterson was born in Hong Kong and speaks Chinese fluently. He has studied Chinese affairs and taken part in films dealing with China both as an actor and a director. Mr P R R A Ferguson, who was in residence from 1935 to 1937, has fought in the International Brigade with the Spanish Republican Armies. In March he was reported as killed but we are glad to record that this was an error. His unit had been isolated during the retreat but he eventually returned to Barcelona and was invalided out of the army having suffered from wounds, shell-shock, and typhoid fever. He is now at his home in England recuperating from his injuries." An interesting side-light on this involvement in the Spanish Civil War is shed by the following passage from the privately printed memoirs of Brian Heddy, who came up to the College in 1935, "Although we had plenty with which to occupy our attention in Oxford, the student body was very conscious of events taking place abroad at this time, notably in Germany, Austria and Italy but above all in Spain. Several undergraduates from Pembroke spent their vacations lending impassioned support to the combatants in the Civil War. In retrospect, how strange it was to behold colleagues drinking port amicably together in the J.C.R. at the beginning of term, when only a few weeks previously they had been actively engaged on opposite sides in a bloody struggle! Perhaps this is one of the odder aspects of our tolerant society at that period."

PEMBROKE IN WORLD WAR II The recent articles in the Record by my old friends, Douglas Ross and Derek Charman, on life in Pembroke in 1941-42 and in the immediate post-war years prompt me to add comments on the intervening years when I, as a medical student and therefore in a reserved occupation, spent nearly my whole time in Pembroke. We were small in numbers and student accommodation was limited to four staircases in the front quad and two rooms in the Almshouses. I still have a photograph of the JCR taken on the steps of the Hall in 1943 and there were only 14 of us. Life was

Pembroke College Record

a mixture of pre-war custom and wartime restraints. The scouts cleaned our rooms, lit our fires and made our beds. All meals were taken in Hall though we only used the first two tables on the left. Gowns were worn for dinner but there were no other formalities such as Grace or High Table. The College Chef, Mr. Organ, did his best with the available materials but the food could best be described as dull but filling. Visits to governmentrun British restaurants (a feature of wartime where one could obtain reasonably priced, simple food) and various snack bars were popular at lunch time and it was common practice last thing in the evening to send one of our number down to purchase a large quantity of fish and chips from Mr del Nevo's establishment in St Ebbe's. Frank and Fred still ran the JCR pantry and provided anchovy toast and Oliver and Gurden's cakes. Discipline was still pre-war and Chapel for those of the Church of England was compulsory. The Head Porter, Ponsford, was always at the door to check that those who should duly attended [ed. In 1954 attendance became voluntery] (Pembroke Record 1971 p.18). Rules regarding women in College were a world away from the permissive society and, again, Ponsford was on the alert to see that they were obeyed. I forget what time the gate was shut but there were at least two ways into College after hours for those of reasonable athletic ability. I do not recall anyone being sent down but one or two came near it! Socially and academically we were a mixed bunch and, being small in numbers, we all knew each other pretty well and lived a harmonious life. A high proportion were scholars, both state and closed scholarships from Abingdon, Elizabeth College, Guernsey and from Gloucestershire schools, the Crypt at Gloucester, Northleach Grammar and, I think, Cheltenham Grammar. We all seemed to work quite hard, especially those of us in reserved occupations, since poor performance could lead to dereservation. Organised sport was virtually non-existent. An occasional game of squash, a before breakfast run round Christ Church Meadows and the odd row on the river in a skiff were about the limit. Student societies in the University were quite numerous but Pembroke societies did not exist. Relaxation was provided mainly by the theatre and the cinema. I well remember Mr Bowtell's Scala cinema in Walton Street (with double seats for

those so inclined!). He screened a wide range of films, including many Continental ones. It was said that if enough people requested a film he would get it if it was at all possible. The New Theatre was well patronised and plays, opera and ballet of the highest quality were staple fare. Of especially happy memory to me was the Oxford Playhouse. With such people as Pamela Brown, Rosalie Crutchley, Max Adrian, Francis Sullivan and Donald Heuston often in the cast the standards of production and performance were excellent; I owe my acquaintance with the plays of such authors as Shaw, Pinero, Coward, Ibsen and O'Casey largely to their efforts. On Saturday mornings there was a coffee bar on the first floor where cast and members of the audience could mingle. It became almost a club and Lionel Salt, the Bursar, was a regular attender. During the early part of the war the greater part of the College was requisitioned by the Army and used as a training school for Intelligence Officers. We had little contact with them except in the early morning when there was competition for the bathrooms, which were sited where the library now stands. When they left the War Agricultural Executive Committee took over and we became very friendly with them. They ran a dramatic society and, as they were rather short of males, some of us joined in their productions. We gave performances in College and in various village halls around Oxford, raising money for good causes. Apart from the Master, Dr Homes Dudden, the Senior Tutor, H L Drake and the Bursar, Lionel Salt, I can only remember three fellows who actually lived in college; they were Mr McNabb who tutored in philosophy, Professor (later Sir Robert) Macintosh who was Nuffield Professor of Anaesthetics and Dr Ramsden. McNabb, I believe, was involved in work for the Admiralty. Sir Robert Macintosh was appointed consultant in Anaesthetics to the Royal Air Force and spent much of his time in experimental work connected with problems that arose during the war, in addition to professorial duties at the Radcliffe Infirmary. His Air Commodore's uniform together with his pilot's wings and medals from the First World War were often a help when dealing with regular officers. As a medical student one got to know him and his first wife, Marjorie, very well. They were most generous and helpful friends to many of us.

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Dr Ramsden was a most charming old man. He held a Life Fellowship that allowed him to enjoy his retirement in comfort and in congenial company. Whether such a post still continues in these more utilitarian and cost-conscious days I wonder but I hope so! [Readers of the co-editor's article on 'John Beeman and Pembroke' in the last issue of the Record will recall the final paragraph of R B McCallum's obituary notice of Walter Ramsden, "The race of life prize fellows has now all but expired. By the harsh standards of efficiency it may be difficult to justify the institution, but such men as Walter Ramsden contributed to their colleges a mellow and benevolent wisdom which may well be missed when all of us leave our chairs vacant on the July 31st following our sixty fifth birthday." In 1896, Ramsden had been the last to be elected under the old provisions of the Sheppard Foundation. Endowed by Mrs Sophia Sheppard in 1846 these had originally established two Fellowships for the study of Law and Medicine respectively and had involved no obligation to reside. They were tenable for life, though vacated by marriage or by the ownership of an estate of L500 per annum in land. Under the 1926 Statutes the endowment was merged in the Corporate Fund and a single Fellowship of increased value was substituted for the two original Fellowships. Life-tenure was abolished. The Fellowship is, however, still known as the Sheppard Fellowship, and involves a qualification either in Law or Medicine: it is currently held by the Senior Law Tutor, John Eekelaarl Ramsden had been the first professor of Biochemistry at Liverpool University and an acknowledged authority on surface tension. He continued his researches in retirement using a family of silk worms which he kept in his room. As a consequence one had to be careful when visiting him as taking a seat in the wrong chair could squash part of his family. At the appropriate time of year he was to be seen anxiously inspecting the mulberry tree in the Fellows' garden to make sure that his flock had an adequate food supply. As a result he was sometimes mistaken by visitors for the college gardener. Sir John Betjeman's poem, 'I M Walter Ramsden' ob. March 26th 1947', paints a charming picture of him. The fellow with whom I had most contact was Percy O'Brien who sadly died a short while ago. He tutored all medical students

and was quite first class, taking immense pains with his students. You had, however, to prove your worth since he had little time for anyone who tended to slack. In my time at college Percy was not actually a Fellow, a state of affairs which was rumoured to be due to Drake's influence since he considered that medicine was a subject that should be taught in teaching hospitals. Fortunately this attitude eventually changed. Percy's tutorials were always very stimulating and could range beyond the bare bones of scientific facts that had to be learnt. I remember one occasion when I was taught some Egyptology, a subject of which he had considerable knowledge. I hope these recollections of life at Pembroke during the last war may be of interest to subsequent generations and revive memories among those who shared the experiences. I would like to end by jumping forward to 1951. After service in the RAMC and a period at Guy's Hospital, I returned to Oxford as an impecunious and newly married doctor to study anaesthetics under Sir Robert Macintosh. The Bursar was by then George Bredin and it was due to him that my wife and I were to rent a delightful flat in Pembroke Street at a rental considerably below its true commercial value. In such a way did Pembroke help and look after its own; to quote from Sir John Betjeman's autobiographical poem 'Summoned by Bells', `How empty, creeper-grown and odd Seems lonely Pembroke's second quad! Still, when I see it, do I wonder why That college so polite and shy Should have more character than Queen's Or Univ, splendid in the High' Such sentiments I find entirely appropriate. They seem to paint a picture of a civilised and caring community to which it was a privilege to belong and to which I shall always be grateful. Anthony Leatherdale

Pembroke College Record

THE COLLEGE SOCIETY ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 1998 The Annual General Meeting of the Society took place in Broadgates Hall on Friday, 25 September 1998 with the Master presiding. The minutes of the previous meeting held on 27 September 1997 were read and approved.

TREASURER'S REPORT

ANNUAL DINNER By kind permission of the Master and Fellows, the Society held its Annual Dinner in Hall on Friday, 25 September 1998. The Rt. Hon. Michael Heseltine, CH, PC, MP (1951) presided and proposed the toast of the College, to which the Master responded. The following is a list of members who attended:

The Treasurer reported that on 31 December 1997 there was a credit balance of ÂŁ7227.18 in the Society's account.

THE MASTER FELLOWS

ELECTIONS TO THE COMMITTEE

IP Grant

The following members due for retirement in 1998 were reelected for a further three years in each instance: G. D. Flather M. P Headon G. T. Layer

JRR Rook JM Eekelaar A Jones K Mayhew JE Platt (1956)

J. A. Banks and L. J. Pike stood down after each serving for 27 years. The meeting recorded its thanks to them both for their long service. The meeting approved the election for three years in each instance of the following new members: R. J. Brown J. M Walker

SECRETARY AND TREASURER The Revd Dr. J. E. Platt was re-elected for a further year.

SW Whitefield JF McKee VS Butt S Bradbury GE Sinclair (1931) MD Heseltine (1951) (Chairman) RG Bannister PM Bailhache (1964) AGS McCallum (1944)

OTHER BUSINESS The Secretary reported details of the first Society Activity Day to be held on the day following the Annual Dinner.

1935

HWS Horlock RW Sykes

1936

CA Stone CB White

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1937 1938

KW Lovel JM Murdoch LW Cowie JH Davies CEL Thomson

1939

HA Lunghi

1943

DF Brewer FJ Whitworth

1945

FA Barden

1946

GAO Jenkin SJD Nowson

1947

JG Drysdale PBK Turner

1948

M Andrews GM Batchelor JG Bowen JT Buffin JPH Davy JJ Deave RJ Drysdale KG Garrod HS Harris TRV Hewitt-Jones RI Horsell P Hyndson KH Jeffery RF Lewis PG Mason JP Matossian KG Plant JR Stayt TB Wilson

1949

PG Harrison JD Pinnock

1950

AD Deyermond P Le Pelley

1951

IRP Josephs WG Potter

1953

TA Hughes

1954

RS Chivers GB Hall PGB Letts J Metcalf J Otway

1955

AC Grant

1957

MT Cooper GP Lilley

1959

JA Banks CB Craig PE Harrington DP Jewell AP Mobbs LJ Pike

1960

BS Fetter RA Steggle B Wakefield

1961

G Good KJ MacKenzie

1962

JL Barlow KM McNeish HD Walker

1964

RAR Carr G Gancz AO Smith

1965

FGB Aldhouse JPH Hunt RG Ware

1968

DD Miller

1969

CP Harrison

1970

J Harrison RW Torrington

1971

MJ Burr DJ Knowles GT Layer

1972

RCB Jones JJ Langham-Brown

1973

PDB West

1976

JN Sykes

1981

AJ Camm

1982

TM Slesinski-Wykowski

1984

JM Walker

1986

GJ Buxton

1992

NJ Griffin

Pembroke College Record

OBITUARY The deaths of the following Members have been notified since the last issue of the Record. A. H. Amy D. G. Ayland J. L. Baker F. A. Barker A. J. Barr P. R. Bharucha C. N. J. Cabedo E. P. Calvert R. B. Carnley A. Cook S. F. Cressall J. B. A. Evans W. Fisher C.L. Hall G.P.Harger S.C. Harrold T. W. Jones E. Lee M. J. Long G. P. S Lowe

1922 1950 1936 1971 1942 1920 1945 1925 1937 1936 1930 1931 1949 1923 1931 1967 1946 1931 1938 1929

P. McConnell D. F. McKenzie W. G. Monk H. B. Morgan A. R. Morley J. R. P. O'Brien P. Pickard F. G. Rawcliffe I. Rawlins F. W. Rew W.M. Rodda R. W. Skirving J. L. N. Stobbs R. Townley I. G. Tweedale P. G. A. Walker J. Wallis C. B. White R. M. Whitehead M. P. Windibank

1953 1986 1930 1947 1969 1924 1924 1934 1965 1931 1933 1925 1939 1925 1965 1942 1933 1936 1947 1979

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OBITUARIES DONALD FRANCIS MCKENZIE 5 June 1931-22 March 1999 D. F. McKenzie, Fellow of Pembroke, 1986-96, gave a name to â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and helped to reinvent â&#x20AC;&#x201D; one of the late twentieth century's most intellectually vibrant areas of literary historical scholarship. He will be remembered as a brilliant teacher, an inspired publisher, a founding director of one of New Zealand's leading theatres, and a fine editor, but perhaps most lastingly as the man who reshaped the field of textual bibliography to meet the new demands of the time. All his writing, from his first published work on the late seventeenth-century printing practices of the Cambridge University Press through to his major edition of Congreve for Oxford University Press (on the verge of completion at the time of his death), reflected a conviction that it was no longer enough for bibliography to be narrowly descriptive or analytic. It had to be closely attentive to the social conditions in which texts are produced, distributed, read and re-read through history. In certain contexts this might require of the bibliographer a thorough familiarity with the apprenticeship practices of a Renaissance printing house, or the implications of a particular choice of typeface or disposition of blank spaces in an Early Modern text; but Don's view of bibliography was every bit as attuned to a present-day situation in which the printed book is no longer the sole, or even the most important, means of recording information. The 'sociology of texts', as he envisaged it, made bibliography no longer just the study of books, but the study of every kind of recorded 'text' in the culture: sound, static and moving images with or without words, computer-stored information, even (for certain cultures) the oral narratives through which the forms of landscape are explained and described.

Donald Francis McKenzie was born on 5 June 1931 in Timaru, a small town about midway between Dunedin and Christchurch on the East Coast of New Zealand's South Island. The family's circumstances were very modest (his father was a shoemaker cum jack-of-all-trades) and during the course of his childhood Don was moved first to Palmerston North, where he attended the Boys' High School, then to Wellington. Asked when and how he had discovered his passion for literature, he claimed that the vital spark came from reading King Lear at the age of 14. A lasting attachment to the play was evident in his constantly evolving lectures on Shakespeare to generations of students at Victoria University of Wellington. But a career in academia had to wait. Don left school at 16 without sitting the university entrance examinations and was apprenticed to the Public Relations Department of the Post Office where he rapidly began to rise through the ranks. There he met Don Peebles, a leading New Zealand artist, who developed his knowledge both of art and of drama. The Wellington Shakespeare Society nurtured Don's particular fascination with the theatre, and he met his first wife, Dora Haigh there. They married in 1951 and had one son, Matthew. Recognising his academic promise, Don's Post Office employers encouraged him to enrol in a part-time English degree at Victoria University College (as it was then known). On graduating with a Masters degree, Don was appointed by Ian Gordon to a junior lectureship at Victoria. A year later, in 1957, he won a Leverhulme scholarship to study for a PhD at Cambridge. The first year in England was not easy. His chosen subject, the working conditions of printers' compositors across a period, which included the career of Shakespeare, proved beset with problems, and life for a married graduate was often isolated. He remained lastingly grateful to Bruce Dickins at Corpus Christi and Muriel Bradbrook in the English Faculty for their friendly support. When the bibliographer Philip Gaskell suggested a change in course and drew his attention to the virtually

Pembroke College Record

unplumbed archives of the Cambridge University Press, Don responded with enthusiasm. By that stage, he had only two years of funding left from New Zealand, so the re-defined doctoral dissertation, on the book-making practices of CUP at the turn of the eighteenth century, was researched and written under intense pressure. It was, nevertheless, a ground-breaking piece of work, fundamentally altering existing assumptions about the procedures of English printing houses in that period. Published in 1966 as The Cambridge University Press 1696-1712: A Bibliographical Study, it remains the definitive study of its kind.

typefaces of seventeenth- to nineteenth-century origin. The Press at first concentrated its attentions on short literary and academic publications and its list featured works by many of the most prominent names on the New Zealand poetry scene: Alastair Campbell, James K. Baxter, Peter Bland, Charles Brasch, Sam Hunt, Bill Manhire. It was also home to a short-lived but inspired literary journal, Words: Wai-te-ata Studies in Literature. Then, in 1967, Don collaborated with Douglas Lilburn to launch the Press's most imaginative venture, a series of Musical Editions â&#x20AC;&#x201D; scores by New Zealand composers.

