Jul | Aug 2015 International Aquafeed

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Lecithin - as a rich energy source with nutritional performance

Advanced lessons in economics Aquaculture in Ghana - Special two part feature

India - Aqua feeds and feeding trends

WA 2015 Jeju review Volume 18 Issue 4 - JULY | AUGUST 2015

Editor Professor Simon Davies Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editors Dr Albert Tacon Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk Dr Yu Yu Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) Email: mai@perendale.co.uk

John Cooksey and Mario Stael at WAS 2015 on Jeju Island, Korea (top), while Sylvia Earle answers media questions about her film ‘Mission Blue’ at Monaco Blue Initiative in Mocaco (bottom left)

Editorial Advisory Panel • Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt) • Dr Albert Tacon (USA) • Professor António Gouveia (Portugal) • Professor Charles Bai (Korea) • Colin Mair (UK) • Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK) • Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada) • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece) • Dr Kim Jauncey (UK) • Eric De Muylder (Belgium) • Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore) • Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy) Editorial team Olivia Holden Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk Malachi Stone Email: malachis@perendale.co.uk Peter Parker Email: peterp@perendale.co.uk Editor - Asia Pacific Roy Palmer Email: royp@perendale.com Publisher Roger Gilbert Email: rogerg@perendale.co.uk

CONTENTS

Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk

Volume 18 / Issue 4 / July-August 2015 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved

Design Manager James Taylor Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk

REGULAR ITEMS

FEATURES

3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS 7 THE AQUACULTURISTS 28 PHOTOSHOOT 40 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP 44 INDUSTRY EVENTS 52 THE MARKET PLACE 54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW 56 INDUSTRY FACES

16

Aquaculture takes centre stage at Monaco Blue Initiative 2015 6TH Edition

20

India - aqua feeds and feeding trends

24

Advanced lessons in economics

30

Aquaculture in Ghana - Alternative feed sources

32

Aquaculture in Ghana Commercial floating feeds for pond culture of tilapia in Ghana

36

Lecithin as a rich energy source with nutritional performance

38

Aquaculture industry - a profile of Dr Eckel GmbH

International marketing team (UK) Darren Parris Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk Tom Blacker Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Ivàn Marquetti Email: ivanm@perendale.com Pablo Porcel de Peralta Email: pablop@perendale.com India Ritu Kala Email: rituk@perendale.com Africa Nathan Nwosu Email: nathann@perendale.com More information: International Aquafeed 7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267706 Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY SUPPLEMENT 002 AQUANOR - Technology on display

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.

All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Professor Simon Davies

Creoso - welcome

I

am now entering my 30th year in academia and quite a milestone to say the least. With many Masters and PhD completions completed in Plymouth, perhaps it is indeed a time of reflection and a chance to build on new opportunities and challenges that may present themselves in the future. When many may consider retirement, I trust that I will get a chance to forge new avenues for the development of aquaculture and, in particular, the aquafeed industry and the nutritional sciences that are so important for the prospect of a sustainable and affordable basis for fish production, welfare and health of stock. As a consequence, I have just recently taken up a new appointment at Harper Adams University in West Central England to spearhead a new initiative to create a new English Aquaculture Centre for teaching and research. I will keep you all posted, but it’s going to be a busy time again before I take up angling for good!

I have seen so many changes in the fish farming industry over the last three decades and a major shift in the type of supporting research and technologies being applied, many have made vast differences to the efficiency and performance of fish and shrimp with significant improvements in survival throughout the various stages of production. There have been

great strides in the formulation of more refined diets based on better data obtained from comprehensive digestibility trials for more precise diet balance with protein, amino acids and energy availability characterised for numerous feed ingredients for different species of fish. Also more attention has been given to the incorporation of alternative feed ingredients that continues to contribute greatly to feeds with a vast array of commodities and materials at our disposal on a global basis.

There is a constant stream of scientific research evaluating all manner of natural proteins, energy rich nutrients derived from traditional sources or from novel ingredients and especially micro-organisms like algae, yeasts and bacteria that are now becoming topical areas for consideration in a variety of aquafeeds. This has also been associated with a plethora of interest in their functional properties and potential health benefits in aquaculture. Although there is excellent research evidence for corroborating the efficacy of many of these feed additives and supplements in a variety of species of fish, we must always caution against great claims of ‘wonder effects’ without proper scientific scrutiny. Hence, the role of the expert reviewer in peer-reviewed journals that provide the academic rigour to underpinning research in fish nutrition.

Another area of progress in the last 10 years has been the use of new containment systems for fish based on advances in aquaculture engineering with the wider use of closed recirculation systems. These new concepts pose more challenges for generating superior diets for fish to minimise their impact on water quality whilst presenting the correct nutritional balance for fish growth and production as well as promoting fish quality and good marketability of the product in terms of taste and texture.

Similarly, the construction of deep-water offshore platforms for submersible sea cages for marine fish cultivation has advanced. These systems will require a rethinking of the feed strategies and feed quality issues for specific marine fish species in such locations ranging from temperate to tropical climates. I expect great strides in the future expansion of mariculture using such technologies and we must address the needs of the industry in this direction.

One concern is the practicality of research directives at

Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events

18-21 August 2015 AquaNor, Norway

20-23 October 2015 Aquaculture Europe 2015 The Netherlands, Stand number 1.6

NEWS

Seeds of love present with much emphasis (due to research funding pressure) on the so-called ‘-omics’. Whilst such terms as ‘genomics, metabolomics and proteomics’ that form the basis of a molecular basis to our fundamental understanding of fish nutrition has an important place in our arsenal of research tools, we must not lose sight that fish farmers and feed companies require good practical information that allows the application of knowledge at a fundamental and applied level that is easy to put into effect.

The quest by scientists for the ‘highest impact’ scientific paper may not translate comfortably to the practising fish farmer who at the end of the day is more tuned to fish growth performance and feed conversion than the ‘gene expression’ for a specific nutrient or trait. Scientists can often lose themselves in their own world and become ignorant of the demands of society for translational research leading to real benefits.

We would be failing in our mission if we only focused on a narrow path of scientific disciplines or self-interest in a particular area of fish nutrition without seeing the ‘bigger picture’.

To our detriment we increasingly see this now in the appointments of ‘fish nutritionists’ in academic posts who seem to fail to appreciate the wider context of applied fish nutrition and feed technology. The science of fish nutrition should be embedded with a sound grasp of core animal nutrition as well.

Moving on! In this late summer issue we have a number of interesting features including our focus on tilapia production in India as our special fish species topic.

India is a dynamic player in the global arena and we also review its range of commodities, raw materials and development in the aquafeed sector in an Asian context.

With President Obama recently saying that Africa is on the move, it is opportune to focus on Ghana’s activities with its growing aquaculture industry and strong support of tilapia for both domestic consumption and export.

We also report on the 6th Monaco Blue Initiative which was held in the Monaco Yacht Club in late June held by HSH Prince Albert II and his Monaco foundation. Its theme focused on ‘Feeding and fueling the world through sustainable aquaculture’. Our publisher Roger Gilbert and writer Roy Palmer were initiated to participate in two of the four panels held and their report is in this issue.

Our team travelled to Germany in June to report on the production of feed additives from the Dr Eckel factory in Niederzissen, which is just south of Bonn to the west of the Rhein River. They were most impressed with the production facilities and the work being done of fish nutrition.

We also report on a lesson in ‘advanced economics’ for the aquaculture and fisheries sector with much to learn indeed. I hope that our masters in the funding agencies and our ministers of finance in Europe are listening and making sure of the information for investment and development.

Please enjoy our full range of other news items, focus group reports and blogs as we cover the broader range of international aquafeed topics of interest as usual.

Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry, university of Athens, Greece

I

t is summer. It is this blessed time of the year when all of us can afford some more time to be spent with our beloved ones doing things that may look not productive, but they really are.

Every summer, I spend lots of time both by and in the sea, sailing, fishing, and swimming. But this summer is different. My boys are old enough now to go snorkelling and spear fishing. You may wonder why I bother you with all these trivial things. They may look trivial but they are quite promising in this sense: teaching young kids to love fishing can be a fundamental step towards teaching them sustainable fishing, aquaculture and nutritional value of fish.

When a young child catches his or her food, they have a really good chance to get familiar with the food we eat, how different fish taste and which ones match better her or his palate prefers. Then, the issues of how fish are grown, what food they eat and why eating fish is good for human health can be introduced and discussed. We need two things here: to be able to go fishing and some dedicated time by the parent. The second element is more crucial.

But the issues that are emerging from these discussions are diverse and rather interesting.

First, the issue of nutritional value was raised. When I was asked by my boys how much fish we need to eat, I gave an (automatic) answer of about two portions per week but this is not the case. However, still today, there are clear nutritional guidelines on how many grams of fish we need to eat, and also what type of fish! Let’s stick to two portions per week when talking to our kids.

Another issue that was brought up is what fish eat.

Here, fascinating things can be discussed, about the food chain management, the impact of anthropogenic pollution on fish quality (i.e. have a look at the Minamata case in Japan, and how fish there poisoned humans and vice versa https://www1.umn.edu/ships/ ethics/minamata.htm) and how we can make sustainable the production of fish feeds and hence fish.

Finally, another issue than could be explained to kids is the one of climate change and its impact on fish populations. By linking the melting of ice to the temperature of sea and the domination of some fish species over others, we could sow some seeds of curiosity to the young ones and these seeds should help them in their future investigations.

Enjoy the sea and the sea discussions! izabet@chem.uoa.gr @yanzabet

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

NEWS

Responsible Feed – Have Your Say

T

he Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is developing a Responsible Feed Standard to tackle the important feed issue which has created continued tension with many groups – the standard will be new and globally applicable.

As with all standards, an important stage in the development is the Public Comment period. The Public Comment period enables anyone who feels they have something to contribute to use the period to provide their view on its provisions. All comments have to be considered in detail by the relevant Committee and, if necessar y, fur ther drafting is Workshop

essential element in any farming but fish farming seems to be under pressure more than any other industry in regard to feeds.

For many species, feed is also a major contributor to the overall environmental impact of aquaculture because the production of some of the key ingredients used in making feed itself creates environmental pressures that need to be addressed.

Michiel Fransen, Standards and Certification Coordinator for ASC says, “the Standard will set out the requirements for the aquaculture feed industry to operate on a more environmentally sound and socially responsible basis. The project will introduce consistency

Date

Time

When you feed with Aller Gold you get: • the optimum mix of raw materials to suppor t the best possible FCR, growth and health of your trout • a thoroughly researched and tested feed at a competitive price • a seasonally optimised feed for optimum effect at no extra cost (ALLER GOLD is included in our Temperature Adapted Feeds concept for both the Spring Edition and

the Winter Edition) Hans Erik Bylling, CEO of Aller Aqua explains: “Aller Gold is one of our finest products for trout and it is a product that I am proud of selling to our customers. I receive a lot of positive feedback on both technical quality and performance. Our R&D department, led by Dr Hanno Slawski, continuously works hard at getting the best results that we can pass on to our customers, and I can see all the hard work paying off.”

