გლობალიზაცია და ეკონომიკის მდგრადი განვითარების პერსპექტივები

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nino popiaSvili filologiis doqtori, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori saqarTvelo, Tbilisi kulturis identoba globaluri transformaciebis diskursSi kulturuli identoba koleqtiuri identobis mTavari markeria. kulturaSi moazrebuli tradiciebi da Rirebulebebi, warmodgenebi da survilebi, siaxleebisadmi midrekileba da orientireba ayalibebs da qmnis identobas, aniWebs mas damatebiT maxasiaTeblebs. “ukanasknel dros vipoveT sakmaod ioli gamosavali da vambobT, rom identurobas ZiriTadad kultura gansazRvravs... is sicocxle, romelic kulturas axasiaTebs, srul safuZvels iZleva, vTqvaT, rom mas, rogorc nebismier cocxal organizms, axasiaTebs zne, xasiaTi, garkveuli xarisxis mdgradoba garemo sivrcis mimarT, intencia sxva kulturaze Tu kulturebze. raRac Sinagani alRo da albaT, garkveuli imunitetic” (iakobiSvili 2007, gv. 43-44). kulturuli identoba individualuri da koleqtiuri identobebis ganmsazRvreli da mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia. “Tanamedrove msoflioSi kulturis roli ufro da ufro izrdeba. unda iTqvas, rom Tavad kulturis xasiaTi ganapirobebs sazogadoebis damokidebulebas globalizaciis mimarT... sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgeneli inteleqtualebi sxvadasxvagvar saxels arqmeven kulturis globalizaciis process: globaluri kulturis gavrceleba, makdonaldizacia, koka-kolonizacia, hamburgerizacia, fast-fudizacia, vesternizacia, amerikanizacia, kreolizacia _ yvela es aris sxvadasxvagvari axsna, gageba msoflioSi mimdinare erTi procesisa” (wereTeli, kakitelaSvili 2006, gv. 82). ukanasknel xans kulturuli identobis kvleva axali Teoriebis fonze mimdinareobs. kulturis komparativizmisa da Sefasebis sakiTxebma literaturaTmcodne da mediis kulturologi, zigfrid j. Smidtic CarTo diskusiebSi. Smidti skeptikurad uyurebs SesaZleblobas kulturebis aRweriTi Sefasebis („deskriptiven Bewertung von Kulturen“) Sesaxeb. igi cdilobs sakiTxi sami kiTxviT gaaanalizos: “ra problemebs ayenebs sazogadoeba? rogor iqneba am problemebis amocana realizebuli? rogor iqneba amocanebi warmodgenili da Sefasebuli?” (Smidti 2004, gv. 31). Smidti kulturis problemas xedavs da gamoyofs literaturaSi, iseve rogorc mediis kulturaSi da gvTavazobs literaturis konteqstualizirebas. Smidtis sapirispirod, kulturologi loTar blumi miiCnevs: “saSiSroeba, rom erT mxares sruliad ararefleqtiurad arsebuli simboluri kapitali meore mxares gadava, ar aris mcire da praqtikaSic xSirad gvxvdeba“ (blumi 2007, gv. 69). blumis azriT, evropaSi mimdinare masobrivi sanaxaobiTi aqciebi, rogorebicaa urTierTobebis industria, axali varskvlavebis Zieba Tu reformebis sacobebi (Reformstau) qmnis sxva kulturindustrias, romelic devnis azrovnebiT kulturas, im pre-kulturas, romelic evropaSi arsebobda maskulturamde. Teodor v. adorno da maqs horkhaimeri wignSi: “ganmanaTleblobis dialeqtika” masobriv kulturasTan, rogorc masobriv tyuilTan dakavSirebiT miuTiTeben: “mTeli samyaro kulturindustriis filtrSi gadis. kinomayureblis kargad cnobili SegrZneba, romelic im quCas, sadac kinoTeatri mdebareobs, aRiqvams rogorc gagrZelebas es-es aris damTavrebuli sanaxaobisa swored imitom, rom es sanaxaoba

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