Returning to New Zealand in 1961, he was appointed to a more senior post in the Department of English at Victoria, and began a pattern of shuttling back to England every few years to raid the archives for his continuing bibliographical research. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge elected him to a nonresident Fellowship which he held between 1960 and 1966, providing him with an academic base in England. In the early years the long sea voyages provided uninterrupted stretches of writing time. With hindsight he attributed much of the originality of his thinking to his not having been continually 'on the circuit' of British and American academic seminars and conferences, though he always remained in touch with what was happening there. The 3-volume register of the London Stationers' Company apprentices in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, undertaken during his first years back in New Zealand and published between 1961 and 1978, was a significant contribution to the rapidly developing field of British book trade history. While at work on the second two volumes, Don was also gaining a more 'hands-on' involvement with the history of the book by setting up a fully functioning printers' museum under the auspices of the English Department. The Wai-te-ata Press, founded in 1962 and housed in two garages at 10 and 12 Wai-te-ata Road, was (in Don's own words) 'a practical extension' of the courses he was teaching in palaeography and textual bibliography, 'especially as these relate to problems of literary research in the period 1450-1850'. To equip it, he managed to persuade Cambridge University Press to make an indefinite loan of an 1813 Stanhope printing press, used (until 1952) for overprinting the Vice Chancellor's signature on certificates. He also managed to beg or borrow a large range of

Don's interest in the theatre was increasingly active during these years. He became the founding director of Downstage, New Zealand's first professional theatre company, and remained a close follower of its work right up until the time of his last visit home in January of last year. But it was in the lecture theatre that the largest number of people could witness his charismatic intelligence at work. His lectures were almost always unscripted but highly detailed and delivered with a characteristic blend of informality, energy, and intellectual suppleness. He was a superbly theatrical performer at the lectern - not remotely averse to weeping (as Lear) over Cordelia's corpse, or pitching, disarmingly, into falsetto (as Imogen), or duelling to the death with himself (as Hamlet and Laertes). In the more confined space of a seminar room his intellectual intensity could be overwhelming. Emerging from one of his afternoon classes on the 7th floor of the Von Zedlitz tower block, high on Kelburn hill looking down over Wellington city, one female student is said to have breathed, 'If he'd asked me to jump, I'd have jumped'. But he was never just the performer. He expected a great deal of his students, exposing them to a remarkably wide range of primary materials (often via microfilm, when primary texts were not readily available in Wellington), urging them to follow their own interests, but always insisting upon historical accuracy, logical clarity, and exactness of expression. International recognition was starting to arrive. In 1976 he gave the Sandars lectures at Cambridge on the late seventeenthcentury book trade, in 1982-3 he served as President of the Bibliographical Society of London, and in 1985 he was seen as the obvious choice to give the first Panizzi Lectures at the British Library. For these he delivered the three lectures entitled

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`Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts' which laid out his vision for a new bibliography. (A new edition was published by Cambridge University Press in September 1999.) He claimed to be shy of announcing a 'paradigm shift', but the broadening of scope he was urging for the subject came very close to it. Classical bibliography had, until then, been largely enumerative and descriptively analytic. His call for a thoroughly historicized understanding of the social as well as technical processes involved in the making, transmission, and reception of texts rescued bibliography from a potentially marginal position within literary scholarship and put it at the forefront of critical practice. He drew the field into argument with aspects of post-structuralist theory though the thrust of his ideas was, in the end, unapologetically humanist - and the range of his materials was striking, reaching from early editions of Congreve through modern anthropology to Citizen Kane. The lectures brought him to the attention of numerous scholars on the Continent, and were quickly translated into French and Italian. Closer to home, he gave fuller expression to some of the ideas presented in them about the status of written texts in a non-literate culture by writing a highly acclaimed analysis of the Treaty of Waitangi, published as Oral Culture, Literacy and Print in Early New Zealand (1985). In 1987 Don retired from Victoria University and took up the Readership in Bibliography and Textual Criticism at Oxford which brought him to Pembroke. His teaching was exclusively postgraduate, and he fundamentally altered most students' perception of what this compulsory part of their course (not infrequently taken under sufferance) was about. The work done under his direction ranged from studies of seventeenth-century compositorial practice to a history of the Virago Women's Press, and ran the theoretical gamut from old historicism through to post-structuralism. Whatever their philosophical leaning, students were never allowed to ignore 'the materiality of the book'. His lectures and seminars were constantly supported by the apparatus of the printers' and publishers' trades: specimens of paper, a sample book with no text but - as he would show - decipherable from its materials alone as a 1930s novel in the making. At times he simply seemed to have more hours in the day than anyone else. Numerous students recall his having responded to their work not with the scrawled note or brief meeting they expected

but with hours of intense suggestion, counter suggestion, correction and argument - by telephone if a personal meeting proved too difficult to arrange. His e-mails were legendary, as were his scrupulously detailed job references. Many a graduate and post-graduate career took a fundamental change of direction under such encouragement. As a collegiate presence, Don was warmly interested in the work of other members of the Fellowship and did much to foster the sense of an intellectual community. Here, as in other contexts (notably the debate over the future of the British Library) he didn't hold back when he found himself in disagreement with a proposed policy, and his contributions to discussion could be disconcertingly forthright. He had an intense regard for what he calls, in the new introduction to the Panizzi lectures, the 'moral intelligence', and in his own life bore constant witness to it. In 1989 he was elected to a personal chair. Other honours had been accumulating since the early 1980s. A corresponding fellow of the British Academy from 1980, he was elected FBA in 1986. In 1988 he was awarded the Marc Fitch Prize for Bibliography and made an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities, and in 1990 he received the Gold Medal of the Bibliographical Society. He gave the Lyell lectures at Oxford in 1988, and the Clark Lectures at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1998. At the time of his death he was still hard at work on Congreve and planning the multi-volume Cambridge History of the Book in Britain in collaboration with colleagues from across the country. The first volume will appear later this year. Don's marriage to Christine Ferdinand, Fellow Librarian of Magdalen College, brought him great happiness in recent years. He experienced recurrent health scares with his heart but they never seemed sufficiently to impress upon him his own mortality or the desirability of guarding his energies. Characteristically, he was hard at work, checking a reference for someone else, when he collapsed in the Taylorian Library on 22 March. In memory of Don, the D. F. McKenzie Prize for English Literature will be awarded annually to a student graduating in English Literature from Pembroke College. Ideally the college will seek to make the award to a student who intends to continue in higher education and who has need of financial support. If those

Pembroke College Record

circumstances are not applicable the prize will be given for the best performance in English Schools in the year. The recipient of the first D. F. McKenzie Prize is Bernard Dive. Helen Small Jonathan and Julia Aisbitt Fellow in English Literature

The following Graduation Address was given by Professor McKenzie on 10 December 1997 at the ceremony at which he received an Honorary Doctorate from Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. He took the opportunity to offer an eloquent defence of New Zealand's (and, by extension, all) universities against government cuts in funding and pressures to commercialise research and teaching. The speech also gives powerful testimony to the values which shaped his own life in academia. "Mr Chancellor, Mr Vice-Chancellor Friends and Colleagues Fellow Graduands and Whanau This afternoon, Mr Chancellor, you honour the graduands of a fine university, or, to give it its true humanity, an alma mater, a bounteous mother, one of whom I've always been proud to be a son. For most of us here today, this event is a point of brief but wellearned rest, before we move on to fresh woods and pastures new, carrying into other worlds the intellectual and moral experience that are the benefits of a true education. It should have given us a firmer sense of our own identities, and by the same token, a respect for the integrity of others. It should have given us both a modesty in claiming to know the truth about anything, and a proper scepticism when others claim to know what's best for us. For me personally, of course, it's much more a case of the prodigal son returning home to a welcome far beyond his deserts. But being brought back into the family like this reminds me of two lines from a poem by John Donne about such separation and reunion: Thy firmness drawes my circle just, And makes me end where I begurme.

I like that word 'firmnes', because only by being steadfast in the face of so much political parsimony has Victoria - against all the odds - ensured its continuing distinction in teaching and scholarship, maintained its spirited defence of academic freedom, and persisted in its crucial role - as stated in the Education Act of 1989 - of critic and conscience of society. These are the values of which you, as today's graduands, are the immediate beneficiaries. But as Shakespeare once said: If our virtues did not go forth of us 'Twere all alike as if we had them not. As students, we turn information into knowledge by making it our own. As graduates we translate knowledge into action by bringing an informed judgment to bear on every aspect of our society. We especially honour today those who, as graduands in the arts and social sciences, are best able to affirm that role in helping to ensure that all who make up our society live out their lives with a civilised dignity. The humanities, after all, take their definition from those special qualities that give life a human value. I think not merely of the arts, crucially important though they are. I reflect rather on the humanity of so many of our fellow New Zealanders who so sadly and desperately need the support of today's graduands in education and the social sciences. It's a matter of great pride that Aotearoa has at last come close to achieving a society which is honourably bi-cultural in its respect for the different traditions of Maori and Pakeha. But New Zealand, I fear, is a profoundly bi-cultural society in quite another sense. I mean that we have an economic bi-culturism of affluence and poverty. The ideal of the first is the maximisation of profit and the coercion of our institutions, including our universities, to the service of that end. The reality of the second still condemns far too many New Zealanders to conditions of material, physical, and educational impoverishment. If we think of our levels of violence, incarceration, and youth suicide, as significant effects of those conditions, it can scarcely be a matter of pride, that in this second culture of unemployment, poor housing, illness, and the trap of a merely functional literacy, New Zealand could also be said to lead the world.

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These are sombre thoughts, but if we take seriously the University's role as critic and conscience of society, especially in education and the social sciences, let there be more test made of our mettle, in the challenge we now face to translate the knowledge we claim as graduates into actions which fully research, and responsibly address, the affects of this form of biculturalism. More than that, if our academic freedom to do so is under assault, as I believe at present it is, then the universities will need all your help in vigorously contesting that threat. I say this with a sense of urgency because, as you Mr Chancellor have noted, Government recently issued a Green Paper on the Future of Tertiary Education in New Zealand. While it masquerades as a set of proposals for discussion, on my reading it persistently assumes the universities' subjugation to the market. Victoria of course has strong traditions of independence which I'm sure it will continue to draw on in this latest battle with Mammon, and it's in personal homage now to those traditions that I'd like to say why I became a university teacher. I left Palmerston North Boys' High in 1948 and came down to Wellington after a summer job working on the chain at the Longburn freezing works. For the next seven years I was a public servant, devoted not only to my own job but to the political philosophy that seemed to me then to inform our society, in its concern for full employment, good and free health care, free education, and help for the old and ailing to live out their lives with dignity. Fraud was unheard of, and I like to think there was a comparable honesty about my own job in public relations. It had nothing to do with advertising. Its premise was that in a democracy, it was essential that people should be able to make informed judgments, and that information about anything affecting their lives should be readily available and communicated with the integrity we expect of honest journalism. It was all the easier for me to believe that because I worked in the Post Office, an institution whose very purpose was communication. Only slowly did I discover how ideologically laden, and indeed politically oppressive, even that society was. Pakeha men, of course, still knew what was best for Maori and

for women. McCarthyism, the cold war, the hot Korean war, the domino theories ofJohn Foster Dulles about communist expansion down through South East Asia - these all dominated our sense of the world beyond our shores. Their effects at home were most evident to me in the orchestration of public opinion to bring in compulsory military training, and in events like the Waterfront strike of 1951 and the swearing-in of citizen constables. It was, I came to know, a time of fear and of threat for any who were daring or naĂŻve enough to express any opinions, or to take any actions, that were construed to be subversive. My own protests were feeble, even derisory, and I was staggered to discover how seriously they'd been taken by others. For example, it was reported to the SIS that I'd been seen sitting down while God Save the Queen was being played at the pictures. When an eavesdropper overheard me in the Post Office cafeteria recommending a republican form of government, this too was noted and reported. My SIS record showed that I received from the Society for Closer Relations with the USSR a notice of its screening of Russian ballet films, and that I had on my shelves at home works by Marx, Lenin, Plekhanov, Zdhanov, Trotsky, and, most incriminating of all, a copy of the Communist Manifesto. These were all of course set tests that year for Pol. Sci. II. My SIS file also revealed that I'd signed a student petition against police action during the Waterfront strike, and that I'd leaked to the newspapers during the strike hard evidence of telephone tapping, which was officially denied by Government. It all seems utterly puerile now of course, both on my part and on that of the SIS. But if you think for a moment of the massive bureaucracy that sustained all that trivial reporting and recording, you'll understand perhaps why, when it was offered to me some 40 years ago, I accepted a Junior Lectureship at Victoria. As a part-time student, I'd already found it notable for its defence of free speech, and the vigour, intelligence, and powerful articulacy of those like John Beaglehole, Jim Bertram, Freddie Wood, George Hughes, Ian Campbell, whose resistance to petty political tyrannies was an educational model as fine as any in the world. They were the measure of Victoria's international standing

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as a university. Minds of their quality are not to be known from the Internet. While we were in their presence, we at Victoria were in a university as good as Oxford, Cambridge, and any other you care to name. In leaving the Public Service, I chose an uncertain future, but I also chose an independence of mind in preference to the mental subservience I'd found to be inseparable from service to a government I could no longer respect. Today, as I see it, we're in the grip of another ideology with aspirations to world dominance in its concepts of the market and of individual initiative. These are, I believe, more divisive and materialistic than anything in the philosophy of Marxism, and they're explicit in the Green Paper on Tertiary Education. There are two academic traditions which could be noted here, the Socratic and the Sophistic. In the Socratic tradition, the end of knowledge is virtue. Socrates simply says, 'This is so, is it not?' If you say 'Yes', then you fully accept as your own the truth you've arrived at. There can be no question of being badly taught and then later sueing your teacher, because at every stage, your participation implies a responsibility on your part to question and resolve the point at issue before you proceed further. This is the way in which, in the humanities, we have traditionally taught and learned. Within this tradition, a phrase like 'the knowledge business', for example, is a solecism. The Sophistic tradition, however, is money-based. Sophists are information-providers. They advertise and say: 'I know, and for a price I'll tell you'. There's a financial contract which implies an efficient transfer of information, and if it doesn't happen, the student who pays may claim compensation. The Green Paper would like us all to be Sophists. It's not surprising therefore that the Green Paper pays scant attention to those definitions of a university given in the Education Act of 1989. Let me remind you of three of the most pertinent: (1) universities are primarily concerned with more advanced learning, the main aim being to develop intellectual independence; (2) their research and teaching are closely interdependent and most of their teaching is done by people who are active in advancing knowledge; (3) they accept a role as critic and conscience of society. All three, I believe, are now at risk.

For example, the Green Paper attacks the self-regulating nature of universities by suggesting that all members of their governing bodies might be ministerial appointees, though conceding that some might be elected by what's called 'stakeholder groups'. In one small paragraph it pays lip-service to the principle of academic freedom, but everything proposed is calculated to constrict and subvert it by limiting teachers' freedom to teach what they think it's important to know. Classical scholars may not speak, because there's no market for Latin and Greek. Old English and Russian may become tongue-tied from the tautness of purse strings. In proposing the separation of teaching from research and then making the funding of research highly contestable, it would reward the most successful by its own short-term criteria of productivity. In such ways the Green Paper subverts the very means by which, in a university, students and teachers alike move from information to knowledge. Few will be fooled by the duplicitous rhetoric of the claim that 'increasing private contributions to the costs of tertiary study has promoted better quality student decisions'. Honestly stated, this simply means that money, not time and thought, is the best guarantee of a good education. Put up fees and students will have to choose courses that promise the best returns. It may of course exclude some students who can't afford the fees, and leave others heavily in debt. But social inefficiencies like these would, by definition, be no concern of the university - since the first would never have been part of it and the graduates would have left it. But the Green Paper also implies that universities might supplement their government grants by attracting large endowments. There may even be a hope here that they might become wholly private institutions and so relieve the State of any obligations at all. I hear that Auckland University has hopes of creating an endowment from private donations of $20,000,000. That's about L7,000,000. To introduce a note of realism, let's look at Oxford and the scale of its endowment. Oxford University (not its 30-odd independent colleges) has just completed a campaign which brought in over L300,000,000; that's almost a billion NZ dollars. The English Faculty alone was given ÂŁ3.2 million to pay for a

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Chair of English and four lectureships, and to create a research fund of half a million pounds just for the English staff. It has since received another endowment of a million pounds to pay for a Chair of American Literature. Half the Oxford colleges also have independent endowments which yield them annual incomes of from one to ten million pounds. Most of the others attract gifts of up to a million pounds or more each year - and that's all in addition to a government funding more liberal than any we know in New Zealand. Our universities are already cutting one another's throats in a senseless competition for students when we should be fully consolidating our national resources to meet the increasingly serious challenge of overseas universities that are already marketing their courses here. The idea that, from a population base of less than 4 million, we can separately achieve endowments in any way comparable to Oxford's or Harvard's to make ourselves internationally competitive in their way, is simply ludicrous. I'm sure that many a politician thinks of the Green Paper in yet another clichĂŠ of this new age, as a kind of 'vision-statement'. It'll pass, of course: there's nothing more ephemeral than politicians, and nothing more fleeting than the words they use. Let me offer you a quite different vision-statement in a more enduring language. It's one which shows how blind we are when the variety of our human and natural worlds is obscured by our distance from the objects of study. It's a poem by Danny Abse, and it's called, not a 'green paper' but with an equally simple, though in this case conscious, irony, 'The Green Field':

an unforeseen tapestry of variousness: sprawl of common weeds and wild flowers, subtleties of small petals - seldom green. Ensuring that we continue to see that human and natural detail, in all its rich diversity, is a social, a political, and an educational imperative too. But those are battles enough for tomorrow. Today, we celebrate. You've all worked hard and won the proper recognition that comes from it. But few of us will have put so much time and work into earning our degrees as Harry Orsman, who's about to become a Doctor of Literature for his Oxford Dictionary of New Zealand English. I hope you, and Harry himself, will forgive me for singling him out. He's an old friend, and one with whom I shared a study on the top floor of Old Kirk over forty years ago. We who taught with Harry for so much of his career knew that his Dictionary was a lifetime's work and that in its accuracy and scale, not to mention its wit, it was going to be the finest work of scholarship to come out of Victoria since the death of John Beaglehole. I'm sure I speak for all his colleagues and friends in saying that this is not only Harry's but Victoria's finest hour, for by making his great work possible, by supporting what can be done superbly here at home, our university itself has achieved a distinction as high as any in the world. Vivat Victoria!"

JOHN RICHARD PERCIVAL O'BRIEN As soft-eyed lovers for the very first time, turning out the light for the first time, blot out all details, all colours, and whisper the old code-words, 'Love you', so those admiring that patch of grass, there, on the hillside, from this distance could be in the dark, unconcerned with detail. 'That green field', they generalise, though drawing nearer (as in a poem) they will discover the lies of distance: rage of different greens. And at the field itself

30 September 1906 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 16 October 1998 John Richard Percival O'Brien came to Pembroke from Witney Grammar School in 1924 and on his death had been a member of the College for 74 of his 92 years. He read Chemistry, and his tutor was H.J. George, a Fellow ofJesus College. For Part II he made a study of the reactions of thiophosgene, and he continued this work for his B.Sc. At the same time he studied Egyptology, and contemplated a career in that subject, but in 1929 Professor Rudolph Peters invited him to work in the Department of Biochemistry. It was there that he

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became known as "Percy", as there was already a John O'Brien in the Department of Biochemistry. In his family, however, he had been called "Paddy" or "Jack". Percy's achievements as a research biochemist, initially in the University Department of Biochemistry and then in the Nuffield Department of Clinical Biochemistry, are covered in the accompanying piece by Dr. Phizackerley.

tutoring. I didn't need Collections, the college end-of-term examinations. All I had to do was to wait six terms (two years) to take Physiology Schools (the B.A. examination). He was sure I would get a First. [n.b. Bannister did so.] Would I write him an essay once a week? And so on. I did write O'Brien an essay once a week for many weeks. So far as I could tell at the time the purpose of those essays was to make sure I did not leave Oxford illiterate, but there was deeper intent. Mostly I was faced with the proprieties of English usage. Then there was the literature, meaning the scientific literature, and a true monster. One was expected to learn physiology from the original literature and a constantly asked question was: `Have you read the literature?'