Venue

Workshop Bangkok http:// www.nor-fishing.no/en/ exhibitors-2015/

4 August 2015

10:00 – 15:00 (lunch is included)

THE REMBRANDT HOTEL BANGKOK Address: 19 Sukhumvit Soi 18, Sukhumvit Road, Bangkok

Workshop Ho Chi Minh City

5 August 2015

10:00 – 15:00 (lunch is included)

EDENSTAR HOTEL Address: 38 Bui Thi Xuan str., Ben Thanh Ward, Dist.1, HCMC

Workshop Guangzhou

7 August 2015

10:00 – 15:00 (lunch is included)

JIANGUA HOTEL Address: 172 Linhe Road Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou

Workshop Santiago

11 August 2015

10:00 – 15:00 (lunch is included)

PRESIDENTE SUITES SANTIAGO Address: Luis Thayer Ojeda 383, Providencia, Santiago

under taken. Individual feedback is generally not be given by the Committee on the comments provided. It cer tainly helps the whole process even if you totally agree with the standard being developed.

In this case, seafood species that need feed in order to complete their growing cycle have come under undue criticism. Feed is an

into the way in which the aquaculture feed industry has been asked to address sustainability and social responsibility issues concerning feed.”

He added, “the Steer ing Committee, Technical Working Groups and Secretary have now approved the initial draft of the ASC Responsible Feed Standard to be open for public consultation

Aller gold trials show excellent feed conversation rate results

I

ascaqua.org/index.cfm?act=tekst. item&iid=311&iids=313&lng=1).

In addition, four outreach events are being organised to present the standard and receive public feedback. These events will be held in as follows: Registration is impor tant for catering purposes so please refer to ASC website for instructions on this point.

Interest in the responsible use of aquafeeds is broader than managing the impacts of feed use in the farming system alone (e.g. controlling pollution from excessive use) and extends to questions about the environmental and social impact created by the production systems used to produce the various ingredients.

A wide variety of plant, animal and other Ingredients are currently used in formulated feeds with the dominant categories being various plant derived products (e.g. soy, wheat, rice, corn), fishmeal and oil and meat by-products. In addition to these main ingredient categories there are smaller quantities of additives used such as additional nutrients, pharmaceuticals and probiotics, amongst others.

The raw material production creates both environmental and social issues, at both the raw material production and processing points of the supply chain.These can include habitat loss, over-harvesting, loss of threatened species, pollution and exploitation of workers, amongst others. The purpose of this Standard is to provide a means to reduce the environmental and social impact created by the production of raw materials used for aquaculture feed significantly.

The ASC Responsible Feed Standard will eventually replace the feed ingredient requirements within individual, species-specific ASC Farm Standards. ASC certified farms will eventually need to use ASC certified feed in order to be certifiable.

from June 30th until September 11th, 2015. The ASC Responsible Feed Project follows the ISEAL Guidelines for Setting Social and Environmental Standards v6.0. An impor tant par t of the standard setting process are two public consultation periods.

During these public consultation periods all stakeholders (industry and non-industry) can provide feedback on the draft versions of the standard.”

The Steering Committee of the ASC Responsible Feed Standard welcomes feedback on this initial draft standard from all relevant stakeholder s. The consultation documents are available at the ASC website: (http://www.

n trials carried out on an independent Danish fish farm under general production conditions, Aller Gold showed excellent results.

The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found to be between 0.68 0.80 for fish up to 180 gr.

The ongoing trials were initiated by Aller Aqua to document that Aller Gold is performing at a constant high level at all times, and we are glad to say that we

were not disappointed. FCR was consistently low and star ted below 0.7 for 50 gr fish.

During recent years a continuous improvement in the recipe has been carried out to enhance feed performance and competitiveness. Aller Aqua Research is constantly testing and choosing the best performing raw materials of the highest quality to ensure firstclass feeds to our customers.

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

NEWS

AQUACULTURE

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

Ten heads and ten tails: Dr Young Cho’s parables about making sure results are adding up

E

ach year, I have the chance to supervise many graduate students, carry out peer-review of scientific publications, host foreign scientists and pay a visit to the Research and Development personnel of different public and private institutions and research facilities in different parts of the world. During my numerous interactions with all these people, I am given the chance to review the results of exciting research projects. I enjoy discussing results, what they mean, how they are making the field of aquaculture nutrition evolve, etc.

Strangely enough however, now I am finding that most of my attention and time is devoted to verification of reliability of the results and to troubleshooting of problems. I am slowly but surely becoming highly skeptical right from the start!

As a PhD student at the University of Guelph a couple decades ago, I studied under the mentorship of Dr C. Young Cho, a colourful “no non-sense” scientist who has taught me much about the process of science and research. Dr Cho retired 15 years ago and I am often reminiscing about the things he used to tell the young grad student I was. He always had many vivid and compelling real life stories or fables to share.

When discussing research results, he once told me: “Someone has 10 fish and this person cuts each fish in half and throws them in a cooking pot. The person should therefore have 10

Number crunching – Norway 94.5 - the total percentage of all aquaculture production in Norway in 2014 that was Salmon 5.1 - the percentage of all aquaculture that is the species of rainbow trout in 2014 41.1 - billion - the value of salmon in Norwegian Krone (NOK) in 2014 6,350 - total number of people employed in aquaculture production in 2014 1,467 - total number of valid aquaculture licenses in 2014 83,000 - the total length of Norwegian coastline, including fjords and islands 7 - the globally ranked place of Norwegian aquaculture production amount in 2009 (Sources (1-5): Statistics Norway – http://www.ssb.no/) (Sources (6-7): FAO - http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/NOR/en/)

heads and 10 tails in his pot. Now, the person counts the fish and he is finding 11 heads and 9 tails. He may only be off by 10 percent but there is something fundamentally wrong going on!”

That was Dr Cho’s whimsical way of telling me that results, whether from a chemical analysis or from a research trial, should be logical and that biological or analytical variability is sometimes a nice excuse for work relatively poorly done.

To illustrate with an example: In recent months, I had the chance of reviewing the results from a number of digestibility trials carried out by my own research group or by some collaborators or during peer-review of scientific manuscripts for journals. Up to a few years ago, I have not realised all that could go wrong with estimating the apparent digestibility of nutrients of diets and feed ingredients! And no, I am not talking about the methods used for collecting the fecal material! The fish nutrition community has been discussing the issue of fecal collection method for years and yet sometimes overlooks basic issues.

When carrying out a digestibility trial, a digestion indicator (e.g. chromic oxide, yttrium oxide) is generally carefully incorporated in the experimental diets at a pre-determined, concentration (e.g. 0.5 percent, 100 ppm). However, for a good 30 percent of the digestibility results (sample analysis) that I am reviewing each year, the concentration of the digestion indicator of the experimental diets measured (or reported by the lab) for the experimental diets does not concur with the levels that were incorporated in the diet. How can this be?

"As a PhD student at the University of Guelph a couple decades ago, I studied under the mentorship of Dr C. Young Cho, a colourful “no non-sense” scientist who has taught me much about the process of science and research" In digestibility trials like in most other nutrition trials, the experimental diets are combination of different ingredients included a pre-determined level and that are blended to form a homogenous mix.

Consequently, nutrient content of a diet sample should reflect the weighted average of the said nutrient concentration of the different ingredients used. Again, it is surprisingly common to see chemical analysis values for experimental diets that are not reflection of the weighted average of the nutrient composition of the ingredients!

Every nutritionist knows that (gross) energy is a property of nutrients.

Consequently, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of gross energy (GE) should be the weighted average of the ADCs of crude protein, lipids and carbohydrate of the feed. In several digestibility studies I have reviewed in recent years, the ADC of GE is not a reflection of the weighted average of ADC of protein, lipids and carbohydrate.

Where is the problem? Does it lies in the (careless) preparation of experimental diets or in poor reliability of the chemical analyses carried out? The latter is generally the most probable reason.

Mathematical or calculation errors are also not that uncommon.

I have learned from Dr Cho that one has to be skeptical about his own results and that every researcher is responsible for ensuring that the results are logical. This doesn’t mean that one has to be omniscient or know from the start what results to expect in all cases. However, there are a number of aspects that needs to add up. The process by which someone determines whether different elements add up can actually be an effective method for verifying the quality and reliability of research endeavours.

Agree or disagree? Let me know! dbureau@uoguelph.ca

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

NEWS

Scottish Sea Farms, BioMar, and the University of Stirling.

Atlantic salmon is the UK’s largest food expor t, with a retail value of over £1bn. With demand for Scottish salmon increasing in traditional markets such as the US and France, and emerging export markets such as China, the Scottish Government has set increased production targets for 2020. Progress on the use of cleaner fish such as wrasse and lumpfish to control sea lice on fish farms will suppor t the industry’s work to raise production.

Cohabitation of salmon with cleaner fish, especially wrasse, has been shown to significantly reduce the sea lice challenge to salmon – an issue that has hampered growth in the industry.

It can also help to reduce the usage of licensed anti-lice medicines on farms.

The previous use of wrasse in fish farms has largely involved the collection of wild wrasse, a solution which is not sustainable.

However, the culture of wrasse is in its infancy in the UK, and production challenges have limited the deployment of farmed wrasse.

This project brings together aca-

demics leading wrasse research in the UK with major salmon producers to solve the bottlenecks limiting productivity, and to improve the quality and delousing efficacy of farmed wrasse.

Building on proof of concept established in previous research, the SAIC project will extend current knowledge through to upscaling of hatchery technologies; optimisation of cleaner fish welfare in salmon cages; and prototyping in the commercial environment.

Project outcomes will include commercial protocols, research tools and a new knowledge of the biology of the ballan wrasse.

This will permit production of a handbook that individual farmers in Scotland – including SMEs - can use as a beginning-to-end guide on the breeding and husbandry of farmed wrasse.

Heather Jones, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre, said: “The Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre’s role is to bring industry and academia together to help grow the industry sustainably through innovation. This project exactly fits that bill; sea lice control heads SAIC’s list of Priority Innovation Areas. Our grant funding has galvanised an industry-academic collaboration

that not only leverages substantial investment, but will feed into Scottish economic growth.”

S t e ve B r a c k e n , B u s i n e s s Suppor t Manager at Marine Har vest (Scotland) Ltd, added: “The deployment of wrasse as a means to control sea lice should increase the availability of farm sites, reduce medication costs and increase production efficiency. All parts of the industry – from large companies such as ourselves, to SMEs - will see benefits from this, and the already-excellent reputation of Scottish salmon will be enhanced.”

And the academic lead on the project team, Professor Her vé Migaud, Professor in Fish Physiology and Director of Research at Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, commented: “The Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre’s support and funding will enable us to extend this project from proof of concept to the commercial environment.

The impact of the research will be considerable in both scientific and economic terms. In addition, PhD and Masters students at the Institute of Aquaculture have the opportunity to gain research exper tise in one of the aquaculture industry’s most pressing issues.”

eries and aquaculture women’s groups in Mexico. Veronica has always been ver y suppor tive of aquaculture and has actively played a major role in Mexico's strategic planning for more than a decade. Recently she was part of the team that coordinated the National Development Plan of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Mexico, where she made sure that gender issues were always

addressed. Since the elaboration of this plan Mexican aquaculture has improved 32 percent.

According to Antonio Garza de Yta, Director General of Planning, Programming and Evaluation at CONAPESC A and President LACC,World Aquaculture Society, “Veronica is a silent warrior who needs to be honoured. It has been an enormous pleasure to collaborate with her in recent years and there is no doubt whatsoever that Veronica is a role model to any person who has contact with her. She is a synonym of professionalism and hard work.”

Alleviating poverty and malnutrition is a major issue in Mexico and as a means of supporting the poor population, the federal government has invested around US$150 million through CONAPESCA to support more than 36,000 families in 145 municipalities in 22 of the 32

states of Mexico.

