DESANTIS L., CHAO H.M., WOOD J.P.M., OSBORNE N.N.: Betaxolol protects against the effects of ischemia and increases BDNF mRNA in the rat retina following topical dosing. Ophthalmic Res., 2000; 32(S2):126 DREYER E.B., ZURAHOWSKI D., SCHUMER R.A., ET AL.: Elevated glutamate levels in the vitreous body of humans and monkeys with glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1996;114:299-305 DREYER E.B., LIPTON S.A.: New perspectives on glaucoma. JAMA, 1999;281:306-308 FAN Z., CHEN D., GE J.: Experimental modulation of opticnerve regeneration by reducing inhibitory effects of reactive astrocytes. Eye Sci., 2005;21:170-172 FLAMMER J., HAUFSCHILD T.: The role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res.,2000; 32(S2):85 GALLI G., FRATELLI M.: Activation of apoptosis by serum deprivation in a teratocarcinoma cell line: inhibition by L-acetylcarnitine. Exp. Cell Res., 1993;204:54-60 GAO H., QIAO X., HEFTI F., ET AL.: Elevated mRNA expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor in retinal ganglion cell layer after optic nerve injury. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 1997;38:1840-1847 GOODMAN C.S.: The likeness of being: phylogenetically conserved molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance. Cell, 1994;78:353-356 GOODMAN C.S.: Mechanisms and molecules that control growth cone guidance. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 1996;19:341-377 GUPTA N., ANG L.C., NOËL DE TILLY L., BIDAISEE L., YÜCEL Y.H.: Human glaucoma and neural degeneration in intracranial optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 2006;90:674-678 KAPIN M.A., DOSHI R., SCATTON B., ET AL.: Neuroprotective effects of eliprodil in retinal excitotoxicity and ischemia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 1999;40:1177-1182 KENDELL K.R., QUIGLEY H.A., KERRIGAN L.A., ET AL.: Primary open-angle glaucoma is not associated with photoreceptor loss. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 1995;36:200-205 KIM T.W., KANG K.B., CHOUNG H.K., ET AL.: Elevated glutamate levels in the vitreous body of an in vivo model of optic nerve ischemia. Arch. Ophthalmol., 2000;118:533-536 KLOCKER N., CELLERINO A., BAHR M.: Free radical scavenging and inhibition of nitricoxide synthase potentiates the neurotrophic effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor on axotomized retinal ganglion cell in vivo. J. Neurosci., 1998;18:1038-1046 KO M.L., HU D.N., RITCH R., SHARMA S.C., CHEN C.F.: Patterns of retinal ganglion cell survival after brain-derived neurotrophic factor administrtion in hypertensive eyes of rats. Neurosci. Lett., 2001;305:139-142 KOLODKIN A.L.: Growth cones and the cues that repel them. Trends Neurosci., 1996;19:507-513 HERNANDEZ M.R., AGAPOVA O.A., YANG P., SALVADOR-SILVA M., RICARD C.S., AOI S.: Differential gene expression in astrocytes from human normal and glaucomatous optic nerve head analyzed by cDNA microarray. Glia, 2002;38:45-64 LEVIN L.A.: Direct and indirect approaches to neuroprotective therapy of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Surv. Ophthalmol., 1999;43:S98-101 LIEVEN C.J., HOEGGER M.J., SCHLIEVE C.R., LEVIN L.A.: Retinal ganglion cell axotomy induces an increase in intracellular superoxide anion. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2006;47:1477-1485Lipton S.A., Choi Y.B., Pan Z.H., et al.: A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature, 1993;364:626-632 LIPTON S.A., ROSENBERG P.A.: Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med., 1994;330:613-622 LIU B., NEUDELD A.H.: Expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 in reactive astrocytes of human glaucomatous optic nerve head. Glia, 2000;30:178-186 LIU B., NEUFELD A.H.: Nitric oxide synthase-2 in human optic nerve head astrocytes induced by elevated pressure in vitro. Arch. Ophthalmol., 2001; 119:240-245 LOGAN J.F.J., RANKIN S.J.A., HUDSON C.: Variability of scanning laser doppler flowmetry measurements. Ophthalmic Res., 2000; 32(S2):48 MC NAMARA J.O., FRIDOVICH I.: Did radicals strike Lou Gehrig? Nature,1993;362:20-21 MALONE P.E., HERNANDEZ M.R.: 4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of oxidative stress, leads to an antioxidant response in optic nerve head astrocytes. Exp. Eye Res., 2007;84:444-454 MANSOUR-ROBAEY S., CLARKE D.B., WANG Y.C., ET AL.: Effects of ocular injury and administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on survival and regrowth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1994;91:1632-1636 MCDONALD N.Q., LAPATTO R., MURRAY-RUST J., GUNNING J., WLODAWER A., BLUNDELL T.L.: New protein fold revealed by a 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of nerve growth factor. Nature, 1991;354:411-414 MONCADA S., PALMER R.M., HIGGS E.A.: Nitric oxide physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev.,1991;43:109-142 MORGAN J., CAPRIOLI J., KOSEKI Y.: Nitric oxide mediates excitotoxic and anoxic damage in rat retinal ganglion cells coltured with astroglia. Arch. Ophthalmol.,1999;117:1524-1529 MITCHELL C.K., BISHOP J.J., FELDMAN R.M.: Neuroprotective properties of l-betaxolol on isolated retinal ganglion cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2000;41:S190 MORGAN J.E.: Optic nerve head structure in glaucoma: astrocytes as mediators of axonal damage. Eye, 2000;14:437-444
60
EuVision Peer-reviewed Journal of Ophthalmology 1/10