In Pembroke, of course, Percy was best known as a Tutor, as Secretary of the College Society, and Editor of the Record. He started to give tutorials in 1933, and was elected Lecturer in Natural Science in 1939. He took his title literally, and was prepared to teach almost any scientific subject. Because he was an excellent tutor he was in great demand and pupils came to him from Christ Church, St. Edmund Hall, ... One had to do one's best, and the battle Worcester and other colleges, as well as from of wits could be unnerving. In an argument that Pembroke; he deserves to be in the record books I could not win, I once asked O'Brien whether for having taught more subjects to more students he had read the literature himself. His Irish than any other tutor in Oxford. He was very blood blew up, and to this day he will tell you 'I conscientious, and I do not remember him ever bit his bottom' (sic). I suppose it was on that cancelling or postponing a tutorial. Besides occasion that he made me an honorary Irishman. teaching us to think scientifically, he encouraged To understand this, the highest compliment that us to speak and write good English (though he O'Brien ever paid me was to say (to my father) did not teach me to spell "supernumerary") and that I had a little bit of Irish in me. Many other often reminded his Pembroke pupils that they times, in the milder moments of O'Brien's were at the same college as Thomas Browne and tutorials, I was shown the ostrich egg. Percy O'Brien in his laboratory at the Samuel Johnson. His pupils recall that he was O'Brien was rather proud of that egg. It was Radcliffe Infirmary ca.1940 always immaculately turned out. given to him by a student for habitually shutting up people by saying 'Don't try to teach your grandmother to The following reminiscences from one of Percy's old pupils, suck eggs'. William Bannister, a Maltese Rhodes Scholar, now Professor of Physiology in his native land, were published in a local newspaper just six months before Percy's death: "Mr. O'Brien was a formidable tutor. So I was told, but he was nothing like anything I had expected ... My tutoring was settled in my first encounter with O'Brien. After a scathing conversation â&#x20AC;&#x201D; in which he sized me up, I suppose â&#x20AC;&#x201D; he asked whether I knew anything about enzymes. I didn't know anything. That didn't worry him. He told me I didn't need any

It was in this improbable fashion that I learned physiology. One might say I was forced to learn by thinking. My friend Frank Vella is fond of saying O'Brien once took him by the arm and told him science was the impact of mind on mind. If anyone or anything ever had an impact on me it is my Oxford tutor: J.R.P. O'Brien." Besides carrying a heavy load of teaching, research and administration, at all levels and throughout the United Kingdom,

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Percy was in demand as an examiner. He served on the Board of the Faculty of Medicine and examined in biochemistry for the Final Honour School of Animal Physiology, and in physiology for the University of Malta. In relation to Percy's work in Malta, William Bannister writes: "When I heard of Percy O'Brien's death what I said to myself was there are no more great men left ... truly. Percy was external examiner for me in Malta in 1966 and again in 1968, which surprised everybody as he had never done this outside U.K. At that time I was trying to build a department from nothing and when he was here Percy saw to it that the university was looking after me properly in his characteristic leave-nostone-unturned manner, so much so that after his first visit our Rector remarked, good-humouredly of course, that Percy was more like a visitation of the plague than a visitation of an external examiner. This was duly reported to Percy by the late Frank Young of Cambridge and duly taken up by Percy as banter with the Rector on his second visit. Paddy Phizackerley will forgive me, but the Rector was a Balliol man and Percy loved having a go at Balliol men". Lastly, but not least, Percy was a devoted husband and father. In 1936 he married Kathleen Barnes, a Sister at the Radcliffe infirmary, and they had two children. Their daughter Mary graduated from St. Hugh's College, and their son, John, went to Pembroke, following his father's footsteps into academic biochemistry. The O'Briens retired to Sunderland Avenue, and because of increasing frailty went to live with Mary in 1998. Percy died peacefully at her home, and we must give thanks for a life spent in pursuit of "the bright countenance of truth". His memorial is the O'Brien Fellowship, founded in honour of his 85th birthday. K.W. Lovel

PERCY O'BRIEN IN PEMBROKE When Percy O'Brien came up to Pembroke in 1924 the College was rather different than it is today. Between the Wars the number of students matriculating each year was seldom more than forty. Of the College's ten Fellowships in 1924, two were vacant, three were suspended, and one was a Fellowship for life held by a Fellow then fully employed as a professor at Liverpool. Of the four Fellows in place one was the Bursar, leaving only three Tutorial Fellows to teach the students. There is no record of any Tutorial Fellow or Lecturer in Science in Pembroke at that time and, as Dr Lovel relates, Percy was sent for tutorials in Biochemistry to Mr H J George ofJesus. Percy blossomed under this tuition. In 1929 he was invited to work in the Department of Biochemistry, and in 1937 was appointed a University Demonstrator. Then in the following year he was placed in charge of the clinical biochemistry laboratory at the Radcliffe Infirmary. In 1933 he began to give tutorials for Pembroke and other colleges. During the years, some changes occurred in the fellowship, including the appointment of Ronald McCallum as a Tutorial Fellow in Modern History, and of Professor Tolkien as a Professorial Fellow. Although none of the Fellows was able to teach any science, the College continued to admit students to read scientific subjects. These science students were apparently still looked after by Mr George of Jesus who was eventually appointed to a Lectureship of the College. These arrangements continued until the death of Mr George when Percy was appointed to succeed him as Lecturer in Natural Science on 14 June 1939. There were now six Tutorial Fellows, in Classics, Modern History, Philosophy, Ancient History, Classics and Modern History and Economics. After the War, a Fellowship in Law was created and in History, but Natural Science, it seems, was still regarded as one subject, perhaps a rather wide-spreading one but served only by a lecturer and no Fellow. Nor was there any mathematician. Some of the Fellows, notably R B McCallum, were unhappy about this situation, but nothing was done until the Master,

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Homes Dudden (who had held the Mastership as a life appointment since 1918) fell ill and McCallum was appointed Vice-Master in 1953 to carry out the duties of the Mastership. The number of students had now risen, to sixty-five matriculations in that year, but the Governing Body remained small. There were now eight Fellows on the Governing Body: the Bursar, two Professorial and five Tutorial Fellows, all nonscientists. One of the first decisions of the new Vice-Master was to strengthen the Fellowship in Science by the obvious step of electing Percy to the Fellowship on 2 December 1953. Other innovations followed and in 1955 Percy was allotted a room in College. By now it was common in the larger and wealthier colleges to have six or more Fellows to cover the various different branches of Science, so a further second obvious step was the appointment in 1955 of a Lecturer in Physics, soon to become the first Tutorial Fellow in Physics. Percy thus found himself no longer alone, and was able to share the task of selecting and the responsibility for the teaching of all the Science students, and concentrate on the Medical and Biological Sciences. One was much impressed by his enthusiasm for his subject and the interest he displayed in his students, as many of his old students have recalled. He encouraged them to succeed in a variety of ways by viewing and treating them rather as junior doctors than as students, by glasses of sherry at the end of tutorials and by applying gentle pressure to laggards by offers of a week of extra tutorials at the end of term. He will be remembered for his kindness and interest in his pupils, and for the very good Schools results they obtained. Percy also showed an equal enthusiasm for his work in his steadily expanding Department at the Infirmary, work that was recognised by his appointment as a University Reader in 1955. Yet he also found time to be, to use the usual but apposite expression, a great College man. His student years at Pembroke had obviously created a great affection for the College. In return, during his long period of service, he probably did more, in toto, than any other Fellow to foster good relations between Fellows and the Junior Members of the College, and to maintain the atmosphere that has been so characteristic of Pembroke. He

turned out to watch the football and rugby teams, and to cheer on the boats on the river. He attended College societies and student societies in College. He kept in touch with Old Members, attended their dinners and was Secretary of the Pembroke Society. As a member of the Governing Body he supported the growth of the College and the widening of the Fellowship. When he retired in 1974 he was able to see a College in good form with twenty-six Fellows in all, more in line with other colleges, and no longer so obviously behind the times. Yet the College was not perhaps entirely what he had expected. For the College of the '60s and '70s was not that of the '40s and '50s, and certainly not of the '20s. There were more Fellows, but all seemed more busy, with greater calls on their time for research and with less time for the social life of the College. Perhaps he found the College less congenial, and wondered if the expansion had been all that worthwhile. As Percy often remarked, he was the only Pembroke man in the Fellowship. His undergraduate days at the College had obviously meant a great deal to him and he had paid the debt back in his enthusiasm for his work with the College undergraduates, and in his contacts with his old students. No doubt he sometimes thought, perhaps a little unfairly, that the College did not fully appreciate him. He could hardly have avoided thinking that his election to the Governing Body at the age of forty-seven, after a long apprenticeship and only two years before his appointment as a University Reader, was somewhat overdue: particularly as the three Fellows next most senior to him had been elected at a much younger age and with little previous service to the College. It is hardly surprising that he never held the Governing Body in quite the same affection as he held the students. Yet he will be remembered with affection by Fellows of the College and by very many of his old students as a kindly, though sometimes acerbic, tutor and friend. John Wilks

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One of the last communications the college received from Percy O'Brien was the following letter written to the Master after the celebratory lunch in 1996. Members will note that the final sentence displays his characteristic banter. "Belatedly may I thank you, the College and pupils, for celebrating my 90th on the occasion of the Medical Lunch. I greatly enjoyed meeting old pupils especially those who were members of my staff. I was given a vast tome on betablockers by Dr Cruikshank. It astounds me the amount of print these old members can now generate compared with their meagre essays of yore. Once again thank you. Yours v. sincerely, J.R.P. O'Brien"

Crystal bowl presented to Percy O'Brien at the luncheon given in honour of his 90th birthday, 1996.

PERCY O'BRIEN: THE RESEARCH BIOCHEMIST Percy O'Brien in the Department of Biochemistry Percy came up to Pembroke in 1924 and read Chemistry. His research career began in the Department of Biochemistry and in the years 1932-38 he was part author of 12 full-length scientific papers in the Biochemical Journal. The most important related to thiamin (vitamin B1) in collaboration with the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry, Sir Rudolf Peters FRS (as he became) and H W Kinnersley. At this time a central problem in biochemistry was the nature of the mechanisms whereby tissues oxidized glucose to CO2 and water. It was gradually becoming clear that the 6 carbon component glucose was first degraded to the 3 carbon compound pyruvate, but the process whereby pyruvate was oxidized was totally obscure. At the turn of the century it had been shown that beri-beri, a disease which periodically affected thousands, mainly in the Far East, was a consequence of eating a diet consisting solely of polished rice and

that the inclusion of an aqueous extract, prepared from rice polishings, cured the disease. This immensely important observation was the first unambiguous demonstration of a vitamin deficiency. It was later shown that the curative factor present in rice polishings was widely distributed and that yeast was a particularly rich source. It was eventually isolated, its structure determined, and named thiamin or vitamin B1. It was Peters' great contribution to show that, in brain tissue obtained from pigeons made deficient in thiamin by feeding them on polished rice, the capacity to oxidize pyruvate was impaired and could be restored to normal by adding thiamin. Percy O'Brien's part in this very important problem was concerned with the isolation and crystallization of vitamin B1 from baker's yeast. To read these papers now is to realise how much biochemistry has changed - the past is indeed another country. The papers are compulsively readable - the style is elegant, almost unsensational. There is great emphasis on practical details - the purification procedure was inevitably empirical and the authors point out that "apparently minor variations of no obvious significance may nevertheless greatly reduce the yield". The yeast arrived in 71b bags and the usual procedure involved processing batches of 100 kg (2cwt.) to yield perhaps 50mg of crystals. The process took 14 days in all, but since, during this period, 3 workmen worked full-time for only 3 days, it was possible to process batches in tandem at a rate of 6cwt of yeast a week. Percy once calculated that he had personally processed about 5 tons of yeast. In one of the papers, X-ray crystallographic data is included, provided by Dorothy Crowfoot (later Hodgkin) and J D Bernal; and another contains the phrase "it is a melancholy fact that neither we, nor anyone else, has prepared crystals of pure thiamin from yeast". In fact it was shown in another laboratory (Lohmann and Schuster, 1937) that, in tissue, thiamin is present as the pyrophosphate and that this is the active form. In addition to working on thiamin Percy also collaborated in attempts to characterise other members of the B group of vitamins, notably with C W Carter, later Fellow of Queen's and a lifelong friend. The problems were of great complexity and the identification of these water-soluble vitamins and determining their structure and role in metabolism took decades and in some

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particulars is still incomplete. It is a measure of Percy's standing in this field that he was co-author with Peters of a review "The vitamin B group" in the Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 7, pp 305-324, 1938. PERCY O'BRIEN AND THE NUFFIELD DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY A pathology laboratory was first established in the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1913, at the insistence of Sir William Osler. The laboratories were next to the post-mortem room on the 3rd floor of the building, which forms the south side of the main entrance to the Infirmary (which was designed by Professor George Dreyer, Professor of Pathology, who designed the Dunn School). Biochemical investigations were however extremely limited and the subject was generally regarded as a minor branch of pathology. However, in 1924, when Dr A G Gibson (later Fellow of Merton), a physician and pathologist, directed the laboratory, Sir Rudolph Peters was appointed Honorary Consultant Biochemist coincidentally with his election to the Whitley Chair and in 1925 George Higgins joined the staff as a technician at the age of 15. He became largely responsible for carrying out the chemical tests. In 1936 Lord Nuffield added to previous benefactions with a gift of L2,000,000 to establish a post-graduate clinical school, and possibly an undergraduate school, at the Radcliffe Infirmary. In addition to creating chemical Chairs, departments of Pathology and of Clinical Biochemistry were also established. Sir Rudolph Peters, as honorary consultant, was the nominal head of the Department and in 1938, at the age of 32, Percy was appointed as the effective head, responsible for its day to day operations. At the time of his appointment, the existing laboratory was carrying out about 2000 estimations a year. These tests required considerable bench-top skills, there were on-going problems of specificity and sensitivity and various alternatives were continually being developed. Percy's background as a chemist made him a most appropriate appointment and indeed non-medical biochemists were appointed to similar positions elsewhere, for example, in Cambridge and at UCH. However, as Nuffield Biochemist, in addition to developing the service side of the laboratory, Percy was required to teach and

undertake research. The space made available to him consisted of one large room on the ground floor and a basement in the newly built Private Block. Later a hut was added but this space had to serve both service and research and furthermore the research space was shared with Professor L J Witts, who was the first Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine. This collaboration was the beginning in Oxford of the molecular approach to problems in clinical medicine. Witts was a superb clinician with research interests primarily in anaemia, particularly iron-deficiency anaemia, to which he had already made important contributions, and in pernicious anaemia. Percy's research was governed by what was possible - there were no animals in the early days, so the possibilities were blood, urine and faeces. He decided to study haemoglobin - its functions, its synthesis (which relates to the inherited diseases called porphyrias) and its degradation to bile pigments. The outbreak of war in 1939 severely hampered developments and the most that Percy was able to achieve was to appoint some technical staff. He did however supervise George Higgins for the degree of B.Sc. in 1941 and arranged his appointment as Hospital Biochemist with overall responsibilities for the routine laboratory in 1943. Research during the war years was limited - he collaborated with R G MacFarlane (later Fellow of All Souls) on the originator of the cascade theory of blood clotting, and on the standardization of haemoglobin estimation in terms of its oxygen and Fe content and spectra. He also collaborated with Peters and Professor H A Krebs, then Professor of Biochemistry at Sheffield, on studies of vitamin C deficiency. It was well established that vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy and that fresh fruit was an important source. However, the dose of vitamin C required to prevent disease was not known. The problem was potentially of great importance because, in wartime, fruit imports ceased and although synthetic vitamins were available in the US they were expensive. It was for this reason that school children collected rosehips from the hedgerows to make rosehip syrup. The experiments involved putting healthy volunteers - mainly conscientious objectors and medical students - on a diet deficient in vitamin C, and awaiting events. The results were published after the war in an MRC Special Report. It showed that although vitamin C disappeared

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from the plasma and from platelets, deleterious consequences were few. It is the case that the human requirement for vitamin C is still uncertain. After the war, the department began to expand, and with the advent of the NHS in 1948 funding became more secure and an adequate technical structure of Medical Laboratory Scientific Offices (MLSO) eventually developed. Percy always chose the senior technicians with great care and encouraged them, in addition to their routine duties, to carry out research. As far as his own research was concerned, he usually had 2 or 3 assistants and a graduate reading for a higher degree. For example, with Margaret Stanier (Somerville) quantative measurements were made of the urinary and faecal excretion of bilirubin and related compounds, the breakdown products of haemoglobin. With Drs E M and H M Jope, crystals of haemoglobin and several of its derivatives were prepared. These were examined by M F Perutz at Cambridge but unfortunately were not sufficiently ordered for detailed structural determination. Vitamin B12 metabolism in the rat was the title of the D.Phil. thesis of P Newmark who became Deputy Editor of Nature for many years and acid secretion by the frog stomach in vitro was studied by W H Bannister (Pembroke) who was a Rhodes Scholar and became Professor of Biochemistry in the University of Malta (until it was closed by Mintoft). Some idea of Percy's style as a research supervisor was given by the late Dr Keith Dalziel FRS, with whom Percy published 7 full papers in the Biochemical Journal. Keith had a remarkable career. He left school at the age of 14 and became a lab boy in the Victoria Memorial Jewish Hospital in Salford, literally as a bottle-washer. He studied at night and in 1944 took a First in Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics as an external student of London University. "I owe my career, such as it is, to Percy O'Brien. I was chosen by him from a short list of 4, partly I think because of my previous experience in clinical biochemistry and my First. Initially I carried out routine analyses but Percy encouraged me to undertake and study the kinetics of the deoxygenation of haemoglobin and arranged a full-time research post supported by the Nuffield Haematology Research Fund. I was much impressed by the sense of academic freedom in the laboratory. Professor Peters occasionally came over on a Saturday morning

and a great fuss was made [to get the lab very tidy?] We got on with our work and, although Percy was always available for advice, he did not interfere. The equipment was pretty poor - we had fluorimeters used in the study of porphyrins and I remember that we got a Beckmann spectrophotometer as soon as it came on the market. I think the main achievement was to design and build an improved constant flow method as opposed to the stopped flow method then in use. I look back with affection on the numerous occasions on which Percy called in the lab late in the evening, after tutoring in Pembroke, I think, and listened to my account of what I was doing, or made outrageous jokes. He was always good fun, provided I had nearly finished and the hour was not too late. It was a happy Department with many lighthearted moments. I remember one occasion on which Percy lost his bicycle from outside Pembroke and he came into the Department livid with anger to find his bicycle in pieces in his office. It transpired that a female student was responsible - rather an attractive one. A group of us decided that this insult would not be allowed to pass, so we dismembered her bicycle, and put it on the roof. Another happy memory is the Blood Club which consisted of Witts, Janet Vaughan (then Principal of Somerville), Percy, me and many others - we met in Somerville most weeks to discuss recently-published papers". Ultimately, Keith Dalziel became a University Reader in Biochemistry at Oxford, and a Fellow of Exeter College, where among the many undergraduates who clamoured to be tutored by him was our current Fellow in Biochemistry, John Knowland. The Sixties brought many changes. Percy was by now Reader in Clinical Biochemistry and in 1964, the Department moved into purpose-built accommodation on the top floor of the newly-built Gibson Laboratory. The Nuffield Department of Medicine acquired research space elsewhere and so the close links with Clinical Biochemistry were broken. The service side of the laboratory gradually became autonomous. This was due partly to the development of automated analysis (machines were developed that would carry out a dozen or more estimations on a single blood sample) and 'kits', which made possible the assay of hormones and other components of particular interest. The number of estimations carried out rapidly increased to over one million a year and the main problem was to ensure that this

Pembroke College Record

information was effectively utilised. For this reason a medically qualified clinical pathologist, Dr R H Wilkinson, was appointed and although Percy remained Head of Department, in practice responsibility for the service side moved elsewhere. On the research side the main changes were outside the Department. Up to the forties and fifties academic departments of medicine were, in effect, applying physiology. From the sixties onwards they were dominated by biochemists. A new kind of clinician emerged, some of whom (and Oxford has more than its fair share) are major scientists in their own right and more biochemical research was carried on outside the Department than in it. All this was due to the extraordinary growth of academic biochemistry - indeed the term became unfashionable and was replaced by molecular biology which in turn spawned molecular medicine and so on. Percy observed these changes and recognised their inevitability. He retired in 1977. He was a science don in the very best Oxford tradition in that he not only amply fulfilled his University duties and actively pursued research in many areas, but he was also devoted to his College and to the tutorial teaching and general concern for his undergraduates. He was succeeded as Head of Department by Professor Sir Philip Banks FRS whose main research interest was in the regulation of pyruvate metabolism.

ordination from Pope Paul VI. Retiring from pastoral work after an illness in his late 70s, he remained a priest whose veneration and admitted preference for the forms and practices of traditional Catholicism caused him to continue saying the traditional Latin Mass. This he did in St. Thomas's Church during weekdays, and at the Chapel of St. Ouen's Manor on Sundays. He continued to say the Latin Mass on Sunday at St. Ouen's Manor Chapel until ill health obliged him finally to discontinue last May. Arthur Hyne Amy was born in Jersey in 1904, where his father, Charles Vincent Amy, was a manufacturer's agent. He was educated at Victoria College, and as a keen shot, represented the College at Bisley. After College he went on to Pembroke College, Oxford [Co-Editor's note: He came up as a Morley Scholar and read Modern History, graduating in 1925]. Although he had been brought up, in his own words, as a pagan, he became a Catholic in his last year, and thought of becoming a priest. After a period of reflection, however, he embarked on a lay teaching career.