In Mexico the role of women in the rural environment and the development of aquaculture is of utmost importance. Aquaculture production models are at three levels, namely extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive with rural integration, varying according to climate and activities integrated with land and animal husbandry.

Veronica is currently collaborating in the Depar tment of Planning and International Affairs for CONAPESC A and has worked tirelessly for the organisation in areas such as administration, management, governance and strategic planning. Veronica has shown willingness for transferring knowledge and technology and developing within the sector an increasing capability and capacity to ensure the issues of gender are well covered.

Wrasse project offers production boost to Scottish salmon industry

T

he Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre has kicked off a £4 million applied research project to upscale the use of farmed wrasse in commercial salmon farms.

The new project, now rolling out on Scotland’s West Coast, has the potential to increase productivity on salmon farms and reduce the use of medicines in the industr y. With the project agreement in place, the project team can set about taking validated lab research through to full application in the commercial environment.

The deployment of farmed wrasse to control sea lice on farms could lead to the creation of new jobs in rural communities, not just in salmon production, but in wrasse production and management. Wrasse can co-habit with salmon in the same pens and can be used as ‘cleaner fish’ to remove sea lice from the salmon.

The Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) has awarded grant funding of £831,530 to this cleaner fish project. The grant has leveraged contributions worth £3.01 million from Marine Harvest (Scotland),

First woman of the month award for Latin America

A

quaculture without Frontiers is very pleased to announce that Veronica Esquivel Medina from Mazatlán, Mexico is our Woman of the Month for July. This is the first such award presented to anyone in Latin America.

A current leader for all women who are working in the fisheries and aquaculture sector in Mexico, Veronica is an example of hard work, honesty and collaboration.

She is always involved in young professionals’ career development and everyone seeks her out for her advice.

Veronica has always fought for the rights of women in Mexican policies and has led several fish-

6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

Aquaculture empowers women to improve nutrition

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture without Frontiers

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

NEWS

i i i i i i i i i i

The Aquaculturists

A regular look inside the aquaculture industry Italians annoyed over the size of clams they can have with their spaghetti The EU has been criticised recently for imposing a minimum size for fishing clams in the Mediterranean.

Italian press reports that these rules limit the ability to enjoy the traditional dish of spaghetti with clams. bit.ly/1VOBIWt

Growing number of ASC accredited auditors The number of auditors trained to assess farms against the ASC standards is steadily increasing. Following training workshops held last month in Bangkok on ASC's shrimp and tilapia standards, a fur ther 12 auditors are now ready to carry out audits on farms seeking ASC certification. bit.ly/1Dbd1O9

Skretting: Marketing manager Latin America, Asia and Africa; Application deadline 24 August Skretting wants to strengthen product development and marketing in markets outside Europe and the salmon segment. bit.ly/1IMQxFz

Feedback on ASC's operational review published The feedback from the public consultation of ASC's pangasius, tilapia and salmon standards is now available on the ASC website. bit.ly/1KBYCdq

www.theaquaculturists .blogspot.com

A

wF Director, John Forster, pointed out a recent US Aid Newsletter which highlighted the importance of aquaculture and women in assisting with the global issues of poverty and hunger.

Interestingly the example mentioned was in Nepal, a country currently suffering the enormous effects of a recent earthquake, Nepal was a country where AwF had helped establish aquaculture – see project reports 2008-2012. I particularly recall Ram Bhujel (AIT and AwF Volunteer) saying at the AwF Session during a WAS-APC Conference in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, how important AwF had been in his birthplace (Nepal) in showing that aquaculture was possible and also empowering women to engage.

As the US aid newsletter states, “In rural Nepal, widespread poverty is compounded by the lack of access to high-quality, nutritious foods.” According to a recent report from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 41 percent of children under the age of five are chronically malnourished, and anemia is a significant problem, afflicting 47 percent of children and 36 percent of women.

One approach to mitigate the occurrence of anemia and to improve the overall health of rural Nepalese is to supplement their diets with vitaminrich protein sources, such as fish. Researchers from Nepal’s Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) recognised the potential of aquaculture to help address this widespread nutritional deficit, and their recent effort in Nepal successfully established more than 70 family-run fishponds, all managed by women. In the first year of operation, the ponds produced over 500 kg of fish for household consumption.

Looking back at AwF Project reports I read that an aquaculture awareness program was organised, this involved gathering a group of women and using computers from a higher secondary school in the village. A program produced on CD that was based on the “Women in Aquaculture Project” in Chitwan was shown, followed by questions and answers. Even at that stage organisers were reporting that a lot of women had shown their interest.

From that report I read, “Altogether 52 families applied and showed interest in culturing fish on their land which was almost double the number the project team had expected. Full technical support (training, field visit and fry supply) was offered to all of them, and a partial financial support was extended to all of them dividing them into two categories i.e. very poor and poor; with more support to the former.”

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

According to US Aid, ‘Researchers intend to train more women in effective aquaculture techniques by establishing women’s groups to educate rural Nepalese on fish farming practices and the nutritional benefits associated with household fish production.

The nutritional aspect was also highlighted by WorldFish Senior Nutrition Advisor, Dr Shakuntala Thilsted in her plenary speech at WA2015 in Jeju ‘How can Aquaculture Contribute to the Diets of the Poor’.

Dr Thilsted highlighted that the characteristics of a healthy diet for the poor included natural foods which are locally produced; culturally acceptable (taste, texture, colour, flavour, etc); affordable; high in nutritional quality; safe and available year round.

Fish and other aquatic foods are rich in several essential micronutrients especially Vitamin A (animal sourced foods have the only preformed source); retinol, fish also has Vitamin A2 – dehydroretinol); Vitamin B12 (animal sourced foods are the only dietary source); Riboflavin, Vitamin D (animal sourced foods are the only dietary source); Vitamin E, Available Iron (animal sourced foods are the only dietary source of haem iron) and available zinc, calcium and phosphorous.

Shakuntala indicated the diversity of species had an effect on a healthy diet and called upon the aquaculture industry to ensure the spread of species in fish, other aquatic animals and plants to ensure we all benefited. This way we would meet the preferences of more people, enabling various forms of preparation for different meals and snacks suitable for all sorts of occasions. It would increase the frequency and quantity of consumption, increase seasonal variety, and increase the likelihood of covering multiple nutritional needs.

One of the challenges of bringing new practices to rural women in Nepal, or for that matter in many countries, is that more than half of them are illiterate and cannot be reached through traditional methods such as distributing written materials.

AwF are supporters of the concept of empowering rural women to grow and consume fish from their own backyards, and are working on a number of project concepts. It is by giving the women the means to combat the daunting threats of anemia and malnutrition in their households. Better access to more diverse food sources means that families have the chance to increase their resilience and food security in some of the world’s most remote corners. http://feedthefuture.gov/article/aquaculture -helps-women-nepal-improve-household-nutrition

NEWS

Added value of Early Warning System (EWS)

by Johan den Hartog, Managing Director, GMP+ International

M

ost of the feed and food safety assurance systems are focussed on prevention of contamination of feed and food materials with undesirable substances or microbiological agents. A certification scheme has three main components: the normative references, the assurance and corrective action tools, and the rules of certification.

The normative references determine what is considered as a safe product for consumption, or what is sustainable or responsible related to environment or society. The rules of certification are about the certification process of companies applying for a certificate against the involved certification scheme, which the certification bodies have to apply and comply with.

The assurance and corrective action tools are the instruments and procedures, which the company obtaining a certificate have to apply in the daily business operations. The assurance tools are focused on preventive actions and measurements in order to avoid the occurrence of contamination.

A starting point for the control of potential risk is the application of prerequisite programs in order to create a basic level of control. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) approach is important to identify in advance the remaining risks in the process and operations and to determine appropriate control measures, as well as a monitoring plan.

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

Figure 1: Number of EWS notifications in 2011 – 2014 We realised that additional reasons are valuable to notify in any case of exceeding the maximum permitted level, also if other companies are not involved. Firstly, it is relevant to learn about the cause and source of contamination. That can be taken into account in risk assessments. Secondly, a complete overview enables to communicate about the effectiveness of feed safety assurance (risk communication) in daily practise.

i i i i i i i i i i

Get more daily industry news at the

Aquaculturists

The purchased/supplied ingredients could be a risk. For feed or food safety, a full control of the supply chain is a relevant option, which is followed in the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance certification. Application

Facts about 2013-2014

At this moment GMP+ International is preparing an evaluation of the EWS notifications of 2013 and 2014. In general the figures show that there have been more notifications in 2013 and 2014 than the years before. This increase in the number of notifications was related to mycotoxins. It is also good to realise that sometimes more than one EWS message has been related to the same case.

Most of the reported issues are controlled in an early stage.

Only a limited number were related to a more or less serious feed safety emergency. In 2013 this was aflatoxin in maize and in 2014 this was furazolidon in in soymix. Because of these two safety issues, the requirements to notify have become stricter.

Before 2015, GMP+ FSA certified companies were only obliged to notify contamination levels above maximum permitted level, in case the situation was not fully under control of the involved company and could affect other companies too. End 2014, we introduced the obligation to notify every exceeding of the maximum permitted level of an undesirable substance to GMP+ International as well as the certification body. This notification as well as informing the customers is considered so crucial for the effectiveness of the control of a safety incident, that non-compliance is classified as a critical non-conformity with withdrawal of the GMP+ FSA certificate as a consequence.

GMP+ International always tries to find out the source and cause of contamination, because that could be relevant for the risk assessments and could contribute to avoid occurrence in the future. The GMP+ FSA certified companies observe these EWS messages as worthwhile, because it increases their alertness regarding specific risks.

It adds also value in comparison of the Rapid Alerts System Feed & Food (RASFF) of the European Union, due to more details and quick publication. The most important causes of contamination (figure 2) are natural exposure and genesis during processing.

Process aids can also be a source, which need to be considered in the risk assessments.

Want more industry news?

Try our daily online news service. www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com 8 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

NEWS

Figure 2: Cause of contamination of EWS notifications, 2013 – 2104 My final conclusion is that EWS is a worthwhile measurement in addition to all kind of preventive actions. It contributes to reduce the spread out of contaminated material in the market and therefore, it contributes to reduce the size of a feed safety emergency. Damage control is a shared responsibility and this also applies to feed safety.

of a quality management system makes it possible to ensure control measures and monitoring plan in the daily operations in a consistent way.

Besides the preventive measures, also corrective actions need a company to apply in the event of the occurrence of a contamination of a certain consignment. In that case, it is about traceability; recall procedures, and early warning. The aim of these measurements is to reduce the distribution of contaminated lot(s) of feed or food material in the market or withdraw it in order to limit the negative impact on feed safety in the production chain as much as possible.

Within the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) certification, the Early Warning System (EWS) is essential to reduce the impact of a contam-

ination and operates as follows. It is not alone a matter of the primary involved company, but also of other companies. If a certified company determines a level of undesirable substance(s) exceeding the maximum permitted level, it is obliged – besides taking the appropriate control and corrective measurements and informing its customers – to notify GMP+ International as well as the involved certification body and the competent official authority if applicable.

This notification has a relevant reason. GMP+ International assesses each EWS notification and decides, together with involved par ticipants, if and which measures are necessary to prevent or limit damage in subsequent chains. These may include measures taken by GMP+ International.

The primary focus of the company is to inform involved suppliers and customers, blocking contaminated batches, investigate the cause of contamination and take corrective measures.

The primary focus of GMP+ International is to alert the other GMP+ FSA participants about the occurrence of a concrete contamination event in the market, if the contaminated lots are delivered by supply chain partner(s), or the contaminated lots are or can be delivered to other companies in the market.

In that case, GMP+ International informs all other GMP+ FSA participants about the involved product (generic name), the kind of undesirable substance(s), the detected level(s), and the country of origin.

The company involved will not be published. When other GMP+ FSA participants are also buying or dealing with the reported product from the mentioned origin, they can take the right control measures, like sampling and analysing or asking guarantees of his supplier. The primary focus of the certification body is to monitor the application of the appropriate actions and measurements by the involved feed company.

Travelling?

No internet?

No problem!

Download our editions with the ISSUU app and read them offline

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 9

FEATURE

New Croatian–Norwegian company exhibits at Aqua Nor for the first time

C

Mr Malvin Villabø, Director, CroNoMar

All images courtesy of CroNoMara©

roNoMar d.o.o. is a Norwegian-owned innovation company in Croatia, founded with the aim of identifying and realising new business opportunities in order to establish partnerships between Norwegian and Croatian companies within the marine/ maritime sector and related industries.

The company’s CEO, Norwegian Malvin Villabø, says: “Our mission is to make connections between such companies as well as to assist them in establishing and carrying out real operational partnerships from an early stage through to commercialisation with focus on creating and promoting new business activities (including identifying potential relevant business partners in Croatia, providing QA both for partners and products/ services, providing supervision activities, etc.)”

“Furthermore, CroNoMar is managing an innovating incubator in the Maritime Innovation Centre in Šibenik – iNavis. As an integrated innovation network, CroNoMar is assisting start-up companies and existing companies through consulting, courses and networking” says Mr Villabø.

Cronomar has recently founded a subsidiary company Marin Globe d.o.o., which is a trading company with an operational purchaser role between Croatian manufacturers and customers outside Croatia with focus on price, quality and availability of aftersales services. The company is providing services such as purchasing of marine equipment in a global market for global clients.

The par ticipation of CroNoMar at the international aquaculture technology exhibition Aqua Nor in August 2015 in Trondheim, Norway, is part of an economic mission from Croatia and has been co-financed by the Croatian Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts Entrepreneurial Impulse Programme.

The objective of this economic mission is to present the potential of Croatia and Croatian companies as well as Croatian products and services at the international market, to exchange business information, connect with future partners, establish new contacts and realise partnerships.

As par t of its par ticipation at Aqua Nor 2015, CroNoMar will hold a presentation on 'The potential of the marine/maritime sector in Croatia', which will be held on 20th August from 1030-1230 in meeting room eight. The presentation will be given in English by Mr Malvin Villabø, CEO of CroNoMar d.o.o, Croatia. Attendance is free of charge.

In addition to CroNoMar, there will be also three other Croatian companies taking part in AquaNor 2015.

10 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

FEATURE

Kenya Government and FAO launch Blue Growth Initiative in Kenya

T

he launch was held in Mombasa, Kenya, led by the acting Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Mr Adan Mohamed and FAO Representative in Kenya Dr Luca Alinovi. In attendance was county leadership from Kilifi, Kwale, Mombasa and TanaRiver counties.

In his opening remarks, Mr Mohamed noted that sustainability of fish supply in our waters requires concerted attention.

“Improvements targeted across the various aspects of fisheries management, as well as regulatory barriers, difficulty in accessing funding, fragmented research and development, and poor access to markets need to be addressed.

Particular attention may be given to empowering the small/rural or ar tisanal fishermen and fish farmers who contribute consistently to the seafood supply chain, but do not have the capacity to optimise their farming or fish catch.” he noted.

The inland aquaculture sector continues to grow, but mariculture is lagging behind. While most of the current aquaculture production is based in freshwater fish farming, there exists a lot of potential in mariculture (aquaculture in coastal and marine environments) on the extensive Kenya coast.

‘We can sustainability develop mariculture through improving the governance and management of the aquatic eco-sys-

Yara expands valueadded production capacity in Sluiskil, Netherlands

Y

ar a is investing US$ 263 million in Sluiskil, Netherlands to increase granulation capacity enabling increased production of granular urea with sulphur, and nitrates.

tems, conservation of biodiversity and habitats and most importantly, empower vulnerable communities engaged in small-scale production to act as resource users and stewards’ noted Dr Alinovi.

Implementing BGI through the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) in Kenya

developed two projects worth a total of US$1 million from the BGI, namely ‘In Support of Food Security and Nutrition, Pover ty Alleviation and Healthy Oceans’ and ‘In suppor t of implementation of mariculture in Kenya within an ecosystems approach’.

Both projects aim to increase knowledge of water basin to coral reef ecosystem ser vices suppor ting food, nutrition and livelihood security so as to guide and improve investment in sustainable coastal mariculture. This includes a better integration

by a five-day training workshop on implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA).

The EAA strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking account of the knowledge and uncertainties of biotic, abiotic and human components of ecosystems including their interactions, flows and processes and applying an integrated approach within ecologically and operationally meaningful boundaries.

The general objective of the workshop is to inform and train

The EAA is best implemented within a national aquaculture policy with a regulatory framework that promotes the growth of a healthy and competitive aquaculture sector while providing protections from threats such as disease spread, pollution and environmental degradation.

Mr Mohamed reiterated Kenya’s commitment to developing fisheries in Kenya. “I wish to stress that my ministry is committed to making the fisheries sector one of the key pillars of economic growth in Kenya” he said.

“It is therefore my strong belief that the modest initiative my ministr y is star ting with FAO and other developing par tners through these projects today will culminate in oppor tunities for major investments, additional livelihoods for the coastal communities and overall well-being for the Kenyan people as envisaged in Kenya’s development Blue Print Vision 2030”.

In collabor ation with the Government of Kenya, FAO has

The BGI is designed around capture fisheries, sustainable aquaculture, livelihoods and food systems, and economic growth from aquatic ecosystem services. It is also bringing support and more attention to enhance the implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture (EAF/EAA).

The launch is to be followed

managers, developers, farmers and other relevant stakeholders on the EAA and how to develop EAA management plans for mariculture areas in Kenya that incorporate other users of the coastal zones.

The workshop will produce better-informed stakeholders on the EAA and its potential for aquaculture management at local and national level, and improved understanding of aquaculture for stakeholders outside the agricultural sector. It is expected that one or more draft management plans for piloting in selected aquaculture management areas and recommendations for the national aquaculture strategy in the context of EAA will be realised.

In 2011, Yara completed the construction of a new world scale urea solution plant in Sluiskil which partly feeds an old prilling unit producing 400,000 tons of urea annually. With this investment, the prilling unit will be replaced by a new urea granulator also designed for production of urea with sulphur, a product that is sold with a premium to regular urea. The new granulator will have an annual capacity of 660,000 tons

of urea with sulphur. In parallel with increasing urea production, Sluiskil will reduce UAN (Urea/ Ammonium Nitrate fer tiliser) production by around 230,000 tons per annum, freeing up nitric acid capacity enabling 130,000 tons per annum of additional C AN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) production.

“In Europe and gradually also in other regions of the world, agricultural soils are lacking sulphur, which is an essential plant

nutrient. With this investment we are able to serve a growing demand, helping farmers improve both yield and crop quality while contributing to improved nitrogen efficiency,” says Torgeir Kvidal, president and chief executive officer of Yara International ASA. The new plant will be based on technology developed by Yara.

Construction will start in 2015, with completion expected in second half 2017.

"I wish to stress that my ministry is committed to making the fisheries sector one of the key pillars of economic growth in Kenya" of the sector into other activities in the coastal zones so as to increase understanding in conser ving and improving coastal ecosystem services.

Elaborating the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 11

NEWS

Biomin mycotoxin survey: Focus on the main risks in aquafeed

levels above 1000ppb.

Deoxynivalenol, one of the most common mycotoxins, is highly toxic to rainbow trout: reduction of feed efficiency and growth occurs at levels of 1ppm. Salmon feed contaminated with 3.6 parts per million (ppm) caused a 20 percent reduction in feed intake and an 18 percent increase in FCR. Long-term exposure effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) reported in carp showed that exposure to 0.5 and 5.0mg per kg body weight is not lethal to young carp, but can produce adverse physiological effects with kidney and liver being the key target organs for FB1 action.

found worldwide—aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA)— species have not yet been fully eluwere analysed in all of the samples quaculture feeds have (see Table 1). moved away from their cidated.

However, several studies have In addition, a specific survey which dependence on fishmeal included 41 aquafeed samples (fish/ as the main protein source and reported the detrimental effects of shrimp) from the Asian region was now rely mainly on plant protein mycotoxins at low levels.

For example, Pangasius fed diets included. sources. How then will this affect More than three-quarters of the mycotoxin exposure in aquatic contaminated with 60 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin suffer affects aquafeed samples were co-conanimals? taminated with two mycotoxins or With fishmeal and fish oil on their growth and increased liver more and 93 percent of samples becoming increasingly expensive, damage. A different study, also with contained at least one mycothe inclusion of terrestrial plant- Pangasius, showed that at levels of toxin. The highest incidence was based proteins in commercial aqua- 50ppb the fishes' resistance to chalobserved for DON at 68 percent, culture feeds has gained widespread lenge by the bacterium Edwardsiela followed by ZEN and Afla at 59 acceptance. Even feeds for carnivo- ictaluri is reduced. Another study percent each.The average Afla conrous species are now formulated to on yellow catfish with AFB1 levels centration was 49ppb, a level that contain more than 50-70 percent above 250ppb showed increased feed conversion rate (FCR) and Aquafeed samples poses a health risk to aqua species. of plant-derived matter.

One aquafeed sample contained A common problem that arises reduced weight gain. In shrimp, contaminated from the use of plant ingredients is levels as low as 20ppb have been In the Biomin Mycotoxin FUM at 7534ppb.

Corn samples contained the the presence of mycotoxins - toxic found to reduce weight gain.

Survey 2014, the main ingrediDiets contaminated with ents intended for the aquacul- highest average and maximum consecondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi which fre- 100ppb Zearalenone (ZEN) ture industry including corn, corn centrations of Afla, ZEN, DON quently contaminate agricultural reduced weight and increased DDGS, soybean meal, wheat, wheat and FUM among all samples. As FCR in white shrimp, while bran and rice bran were evaluated. expected, DON and FUM were the commodities.

Mycotoxins are mainly produced survival was affected with ZEN The five most common mycotoxins most frequently found mycotoxins in corn with a prevalence of under warm and moist con72 percent each, followed by ditions typical of the tropical Table 1: Detailed results of mycotoxin occurrence by commodity ZEN at 55 percent. and subtropical countries

Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA The highest Afla, DON where most aquaculture Aqua Number of samples tested 37 37 37 41 37 and FUM prevalence was is practiced. Temperature Feed % of contaminated samples 59% 59% 68% 51% 57% observed in corn DDGS. resistant, mycotoxins are not Average of positives (ppb) 49 71 162 637 2 The highest average level destroyed by the heat and Maximum (ppb) 221 306 413 7,534 5 and maximum concentrapressure of pelleting and Corn Number of samples tested 1010 1557 1834 766 970 879 tion of OTA was determined extrusion. % of contaminated samples 22% 55% 72% 16% 72% 5% in soybean meal samples at 24ppb and 141ppb respecCrop contamination Average of positives (ppb) 49 443 2,651 74 2,974 3 tively. DON is the most over 25 percent Maximum (ppb) 1,352 16,495 29,600 852 154,000 41 common mycotoxin found The Council for Corn Number of samples tested 59 61 58 42 59 55 DDGS in wheat samples with an Agricultural Sciences and % of contaminated samples 41% 74% 83% 26% 78% 29% incidence of 56 percent. The Technology (CAST) in 2003 Average of positives (ppb) 13 250 834 28 1,808 4 highest average T-2 level was estimated that 25 percent Maximum (ppb) 196 3,600 5,941 80 27,665 22 detected in wheat samples of the world's crop producSoybean Number of samples tested 79 79 80 59 79 79 at 100ppb. The highest incition was contaminated with Meal % of contaminated samples 13% 24% 16% 3% 15% 20% dence of DON among all mycotoxins.