P.J.R. Phizackerley, Fellow and Tutor in Biochemistry, Balliol 1960-94

He taught mostly abroad. During the period 1930 to 1946 he was based in Cairo, where he taught at the English School, and he was also employed in a remote area of the Sudan as headmaster of a college run by the Catholic Verona Fathers. He was also an educational officer in Ghana.

ARTHUR HYNE AMY

His skill as a shot was useful in Sudan, where on one occasion he was able to shoot a lion, at the request of the villagers, which had been killing their livestock.

20 August 1904 - January 1999 The following obituary notice appeared in the Jersey Evening Post, 28th January 1999. Father Arthur Amy, who has died aged 94, was a Catholic priest who, during the years of his retirement, kept alive the celebration of the Tridentine (Traditional Latin) Mass in Jersey. A convert to Catholicism while at University, he was a formidable linguist, speaking nine languages with ease. He was throughout his working life a lay teacher, and it was only after his retirement and then death of his wife, Queenie, that he was ordained a priest at the age of 65, receiving a sacrament of

He had retired and was living in Bournemouth when his wife, whom he had been married to for 34 years, died. After her death he once again thought of becoming a priest, and accordingly travelled to Rome to study for the priesthood. Returning to the UK after ordination, he was the principal of a Verona Fathers school in Yorkshire, but felt called to do pastoral work. He became a curate of an Oxford parish before finally transferring to Jersey. The conclusion of his working life was spent in the Island of his birth, and until his final retirement in the early Eighties he was curate at St. Patrick's R.C. Church and also chaplain at Overdale.

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His love of the historic Tridentine rite was matched by that of traditional Catholic vestments, many of them hand-stitched and of costly materials, which he collected and wore for the celebration of Mass.

sons and a daughter and six grand-children.

Described as being well-read, erudite, and a keen traveller, he also had a keen - and more often politically incorrect - sense of humour.

11 March 1952 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 28 December 1999

Father Amy is survived by his nieces, Jill and Marna, who now live in Canada and the U.S.A. For the past 14 years he lived at the home of Tony and Maria Percy in Roussel Mews. DAVID AYLAND 13 December 1928 - 7 April 1999 David was born in Gloucestershire and went to Pembroke from The Crypt School, Gloucester in 1950 to read Modern History. On leaving Pembroke in 1953 he spent some time working for his father on the family farm. He then went into Professional Youth Work as a Field Officer, first in Surrey and then in Wiltshire, working also with the National Association of Youth Clubs. After studying for his Teaching Certificate he moved into Adult Education, becoming a Lecturer at Trowbridge Further Education College. He was responsible for training Youth Leaders and he also taught young people who were sent to the College by local employers to enhance and broaden their general education and life skills. In addition to his teaching, David was Training Adviser to Wiltshire County Council Youth Service. He took early retirement in 1989. Throughout his life he retained his love of cricket and rugby, playing cricket until an arthritic hip caused his retirement from the game at the age of 60. His prodigious leg-break bowling remains part of local cricket folklore. His other great interests were music, reading and gardening. He was organist at the local Methodist Church for over 30 years until a few weeks before his death. He died peacefully at home on 7 April 1999 after a courageous battle against cancer, leaving his wife Jennifer, two

FRANCIS ADRIAN BARKER Francis Barker, Professor in Literature at the University of Essex, died suddenly on 28th December 1999, after contracting pneumonia. He was 47. His unexpected death was a tremendous shock to his colleagues and students, and many friends at the University. His funeral took place on 12th January, followed by a reunion on campus. Francis was born in Southampton but grew up in Manchester, attending Manchester Grammar School. He was a student at Pembroke College in the early 1970s, taking his degree in English literature. In 1975 he went as a graduate student to the Department of Literature at Essex, where he was prominent in the student demonstrations of the mid-1970s, and was a member of the group that organised the Sociology of Literature conferences, the first of which took place in 1976. He was appointed as Lecturer in 1978, becoming Professor in 1994. Over the years he also held visiting appointments in Poland, Brazil and Germany. Francis's main intellectual interests were in the literature and culture of the early modern period, seen as the origin of western modernity. As an avowedly political critic, it was important to him that the effort to understand the seventeenth century was at the same time an effort to understand ourselves at the end of the twentieth. He belonged to a generation of critics who brought the insights of Marx, Foucault and Benjamin to bear on the texts of writers such as Shakespeare, Milton, Descartes and Hobbes. His first book, a study of Solzhenitsyn (1977), was followed by two books on early modern writing, The Tremulous Private Body: Essays on Subjection (1984) and The Culture of Violence: Essays on Tragedy and History (1993). He was also co-editor of 15 volumes of proceedings of the conferences he helped organise in Essex. Francis's most recent work, linking Descartes and Leibniz to his long-standing interest in science fiction, was proceeding under the working title, 'Breathing Simulcra: The Dream of the Artificial Man'.

Pembroke College Record

From 1993 to 1996 Francis was the last person to occupy the office of Dean of Students at Essex. He was an outstanding Dean and made many lasting friendships, especially among the patrol officers.

eight-year-old, away from home for the first time, one learned quickly from equal measures of natural instinct and entrenched opinion where the lines were drawn. A polite distance seemed mutually acceptable.

Francis was an inspiring teacher and a tireless campaigner for peace and justice in the world. He will be deeply missed by all who loved him.

Mr Bartlett ran the school shop, which in immediate postwar days was restricted to the practicalities of work-books (crested), dip-pen nibs - many were unable to afford fountain pens or had lost them! - rubbers and mathematical instruments. All these were dispensed with gravitas and thrift and recorded in a meticulous script, carefully rounded and upright. A graphologist might thus have read his character with the utmost accuracy....

Peter Hulme, Professor in Literature, University of Essex Co-editor's note: Francis served one term as President of the J.C.R. and as such attended the Annual College Society Dinner in Hall in October 1973. In those days it was the custom for the J.C.R. President to make a speech; a daunting task in the presence of 150 members, almost a third of whom had matriculated before the second World War (one indeed, before the First). Francis rose to the occasion manfully and I well recall his opening admission that the sight of the assembled representatives of so many generations of Pembrokians had revealed to him the existence of a dimension of the College's life which he had never before considered and whose importance he duly acknowledged.

GEOFFREY BARTLETT - A Memoir This is not a formal obituary, as I would have liked it to have been. The circumstances of its appearance in the Pembroke College Record are the result of sheer coincidence; a chance meeting when I least expected it. The obvious formalities of a career are, in the main, missing and even the date of death is uncertain: how could I dare to write anything at all.... My polite enquiries met with an interested silence and I knew, from thence, that it was up to me. But, then, Geoffrey Thomas Bartlett was a most unusual man. In retrospect he was undoubtedly one of the most gifted teachers of his generation, happy to immerse himself after the war in the life of a small west-country preparatory school. It was there, at St. Peter's, Weston-super-Mare, that I first made his acquaintance in the winter term of 1949. First impressions were intimidating but broadly favourable: as an

St Peter's had an interesting staff there was a permanent core, of whom Geoffrey Bartlett was senior master, and there was an exciting, sometimes eccentric, blend of young men waiting to go up to university the following year. Geoffrey Tolson, the Headmaster â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a Cambridge man â&#x20AC;&#x201D; had a sound judgement for spotting useful young men with academic and sporting gifts. No appointment was more astute than that of John Cleese, who had been a pupil at St Peter's and whose remarkable impersonations and quirky sense of fun had already convulsed those of us lucky enough to experience (probably the right word!) a great talent in the making. In a recent TV commercial put out by the Department of Education to lure prospective teachers into the profession - a roll-call, by the famous, of formative influences on their careers - Cleese is the first in line and Geoffrey Bartlett is his choice. A curiously unexpected catalyst to what I had in mind.... What G.T.B - "Barty" to his pupils, but never within earshot - made of his colleagues is, quite rightly, unrecorded. I hope he would have been kinder to Captain Hardcastle (not his proper name) who was so mercilessly portrayed by Roald Dahl in his autobiography Boy. The Captain, when I knew him, though still prone to irascible humours on a bad day, was an altogether gentler man: he had taught himself to play the piano. On a winter's night he would lock himself away in the darkened gymnasium and, with the aid of a battered upright, hammered out interminable choruses of "The Bells of St Mary's" which echoed eerily across the frosty playground and out on to the playing field below.

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Despite his degree, Geoffrey Bartlett taught Mathematics. Not my strong point. A pity, because he was a brilliant teacher and my contemporaries later attested to the painstaking way in which he first pointed them in the right direction and then pushed them to the limit of their capabilities. Languishing in a lower set, I was, very sadly, destined to escape his influence. That was until, one fateful September - I must have been just twelve - the appointed English master failed to appear and G.T B. was drafted in to teach us. For several quite magical months we read, and learned, 'proper' poetry: Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Tennyson, de la Mare and Milton. The sheer excitement of hearing Bartlett reading 'On First Looking into Chapman's Homer' was a revelation. Oh, the wonder of the words, those majestic rhythms! My imagination was fired. I just couldn't believe my luck. I moved on to Wellington, Somerset, and then to Pembroke to read English. By the time I returned to St Peter's, G.T.B. had moved on; I deeply regretted that he would never know what sparks he had kindled, and there was a sense of guilt. Some ten years later I went up to visit a very good friend, Abe Abraham ('60), back from Bombay for a spell and staying in West Kirby. Eager to show me the delights of The Wirral, Abe selected a double-decker route and we chatted continuously, much about Pembroke, on our circular tour. As the bus drew into the centre of town, my gaze was suddenly caught by a brisk figure emerging from a bank. The brown trilby and blue sports coat were absolutely unmistakable - Geoffrey Bartlett. The following morning, with the help of Abraham's landlady who, (by a remarkable stroke of good fortune), knew roughly where G.T.B. lived, I arrived at the entrance to a large mansion in the leafy suburbs. And there, in the middle of a great garden, I found him. He was tending a rockery of delicate alpines with the same care with which he had taught me their names: harebells and saxifrage, small lichens which burst into life as the snow melted for the briefest of respites. His greeting was unexpected and immediate. 'Good heavens! It's Coombes, with all the initials.... Did you go to sea?' He had remembered my passion for ships: Holt's Majestic Blue Funnel

liners with their classical names, Ellerman's City liners, Federal and Blue Star. I loved him for that instant recognition.... "No, I went to university. Oxford, to read English." We walked across the lawn and into his study through the French windows. `Which College did you go to?' I told him. 'Pembroke'. There was a short pause. 'That was my College too. I was at Pemmy!' It was my turn to be amazed. The collegiate bond unlocked a storehouse of happy memories for both of us. At last I was able to express my gratitude for his unexpected grounding in great literature. He seemed surprised but was obviously pleased. 'I am glad that you were happy at Pembroke too.' I was able to tell him of the inspirational teaching of Robert Browning, my English Tutor, whose loss immensely saddened me. I spoke of Douglas Gray, whose sociable nature and kindness are still remembered with affection. I took my leave, several sherries later, and returned to Abraham's digs full of gratitude for his invitation and the unlikely twist that it had brought about. The following morning we had a long discussion - in The Vines, on the Liverpool waterfront about fate and coincidence. Sadly, I have lost touch with Abe - more through time rather than neglect. I never saw Geoffrey Bartlett again.... May Geoffrey Thomas Bartlett rest in peace. He was, for those lucky enough to have been in his charge, the greatest schoolmaster of his generation. Nigel D.H.Q. Coombes

JANE BAXTER 19 February 1962 - 20 August 1998 Jane Baxter (nee Knaggs) died on August 20, 1998 at the tragically young age of 36, after a two year battle against cancer. Jane came up to Pembroke in 1980 to read History and Modern Languages and will be remembered by her

Pembroke College Record

contemporaries as someone with a sharp intellect and a strong sense of justice. She was always quick to challenge and was something of a champion for women's issues and the Third World. Whilst at Pembroke, Jane served for a year as JCR Secretary. After graduating in 1983 Jane joined the Inner London Education Authority, serving in a number of posts both in County Hall and the boroughs. In 1988, she decided to move to the sharp end of education and took a primary PGCE at Goldsmiths College. Jane spent her teaching career in the West Midlands, whilst living in beautiful Shropshire countryside near Bridgnorth. Jane was deeply committed to the children she taught and she had a natural ability to meet the needs of all. After leaving Oxford, Jane married Paul Baxter (1980) in 1985; they had two daughters - Sarah born in 1994 and Emily in 1995. Jane knew she was terminally ill from the point at which she was diagnosed, shortly after moving to Yorkshire in 1996. She faced her illness and two years of increasingly unpleasant treatment with humbling courage, determined to make the most of the time she had left to her, be it in her beloved garden, or on a memorable holiday in France in 1997. Jane also retained her interest in education, working part-time as Clerk to the Governors of Harrogate Grammar School in between hospital stays. Jane was a remarkable woman whose death represents an untimely blow both to the teaching profession and her family; she wanted so much to support her children as they grew up. Jane is greatly missed by them and her friends, many of whom attended a very special funeral service in Harrogate, after which she was buried in a small country churchyard overlooking Plymouth Sound.

PHEROZE RUSTOMJEE BHARUCHA 28 March 1899 - 8 June 1999 Pheroze was born at Bharuch, a port known in ancient times as Barygaza or Bhrigucutch, from which ships carrying rich cargoes went to far off countries. However, he soon came to Bombay where the family resided and where his father carried on his legal profession. Pheroze matriculated from Master's Tutorial High School in 1915 - a year too early for admission to any college. He joined Wilson College (Scottish Missionary Institution) a year later and graduated in English and French Literature in 1919. As the eldest of four sons, he was the first to go abroad for further studies and graduated (with Honours) from Pembroke College in 1924. He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1926. Later he worked with Sir Patrick Geddes, the Sociologist and Townplanner, in France for two years. On returning to Bombay, Pheroze joined Mr. Bhulabhai Desai's Chamber and started practising at the Bombay High Court Bar, mostly on the civil side. Perhaps due to his close association with Mr. Bhulabhai Desai, who had already started working with Mahatma Gandhi in the independence movement, Pheroze was gradually drawn into the movement and worked for the boycott of foreign goods and with the editing of the Congress Bulletin, Bombay. He was finally arrested with two other Barrister friends in January 1933 and tried and convicted by the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Bombay to one year's rigorous imprisonment which was spent in the Nasik Road Central Prison, along with Congress stalwarts like Bhulabhai Desai, Morarji Desai, Jaiprakash Narain, Minoo Masani and many others. However, being political prisoners (apart from the food they received) they were reasonably well treated and were allowed to ask for certain items from their homes, including books. They were also allowed to exercise and play games in the jail compound - that is where Pheroze damaged his knee, trying long jump. The reading material was passed from person to person and amongst the books was 1066 and All That which gaVe a good deal of amusement to most of the prisoners. One of their co-inmates was familiar with English history but not so familiar

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with British humour and read the book through with a very puzzled expression on his face and finally commented, 'I don't think they have their facts right'. The hilarity caused by this comment was as great as that from reading the book itself.

interested in history and loved literature and music, particularly the music of Handel. He was a man of integrity and character, soft-spoken and charming, convivial and always gracious'.

On returning from serving their term of imprisonment, Pheroze managed to carry out with him the prison number â&#x20AC;&#x201D; and name-tag, which now graces the showcase in our home.

ROBERT NICHOLAS BIBBY-TREVOR

The Advocate General of Bombay initiated proceedings against the three lawyers under the Bar Council Act for misconduct which, according to him, consisted in deliberately breaking the law although being lawyers themselves. The High Court Bench of three judges (presided over by Sir John Beaumont, the ChiefJustice) which tried the case, decided that though technically speaking their conduct might amount to misconduct under the law, there was no need to take any action against them. The Advocate General went in appeal to the Privy Council against this judgment, but without success. From 1945 to 1950, Pheroze was member and later President of the Calcutta First Special Tribunal, trying numerous corruption cases against contractors of war supplies to the Government of India War Department during the Second World War.

9 February 1907 - 7 September 1988 Born on February 9, 1907, Robert was the second of four sons all of whom were educated at Liverpool College. He entered Pembroke in 1925 to read Law. As a child, he had accompanied his father around the championship golf courses of Lancashire - particularly Royal Lytham and Hoylake - so he soon became a leading figure in undergraduate competitions. He was also a polished scrum-half. But as with many of his generation he was fascinated by the internal combustion engine and the freedom it gave to people. At 17 he acquired a motor cycle (no tests in those days) and during the long vacations he travelled throughout the highways and byways of western Europe in a way that would have been unheard of just 15 years or so earlier. He saw Italy rising under Mussolini and the Fascists long before most, and in Germany he glimpsed the metamorphosis of the Nazi movement in Bavaria.

Pheroze's special interests were French language and literature, but he also knew Latin and had started studying modern Greek and had a large collection of books, some rare or first editions. He was connected with the hundred-year-old French literary society - the Cercle Litteraire and the Bibliotheque Dinshah Petit, Bart. Pheroze's collection of French books will be donated to this library.

On going down in 1928, Robert moved to London and was called to the Bar. He entered chambers at 2, Dr. Johnson's Buildings, across the footpath from the Temple. (Co-incidentally, Dr. Johnson was a Pembroke man.)

Pheroze was a good raconteur and his narration of old Parsi customs was delightful, e.g. at family weddings or receptions, a younger member of the family had to stand at the gate with a bag of petty cash to pay off the drivers of the hired cabs in which the guests arrived. Those invitees who could not attend the function were sent the meal to their home including a pint of brandy or rum. A pity he never wrote down these customs as he was urged to do.

When war came in 1939, Robert left the cloistered walls of the Inner Temple to join the XXIV Lancers, where he could again pursue his interest in combustion engines - this time in tanks. But he was soon making his name as a battle-dressed defender at courts martial and in civilian trials.

A good friend, Professor Sheriyar Ookajee has summed up Pheroze's qualities of head and heart thus: Tharucha was deeply

In 1934 he married Evelyn John, who had gone to London from Merthyr Tydfil, and they had two children, Robert and Ruth.