Average of positives (ppb) 3 17 278 12 117 24 samples was determined Over the past 10 years in wheat bran samples. The of the Biomin Mycotoxin Maximum (ppb) 10 101 1,166 13 746 141 highest prevalence of Afla Survey, the evaluation of Wheat Number of samples tested 160 339 523 147 148 166 (40 percent) was deteralmost 33,000 samples from % of contaminated samples 8% 32% 56% 12% 14% 9% mined in rice bran. around the world revealed Average of positives (ppb) 11 75 882 100 350 3 Mycotoxin analyses in that more than three Maximum (ppb) 87 2,115 28,864 1,300 2,935 10 this survey clearly indicate quarters of these samples Wheat Number of samples tested 67 69 69 17 60 62 that constant monitoring were contaminated with at Bran % of contaminated samples 3% 28% 93% 18% 17% 26% of mycotoxins is important. least one mycotoxin and 43 Average of positives (ppb) 2 124 760 5 605 3 An effective mycotoxin risk percent of all samples were Maximum (ppb) 3 1,491 3,806 10 4,333 18 management program is co-contaminated with two Rice Number of samples tested 25 25 25 17 25 24 essential in order to protect or more toxins.

Bran animals from the negative While in terrestrial animals % of contaminated samples 40% 56% 8% 0% 72% 21% impacts of mycotoxins on the toxic effects of mycoAverage of positives (ppb) 5 43 24 85 4 their health and perfortoxins have been widely Maximum (ppb) 11 200 25 282 18 mance. studied, the effects in aquatic

A

12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

NEWS

New laboratory and fish research facilities opens in Vietnam

S

outh East Asia and Vietnam in particular has received a boost to its aquaculture development with the opening of a refurbished and revitalized fish-research facility at Nong Lam University, in the Thu Duc District of Saigon. Called the Biomin Aquaculture Centre for Applied Nutrition (ACAN) the centre will share the laboratories on site with two other companies.

The Erber Group, which is the holding company for Biomin, Sanphar and Romer Labs, has acquired and refurbished the facilities that were previously operated in partnership with the university by Novus until 2014.

Joining three companies interests together has meant the facility will play a vital role in not only aquaculture in Vietnam, but for aquaculture research throughout the whole region as well as for land-based livestock production.

The aquatic facilities, which will carry out more than 14 trials, specific to the Asia region, over the next 12 months, has four fully equipped laboratories as well as a major recirculation system with an extensive water quality control capability.

Biomin’s ACAN centre was opened on June 29, 2015 following a half-day seminar in the city followed by a traditional fanfare and celebration at the centre itself.

Located on the campus of Nong Lam University, in the Thu Duc District on the outskirts of the city, the centre offers full laboratory services plus up to five independent reticulation tank systems for trail work on a variety of fish and shrimp species.

The laboratories at the centre are equipped to carr yout DNA and RNA extraction along with full PCR evaluations in addition to normal feed and food testing. The centre even has an extruder for preparing short-run rations The centre is to be jointly oper ated by Biomin and Sanphar – as its Animal Health Research Centre – and Romer Labs; all companies within the Erber Group.

Working closely with Nong Lam University, the three companies have shown their clear intention to support Vietnam’s agriculture and aquaculture development.

Opening day seminar

On the day of the opening,

14 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

each of the participating companies hosted a half-day seminar at Hotel Caravelle in downtown Saigon to explain the role the new laboratory and test centre will play for both Vietnam and the region.

NEWS

Six speakers in the Biomin session, presented a range of the trial work now being conducted with a highlight being phytogenics; the screening of natural spices and herbs for their biologically active compounds, especially

their antioxidant, antiviral and antimicrobial effects.

Oregano and Rosemary perform highest in all three categories out of 10 spices and herbs currently under evaluation. However, besides Oregano oil, for its strong antimicrobial effect and antioxidative efficacy, Anis oil is being used for its appetising and antifungal effect, Citrus oil which enhances palatability and antimicrobial activity, all to be combined within a matrixencapsulation which outperforms other fax/ wax-coated prebiotics, Dr Pedro Encarnacao of Biomin in Singapore told attendees.

Phytogenics can also play a significant role in stabilising extruded feeds. For example, matrix encapsulation of active ingredients maintains a 94 percent residual concentration compared to 82 percent from non-encapsulation extruded feeds.

Other topics presented included: multimycotoxin analsyis; the benefits of using AquaStar for its ability to reshape the microbiota in the grow out stage for Nile tilapia; mycotoxins in aquaculture and bioremediation, the reduction of organic waste from feces, feed and dead algae in ponds and the elimination of toxic substances/gases and bad odour delivered by Goncalo Santos Biomin’s research and development manager for aquaculture based in Europe.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 15

Two final presentations were on Nong Lam University and its work in aquaculture and a review of Romer Labs activities by Yong Wee Liau managing director of Romer Labs Singapore.

Partner companies

Nong Lam University not only collaborates with Biomin, but also collaborates with other private corporations including Alltech, Virbac, Schering Plough, Schweizer Biotech, Nutriway, Novus and Aquativ.

However, the Erber Group has a strong, shared collaboration which augers well for the future. Besides Biomin, Founded in 1992, Sanphar Animal Health was acquired by the Erber Group in July 2007. The development of innovative solutions allows Sanphar to offer the veterinary market products and services that meet individual needs for better results in animal husbandry and animal welfare.

Romer Labs was founded in 1982 in the USA and acquired by Erber AG of Austria in 1999 and then established three business units in the USA, Austria and Singapore in 2002 before opening a sales office in Brazil in 2007, a Chinese sales office in 2009 and a UK office in 2010. It offers all the test and analytical equipment for food allergens, mycotoxins and food pathogens.

FEATURE

Aquaculture takes centre stage at MONACO BLUE INITIATIVE 2015 6TH EDITION We must understand that aquaculture is already bigger than any other land based farming, so it is important to work with it through a shared stewardship, rather than campaign against it

T

he last edition of the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) in Chile in 2014 questioned the status and feedback from aquaculture in America, towards a sustainable approach to its development.

The 2015 edition held in Monaco at the Monaco Royal Yacht Club, on June 25-26 2015, pursued these discussions with experts and decision-makers worldwide on the theme: Feeding and fueling the world through sustainable aquaculture.

Whilst it is acknowledged that seafood is now a source of food and income for one quarter of the world’s population there is always pressure on the industry from the conservation NGOs. Today, fisheries catch remains stable but the production of aquaculture continues to rise.

World production of seafood from aquaculture has more than doubled in 12 years, from 32 million to 67 million tonnes in 2012. With no stopping the global population increases there is continuous pressure being applied to ensure sustainable food production.

The MBI program covered the subjects of: Aquaculture to feed the world?; New fron-

tiers for aquaculture; The struggle between quantity and quality – the path to sustainable aquaculture and MPAs and Blue Carbon Towards Ocean & Climate.

The program was aiming to get the delegates to consider the implications of the ocean becoming an area for large-scale cultivation in terms of environmental protection, regulation and collaboration.

Indeed, these new challenges once again highlight the importance of involving scientists, industrialists, NGOs, etc, to the establishment of a sustainable production system and make the best rather than the most of these new resources.

The day started with H.E.M. Bernard Fautrier, Plenipotentiary Minister and CEO of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation and Robert Calcagno, CEO of the Oceanographic Institute, Prince Albert I of Monaco Foundation, introducing the program.

Moderated by François Simard (Polar and Marine Program, International Union for the Conservation of Nature) the first session included panelists Roy Palmer (Association of International Seafood Professionals); Doris Soto (FAO - FIRA); Fabio Massa (GFCM) 16 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

the discussion focused on the fact that aquaculture is happening, is the fastest growing primary industry and that the demand for fish products has increased vastly in the last few years.

Noting that more than one billion people in developing countries depend on fish to survive and 16.5 percent of global protein consumption is from fish with that likely to improve in the future.

In order to get an understanding about the difference between the East and the West in respect of aquaculture Mr Palmer quoted Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), founder of the International Oceans Institute.

This highlights, he said, the importance of the industry to the Asian countries and the failure of the West to come to grips with production.

"That aquaculture has a philosophical base in the East and a scientific base in the West has far-reaching implications.

"In the East, it is culture, it is life: culture to improve life by providing food and employment. It is embedded in the social and economic infrastructure. All that science can and must do is to make this culture more effective.

"In the West, aquaculture is science and technology, embodied in industry and providing profits: money. It has no social infrastructure. In this, the West has much to learn from the East." - Elizabeth Mann Borgese (19182002), Seafarm, The Story of Aquaculture, 1980

FEATURE

The juxtaposition of the yacht harbour in Monaco, with its multi-million dollar vessels, and a wide-ranging debate on how the oceans and aquaculture might contribute to feeding a growing world population, was not lost on the 120 delegates attending the 6th the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) in Monaco in late June. However, the reality is that the wealthy must do more to assist those who are food deprived and the MBI, with a keen eye on sustainability and conservation and under the guidance of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco and his foundation, is taking up that challenge and recognising aquaculture’s vital role

Insufficient thought to governance

The importance of food security and nutrition was seemingly lost in North America, EU and Australia with consistent demand on developing countries to supply the majority of seafood for those countries.

In fact many countries have not given sufficient thought to governance and really understood the difference between wild fishing and aquaculture. This is a failure which clearly is holding many countries back from getting involved in aquaculture.

Getting an understanding that the majority of aquaculture was not about feeding ‘fish-tofish,’ was an important issue and was emphasised by Mr Palmer highlighting that world production of Tilapia was now 4,500,000 tonnes per annum which was the equivalent of 143kg every second of every day.

He pointed out that Tilapia is one of the oldest species aquacultured yet, as mature as it is, as a freshwater white flesh species it is still very much in its infancy on its genetic potential in comparison to Salmon and all terrestrial proteins.

The question will be how much the industry will move forward once such knowledge has been obtained bearing in mind the volumes that are already being harvested. Surely, this will be ‘chicken’ of the 2050’s, if not earlier, he asked

Key element in food security and nutrition

Fish and plants grown in water are a key element in food security and nutrition and need to be linked more to their contribution

to reducing hunger and malnutrition and to supporting livelihoods.

The bio-availability of fish protein is approximately five-to-15 percent higher than that from land plant sources. Fish contain several amino acids essential for human health, especially lysine and methionine. The lipid composition of fish is unique, having longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids with many actual and potential benefits for adult health and child development.

Adding to this aquaculture for the poor is such a compelling story that must not be confused with the important but actually smaller activity of farming fish like Salmon.