Too old to take a commission in the Lancers, Robert transferred to the Royal Artillery and served in Africa before being demobilised after the war with the substantive rank of Captain.

Pembroke College Record

The family settled in Dartmouth Park Hill, just down from Highgate Village, where Mrs. Bibby-Trevor still resides, and he returned to the Inner Temple to continue his practice as a defence counsel. He finally retired after a successful case at the Old Bailey in 1986 when he was 79. Asked why he had decided to give up his cherished, much-loved career, he replied simply: 'The memory. Not too good these days. I have to write everything down'. Robert never had to wear glasses and was reading the daily newspapers and watching TV news until the last few months of his life. His mind remained sound for the most part but frailty became the big problem during those final months. He died after a short stay at the Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, on September 7, 1998, at the age of 91 and six months, leaving his wife of 64 years and his son and daughter to mourn him along with four grandchildren and ten great grandchildren. R. W. Trevor

KEITH ALASTAIR BROWN 5 December 1933 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 15 October 1997 The following obituary notice appeared in The Old Roffensian in December 1997. `In September this year Keith Brown suffered a heart attack and died on the 15th October, 1997. He had not been in the best of health for some time, but with his lingering sporting image and outdoor way of life the news of his death came as a terrible shock, leaving everyone devastated. After Keith's funeral and burial in Chatham, a thanksgiving service was held at Rochester which brought together a large congregation at the Baptist Church, Crow Lane on the 23rd October. Tributes were paid by Dr. Ian Walker and the Rev. John Crew whilst the Rev. Geoffrey Breed gave the address. Those present heard details of Keith's education, National Service, love of sport and career, all bound up in his concern for others.

A picture developed of a kind, considerate and genuine person, certainly recognised by members of the common room who considered themselves very fortunate in having such a good friend and colleague. As the headmaster said, he was loved. Past and present members of House and School joined with family and friends, including Borstal Baptist Church, to underline Dr. Walker's words and offer thanks for Keith's life and good works. Angus and Alastair read lessons, David Oldbury and Gavin Williams played the organ and the kind ladies of the churches provided the refreshments'. Keith was educated at the Crypt School, Gloucester and Pembroke College, Oxford where he read Geography. Always a keen and accomplished sportsman he represented his school at hockey, cricket, tennis and athletics. He played for the University Occasionals at hockey and was awarded college colours for rugby, hockey and tennis. During National Service Keith served in the Intelligence Corps which made him a perfect candidate for a commission in the School CCF. I have many happy memories of times spent in his company at corps camp. Following National Service Keith spent three years working for the Overseas Civil Service in Tanganyika, before returning to England to complete successfully a Diploma in Education at the Oxford University Department of Education. There followed a three-year period of teaching geography at Laxton School, Oundle before taking up an appointment at King's School, Rochester as head of geography in 1964. During the next 32 years Keith immersed himself in all areas of school life. Besides, of course, teaching he was Master i/c Hockey (1964-1973), 2nd XI Hockey (1974-1996), 2nd XI Cricket, (1964-96) various rugger sides (1964-96) and Master i/c Tennis (1969-96). Apart from the CCF, Keith was involved in a wide range of extracurricular activities such as the Geographical Society, Justus Fellowship (including weekend camps), Scripture Union, Geographical Field Trips (Snowdonia, Costswolds, Devon, Brecon Beacons, Shrewsbury and Swanage). He also instigated King's participation in the Oxford Hockey Festival and the tennis championships at Eton. After many years serving on the Senior

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Common Room Committee, in 1995 he was appointed chairman. Between 1968 and 1983 Keith was housemaster of School House for a record 15 years. During this time his Roffensian sons Angus and Alastair grew up in the House which was managed on the domestic side by his wife Maureen. Together they ran School House as an extension of their own family and it was a measure of their successful years at the end of the Vines that so many Old Roffensians of School House returned to attend the recent ORS Dinner when Keith and Maureen were guests of honour. With his dedication to school and church Keith set the highest standards and his gentlemanly Christianity was persuasive by example rather than words. Keith would have approved, I'm sure, of the Rev. Crewe's reference to 'going home', with its gentle message of joy rather than sorrow. Sadly, of course, in spite of such faith, there is still the loss and with Keith only one year into retirement. To Maureen, Angus, Alastair and the family we extend our love and sympathy, together with Keith's chosen words: You have made known t;ne the path of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence, with eternal pleasures at your right hand. Psalm 16 v11 Brian Nolan

EDWARD PHILIP CALVERT 11 October 1906- 27 February 1999 Philip Calvert passed on at the great age of 92 years, and had kept in touch with the College to the end of his days. He came up to Pembroke as a 'freshman' in 1925 having completed his schooling at St George's School, Harpenden. He had made up his mind to read Rural Economy to the slight disappointment of his father who wished him to read History. However, his mind was set as he said that Rural Economy would be much more use to him in the career which

he wished to follow. Whilst at Oxford he joined the University Mountaineering Club and was life member. He had two great friends whom he first met as a 'freshman': Eric Lobb of Pembroke College and F. Campos Menendez of Wadham College. After graduating in 1928 he kept in touch with the College and attended the College Society Annual Dinners in his twilight years with Eric Lobb. More recently he visited the College in 1993, and attended the celebration concert and reception in recognition of the restoration of the grand piano in the Sir Geoffrey Arthur Building. Following his graduation he ran the small farm at home in Illingworth, Halifax, whilst learning the trade of his father's business in the wool trade as a worsted spinner. During this time he was secretary, for four years, to the Northern and Yorkshire Counties Friesian Breeders Club. In 1936 he and a friend, Harry Dyne, purchased an auctioneers and estate agents business at Hexham in Northumberland. He had flare and aptitude for this work which brought him into contact with the world of antiques, an interest which he held, enthusiastically, to the end of his days. Soon after marriage he moved to live in Cumbria where he farmed for 24 years. He had a fine intuition into the breeding of pedigree cattle, on which he wrote, and established pedigree herds of British Friesian, Hereford, Galloway and Belted Galloway. He exhibited and judged at both the Royal Highland and Royal Shows as well as local shows in Cumbria and won many prizes. He was a founder member and first secretary of the Border Counties British Friesian Breeders Club. In 1966 he retired from farming in Cumbria and returned with his wife to live in Yorkshire. He still maintained his farming interests whilst returning to the family worsted spinning mill at Halifax which he managed for four years until its closure in 1970. He inherited from his mother a love of art and was, himself, a talented painter. He also had a great love of poetry with a remarkable retentive memory for such. He had the gift of writing poetry. He wrote poems on many subjects and for people whom he thought would appreciate them. He held firm Christian beliefs and had a wonderful insight

Pembroke College Record

into all aspects of God's Creation. He followed the proverb of seeing and believing in Nature through his eyes, feeling Nature in his heart, and being bold enough to live Nature throughout his life. In doing so he lived a long, full and varied life, often stating that, in spite of the difficulties he encountered, he had enjoyed every minute of it. He mentioned that he had no regrets and would have done nothing different under his earthly circumstances. He passed on, peacefully, in his own home, as he wished, and is survived by his son.

went before the Recruitment Board of the local Civil Service. He was offered a lowly office job in the Inland Revenue. He wanted to be a 'man in the pew' for a change. He found colleagues wanting pastoral care as they searched him out after work. He found his short time as a civil servant an extension of his ministry and very rewarding. Eight years ago he had to stop everything. He had Alzheimer's Disease. He was cared for at home until the last six weeks of his life. He died on 5 July 1999 leaving his wife, daughter and three grandsons.

RONALD BIRCH CARNLEY 16 June 1918 - 5 July 1999

JOHN BENJAMIN ALLAN EVANS

Ronald was educated at Harrow, Pembroke College, Oxford and Cuddesdon Theological College.

1913 - 1989

After two years at Oxford, World War II broke out. He went before the Oxford Recruiting Board and joined the army in the RASC. In 1940 he served in France, and was evacuated at Dunkirk. He was promoted to Captain and was at the Normandy Landings. Later posted as Staff Captain to Tobruk HQ, and Syria. Demobbed in 1946 he returned to Pembroke College. Having got his degree he went to Cuddesdon Theological College. He was ordained in Worcester Cathedral in 1950. His curacies were at the Parish Church, Kidderminster and Halesowen. In 1954 he was offered the living of Lydiard Millicent and Lydiard Tregoz in Wiltshire. These livings were in the gift of Pembroke College. While he was there he was responsible for uniting the two parishes into a joint benefice. He was the first Rector of Lydiard Millicent with Lydiard Tregoz. He married in 1957 Valerie Mieville. They had a daughter in 1958 and moved to the benefice of St Luke Matfield, near Tonbridge, Kent in 1960. After 18 years at Matfield, Ronald retired at the age of sixty. He was the last Vicar of Matfield. The parish was joined to Lamberhurst after he left. He moved to Tunbridge Wells. He was licenced for Chichester Diocese and Rochester Diocese, and was very busy taking services in Sussex and Kent. But he also

Allan Evans came up to Pembroke from Llandovery College in 1931. At the outbreak of war he was Manager of the Plaza Cinema in Swansea. The war years were spent in the RAF as an Armourer. Three years in the Middle East then home from Italy in 1945. Allan had always been interested in farming but in the 'thirties' this was not encouraged as it was a period of great depression in agriculture. However, now he was able to pursue that interest and after guidance from his father-in-law took over the management of the farm. Sport was another great interest and until his last year he would be up in Cardiff or farther afield to cheer on the Welsh Rugby teams. He leaves his wife, Dilys, and two sons, John and Philip.

WILLIAM FISHER 6 November 1928 - 28 August 1999 William Fisher, Bill to family and friends, was born in Lancaster on 6 November 1928. Educated at the Royal Lancaster Grammar School, in 1947 he was offered an Exhibition to Cambridge and a Scholarship to Oxford. Accepting the latter he

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went up to Pembroke in 1949 after completing two years of National Service. Bill's chosen course of study was Greats. Upon gaining his degree he commenced a management career in the textile industry, starting work with the Calico Printers Association in Manchester in 1953. He survived progressive mergers of companies for some thirty years, as the indigenous industry continued to contract, until taking early retirement in his midfifties. His private manner and regulated approach to daily life belied the emotional and intellectual richness that lay under the surface. He took genuine interest and quiet pride in the developing (particularly academic) fortunes of children (one of whom followed him to Pembroke 23 years later), step-children and grandchildren. He was an ever-present source of thoughtful advice for friends and family if needed. Bill's academic ability, studious nature and the benefit of a classical education at Oxford were qualities that enriched his retirement years. He was an avid reader and followed current events closely. Rarely short of a well-informed and considered opinion, he was always at his most animated on those occasions when, engaged upon intelligent discussion and reasoned argument, the inner man would take centre stage for a while before withdrawing quietly to the wings! The contrasting aspects of Bill's quiet exterior and inner richness are those facets of the man that those who knew him will most miss.

rugby team on a good many occasions. He played a few times for the Oxford University side, but he did not pursue it - perhaps the demands of his work conflicted with the training programme; perhaps he was beginning to feel his years. Nonetheless, he played in the Pembroke side from time to time; with a couple more like him, we would have cleaned up every team in Cuppers. But Julian was a gentle giant; and I have a particular reason to be grateful to him. Very late one night I was attacked by the most violent stomach pains. Julian quickly got up, correctly diagnosed the cause and saw to it that I was immediately admitted to the Radcliffe. That is not the sort of thing one forgets. I assume Julian died in South Africa. I am sure the ending of the old regime delighted him and I hope it made his own ending as happy as he deserved. Bob Manthorp

SIMON HARROLD 12 January 1949 - 2 January 1998 Simon Harrold came up to Pembroke from William Hulme's Grammar School, Manchester in 1967 and read P.P.E. His eventual vocation, however, proved to be that of a teacher of mathematics and he spent much of the last decade of his life at the Kimble Union Academy, a mixed boarding school in Meriden, New Hampshire, where he became head of his department.

3 March 1929 - 23 September 1997

Following Simon's death from cancer, his brother, Peter (1971), and his sister have founded a trust in his name to support the development of mathematics at the School

I saw the notice of the death of Julian Handler in the last Record and I feel he deserves a little obituary.

THOMAS WILLIAM JONES

JULIAN JOSEPH HANDLER

I have no idea how old he was when he arrived at Pembroke; he felt a generation older than the rest of us â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 30-something though, I would guess. Julian had already qualified as a doctor in South Africa; he left largely because he could not stand apartheid. Built on a massive scale, he had played for the Springbok

13 May 1921 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 8 September 1998 Thomas William (Bill) Jones died on September 8th 1998, and was interred at St John the Baptist, Eton Wick, Berkshire. Born in Swansea, Glamorgan, he went to St Michael's School, Llanelli, briefly attending Swansea University in 1939 prior to being called

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into the army. He served in the Royal Artillery with distinction (1940-45), seeing action in the campaigns in North Africa, Sicily and the Normandy landings. Once demobilized he came up to Oxford to read English in January 1946. He met and married his wife Marjorie whilst at Pembroke. They attended a royal garden party at Buckingham Palace in 1997 upon the occasion of the Queen's and their 50th wedding anniversary. Much of Bill's working career found him connected with the Thames downstream of Oxford, including time as a schoolmaster in Windsor, an administrator with the Port of London Authority and latterly in international banking with National Westminster Bank. He maintained a lifelong interest in a variety of sports, played club cricket, including captaining the Windsor and Eton 1st XI and avidly followed international and county cricket, particularly the variable fortunes of Glamorgan. He also had keen interests in both soccer and Rugby football. As a former gunner he supported the Arsenal and rarely missed an opportunity to attend the Varsity match or a Welsh international game. Upon retiring in 1986, Bill's enjoyment of sport continued unabated. He became honorary secretary to Eton Wick Soccer club and Club President in 1994. He was a passionate golfer, playing courses as far afield as the islands of Hawaii. He is survived by his wife of 51 years, Marjorie, and three sons Vaughan, Simon and Mark and their families including four grandchildren.

EDWARD LEE 11 November 1913 - 2 December 1999 Lee was born in Bradford and educated at Repton and Pembroke College. He went to Pembroke in 1931 to read Forestry but switched to French having been sent to Heidelberg and to Neuchatel for his school holidays to learn the languages. Leaving Pembroke in 1934 he took the equivalent of a gap year by buying a two-year round-the-world ticket which allowed him to break his journey where and as often as he liked. Armed with this ticket he worked with cattle in Ontario and on a wheat farm

in Alberta, Canada; worked on a fishing boat out of British Columbia to the Queen Charlotte Islands; visited Hawaii and then sheep stations in the Wairarapa, New Zealand and Queensland, Australia. He then went to South Africa and saw farming in Swaziland and Rhodesia before returning home as his ticket was expiring. After 2 months in England he went back out to Uganda to study coffee growing with a view to returning to Hawaii and buying a coffee plantation there. In the meantime he managed some big game shooting and also to obtain plants for a collector in England. One letter thanked him for some plants, and sent him Z5 to help defray the expenses of his safari. In 1937 he returned to Hawaii but because of the low coffee prices, he opted to work for the Maui Pineapple Company. At the outbreak of war he returned to England and in 1940 was commissioned into the Black Watch. He was posted to Crete. During the course of the battle for Crete, Lee and his detachment were cut off by fresh parachute landings and so made their way south where they joined up with other British and Australians to take a landing craft on which they sailed for North Africa. Three hours out the landing craft was approached by an Italian submarine which took off all the officers as prisoners except Lee who was attending another badly wounded Australian officer. Before they could get up the submarine dived. So after travelling north briefly as ordered by the Italians, they reset their course south and arrived in Mersa Matruh (Egypt) after two days and with very little petrol left. He then rejoined his battalion and took part in the capture of Damascus and Syria from the Vichy French, and also in the breakout at Tobruk where he was wounded. Lee spent the remaining two years of the war in India where he saw action in the Arakan (Burma) battles. He also managed to do some big game hunting there and to meet his wife Joyce who was working for American radio under the nom de plume ofJudy Russell. They were married in the Cathedral in Calcutta in 1945. After demobilisation with the rank of Major, Lee and his wife went back to Hawaii where he was appointed resident manager of a cattle ranch in the island of Maui. They stayed in Maui until 1950 when exchange controls in England began to make the movement of capital very difficult outside the sterling area.

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In consequence of this, the Lees moved to South Africa where they bought a farm in the Cape Province and Ted farmed while Joyce raised pedigree alsatian dogs. This farm was sold in 1969 by which time Lee was managing an estate for the de Saumarez family. This he continued to do, even from their retirement home in Hermanus, almost until his death in December. His wife predeceased him by two years. A man of wide interests, a dry sense of humour and enormous integrity, he is much missed by all who knew him.

MICHAEL JOHN LONG 11 March 1919 - 17 September 1999 Dr John Long died at Wardington House Nursing Home at the age of 80. He came up to Pembroke from Ampleforth College in 1938 and during his time in Oxford obtained a wartime Rugby Blue. On qualifying as a doctor he enlisted in the RNVR. This was a somewhat surprising choice as several generations of the family had served in the Durham Light Infantry. But at that time of the Second World War the Royal Navy was very short of doctors to assist in the Atlantic and Russian convoys. His first convoy was something of a baptism of fire and he became very ill himself with seasickness. He had to perform his first operation during a U-boat attack. Having successfully performed the task he was subsequently never seasick again! At the end of the War he came to Banbury and joined the West Bar medical practice as a junior partner, living with his family in a flat over the surgery. In time he took a leading role in the planning and development of the present Surgery and was Senior Partner when he retired in 1979. During his professional life he saw the NHS develop through many reforms and changes of Government. He was the doctor to Bloxham School during the time of headmasters Thompson and Seymour, doctor to Tudor Hall School, and company doctor to Mean for many years, as well as attending as doctor to several local point-topoints. In 1963 he and his wife and family moved to Bloxham. He played an active part in village life, becoming a churchwarden, a

Feoffee and latterly President of the Royal British Legion. Whilst doctor of Bloxham School he encouraged the boys to sail and took them to learn their skills at the Banbury Sailing Club of which he was a founding member. He was a keen country sportsman and enjoyed all outdoor pursuits in the Oxfordshire countryside, which he loved. He is survived by his widow, Judy, their two sons, Martin and David, and four grandchildren.

CLIVE HALE MOGFORD 28 November 1942 — 9 September 1998 Clive Mogford died on 9 September 1998, following a year-long illness. Clive arrived at Pembroke College in October 1962 as an Ashmore Open Scholar. He grew up in Doncaster in Yorkshire and attended Doncaster Grammar School. Denis Lyons, who was also at Pembroke, recalled their time at university at the memorial service: `Clive and I arrived at Pembroke College on the same day. We met and hit it off immediately. We had a lot in common...He played squash as I did. He loved French language and literature, as I did. The only differences were that Clive's University level squash was sensational. ...[and his] French language skills were exceptional. Mine were just good. We both loved Oxford — and Pembroke in particular. We were both in awe of and inspired by the same French tutor, the legendary, brilliant and colourful, Robert Baldick. We both came away from his tutorials... reminded of why we struggled so hard to squeeze our studies into our busy social schedules'. Those who knew Clive were always struck by his enjoyment of life. He was articulate and had a huge sense of humour coupled with a greater sense of the ridiculous. He enjoyed seeing new places, eating well, going to the opera, the theatre and he was known for entertaining his guests with great personal style and charm. He took life seriously but even its more difficult moments did not get him down. He rose above adversity —

Pembroke College Record

including his illness — by making light of it. At his memorial service, his daughter quoted a poem by Ogden Nash which reminded her of him: `I would all live my life in nonchalance and with insouciance Were it not for making a living, which is rather a nouciance.' Hence, he joined the British Council — in 1966. In 1967, he was posted as assistant representative of the British Council to Belgium, a posting which he enjoyed enormously. Not only was the work interesting but he found time to pursue his interest in Flemish art and French literature. He translated Marcel Proust's From Realism to Surrealism. In 1972, he was posted to India — to New Delhi — which marked a turning point in his life and was the start of a lifelong passion for India and all things Indian — food, music and culture. As his wife, Arpita, came from Calcutta, he visited India, and in particular Calcutta, as often as he could. Over the years he mastered a working knowledge of Bengali — much to the amusement of his Bengali relatives. After his posting to India, the next fifteen years were spent as Director of the British Council's representatives in the UAE, Cameroon, Cyprus and Saudi Arabia as well as in various posts at its headquarters in London. In each of his posts he ran a successful and happy ship, much loved by his staff. Tributes poured in from those who had worked with him. One colleague said, 'Clive was a thoroughgoing Council manager. He had vision for his operation; he planned and managed his plans through to fruition. He consulted widely and consistently with his team and took the trouble to involve his staff. Another said, `To each of the posts he occupied he brought a distinctive personal style: humanity, an insouciance, and aplomb'. Apparently 'with Clive, even checking the accounts could be fun'. Clive was thoughtful, kind, generous and tolerant. He made a great effort to know the people of the countries where he lived and learn about their cultures. He was ideally suited to the old style British Council — compared recently by a former colleague to a film with John Mills or Trevor Howard. The new British Council, more like a Quentin Tarantino film with a Reservoir

Dogs environment, did not suit Clive at all. He wanted to spend more time working for the reasons that he had joined the British Council — to promote British education and culture — rather than bowing to the mandarins of the Foreign Office which was increasingly controlling the finances and thus the work of the Council. So he retired in 1995. His 'retirement' was spent as Director of Education at the Association of Business Executives. He was to take over as chief executive when he was diagnosed with cancer. He died a year later, following a difficult and painful time during which he still made everyone laugh. He is survived by his wife and daughter, both of whom miss him greatly, as will his great army of friends from Pembroke and from around the world. Maddie Mogford

WILLIAM MONK 24 March 1912 — 16 January 1999 Bill came up to Pembroke from King Henry VIII School Coventry in 1930 to read History. He was already a keen athlete and rugby player but was persuaded by friends to take up rowing and was always proud to tell how they reached third on the river, the highest position reached by a Pembroke 1st VIII until the recent successful run. He was also a keen jazz musician, playing clarinet and sax with the Bandits, the university jazz band, and forming his own band in Coventry when he left college to join the family business. This was quite a successful semi-professional band on radio and at functions in the Midlands until the early '50s and won the Melody Maker All-England Jazz Band competition with Bill's own composition in 1942. When the family business sold out to Courtaulds, he worked for them until retirement. Bill remained a keen follower of the College's fortunes and was pleased to see each of his three sons go to Pembroke, followed to date by one grandson and a granddaughter. This last caused him some amusement as he recalled his cousin at St Hilda's who could only visit him in college between 10 o'clock

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and 4 and then only with a chaperone! A few years ago he was enticed up to Eights Week to see Pembroke go second on the river and was delighted to meet the Master, Sir Roger Bannister, as well as an old friend who had actually been in the same 1st VIII over sixty years previously and whom he had not seen since.

HERBERT BLACKALL MORGAN 6 June 1919 - 30 December 1999 Born in Harbour Deep, Newfoundland, Canada, Herbert Morgan graduated from Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia in 1939 and joined the RAF, serving as a fighter pilot in Great Britain, the Middle East and Europe before being discharged as a Flight Lieutenant in 1946. In that year he was elected Rhodes Scholar and in 1947 came up to Pembroke where he read law. He was admitted to the Bar of England and Wales and to the Bar of Newfoundland in 1950. He practised law from 1950 and was with Parsons and Morgan from 1952-75. He was a Bencher of the Law Society from 1972-75, was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1972, Judge of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland in May 1975, and elevated to the Court of Appeal in July 1975. He taught navigation and flight theory to air cadets for many years and was President of the 150 Wing of the Canadian Air Force Association. He served as honorary solicitor to the Royal Canadian Legion and was awarded the Legion's Order of Merit. He was pensions advocate and district solicitor for the Department of Veteran's Affairs, and for many years, a member of the Board of Governors of the Canadian Corps of Commissionaires. From 1994 to 1997 he served as Honorary Colonel to 5 Wing, 444 (CS) Squadron Goose Bay, Canadian Air Command. He died on December 30, 1999 and was survived by his wife Betty, children Christina, Christopher and Timothy, brother Gerald and sisters Margaret and Maude.

MARK MARRIETTE PLUMMER 3 November 1914 - 24 June 1998 He was always asthmatic and bronchitic, yet he was the hardest worker I have ever known, spending twenty years in retirement

restoring an old Guernsey farmhouse and its garden. He was a true scholar and would have blossomed in an academic atmosphere, but he took work that he hated so that we could get married and buy our own house and stuck to it after the War until our daughters had all been well educated. During these years on his annual holiday he drove us all over Europe, showing the girls the great cathedrals of Spain, the marvels of the Italian cities, the mountains of Switzerland and Austria; 5,000 miles in three weeks so that we could tour Morocco and visit Marrakech with its souks and minarets. All this became part of our daughters' lives, because of him; and all the time he opened windows of the mind for them, sharing his own wide knowledge of history and philosophy and teaching them to think and evaluate. He was a wonderful husband and we had fifty-nine years of happy marriage. Margaret Plummer

FREDERIC GEORGE RAWCLIFFE 25 December 1915 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 7 November 1999 Frederic George Rawcliffe was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, the son of the Rev and Mrs F A Rawcliffe. In 1921 the family moved to Slaidburn in Yorkshire and in 1924 to Horton-inRibblesdale where his father was Rector. He attended Giggleswick School as a day boy and later as a boarder, where his interests were swimming, shooting, pot-holing and the O.T.C. Frederic won a scholarship to Pembroke College, Oxford in Classics where his interests were rowing and choral singing. He took part in a performance of The Dream of Gerontius. He gained an Honours Degree in Literae Humaniories in 1938. He was employed by H J Heinz in London until volunteering for the army. In March 1940 he joined the Royal Corps of Signals and attended the O.C.T.U. at Catterick to become an officer. Later, he instructed at O.C.T.U. in electricity and magnetism and in Radio and Telephone communications. With his Lines of Communication Unit he landed in Normandy

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on D+1 and at demobilisation in 1946 was a Major in Brussels where he was mentioned in Despatches. After gaining a Diploma of Education at London University he taught Classics for five years at Leamington College for Boys and twenty-six years at Dr Challoner's Grammar School at Amersham in Buckinghamshire. He had chosen to teach in a coeducational school but with the increase in numbers the boys and the girls were separated. His after-school activities included producing plays and taking parties of boys and girls on the Norfolk Broads for a week to learn sailing. For the last five years he was Deputy Head of the School. Mr John Lonridge who was Head Master when he left wrote the following about him, `He was a gentle, kind, caring and cultured colleague who worked assiduously for everyone at Challoners. He cared for the boys. He loved his teaching and he was a sympathetic and supportive colleague. I so much valued his continued support for the school long after he retired'. He is survived by his wife, Joan, whom he married in June 1940 and by his son, Antony Nicholas, and daughter, Charlotte Anne. His younger daughter, Francesca Jane, died at the age of seven in 1958.

IAN RAWLINS 8 September 1946 - 25 February 1999 I had known Ian since we both matriculated at Pembroke, studying Mathematics, in 1965. We were friends through the next three years, most memorably in honing our bridge-playing skills and also for a four-week holiday together with Dick Hugh (1965) in Greece in 1966. We had, however, lost touch until reunited fairly recently through an e-mail message that Ian sent to Steve Duck (1965) in Iowa, who forwarded it to me. I live in Huddersfield, and Ian taught at the University there. We subsequently spent several evenings together, along with our wives, the latest on 5 February 1999 (a quiz evening at the Swan Inn, near his home in Dobcross). Ian's early years were spent in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, along with his three brothers and a sister. Later the family moved to Northamptonshire and it was from Wellingborough Grammar School that he came to Pembroke as an Exhibitioner. He graduated as BA Mathematics (2nd class) in 1968 and received his MA in 1972. Ian had no particular career in view on leaving University and spent some time in actuarial training, followed by a period teaching at his old school in Wellingborough. He then decided to improve his qualifications by doing an MSc in Probability and Statistics at the University of Sheffield. This was followed by six years in local authority planning departments in Cleveland and Cheshire where he developed his expertise in the design and analysis of statistical research projects. At Pembroke Ian had also been deeply involved in charitable work, particularly in the local Toc H Chapter, routinely organising lunches and other events. When in 1979 the opportunity arose for him to take up a contract with the government of Botswana, he was glad to be able to continue his work for others. Here he contributed in a wide variety of fields, and this period was probably the most satisfying of his career. He worked with the departments of Education, Health, Leisure and Tourism, and was responsible for training the Botswana staff in his office in statistical research techniques. He was also heavily involved in organising the 1981 census which, in a country

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where much of the population was still nomadic and illiterate, presented some rather difficult problems from those encountered in this country. The aspect of his work which gave him most satisfaction was developing a computer system to monitor malnutrition in young children, enabling the Health Department to target their resources more effectively. Ian was disappointed when the British government ended support for this project and his contract in Botswana came to an end in 1981. There followed a succession of appointments, none of which particularly suited him, in London, Saudi Arabia, Manchester and Leeds before he took up the post of lecturer (later senior lecturer) at the University of Huddersfield, where he remained for fourteen years until his sudden accidental death. He lectured in Statistics, Mathematics and Computing and was also involved in planning and carrying out research in many healthrelated areas. He had published work in The Health Service Journal and the RSS News and Notes. He was also membership secretary of ASSESS, the international user group for the widely-used statistical computer package SPSS. Ian had met his wife, Margaret, when they both attended a course at Brighton in 1971. He leaves a daughter, Emily, and a son, Andrew. During his time at Saddleworth, Ian had developed a keen interest in wildlife and the environment. He was a founder member of the Saddleworth Conservation Action Group and contributed tree seedlings, raised at the farm, to many local tree planting schemes including the Saddleworth green burial site where he is now buried. Alan Huff

HUGH RODWAY 23 July 1921 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 10 June 1998 Hugh George Rodway was born on 23 July 1921, and was educated at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate and (after the Second World War) at Pembroke College, Oxford where he read English. On leaving Oxford in 1949, he worked in the Publications Department of the Government's Road Research

Laboratory at Harmondsworth, leaving there in 1951 to join Aero Research (CIBA), again on the publications side. After a short period as assistant editor on a technical periodical, he joined what was then the British Rubber Development Board in 1954, in Mark Lane in the City, as Press and Public Relations Officer. His work included the editing of Rubber Developments, as well as organising conferences, exhibitions and liaising with the Press. He visited Malaysia on several occasions. Hugh Rodway spent most of his working life within an organisation which frequently changed its name and is currently the Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre. When I first encountered Hugh he was working in the London office of the Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association (NRPRA), situated at 19 Buckingham Street in the Adelphi district. He had an easy but very distinctive writing style, which was probably wasted on the typical reader of Rubber Developments. He was rarely able to exploit his literary style in such a dull environment as rubber technology although he was able to do so in the beginning of a feature on the then novel idea of moving walkways: 'Tomorrow may soon be today so far as crowded city centres are concerned', or in an introduction to a feature on the VC 10: 'Britain's latest, fastest, most comfortable and versatile jetliner'. Virtually everyone who knew Hugh was aware of his kite patent, but few appear to have been aware of two much earlier patents. The first was a war-time patent which was applied for and accepted in 1940. This was entitled: 'A gravity-controlled switch in association with electric torches' (529,572). The object of the invention was to inhibit the upward movement of the torch which prevented the user from dazzling oncomers and was `especially useful in war-time' as it also limited the beam from being seen by aircraft. A later patent (567,348; accepted in February 1945) was 'A rotable and collapsible skein holder' and was intended to assist with winding wool or other thread. Set against this earlier background the kite patent (1,247,663; published 1971) a simple, yet supremely elegant design, is far less surprising. The short text incorporates some of Hugh's elegant prose: 'The kite of this invention can be manufactured cheaply, is

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easy to launch, and will fly especially well in light winds'. It is not without interest that Hugh's involvement with polymers showed through: the kite was intended to be manufactured from foamed plastic. Blackheath is an excellent launching site for kites and his children have fond memories of their father's invention. Hugh had a great love of sailing, but he was only rarely able to introduce this into his professional life, but when the opportunity arose he became eloquent: 'Nowadays most sailors, amateur and professional, probably sleep on latex foam. This quiet revolution in the sleeping habits [he had forcefully described the straw-filled donkey's breakfasts] of seafaring men has almost gone unnoticed â&#x20AC;&#x201D; except by the sailors themselves'. But as this brief quotation demonstrates, the eloquence was never permitted to intrude upon the main task of quietly selling rubber. When he came down to the labs in Welwyn Garden City or subsequently in Brickendonbury, it was usually in association with some major activity which kept him extremely busy. He formed an excellent working relationship with the late Peter Lindley, and this led to one of Hugh's acknowledged contributions as a joint editor of a conference proceedings. It was easier to get to know him during the preparations for major conferences or exhibitions, but his perfection made it virtually impossible to tear him away for a meal, or even a drink, when it became possible to get to know him better and learn about his family and life in Blackheath. He married Avril, a journalist and editor, in 1953 and had a son, who followed him to Oxford and read Materials Science and a daughter who, like her mother, went into magazine journalism. When the London office was moved to Brickendonbury in Hertfordshire, Hugh worked for a short time as an assistant editor on What's New in Industry at Morgan Grampion publications in Woolwich and when he left London to live in Norfolk, he freelanced for them for several years. Hugh always had a great love of animals and a true feeling for environmental issues, well ahead of the popular 'Green' movement. He was particularly fond of Norfolk and he and his family spent many happy holidays there sailing in their old gaffrigger. He made it very clear that he did not like power boats and he used to pop up to Norfolk for the weekend by train to

sail on the Broads. He was no mean artist and attended classes in Norwich, and, towards the end of his active life, took up sculpture. Kevin P. Jones

ROBIN SKIRVING 30 November 1905 - 1991 My father's family, the Skirvings, were lowland Scots who were originally natives of East Lothian. They gave up their farm near Dunbar about 1760 and moved to Edinburgh to better educate their children. There they made money during the 19th century enabling them to purchase an estate in Aberdeenshire. His mother's family, the Wises, were direct descendants of Henry Wise, the landscape gardener to Queen Anne, and had an estate in Warwickshire. His mother having no affection for Scotland, my father and his sister were brought up in Torquay where the Wises had an agreeable seaside house. He was sent to preparatory school in Winchester and went on from there to Harrow. Whilst there he grew very tall (he was 6'6" by the time he left) but without the physique to match. Because of this he found most outdoor games beyond him apart from fives and golf. His school reports contained amusing snippets - 'Rather thin' and 'A competent versifier though not yet a poet' are two that come to mind. His father, however, was not amused. Having survived Harrow, which he never much liked, he found Oxford and Pembroke College altogether more congenial and he acquired digs at 37 Wellington Square in the house of a retired butler and his wife who was a cook. I know little of his academic life but do remember stories of Oxford days, which he told with fondness. How he volunteered to work as a docker in1926 at Hull during the General Strike when he and other undergraduates from both Oxford and Cambridge were quartered in a merchant ship, S.S. City of Paris, in the docks and with naval protection from a light cruiser, H.M.S. Enterprise. On their way up to Hull, he vividly recalled their car being stoned by strikers near Doncaster. Also, how he became friendly with John Fothergill, the celebrated innkeeper and writer, who at that time

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kept The Spread Eagle at Thame, a favourite haunt of undergraduates and aesthetes. Fothergill recorded the heights of favoured guests on a wall in one of the reception rooms and was wont to offer a free dinner to anyone taller. Though my father's name was on that wall, he never achieved the free meal - there were others even taller than him including Brian Lascelles (the Magdalen giant) who was 6'10"! My father had his twenty-first birthday party there and I still have the menu. After leaving Oxford, my father was sent to work in the estate office of his cousin, Col. Ralph Sneyd, at Keele Hall in Staffordshire (now a University). Since he was to inherit quite a lot of land, his father thought he should acquire experience in management. Whilst there, I know he designed a miniature golf course in the old kitchen gardens and at weekends he explored The Potteries, whose people he always spoke of with affection. In 1935 he married my mother, Magdalen Colville, and they bought an old Cotswold house at Shilton near Burford. I was born in 1937 - their only child. At the outbreak of war my father enlisted in the Oxon & Bucks regiment and was soon posted to Barmouth in North Wales for his basic training. By then in his mid-thirties and still with a 'beanpole' physique, he was expected to keep up with much younger and fitter men. In the end this took its toll and he was invalided out of the army without seeing any active service. He soon became involved in the local Home Guard as a platoon commander which he undertook with enthusiasm and took part in some hilarious exploits. After the War, he became a County Councillor (an Independent - he did not hold with party politics in local government) and later was elected to the Witney Rural District Council where he eventually became Chairman. He also served as a Magistrate and was Chairman of Witney Magistrates and of their juvenile court. He was appointed a Tax Commissioner. His hobbies and interests were reading, classical music, rural wildlife including birds, butterflies and wild flowers. He was a member of the National Trust and Georgian Group, also a Friend of Exeter Cathedral - all reflecting his interest in good architecture and its preservation. He was a keen golfer for much of his life, being a member of both Frilford and Burford. In conclusion, I would suggest that he was part of the last

generation from the landed families of England to have the privilege of an adequate private income and, as such, he never had to work for a living. However, I do believe that this had its drawbacks and, in spite of his public works, I think it may have kept him more remote from society in general than he would have wished. He was a naturally shy man who coped uncomplainingly in old age with increasing blindness and breathlessness caused by a form of emphysema which finally defeated him in 1991. Andrew Skirving

JOHN LOUIS NEWCOMBE STOBBS 4 August 1921 - 11 July 1999 John Stobbs was born at Potters Bar on 4 August 1921, sharing his birthday with the Queen Mother. (He always said, on the morning of his birthday: 'Isn't it nice of them to play the National Anthem for me!') His family moved to Berkhamsted in 1930, having built a house adjoining the common and golf course, which led to John's lifelong love affair with the game of golf which eventually became his career. He went to Berkhamsted School, leaving in 1939 for Pembroke, where he graduated with Second Class Honours in PPE, taking the short wartime course. From there he went straight into the Army and served with the Royal Artillery in Gibraltar and Italy, ending the War in Trieste with the rank of Captain. In his occasional quiet moments during the War he wrote a lot of poetry, some of it expressing his dislike of war which was underlined by the death of two of his best school friends. One of his poems, entitled Post-war leave - 14 November 1945, runs: "So I returned and found all things the same: The lights, the railway station and our old castle, And the willows along the canal, and so I came To the lighted shops, the High Street, the friendly rustle Of people in sum the same, and the town's face. And I walked along to The Swan, your pub and mine, Found beer as of old and sat in our old place