Size is not everything

It was stated that small fish are more important in poorer countries for their nutrients/micro-nutrients. Size is not everything when it comes to fish.

In fact small fish consumed whole with bones are massive for vitamins D, A + B, minerals (calcium, phosphorous, iodine, zinc, iron and selenium.

There was an interchange with the audience with the panelists about feed and feeding ‘fish-to-fish’ and it was highlighted that carnivorous fish are not carnivorous in captivity but also in the wild where such fish have a 10:1 feed ratio where as in aquaculture this was vastly improved.

Additionally, it was mentioned that fish, carnivorous or otherwise, in the world have limited chance of survival which is greatly enhanced through aquaculture techniques.

Plastic a major challenge for oceans

A suggestion was that there could be even

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 17

greater attention paid to stopping pollution from land entering the oceans and plastic was highlighted. Noting that some 3.5 million pieces of new plastic enter the world’s oceans daily and that six million tonnes of rubbish every year is dumped into the world’s oceans of which 80 percent is plastic, with an estimated 46,000 pieces of plastic per square mile of ocean, we should all make a conscious effort to change our ways!

Put effort into creating more renewable bio-degradable packaging (especially use of algae) and promoting their use instead of the toxic, non-biodegradable plastics that are currently in use.

Aquaculture needs good, clean quality water – it is land that pollutes the oceans not the other way around!

The future is a shared stewardship but all of us must understand that aquaculture is already bigger than any other land based farming so it is important to work with it, rather than campaign against it.

It was mentioned that ‘escapes’ are often used as a deterrent about aquaculture but it seems to be forgotten by those that use that issue against aquaculture that one of the great things about aquaculture is the opportunity for stock enhancement for various species around the world.

Enhancing stocks for the wild using the example of 40 percent of Alaskan ‘wild’ salmon actually coming from the aquaculture hatcheries and Rainbow Trout being grown by various government hatcheries in Australia and then released specifically for recreational fishermen – many of whom are paying a licence fee for the privilege to fish the ‘escaped’ fish.

In fact the breeding of endangered species and ensuring the future of all species is one of the major advantages of aquaculture. This

FEATURE along with genetic improvements - as with all animals - by taking the best and improving product quality and fish performance is actually where the future of the world’s food is more likely to come from.

Reducing poverty, improving health and increasing sustainability at the community as well as at a national level needs attention from capacity building. A need to build capacity from within, a systems approach based on world’s best practice.

Progress may well be assisted by new technologies but it is really an innovation in a systems approach which engages the farmer directly which will have the most effect.

The need to promote healthy diets from sustainable food systems is essential.

Ending poverty and hunger is not possible unless we place agri-food systems near the top of the priority list where research is the backbone but development and transparency the keys to success.

Microalgae to energy

The second panel moderated by Pierre Erwes, B.I.C.A with panellists: Roger Gilbert publisher of International Aquafeed at Perendale Publishers; Marc Metian at IAEA; Raphaela Le Gouvello of SterMor; Roberto Cesari from the European Commission and Ricardo Haroun from the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria aimed to discuss issues from microalgae to energy production to medicinal derivatives, and new and exciting uses of aquaculture which are coming to light in the modern age of scientific discovery and technology.

In respect of key developments for feed Mr Gilbert stated that much time, effort and research was going into limiting the amount of fishmeal and fish oil needed for feed production and concepts utilising insects, worms, algae, hemp, soybeans, and other protein sources we well advanced.

Identifying food insecurity and where to focus our food production focus, including fish farming, in Africa and Asia was an important element. There’s a relationship - a benchmark if you will - between the production of scientifically-formulated compound feed and the food security (or insecurity) of a country, he told his audience. That figure was 133.5kg of compound feed per head of population – which fed all livestock including aquaculture.

Many countries had not yet sorted out their governance arrangements for offshore farming, but in countries like Panama companies like Open Blue Cobia were farming.

Their farm is located in the Costa Arriba region of Panama with the site located over the horizon in Panama’s Atlantic Ocean, more than seven miles offshore in the deep, blue waters of the Caribbean Sea. Who would have thought we would be growing a species like Cobia and doing that far offshore?

There is much we can expect from aquaculture in future - in terms of food, products and energy.

The enormous opportunity of marine ingredients is slowly awakening yet it already stated the global market for the Blue Economy is over US$176 billion – this includes biotechnology, bio-plastic, bio-energy, marine cosmetics and nutraceuticals.

We are only scratching the surface of what can be achieved with renewable and sustainable products from the oceans/waters of the world.

Wind farms in the ocean, which are ‘no go’ zones and pushing fishing away from those areas, could be used for grow-outs and therefore not wasting the space, water or heat.

Aquaculture can work arm-in-arm with energy. Anything in the water can work with aquaculture - not wasting space or energy.

Increase in demand for aquaculture

The third panel was moderated by Oystein Lie of MarLife and the panel consisted: John White of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council; Giuseppe Di Carlo, WWF Mediterranean; Olivier Fourcadet, ESSEC

Created upon the initiative of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco, the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) is a platform for thought and unites International actors (scientific, economic, political and associative) sharing a common commitment for the sustainable management and the preservation of the oceans.

It is co-organized by the Oceanographic Institute, Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.

Business School and Tiago Pitta e Cunha a senior advisor for Marine and Maritime Policy to the President of Portugal.

The discussions were focused about the increase in demand for aquaculture and the issue of not sacrificing quality for quantity.

WWF and ASC dominated discussions about standards highlighting that farmers needed to meet the standards and pay the costs in order to engage in global business, but failed to discuss issues relating to the subsistence farmers that relate to many poor countries and how trade barriers may be created with standards.

Mr White said that ASC had a vision regarding systems and processes needing to be in place to aspire all farmers to become certified.

Mr Fourcadet expressed a view that consumer associations needed to be closer engaged, however, there was some discussion away from the panel that few consumers are actually members of such associations.

It was discussed that in the EU young people were interested in what they eat but that they had limited time to make choices in their busy lives and there has been poor education on seafood, both fisheries and aquaculture.

The panel expressed a view that people were prepared to pay more for quality and environmental sustainability.

Conservation and protected areas

The last session was moderated by Sebastien Troeng of Conservation International and consisted a panel of: Dan Laffoley, World Commission on Protected Areas & International Union for the Conservation of Nature; Christophe LeFebvre from the French Marine Protected Areas Agency and Alasdair Harris of Blue Venture).

This session started with a speech from Tony Burke, Member of Parliament in Australia. Mr Burke was the former Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities and during his time he had created the largest MPA in the world only to see it thrown out when his political party lost the last election.

Clearly many in the audience were disappointed with the news of the demise of the MPA activity but likely few of them are Australian tax payers or fishers/aquaculture farmers so would not be aware of the costs such activities have cost the Australian public.

Mr Burke said that the good news was that the ocean is the greatest sink, but, alas, the bad news was also that the ocean was the greatest sink!

18 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

FEATURE

standing of the link between ocean and climate.

There were concerns with the onset of the COP21 in Paris at the end of 2015, on how to prepare for a better tomorrow in harmony with the oceans and the path to follow for governments and private sectors in an efficient management of this “Blue Capital”.

Sadly, Mr Troeng highlighted incorrect information on the carbon footprint of shrimp farms relating to impacts on mangrove areas (the correct information can be found at http:// www.eurofishmagazine.com/news/329usa-gaa-counters-scientists-calculationof-shrimp-farmings-carbon-footprint).

Mr Laffoley stressed his concerns about COP21 and the need for urgent actions but with such meetings being very well orchestrate months out to Moderater François Simard of the Polar and Marine Program, International Union for the Conservation of meet various government protocols it Nature manages the first of four panels which included panellists: Roy Palmer, Association of International Seafood Professionals; Doris Soto, FAO - FIRA; Fabio Massa, GFCM) discussing aquaculture as the fastest would seem that major changes are growing primary industry unlikely.

Mr Harris showed an inspirational video of the work that his organisation has been involved in Madagascar In words that only a politician could utter, he said he was deterwhich highlighted the importance of mangrove areas and the need to mined to get the MPA model back in Australia and that ‘science must ulture | 2015 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: Ad-1 Conal True | Design: A | Version: 1 enhance them. never be the whole story in environmental decisions.’ ternational Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm Following another video connection Geraldo Alckmin, Governor of Sao Paulo, it was confirmed that following negotiations MBI 2016 would Blue carbon be held in July 2016 in the Brazilian city of Sao Paolo.

The panel discussed Blue Carbon as an interesting answer to some The event was finalised with an address by HSH Prince Albert II of of the questions of using marine resources towards climate, testing the true resilience of marine ecosystems, and improving our under- Monaco.

Algae When You Need It

www.reed-mariculture.com C A L I F O R N I A , U S A

INSTANT ALGAE HELPS SAVE TOTOABA FROM NEAR EXTINCTION ®

“Thanks to Reed Mariculture, the Totoaba is back on track! Reed’s algae feeds allowed us to focus more on larval rearing protocol development of the Totoaba, and less on algae culture. Reed helped in every step, providing custom adjustments to enrichments and sharing live feed culture protocols.”

— Dr. Conal True, head of the Fish Culture Biotech Unit at Autonomous University of Baja California Dr. True made it his life’s work to bring the totoaba– an endangered, treasured fish from the Sea of Cortez– back from near extinction.

Order Instant Algae products to ensure repeatable production results.

Reed Mariculture ENSURING HATCHERY SUCCESS

TOLL - FREE :

1- 877-732-3276 V OICE : +1-408-377-1065 FAX : +1-408-884-2322

© 2015 REED MARICULTURE, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. INSTANT ALGAE AND ENSURING HATCHERY SUCESS ARE TRADEMARKS OF REED MARICULTURE INC.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 19

DANI

FEATURE

India

Aqua feeds and feeding trends

by Dr B. Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries, India

I

n aquaculture production India is the second largest country in the world after China. The terrestrial and aquatic animal farming sectors are rapidly expanding and intensifying in the country.

Aquaculture, which counts for almost two thirds of fish production in India, has shown significant growth in the last two decades and has transformed itself into an industry contributing substantially to food production.

A wide range of freshwater, brackish water and marine aquatic organisms are produced in India. The major groups are freshwater fish (carp, catfish, snakeheads, tilapia) and prawns (Macrobrachium sp.), penaeid shrimps (Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus vannamei) crabs (Scylla sp.) and brackish water fishes (seabass, milkfish). Freshwater aquaculture production in India is about 4.2 million tonnes.

Most of this production is carp, which account for about 90 percent of total freshwater production in India.

Aqua feeds

In India extensive fish culture is done in large freshwater bodies on natural food available without the application of external inputs.

In semi-intensive and intensive fish production systems, supplementary feeding is provided in addition to the application of fertilisers to

improve natural productivity. Less expensive feed ingredients such as rice bran, wheat bran, corn fibre, corn meal, corn grains, broken rice, groundnut cake, cotton seed cake etc., are extensively used for feeding carp in freshwater aquaculture. Fishmeal and defatted oilseed cakes (soybean, mustard, and sesame) are also used when higher protein feeds are needed.

Trash fish, poultry offal and other animal byproducts are used for carnivorous fish cultures in the country.

In Indian aquaculture, use of industrially manufactured feeds started in the early 1990s when feeds were imported from Taiwan Province of China, Southeast Asia and the United States of America for shrimp production. Currently, India has more than sufficient capacity to produce adequate volumes of feed for freshwater prawn and marine shrimp farming. There is an adequate domestic feed ingredient resource base for most of the animal feed requirements of the aquaculture and animal production sectors (Table 1).

Fortunately, India is one of the biggest exporters of soybean meal in the world and enjoys a competitive position as far as most aqua feed ingredients are concerned.

Feeding trends

In India, large fish culture ponds are fertilised with poultry or cattle manure throughout the production cycle. Fertilisation is well 20 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

managed and farmers routinely sample pond water to observe plankton production and add fertilisers when necessary. The fish are fed with de-oiled rice bran (90 percent) and groundnut or cotton oilseed cake (10 percent). The feedstuffs are blended with mineral mixtures and packed in plastic bags containing holes. These feedbags are suspended from ropes/poles in the culture ponds. Some farmers broadcast de-oiled rice bran (DORB) only in their culture ponds daily in the morning and evening.

In Indian aquaculture de-oiled rice bran is the major ingredient of all fish feeds and is used either singly or in combination with other ingredients. In Andhra Pradesh, one or more of the following seven ingredients are mixed with rice bran to feed carp: rice polish, broken rice, groundnut cake, cottonseed cake, sunflower cake, meat meal and soybean meal.

A recent survey showed that the majority of farmers use a blend of rice bran, groundnut oilseed cake and cotton oilseed cake.

Catfish culture has recently expanded in the country. While India has a number of endemic catfish species including Clarias batrachus, Ompok pabda, Heteropneustes fossilis, Pangasius pangasius etc., the faster growing African catfish Clarias gariepinus and sutchi catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus, imported from Southeast Asia, have become the most widely farmed species in recent years. Pacu

FEATURE fish is also cultured in some pockets of India, particularly Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. But farmers typically use high stocking densities and mixed feeds composed of rice bran, oilseed cake residues, cooked maize grains, kitchen waste, poultry processing waste and others. Mud crabs are fed on a variety of diets including low-value/ trash fish, slaughter wastes, fish wastes, mussels, snails, shrimp heads, small bivalves etc.

Today, owing to non-availability of commercial feeds and for economic reasons, more than 90 percent of farmers use farm-made feeds of cake-bran mixture or improved versions of the feed mixture in carp culture. Farm-made feeds are prepared based on ingredient availability and feeding experience. In Andhra Pradesh, farmers use defatted rice bran and groundnut oil cake in a 7:3 ratio, with feed additives mineral and vitamin mixtures. Interlinking of artificial feeding with natural fish food organisms has been found beneficial as it influences dietary efficiency and economic utilisation of the former. There has been a

rapid shift from traditional feeding to pellet feeding of nutritionally complete diets.

In India, farmers frequently topcoat feeds with vitamins, minerals, squid oil, soya lecithin, Spirulina, probiotic bacteria and yeast, immuno-stimulants and feed attractants. Some farm-

ers topcoat every feed they use. However, the majority only topcoat their feeds for use during specific production phases when they consider growth rates to be declining or when environmental conditions are unfavorable.

Today Indian farmers are using various types

BRINGING TOGETHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR CUSTOMIZED AQUAFEED PROCESS SOLUTIONS. Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.

—Vincent Van Gogh

Wenger develops and assembles unique components that allow our clients to meet specific industry and application demands. Whether dictated by raw material availability, species requirements, growth stages or feeding habits, Wenger will tailor a system to meet your specific needs.

If maximum volume is crucial, the Wenger TX-3000 High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder produces the full range of products – at capacities up to 12,000 kg/hour. Complement the TX-3000 with the High Intensity Preconditioner (HIP) and use higher levels of fish oil or slurries.

The Wenger C2TX Shrimp Feed Extruder – with unique die technology and high shear conditioning – is the superior choice for uniform, high density aquatic feeds down to 0.8 mm in size.

We’re ready to help you select the right tools.

Contact us now for industry-changing designs backed by the leading name in extrusion.

Turning ideas into opportunities.

PROGRESSIVE AQUAFEED PROCESSING

Imagine the possibilities wenger.com BELGIUM

Wenger15.InnovativeTools.Ad.210x147.indd 1

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 21

TAIWAN

BRASIL

CHINA

INDIA

6/24/15 5:51 PM

FEATURE

Table 1: Major conventional and non-conventional feed ingredients producing states in India Ingredients Rice bran

State producing major quantity Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Asom, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.

Groundnut cake

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha.

Sunflower cake

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.

Mustard cake

Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, North East Region.

Cotton seed cake Soybean meal

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana.

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan.

Fish meal

Maritime states

Shrimp waste

Maritime states

Silkworm pupae Poultry offal

Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Asom, Madhya Pradesh, North East Region.

All states

Table 2: Type of supplementary feeds used for commercially important aquaculture species in India.

Category

Species

Major Carps

Catfishes

Catla catla

Improved farm made feed

Labeo rohita

Improved farm made feed

Cirrhinus mrigala

Improved farm made feed

Clarias batrachus

Formulated feed

Clarias gariepinus

Poultry offal

Pangasius hypopthalmus Snakeheads

Feed type

Poultry offal, Cooked maize grains, Pellet feed.

Channa striatus

Chopped chicken intestines, trash fish

Channa marulius

Chopped chicken intestines, trash fish

Channa punctatus

Chopped chicken intestines, trash fish

Salmo trutta fario

Formulated feed

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Formulated feed

Schizothorax sp.

Formulated feed

Tor putitora

Formulated feed

Trout’s

Mahseers

Tor tor

Formulated feed

Tor mussullah

Formulated feed

Tor khudree

Formulated feed

Tilapia

Oreochromius niloticus

Prawn

Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Formulated feed, Pellet feed

Macrobrachium malcolmsonii

Formulated feed, Pellet feed

Shrimp

Penaeus monodon

Pellet feed

Litopenaeus vannamei

Pellet feed

Crab Others

Pellet feed

Scylla serrata

Minced trash fish

Scylla tranquebarica

Minced trash fish

Piaractus brachypomus

Formulated feed, Minced trash fish

Chanos chanos

Formulated feed

of feed ingredients in different compositions to feed species to get better yields in their farming systems (Table 2).

Aquafeed industry

Poultry offal

Lates calcarifer

Until recently, India was an insignificant player in the global fish feed sector due to its reliance on traditional feeding based on a few nutritionally poor agricultural by-products and the use of animal manure for plankton production. American Soybean AssociationInternational Marketing (ASA-IM) decided in

2003 to create a niche for better aquaculture feeds, linking the development to an array of better aquaculture practices to grow fish.

Initial work focused on commercial feeding demonstrations that showed economic returns to the industry.

India has a well-established capacity to produce feeds for shrimp and prawn culture.

Until 1990 the sector relied solely on farmmade feeds. With the advent of large-scale semi-intensive shrimp culture in the early 1990s, vast quantities of shrimp feeds were 22 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

imported from Taiwan Province of China and Thailand. However, imports have gradually been replaced by domestically-produced feeds. Currently, the domestic shrimp feed manufacturing capacity exceeds demand. India has about 28 feed mills dedicated to the production of freshwater prawn and shrimp feeds.

Out of these, 10 mills are subsidiaries to international aquafeed companies. Collectively, these companies account for 90 percent of shrimp and prawn feed sales in India.

Stakeholders and potential entrepreneurs have also been also exposed to feed-based technologies in practice elsewhere in Asia.

As a result of these efforts and excellent participation by private companies and entrepreneurs in the fish-farming sector, India has emerged as a significant producer of soybased extruded floating feeds, as well as sinking pellets for fish. The industry has invested in imported extrusion machinery to produce floating fish feeds.

Conclusion

In India semi-intensive and intensive freshwater fish production systems are predominantly based on farm-made feeds. An estimated 6.83 million tonnes of feed ingredients are used for producing farm-made feeds, while only 10,000 tonnes of industrially manufactured feeds are used in freshwater aquaculture. Preliminary data suggests that the use of manufactured feeds could bring about significant savings in carp production.

Food conversion ratios (FCR) could be reduced from three to 1:1 when manufactured feeds replace farm-made feeds.

There are additional benefits associated with manufactured feeds in the form of cleaner ponds and less labour for feed preparation and feeding.

The principal constraint to the use of manufactured feeds in fish production is the perception that such feeds are not costeffective. Once feed manufacturers and farmers realise that it is possible to profitably produce and use feeds in fish farming, the use of manufactured feeds will increase. It is likely that the current use of manufactured feeds in freshwater fish farming will increase from 10,000 tonnes to at least 0.25 million tonnes within the next couple of years.

Both farm-made and compound feeds are used extensively and the proportion varies by species. In shrimp feed the main ingredients are fish and soybean meal, wheat, rice and fish oil. In fish feed the main ingredients are oilseed meal, maize, bran, blood and bone meal.

It is estimated that annual consumption of concentrated feed by the aquaculture sector is approximately 8.3 million tonnes, ranking third in the consumers of concentrated feeds in India, behind dairy and poultry.

References available on request

FEATURE

RAISING LIFE

NothiNg is more precious thaN life, aNd that’s the philosophy that drives phileo.

As global population continues to increase, the world faces a growing demand for food and greater sustainability challenges.

Working at the crossroads of nutrition and health, we are committed to delivering future evidence-based solutions that enhance fish and shrimp health and performance.

In each and every country, our team’s progress is led by the most advanced scientific outcomes as well as the field input of experienced farmers.

phileo-lesaffre.com

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 23

FEATURE

ADVANCED LESSONS IN ECONOMICS by the International Aquafeed Staff Writer

T

he third international seminar on Advanced Lessons in Economics from the Fisheries and Aquaculture (ALFAE) was held in Santiago de Compestela, Galicia, Spain from 6-10 July 2015. The event, held every two years, attracted the participation of 36 speakers from 22 countries across five continents and was attended by more than fifty students, who staged debates about the state of the economy in these sectors and the latest in technological innovation, marketing and governance. FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation, awarded eight grants to students from China, Turkey, Brazil, India, Tanzania (2), Morocco and South Africa.

24 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

The seminar, which was aimed especially at participants with a university education or equivalent professional experience, researchers, managers, industry players, consultants, advisers and other specialists involved in the socio-economics of fisheries and aquaculture, finally brought together over a hundred participants.

During this course, which took place at the headquarters of the Galician School of Public Administration, experts revealed that both the fisheries and the aquaculture are not without problems and challenges and agreed on the need that industry and government work together to overcome weaknesses and threats and take advantage of opportunities and strengths, including those related to the interactions between the two sectors.

FEATURE growth in fish production can only come from aquaculture. The important choices for society are between increasing aquaculture or increasing meat production. The challenge for society is to maximise the significant potential benefits from both wild fisheries and aquaculture.”

From University of Stavanger, Professor Frank Asche, presented on ‘Factors affecting efficiency in aquaculture business’ and commenced by emphasising that the world’s

Mycofix

X I N RI

SK

M

A

TO

MYCOFI

X

EN T

are harvested and promoted as “Wild Alaska Seafood”.

Knapp said “Fisheries have some competitive advantages over aquaculture in that nature produces wild fish ‘for free’ often in large volumes and that the fish are ‘natural’ products. However, across the entire value chain, fisheries have many inherent competitive disadvantages relative to aquaculture.

These were higher costs of harvesting; seasonality of production; variation and unpredictability of production; variation in fish size and quality; remote locations; production constraints; inability to increase production and the inability to improve or modify fish through selective breeding. It is these constraints that led to the replacement of most wild plant and animal gathering and hunting by agriculture.”