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By the fire where the pewter tankards hang in a line And the brasses glitter beneath the mantle-shelf. Pam remembered me, and asked me what I'd done And the eyes of old friends were warm. Only an elf In the firelight murmured "The years have run", And there were gaps in all the cheer, to deride me, Love, ghosts, and your empty chair beside me." After demob, John found he could go back to Oxford at the Government's expense, and having loved the place, he seized the opportunity and returned for another two years of PPE, and in due course became Treasurer of the Union, a keen and active member of the University Liberal Party, and a golf Blue. In 1948 he played golf against Cambridge at Royal St George's and he and his partner achieved something of a record, as reported in The Times by Bernard Darwin: 'At lunchtime,' he wrote, 'two matches, one on either side, appeared all over bar the shouting. Houlding, admirably qualified to play the part of first murderer with Stobbs as a scarcely less bloodthirsty ally, were nine up in the last match and that was emphatically that!' The final score for that 36-hole contest was a victory by the 'wholly indecent margin' of 14 and 12! It is believed Cambridge is still thirsting for revenge. John played golf for his old School for many years in the Halford Hewitt Tournament, held annually at Deal between public schools, and later in the Seniors' equivalent, the Cyril Gray. He played county golf for Hertfordshire and was twice runner-up in the County Championship. By returning to Oxford after the War, John accepted that he would lose out on the post-war race for jobs, and so was glad to accept one selling space for Kemsley Newspapers. He soon found out that his girl friend (later his wife), Anne Miller, had got herself onto the editorial staff of a national women's magazine without having a degree of any kind (let alone two!) and this inspired him to apply to Hulton Press and see if he could trump her ace. This he certainly did, when he joined the brilliant group of journalists on Picture Post in 1950. Most of these names became very well known in subsequent years, amongst them Fyfe Robertson who instigated in John a lifelong interest in ecology

and a lifelong hatred of unwholesome post-war farming practices, some of which are only now beginning to feature in the media and to be recognised as harmful to humankind - Fyfe and John were prophets without honour in the Fifties! After several happy years as one of Picture Post's writers, and when that famous magazine folded, he became golf correspondent of The Observer and many lovers of the game remember that as the golden period of golf writing, with Henry Longhurst in the Sunday Times, Pat Ward-Thomas in The Daily Telegraph and Stobbs in The Observer. John wrote a number of books about the game, his last being A History of Berkhamsted Golf Club. He married in 1950 and he and his wife Anne (now an author herself of two recent books about wartime radar) had three daughters and three grandchildren. When John died in July 1999, the village church in Marsworth, Bucks, was packed with old friends, some of whom came from afar to pay tribute to a unique character. John cared nothing for appearances; he was never a golf snob but would play with anyone of any handicap; he preached continuously against pesticides, growth hormones and the dangerous use of antibiotics in animal feed; he always grew his own vegetables to make sure he knew what he was eating. He was an accomplished after-dinner speaker (an art he acquired in his Union days); an enthusiastic self-taught jazz pianist; a stickler for good grammar for whom the modern use of Americanisms was anathema; a chap who cared deeply about the political spectrum and who viewed most modern trends (especially pop music) with distaste. A Life Member of Berkhamsted Golf Club, having been its oldest member for some years, he was described after his death by many of his fellow-members as a "character"; several of them added: "There don't seem to be very many of them about these days!"

ROBERT TOWNLEY 11 December 1906 - 21 February 1999 Robert Townley was a genial gentleman of so few words that it was easy to think him shy, when 'diffident' might have been

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more appropriate. Another paradox: he lived beyond 92 years but his brother and sister died young so that many thought him an only child. His early life seems to have been somewhat unanchored possibly appropriate for someone who always wanted to join the Royal Navy during his formative years. He went to a preparatory school in Broadstairs, Kent, while his next school was in Shropshire from where he went up to Pembroke. While reading Jurisprudence he distinguished himself as an oarsman (1927-29), even rowing at 7 when he was only 101bs heavier than the cox. Sadly, a change in family circumstances required him to take on the family stock-jobbing firm in Birmingham so that he did not take his degree. In Birmingham, his mother was a considerable character who clearly loomed large in Robert's life. Indeed, when friends put forward the idea that he should marry and that Bob and his wife could easily live with his mother in their substantial King's Norton house, he made it quite clear that two into that kitchen would not go, at least, not without an explosion. At the beginning of the Second World War, he joined the RNVR. As much of his work was concerned with landing-craft for the projected invasion of mainland Europe, he spent much of his time in Scotland, where the preparations were out of the way and out of sight. As the work was very secret and many records have still not been made publicly available, it is difficult to discover the facts. He seems to have commanded Brontosaurus and, possibly Dinosaur. He was at sea during the invasion. After the War he gained some experience of family life from A R Woolley's then six children when the latter was the Educational Secretary to the Oxford University Appointments Committee and living in Oxford. He took the older children, when he came to stay, for rides in his black Triumph Roadster (JOM 43), whose dickey seats in the back were excellent for children. The youngest, the twin boys, he entertained in a different way. He would sit them on his knee and reduce them to helpless fits of laughter by making them hit themselves whenever he chose. A few years later he would meet the same two when they were on their way to prep. school in Shropshire

at New Street station; take them to Snow Hill station and give them a ten-shilling note each to brighten the term. After Robert's mother, Florrie, died, he visited Mr and Mrs Woolley at their home which was now at Alvescot, near Brize Norton, with a lady friend, Mary. Mrs. Woolley, not knowing she was almost exclusively interested in breeding dogs, said he ought to marry her. Bob intimated that he might just well do that. They were married and had two splendid sons, Ben and John, whom he brought up quietly, efficiently and with love, for much of his wife's time was taken up with the breeding and showing of dogs. One of their English springer spaniels, Shot, was the champion in its class at Crufts. They used to reserve the best two from each litter for training as gun dogs. After Mary died, Bob very fortunately married Louise and lived very quietly and happily near Sherborne in Dorset. He was always pleased to see people, friendly, wise, kind, always a gentleman, but, as ever, a man of so few words ... strange to think he reminded one of two twin boys of Gerard Hoffnung who was so loudly loquacious. Bob is one of the world's unsung heroes. A R Woolley, the Educational Secretary to the Oxford University Appointments Committee, was a distant relation to Bob, and his seven children (the last born in 1950) were a good exercise ground for Robert's genius with children. A R Woolley was material in getting 'Ronny' Cholodny to Pembroke. R A Hopkinson-Woolley Balliol 1955-8

IAIN GORDON TWEEDALE 16 July 1946 - 6 October 1999 lain Tweedale was probably the first person I had an argument with after he and I went up to Pembroke in 1965. We had many more during our three years - usually about politics (I was left, he was right) if not about football (West Brom-v Man-City). Strange, you may think, that he and I remained the very best of

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friends for 34 years after graduating - more anon. lain was born in Manchester, subsequently moving to Merseyside. Having studied at Birkenhead School, he read PPE at Pembroke, where he built up a large and diverse circle of friends who enjoyed his company for his capacity to argue without rancour and his positive and enthusiastic approach to life. In 1968, Iain launched a long career in finance by joining the then Martin's Bank in London as a graduate trainee. This formative groundwork was followed by a period with McAnnally, Montgomery, a leading firm of City stockbrokers. His growing depth and breadth of experience took him into the world of fund management and insurance. With Laurentian Life, he progressed to become managing director and coordinated the relocation of a 450 strong head office team from Guildford to Gloucester. As his expertise earned him invitations to join the boards of a number of companies, Iain moved finally to Pearl Assurance as Director of Operations, where he continued to apply the vigorous enthusiasm which had typified his career. Sadly, after a trip to Australia in 1998, lain was diagnosed with cancer of the pancreas and liver, conditions with a particularly poor survival rate. He battled valiantly, even managing to return to work for a period. But despite the onslaught of powerful chemotherapy, Iain succumbed to the inevitable last October. I had the privilege of being invited by lain's wife, Marlene, to deliver an address at their local church in Ross-on-Wye. It gave me the opportunity of defining why it was that lain and I had been so close for so long, even though we were allied to quite different political philosophies and even though neither of us really changed our innermost beliefs across three decades of adult life. Well, suffice it to say that Iain had a deeply ingrained sense of humour (I can hear his laugh still ringing in my ears), an insuperable sense of professional and personal duty, and a sheer sense of joy at talking to people, bouncing ideas off them, disagreeing with them but remaining friends regardless.

I shall always remember the day before the 1997 general election. I rang him to crow about my party's impending victory and to rib him a bit about the sorry state which his lot had sunk to. "We've got the better of you at last" I chortled. "Perhaps," said Iain, "but you'll have our spending plans, so it won't make much difference in practice." We laughed endlessly, each drawing the maximum amusement from this short but poignant interchange. Iain was a career man through and through. He made his mark on the financial services industry, earning a reputation for innovation and integrity. He managed also to balance commitment to work with commitment to family. He will be missed by all who knew him, particularly his wife, Marlene, whom he married in 1975 and to whom he was devoted, and by his four children, Michelle, Stephen, Richard and Amanda, whom he cherished with all his worth. I have lost a great and true friend. Our friendship commenced at Pembroke, where we have returned fairly frequently over the years for reunions of one sort or another. In the summer of 1998, we took our MA degrees together something Iain was very keen to do as he struggled to stave off the insidious advance of his disease. Iain has left an indelible etching of himself in the minds of all who knew and worked with him. I thank my years at Pembroke for having given me a great friend. Paul Castle

PIERRE GEORGE ARMAND WALKER 12 September 1923 - 25 December 1977 Pierre Walker came to Pembroke from St Paul's School in 1942, with a Scholarship to read Classics. A year later, he joined the Royal Artillery. A Belgian mother and Paris-educated father gave him fluent French which was much in demand when, as a Lieutenant in the D-Day landings, the gunners moved through France and Belgium into Germany. He served in Egypt and Palestine before returning to Pembroke in 1946, this time to read PPE.

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After coming down, he worked in Paris for a year, then joined the J Walter Thompson advertising agency where he spent the rest of his working life. Although based in London for all but three years (when he lived in Belgium), he was responsible for international clients and travelled widely. In particular, his work on Unilever business in Thailand and Indonesia won him many close friends in the Far East. It was also at JWT that he met his wife, Patricia Mann, later an International Vice-President. In retirement, Pierre Walker joined the Committee of the Royal Surgical Aid Society, a charity with its origins in the Crimean War now providing homes for the elderly, and produced a history of the Society. After his death, a colleague wrote: "His modesty and self-effacing style concealed his fine judgement and a wonderful sense of humour, and there was a calmness about him which added to his authority. He was a delightful companion - always such good company."

JOHN WALLIS 17 December 1913 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 8 September 1998 John was born in Barnsley, the younger son of a much respected Doctor. From his earliest days he identified himself with the Tractarian tradition in the Church of England to which he remained unswervingly faithful for the rest of his life. He came up to Pembroke from Holgate Grammar School, Barnsley in 1933 and took a good degree in Theology. Having trained for the ministry at Wells, he then returned to Wakefield diocese where he spent the whole of his life. It is significant that the Bishop sent him to serve in one of the toughest parishes, Airedale with Fryston, and this was to be his kind of work until the last ten years of his ministry. Two years later he was moved to Birstall to help one of the giants of the diocese in his declining years, a job he carried through until Canon Ribinson's death eight years later. His reward for his loyalty was preferment to Heckmondwike, one of the most important parishes in the diocese, where he remained for the next twenty two years. In 1959 he was appointed Rural Dean of Birstall (which post he also held for twenty years) and in 1965 he also became an Honorary Canon of Wakefield Cathedral.

Finally, in 1969 he became Vicar of Hartshead, partly so that his very considerable experience of committee work could be more widely used. If it may be said without patronising, John was the very best type of Yorkshireman. Scrupulously honest himself he hated deviousness in any form and dealt mercilessly with it. He was the champion of any cause which he believed in and would tackle any situation however difficult; but he had a very tender side as well. When he moved to Hartshead he was faced with a parochial situation which would have daunted most people; but his only real concern was the temporary loss of his cat. He cared devotedly for his widowed mother and after her death for his housekeeper; the only person some said he ever feared. Although he did not seek friends he found many and there will still be a few of the many clergy who will remember his Christmas parties to which everyone came because of their affection for him. Shortly after his retirement he moved to Dulverton Hall and those with whom he lived would testify to the quiet fortitude with which he faced the increasing limitations of old age; may he rest in peace.

CECIL WHITE 1 November 1917 - 20 September 1999 This address was given at the memorial service held at St. Marythe-Virgin, Wheatley on 5 October 1999. Cecil was not a man for affectation . His achievements in life were many but he was never disposed to draw attention to them. He was a hard-working, kind and tolerant man who would always try to help others. Some key words spring to mind when considering Dad's life: books and boats; planes and politics; the law and leadership; family and football. Born into a family of lawyers, he remembered fondly Sunday lunches with his father, family and legal friends, pushing aside the

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dirty dishes to concentrate on their legal arguments. I did not carry this tradition into the next generation but my sister, Nicola, did. Cecil relished the times when we got stuck into legal arguments after Sunday lunch at the Old Parsonage. Cecil enjoyed his school days at Epsom College, distinguishing himself as the first day boy to be appointed Head of School. He went up to Oxford to read law at his father's insistence, despite his preference for history. He would have been the first to admit that he did not read much of anything while he was there, preferring the attractions of the river. He rowed very hard for Pembroke College: the beginning of lifelong attachment both to the College and to the water. Indeed, so hard did they row, that the "Pemmy" boat of 1938 came within a hair's breadth of going "Head of the River", a feat not equalled by subsequent generations of Pembroke oarsmen until just last year. Cecil was delighted to be invited to a dinner celebrating this recent achievement as the sole surviving representative of the earlier winning crew. War broke out shortly after he went down from Oxford and initially he joined the Royal Engineers. This did not suit him and he jumped at the chance to join the RAF. It was here that he discovered his considerable skills as a pilot. His love of aircraft was born over the bleak Irish Sea flying triangular sorties on a navigational training course which saw him pass out top of the class. This honour gave him the chance to choose which Command he would join. He opted for Coastal Command and joined 210 Squadron whose reunion in York he would have attended this month had bad health not intervened. Coastal Command meant flying Flying Boats, Catalinas mostly, which enabled him to combine his love of water with his skills as an aviator. Ultimately he was based in the Shetlands, guarding the convoys in the Northern Approaches. It was dangerous and arduous work, with patrols that lasted up to 24 hours at a stretch. There is no doubt that Cecil loved it. His strength of character, able leadership, love of solitude, appreciation of nature and above all enjoyment of flying and boating, all flowered in these inclement conditions. There were many dramas and successes during this time but he never dwelt upon them subsequently. He was, though, delighted to receive a

medal from the Russian Government in 1995, 52 years later, recognizing his contribution to the War Effort in the Baltic. In the summer of 1945 there was a fateful meeting with a beautiful and impressive Wren Officer at Western Approaches Headquarters in Liverpool. For all his achievements in public life, one of the most important to me is the example he set as a husband and father. Only last month, we celebrated the 53rd Anniversary of Barbara and Cecil's wedding; a fine example to us all: both in sickness and in health. With the war over, Cecil was keen to get on with "normal life" which meant qualifying as a solicitor. This he duly did but his love of flying led him to apply for a job with de Havilland, the aircraft builders in Hatfield. He became their Company Secretary which led to a deep involvement in the famous "Comet Inquiry". The "Comet" was the world's first commercial jet airliner. Two of the earliest models broke up in mid-air with tragic loss of life. The resulting investigation into the cause of these crashes led to the discovery that metal fatigue was to blame. Dad worked night and day preparing de Havilland's submissions. After months and months of hard work, the company was exonerated: a tremendous vindication of all their efforts. By the time I was a child, Cecil had moved to the sales side of the aircraft business. Negotiating with national airlines often involved political, as well as commercial considerations, which appealed to the politician in Cecil. His interest in politics went right back to his days at Oxford where he was an active member of the Oxford Union. Some of his oldest political friends, like Sir Edward Heath, date from that time. I know that many more of his friends in the South Oxfordshire Conservative Association would be here today were it not Party Conference week. Michael Heseltine, MP for this constituency and an old friend, has written to say how sorry he is that he cannot be here today. The high point of Cecil's career came at the end of the 70s. By this time, de Havilland had been taken over by Hawker Siddeley and he had become Group Company Secretary. The Government was bent on nationalizing the Aircraft Industry. With his deep knowledge of the industry and his strong political connections, Dad masterminded the industry's "defence". They

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came within a whisker of defeating the bill completely. When this approach failed by the narrowest of margins, he still made sure that the companies whose assets were being nationalized, received fair compensation. Hawker Siddeley received tens of millions of pounds more from the Government than it would have done otherwise. Although Dad did more than his fair share of business travel over the years, he still managed to be a good father to Nicola and me. He was always ready to help or give advice if called upon to do so but also willing to let us follow our own paths rather than insisting on his own preferred course. I know he provided a good deal of help and advice to others in our "broader" family as well. We have received many kind and comforting letters of condolence since Cecil's death, such was the esteem in which he was held. Many aspects of Dad's life have been fondly remembered in these letters but what arises most frequently is the observation that Cecil was a "gentleman". He would be proud to be so remembered. Cecil normally read political biographies but his tastes were broad and sometimes quite romantic. Recently, he had been dipping into a poetry book, tucked in which we found a quote from Tennyson's epic "Ulysses". He had gone to the trouble of writing it out in longhand on a scrap of paper. It is not hard to see why: it captures so well his indomitable spirit: Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. ...We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are; One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Mark White

ROGER MILTON WHITEHEAD

14 January 1925 - 20 June 1999 Educated at Christ's Hospital, Horsham (1936-43), Roger Whitehead joined the Indian Army in 1943 and was later commissioned, rising to the rank of Captain, to serve with the 7th Gurkha Rifle Regiment in India. His love of that country, and his immense pride in the Gurkhas as a whole, and his Regiment in particular, never left him. It was a great day for him when, in 1997, he met up with fellow officers for a reunion after 50 years. After leaving the Army, he went up to Pembroke College, Oxford to read History, his knowledge of which never failed to interest and impress keen listeners. His heart, from school days, had been set on ordination and to this end, after Pembroke, he went on to train for the ministry at Ely Theological College. He was ordained into the Church of England in 1952. He served in parishes in the Midlands, the Isle of Wight and East Anglia and eventually retired to a village outside Norwich where his love of boats, especially one he built himself, became his main occupation. He died suddenly and very peacefully after spending a day at the Ipswich Boat Show. He leaves a wife and 2 sons, his daughter having pre-deceased him in 1998. David Nash (1961), who succeeded Roger at Holy Trinity Church, Clifton, adds this personal reminiscence: Roger Whitehead, like his older brother Denys, came up to Pembroke after the Second World War, graduated in 1950, and trained for the Ministry of the Church of England at Ely Theological College. After curacies in Gateshead and Norwich, he became priest in charge of a new church, Holy Trinity, being established on the Clifton estate, south of Nottingham. The post-war clearance of the slums in central Nottingham had caused the building of large council estates on the out-skirts of Nottingham to house those displaced. The largest of these estates was built some miles south of Nottingham in the parish of Clifton. Land was allotted for two Anglican Churches on this vast estate. Holy Trinity Church was largely funded by the sale of a redundant Church of the same name in the centre of Nottingham. Roger Whitehead was given the challenging and

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unenviable task of establishing this new Church. The problems were formidable. The new Clifton residents were unhappy to be moved so far from their roots, and many were apathetic or even hostile to the presence of the Established Church. But Roger Whitehead persisted with great patience and vigour, and the Church that was built is entirely his vision of what it should be: spacious, in the Italian style, with a baldachino above the altar. The tower is very soon to have a peal of bells as was always intended. Roger ministered to a tiny Sunday congregation, but there were many baptisms each week, not to mention pastoral visiting and counselling. The effort wore him out, and after five years he moved to a country living in Nottinghamshire. This was followed by incumbencies in Portsmouth, Lichfield and Suffolk before retirement. It is not given to many priests to do the pioneer work that Roger Whitehead did on Clifton Estate. The Church he built still stands, and this year celebrates the fortieth anniversary of its consecration, a vital Christian landmark where it is needed.

MATTHEW WINDIBANK 18 September 1959 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 20 March 1999 Matthew came to Pembroke in 1979, to read History, as a Cleobury Scholar. Despite his obvious ability as a historian, Matthew was frustrated by the University requirement for historians to pass an exam in a foreign language at the end of their first term. Matthew chose Spanish, but was unsuccessful in that exam. In spite of additional teaching, and the best efforts of his tutors, Matthew did not pass the required Spanish exam at the end of his second or third terms. Thus, much to the disappointment of his wide circle of friends, Matthew transferred to Newcastle and completed his degree there. Matthew will always be remembered as a "larger than life" character. He was physically tall, and always memorable. He was a great conversationalist. He might have held very strong opinions on a subject, but he would never let a difference of opinion get in the way of a good discussion. For example, Matthew was a convinced atheist, but enjoyed many lively friendships with members of the College Christian Union, and

was a member of the John Wesley Society! He had a wide range of interests. He was an authority on the military use of rockets since 1700, with articles published before he began his degree. He took a keen interest in police and security matters, such as crowd control and regularly found vacation jobs as a security officer. Matthew's friendship was always firm and dependable. His annual newsletter always marked the beginning of the Christmas mail. Being true to his convictions, Matthew was not a big fan of the festive season, but would not pass up the opportunity to correspond with his friends. My favourite newsletter contained details of an anti-Christmas dinner he had laid on for his friends. As they approached the house there was an outline of a deceased Santa Claus on the ground, and the menu included robin on toast (actually quail). After graduation, Matthew worked in government service, with the DSS for some time. He then worked for Equality Associates for several years. His concerns for equality for the gay community became an increasingly important part of his working life. For a long period he worked in liaison with the Metropolitan Police, and other police forces on the issues of antidiscrimination. His direct and outspoken nature was greatly appreciated in this work. He was directly employed by the Metropolitan Police for the last 3 months of his life. Following the death of his mother, some years earlier, Matthew had no immediate family. He left his estate to London Friend (a gay counselling service). Tint Cockitt

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NEWS OF OUR MEMBERS The Editors of the Record wish to thank those members who have been kind enough to supply them with items which are given below. They would GREATLY WELCOME OTHERS FOR INCLUSION IN THE NEXT ISSUE, and hope that members will send them in, using the form inserted in these pages. WILLIAM ALTMAN (1980) and his wife, Danguole, are delighted to announce the birth of twin daughters, Ilona Emma and Isabella Renata, on 3 September 1999. In 1998 ANDREW BAILEY (1988) was awarded his Ph.D from the University of Calgary, where he is now a Lecturer, for a thesis entitled 'The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Phenomenal Consciousness'. RAYOND BARNETT (1993) and KATE WOODROFFE (1993) were married in Roehampton on 16 May 1998. NICK WINTHER (1993) was best man and other Pembrokians present on the occasion included STACY WILLIAMS (1993), JAMES MORRISSEY (1993) and IAN POOLE (1993). ALAN BELLRINGER. (1954) retired from his Senior Lectureship in English at the University of Wales, Bangor, in 1997 and now, with his wife Wendie, divides his time between their home in Bangor and their flat in Brighton, which is close to the flat of TREVOR MESSENGER (1954), also a retired English Lecturer. PAUL BOLWELL (1966) has been awarded a personal Chair and is now Professor of Plant Biochemistry in the University of London. He spent the year 1998-99 as Visiting Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. ALAN BRAY (1929) has presented to the college Library two works by his contemporary, the late NICHOLAS MANSERGH (1929). Mansergh, a tutor in Politics in the College before the War, and later an Honorary Fellow, spent his later career at Chatham House and Cambridge, where he became Master of St John's College. As a native of County Tipperary, he had a lifelong interest in Irish politics. His book The Unresolved Question: The Anglo-Irish Settlement and Its Undoing 1912-72, which was published in 1991 after his death, is a perceptive

analysis of the period leading up to the collapse of the Stormont government. His widow, Diana, has since edited Nationalism and Independence: Selected Irish Papers (Cork University Press, 1997), which include other writings on the topic. It includes some entries from his diary, which cast light on life in Oxford and the College before the War. These works are a fitting memorial to a distinguished scholar. At the International Conference on Low Temperature Physics in August 1999, DOUGLAS BREWER (1943), Professor Emeritus in the School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science at the University of Sussex was presented with the Fritz London Prize in Low Temperature Physics. This was awarded "for his seminal experimental discoveries in adsorbed helium films, including the reduced transition temperature and T2 specific heat; and for his finding of the linear temperature dependence of the specific heat of 3He; the surface-enhanced nuclear susceptibility of liquid 3He and his verification of the minimum in the 3He melting curve." EMMA BRINING (1987) and her husband, Stephen Smith, are delighted to announce the birth at home on 20 July 1999 of their daughter, Annabel, a sister for Gabriella. HANS BRUGMAN (1986) writes: "I got married to a wonderful American from San Francisco in 1991, her name is Maureen and she is a lawyer. However, she does not work at the moment, but wants to take care of our two small children, i.e. Max who is 31/2 and Sarah who was only born two months ago. I found a very fulfilling job as a teacher at a kind of grammar school in the University town of Giessen (central Hesse), my subjects are English, French and Theology (which is a schoolsubject in Germany) and recently took my doctorate in French didactics at the University of Eichstatt in Bavaria". MARTIN BURR (1971) writes: "1999 constitutes the quarter century of Frivoletto and thus the Chaplain's debut as an opera singer. To mark this anniversary we performed a potpourri of Frivoletto at the end of my annual concert in March. The students at the College where I lecture part-time also (albeit unwittingly) marked it in a rather nice way. At the end of my annual guest lecture to them (which was on the legal aspects of

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the Mozart operas, supported by three sung arias and an encore) they made a small presentation to me. It was the first presentation I received for my musical activities since the Chaplain gave me a Bradshaw's 1910 Railway Guide after Frivoletto 25 years ago. I still have the Railway Guide prominently displayed on my bookshelves, by the way!" TIM COCKITT (1978) and his wife Lynne are delighted to share the news of the birth of their first child, Guy Scott Cockitt, on 3rd August 1998. Since College, Tim has worked in computing, primarily in local government. He has recently celebrated 10 years of employment with Greater Manchester Police, where he works in software support. On 18 December 1999 HUGH DAVIES (1987) and CLAIRE ELLIS (1987) were married at St. James, Chipping Camden. The following Pembrokians attended: STUART DOOLE (1986), DAN FLINT (1986), RICHARD GILKES (1986), EMILY HILL (1986), LINDSAY JONES (1986), CATE MILROY (1986), TIM RICHARDSON (1986), JANE SERVELL (nee SAUNDERS) (1987) and JOHN STOPFORD (1986). BRIAN DAY (1952) has supplied the following anecdote from a letter sent to him in 1976 by George Bredin, who had been Bursar during his undergraduate days: "You were, if I remember correctly, in a room overlooking the Chapel Quadrangle when you were in residence. Across the landing was a contemporary named Knight. This was entirely fortuitous and not intended as a joke by the Bursar when allotting the rooms". On 22 August 1998, ANNABEL EYRES (1984) was married to Angus McChesney at Radley College. JAMES FERGUSON (1975) has started a new publishing company in Oxford, Signal Books Limited, specialising in travel, history and popular culture. He would be glad to hear from any members with interesting ideas in these areas. 01865 724856. James.ferguson@btinternet.com. MARK FIDLER (1980) and his wife, Rachel, are delighted to announce the arrival of their first child, Adam James, who was born on Saturday 23 October 1999.

JUDITH FRENCH (FRANKLIN) and her husband, Roger Parks are delighted to announce the birth of their son, Joseph Olivier Franklin Parks on 25 July 1999. On 22 September 1999, ANDREW GOYMER (1966), was sworn in as a Circuit Judge on the South Eastern Circuit. On 15 November 1999, ALAN HARDING (1968) was installed as Priest in Charge of the parishes of St. Giles', South Mymms and St. Margaret's Ridge, Hertfordshire. STEPHEN HARDING (1973), who is Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Nottingham and Professor MICHAEL TOOMBS (1951) have recently published Introduction to Polysaccharide Biotechnology (Taylor and Francis, 1998). In January 1998, PETER HARROLD (1971) became the Country Director of the World Bank for Ghana, residence in Accra. He describes it as "a wonderful place to live and a great developmental challenge". On 9 August 1998 MAURICE HEADON (1969) and Philippa Smedley were married at the Church of St Peter and Paul, Newport, Shropshire. MICHAEL SPENCER (1969) was the best man. SARI HORWITZ (1982), who works on the staff of The Washington Post was joint winner of the Pulitzer Prize for investigative journalism ROGER HIGHFIELD (1976) and his wife Julia, are delighted to announce the birth of their first child, Holly Elizabeth, on 21 September 1999. Having served as a curate in two locations, SIMON HUNT (1978), is now Vicar of All Saints parish in Higher Walton, in the diocese of Blackburn. He is pleased to have a small number of staff to assist him in the parish, which includes his wife, Margaret, who is a fully licensed lay reader! IAN JOHNSTON (1986) writes: "I had another good track season this summer (1999). I retained the Hertfordshire 3000 and 10,000 metres Championships, and finished third in the South of England 10,000 metres. I set personal best times of 15:08 for 5000 metres and 31:31 for 10,000. I lost my seat on

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Berkhamsted Town Council in the local elections in May. Every independent councillor in the West of Hertfordshire was defeated. However, I remain actively involved in local politics."

ANDREW MARTIN (1986) has returned to Oxford to take up a teaching position in Software Engineering and Continuing Education and a Fellowship at Kellogg College.

In July 1998, PETE JONES (1980) married Dr Sumita Biswas, ANGELA DALRYMPLE'S (1981) best friend from their school days. Angela's sons, Gareth and Francis, were page boys at the wedding.

REBECCA MERRYWEATHER (nee HARDING) (1985) and her husband, Neil, are very pleased to announce the birth of their son, Patrick, on 20th February 1998.

MICHAEL KEATING (1968) has been appointed Professor of Scottish Politics at the University of Aberdeen and Professor of Regional Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. For the next few years he and his wife will be dividing their time between Scotland and Italy. BRIAN KIRK-DUNCAN (1936) has recently become a SubPrelate of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. ARTHUR KROEGER (1956), who spent thirty-four years in the Canadian public service, is currently in his third term as Chancellor of Carleton University in Ottowa. In October 1999, the University opened the Arther Kroeger College of Public Affairs, which will offer a new four-year degree course leading to the Bachelor of Public Affairs and Policy Management. ROB LEES (1975) writes: "I read English from 1975-8 and, since leaving, have worked for a number of organisations initially in finance but for the last 17 years in IT. Four years ago, I joined Vodaphone where after spells running the IT department of a new service provider and as head of programme management, I am now responsible for service management systems. Nice to be involved in an industry that did not exist when I was at Pembroke and is growing fast. After marrying Sonia in 1986, Adam arrived in 1988 and Katy in 1990. We moved away from London in 1990 to a former pub in Somerset. Tom came along in 1991 and we moved again in 1995 to Wiltshire and a former vicarage! Oxford is now close at hand, and was reassuringly unchanged when recently I spent an hour in the quad. I am now studying for an MBA at Henley by distance learning. Interesting, but not as much fun as my first degree ..." SALLY (1983) and JAY (1984) MACLEOD are delighted to announce the birth of their daughter, Kathryn (Kate) Asher MacLeod, on 26 January 1999.

Canon M M H MOORE (1956) has retired to the College of St Barnabas, a Community for retired clergy near East Grinstead, after nearly 18 years as Chaplain at Hampton Court. He was awarded an LVO in the New Years Honours. One of his last services in the Chapel Royal was a Confirmation. The confirming Bishop was the Rt Rev E R BARNES (1955), Bishop of Richborough. The Pembroke College photograph of 1957 was on display, the two of them standing side by side in it: a nice anticipation of the Confirmation Service 42 years later! MICHELLE PELUSO (1990) recently spent a year as a White House Fellow serving as the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Labor. She was the youngest of the seventeen Fellows chosen for the year by President Clinton. DAVID ROBERTS (1973) has been appointed Deputy Head of Mission and Director of Trade Promotion at the British Embassy in Berne, Switzerland. On 18 June 1999, ADAM ROMANIS (1975) was instituted and inducted as Vicar of Cowley St. John. PROFESSOR MICHAEL SCHWARZ (1963) retired in October 1998 from Tel-Aviv University as Emeritus Professor in Arabic Language and Literature and in Jewish Philosophy. He has been preparing a translation of Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed from mediaeval Judaeo-Arabic into modern Hebrew. Of the three parts of the work, pt. I was published in 1997 by Tel-Aviv University Press. There are good chances that pts. II â&#x20AC;&#x201D; III will appear in print during 1999. Following work with the European Space Agency in Holland in 1998, NEVILLE SHANE (1995) had the unusual distinction of having a paper published whilst still an undergraduate. This appeared in Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 136, pp. 407-18 (1999).

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DON SIEGELMAN (1972) has been elected Governor of Alabama. TERRY SLESINSKI-WYKOWSKI (1982) and her co-author, Neil Douglas, have published Beyond Reductionism: Gateway for Learning and Change, (St. Lucie Press, 1999). BRENT SMITH (1979) and FRAN SMITH (nee Rowley) (1980) are delighted to announce the birth of their fourth child, Elizabeth on 15 October 1999, (a sister for Michael, Richard and Jonathan). Brent and Fran currently live in Reading. Brent works from home as a systems analyst. MARGARET SONMEZ (nee EDEN)(1985) writes, "I'm still doing the same job, tutoring and lecturing in Linguistics and Literature here at the Middle East Technical University, and still pursuing my own studies in the written language, especially spelling. My work has been rather slowed down, however, since the birth in December 1997 of our daughter, Rabia, a sister for 5 year old Yusuf. There is now no chance whatsoever of working at home in the evenings or the weekends. Needless to say it is more than worth it. If anyone feels like contacting me I am always delighted to hear from old friends, and email is the best way of doing it because conventional mail here is unreliable. Email address: marmez utor.fedu.metu.edu.tr" RICHARD SORABJI (1955) received a CBE in the 1999 New Year's Honours List. In 1997 he had been elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. DAVID TAGG (1959) was awarded the CBE for services to Community Regeneration in the June 1998 Queen's Birthday Honours list. GEOFFREY TANNER (1975) writes: "I have been writing for local community magazines while putting up with the tedium of jobs like hospital portering. Over a number of years I wrote a variety of poems, which have been collected and published by the Pentland Press - The Perils of Getting Up! MARTIN TAYLOR (1970), who is Professor of Mathematics at UMIST, is currently President of the London Mathematical Society.

DAVID TITTERINGTON (1977), who is Head of Organ Studies at the Royal Academy of Music and also Professor at the Ferenc Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, has been made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Organists. JILL WALKER (nee HUMPHRIES)(1984) and her husband, Timothy, are delighted to announce the birth of their first child, Jonah Matthew on 31 October 1998. JEREMY WALL (1956) transferred from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to the United Nations in New York City in October 1995 to take over a unit that administered loans and supervised the corresponding projects on behalf of IFAD. However, the post was abolished early in 1997 and, being over 60, he had no option but to retire. He bought a house near Leominster in North Herefordshire, moved back to England in April 1997, and reverted to freelance consultancy in third world agricultural and rural development. In July 1998, he took up a 12-month assignment as rural microfinance advisor on an EU-financed project on the island of Catanduanes in the Philippines. TIM WATERS (1986) and his wife, Corinna, are delighted to announce the birth of their first child, Arwen Nia Condrey, on 1 July 1998. MARTIN WHITWELL (1952) has recently been elected as Press Officer for the Hereford Diocesan Evangelical Fellowship. He also serves in a similar capacity for the Children's Society and the Freemen of Shrewsbury. The Editors noted with satisfaction the publication of Soldiers, Writers and Statesmen of the English Revolution, edited by Ian Gentles (Cambridge, 1998), a festschrift in honour of AUSTIN WOOLRYCH (1946), Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Lancaster. PETER WRIGHT (1971) has recently been promoted to the post of Reader in Music at the University of Nottingham. In December 1999, SAVAS ZEMBILLAS (1987), who has been Pastor of St. Demetrios Church, Merrick, New York, since 1997, was appointed Chancellor of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.

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ANDREW ZISSELL (1986) married Lynda, whom he met while at Pembroke in 1992. Their son, Jack, was born in September 1996. Andrew qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Touche Ross in 1993. He is now Asset and Liability Manager for Woolwich plc.

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PEMBROKE COLLEGE RECORD 1998-2000 If you have anything which ought to be or might be recorded in next year's Record, please enter it on this sheet and send it to the Editors. Do not be hesitant about this; information not appropriate for publication may still be valuable in helping the College to keep up-to-date records of its Members. You can also use this form to report achievements, etc., of Members known to you, especially if they are unlikely to report it themselves. It greatly helps if the date of matriculation is entered. Any change of address can also be notified here. We shall be particularly grateful for details of Members who are now schoolteachers, as part of our drive to maintain and improve contacts with schools which may send us candidates for admission. Please write below the name of your school, and the main subject that you teach.

NAME in full Address

Occupation Date of Matriculation Please note

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REMEMBER PEMBROKE IN YOUR WILL Pembroke's commitment to providing a centre of academic excellence for gifted students from all walks of life and different backgrounds has remained unchanged for four centuries. Today, as the College enters its fifth century of service, it faces growing challenges as the Government increases its cuts in grants to Universities and Colleges.

The College is determined to meet these challenges, but to do so we need your help. Leaving a legacy to Pembroke will contribute directly to the College's success in the future, ensuring that it can, despite severe financial restraints, continue to provide the highest level of academic excellence for those who study within its confines. We urge you to help the College in this way, after, of course, taking care of your dependants and loved ones. For further information please contact John Barlow of the Development Office on this direct line:

(01865) 276501

Pembroke College, Oxford, OX1 1DW. Telephone (01865) 276444 Front cover photograph: Nigel Harrison Designed & Produced by Harrison White Design Partnership. Telephone (01242) 228079. email: mail@harrisonwhite.co.uk