Inconsistent and unpredictable production clearly makes it much more difficult for wild salmon producers than for farmed salmon producers to meet buyers’ supply needs and to plan for marketing. Knapp specifically focused attention on Bristol Bay, the largest salmon run in Alaska and the world, and highlighted the economic issues in having to produce your entire year’s catch in a period of one month or less.

In concluding Professor Knapp said, “the important choices for society are not between aquaculture and wild fisheries. Significant

MYCO

The course was directed by Professor Jose Manuel Fernandez Polanco and Professor Trond Bjorndal. It was apt to be held in Galicia which is the Spanish leader in many aspects of the seafood industry employing some 34,000 people.

Each day brought in new topics and speakers and covered a vast range of subjects with views from academia, industry and government.

The event was kicked off by Dr Jaqueline Alder, FAO, highlighting the latest information on the world’s 392 wild fisheries stocks and the domination of the China/Asian countries relating to aquaculture. An excellent debate was had regarding the needs for certification as consumers become more aware of sustainable food offers.

Much was learned about the importance of the shellfish industry to Galicia and that will feature in a report in a later edition.

Professor Gunnar Knapp’s views on the ‘Interactions between Fisheries and Aquaculture’ highlighted the tensions in Alaska between ‘wild’ and ‘farmed’. He stressed that the diversity makes it very difficult to generalise about fisheries or aquaculture - or how they interact and focused his comments on Alaska. He stated, “40 percent of Alaska’s salmon are released from hatcheries - and start their lives just liked ‘farmed’ salmon yet

NAG EM

®

Proven protection.

Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere with the health status of your animals.

Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management. ®

mycofix.biomin.net Naturally ahead July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 25

FEATURE waterways and oceans are a great under utilised resource.

Professor Asche said, “Increasingly, landbased technologies are being adopted to use this resource and Aquaculture is the ‘food production’ arm of the ocean with Aquaculture being all about farming while fisheries are the world’s last large hunting industry. Aquaculture is an old technology, but a revolution took place in the 1970s as people began to use knowledge from agro-sciences to domesticate, breed and feed fish.”

Asche underlined that conditions favouring increased aquaculture production with population growth and economic growth leading to increased aggregate demand for food. With stagnating global catches of fish reducing the competitiveness of wild fish and globalisation reducing the cost of shipping products and increasing trade. Added to this, the growth of retail chains favouring supply chains with sufficient control to enable efficient logistics created the opening for aquaculture. To exploit these conditions, businesses must be competitive and competitive producers are efficient.

He added, “Aquaculture is the result of systematic Research and Development and innovation in water-based food production systems. Expansion of aquaculture production is profitable because of lower production cost due to a number of innovations and better technology increases productivity as one can produce more with the same input factors or increase the efficiency of those inputs.”

On productivity growth, specifically Salmon, Professor Asche said, “The development of input factors has been tremendous, with better feed, automatic feeding systems, etc and there is a substantial catching up potential for most species. Twenty years ago feed made up 25 percent of salmon farmers’ cost, and smolt about 20 percent whereas currently feed is 55 percent and smolt is down to 15 percent due to increased growth rates, earlier smolt release. On the other hand for efficient chicken farmers, feed is more than 80 percent of the production cost. Efficient

species are basically converters of cheap low quality inputs to more desirable outputs.”

Professor Asche concluded his talk highlighting that “Aquaculture production will continue to increase because it has only just started to adopt technology from agriculture, and there is a tremendous scope for further productivity growth. As for all biological production processes, this creates environmental challenges, which can be solved. Clearly North America and EU lag behind Asia and aquaculture production is thus unevenly distributed around the word. Much of this has to do with what species are produced with what production technologies and inefficient producers will not survive.”

He added “that Europe and the USA is not succeeding in aquaculture is interesting because with one exception they have the best starting point. The exception is regulations that prevents efficient production.”

Asche’s one question was related to the fishmeal trap hypothesis (Wijkstrøm, Naylor et al) which suggests that growth in aquaculture production increases demand for forage fish to produce feed and this makes aquaculture inherently unsustainable and environmentally degrading, requires that forage fisheries are poorly managed, that forage fish have no substitutes, and that cost is not important for aquaculture production. This will eventually also put a limit on aquaculture production and requires that aquaculture feed must contain marine ingredients.

Two speakers from Professor Asche highlighted the issues he raised regarding North America and Europe.

Professor Bertrand Le Gallic, University of Western Brittany presented on ‘Economic Sustainability of the EU Seafood Industry’ and was specifically centering on the need for improving competitiveness for the EU seafood sector.

Bertrand noted concerns for local, national and EU administrations and made mention of the H2020 SUCCESS program, which is a European research project financed for three years (2015-2018). It is part of the H2020 Strategy, which is the EU Research

26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

and Innovation Program for the period 20142020. H2020 puts the emphasis on three core themes: science of excellence, industrial leadership and societal challenges. It aims to raise the level of excellence in Europe’s science base, encourage important achievements, discoveries and “world-firsts” by taking great ideas from the lab to the market.

Included in the Blue Growth Strategy, defined by the European Commission as “a long term strategy to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole” (COM(2014) 254/2), SUCCESS specifically addresses topic BG-10-2014 : Consolidating the economic sustainability and competitiveness of European fisheries and aquaculture sectors to reap the potential of seafood markets.

Dr Carole Engle, Engle-Stone Aquatic LLC, spoke at some length regarding the issues confronting the aquaculture industry in USA, notably the Alabama Catfish industry based on years of personal involvement and study she had done.

Carole highlighted that many of the businesses she had dealt with had little business education and that was the area where they were mainly failing. She said that the common reasons for failure were insufficient capital; poor credit or loan structure; poor inventory management or simply running out of cash.

Carole said some of the legislation in the USA needed to be reviewed as clearly created an impediment to trade.

The event was sponsored by The Foundation Alfonso Martin Escudero in cooperation with FAO and the Galicia Regional Ministry for Rural and Maritime Affairs and coordinated by CETMAR Foundation. The closing ceremony was conducted by Paloma Rueda Crespo, director-manager of Sea Technology Centre, coordinator of the seminar organisation, and was accompanied by Ignacio Llorente, a professor at the University of Cantabria. During her speech, the head of the Foundation CETMAR thanked the set of speakers and students work and praised the quality of the debates promoted throughout the week.

FEATURE

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 27

PHOTOSHOOT

Jeju Island

Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea, is not just noted as a world heritage site for its volcanoes and lava tubes, but is also recognised for its 350-plus flounder farms producing over 25,000 tonnes of olive flounder. Jeju hosted this year’s World Aquaculture Society’s 2015 Convention and offered delegates much more. Here, we reflect on the Spirited Gardens of bonsai trees and koi carp, developed over 40 years by Bum-young Sung (pictured below) which has received visits from two Chinese premiers. The oldest tree in the garden is over 1300 years and the oldest potted bonsai over 600 years. Mount Sanbang (formed as a gigantic bell-shaped lava dome) reflects the ethos of the island.

28 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

TECHNOLOGY

SUPPLEMENT

FISH FARMING

AQUANOR Technology on display Since 1979, Norway has hosted the greatest aquaculture show in the world: Aqua Nor.

SUPPLEMENT

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aqua Nor Technology on display

Since 1979, Norway has hosted the greatest aquaculture show in the world: Aqua Nor. The exhibition is held every other year, alternating with the fisheries exhibition Nor-Fishing. Aqua Nor is organised by the Nor-Fishing Foundation, and has always been held in Trondheim in mid-Norway, close to numerous salmon farms in the Trondheim fjord, and with all the major fisheries and aquaculture organisations headquartered in the city. This year’s Aqua Nor will be held from 18th through 21st August, and it looks to be the biggest show ever.

A

lmost 500 exhibitors have signed up already, and the organisers expect 18,000 – 20,000 visitors from about 65 – 70 countries. Project Manager Kari Steinsbø at Aqua Nor comments on the interest in Aqua Nor 2015: “There is great interest from exhibitors – we have many bookings

already. Many are registering early to make sure they get the space and location they want. In addition to the many Norwegian exhibitors, exhibitors from a number of foreign countries like the UK, Chile, China, the USA and Dubai have also registered.”

The exhibition area presently covers 18,000 m2, but will be expanded to about 23,000 m2 when a new hall is added a few years from now.

“But because of the great interest this year, we have added one extra hall,” says Mrs Steinsbø.

“All the exhibition halls were fully booked six months ahead of the show, so we decided to erect a new hall, Hall A2, which is now filling up.”

Skansen – displaying equipment on the water

Aqua Nor is the only aquaculture technology exhibition where you can actually see the equipment in its right element: on the water. At the Skansen area in the Trondheim harbor, a short 10-minute walk from the main exhibition halls, exhibitors display floating cages, workboats, underwater equipment and other installations. On Aqua Nor’s opening day, a gigantic AC850 feed barge will be officially handed over from AKVA group to its new owners, Marine Harvest. This event will take place at Skansen.

Mini-seminars

Norwegian fish farming has experienced a tremendous success over the past 40 years, and the technology that has made this

002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

success possible has been on display at Aqua Nor since 1979. In order to give foreign visitors a better understanding of modern, Norwegian aquaculture technology and practices, the Nor-Fishing Foundation joins forces with the Marine Research Institute in Bergen and many of the technology providers to organise a mini-seminar on the latest aquaculture technology. When a similar mini-seminar was held at Aqua Nor 2013, the interest was overwhelming. This year, the theme for this mini-seminar is “Is Norwegian aquaculture technology relevant in other parts of the world?”. This mini-seminar will be held in the afternoon on the opening day, 18th August.

In addition, numerous other seminars, mini-conferences and presentations will be held on a number of different subjects, ranging from markets for farmed fish to fish health, closed cage systems and other very detailed aspects of fish farming. In 2013, over 30 different seminars and presentations were held.

The research organisation SINTEF will hold an afternoon seminar on Thursday 20th of August, and their focus is on a very hot issue these days: “Future prospects in aquaculture technology – Closed or exposed?”.

For those who would like to see actual fish farms in operation, Innovation Norway is organising a boat trip around the Trondheim Fjord on the day before the opening, on Monday 17th August. This trip is reserved for foreign visitors, and was very successful when it was operated also in 2013. (Check the full programme at http://www. aqua-nor.no/.)

Networking

Many visitors claim that the most important aspect of Aqua Nor is the networking - meeting old friends and making new contacts.

Consequently, there is a lot of chatting going on in the exhibition halls and above all at the several restaurants on the premises. One of the most popular meeting places is the outdoor restaurant, where people can also listen to heated debates during the lunch hour.

Foreign delegations

Over the years, many foreign delegations have visited Aqua Nor, often headed by ministers and top officials from the visiting countries. There have been large delegations visiting from Indonesia, China, Vietnam, South Korea, and other Asian countries, as well as from Latin America and Africa. Many of these delegations have used the occasion to present investment opportunities in their own country during brief seminars during the exhibition.

Innovation Award

The Nor-Fishing Foundation will present the Innovation Award 2015 for the 13th time at Aqua Nor on 18th August 2015. Since 2003, the Board of Directors of the Foundation has contributed NOK 1.3 million to research and development of equipment and services for the aquaculture and fisheries industry, nationally and internationally. In the past, there has been broad international participation in the contest.

Previous winners have reported that the award has created great interest in their products and services.

Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aqua Nor Student Day Students from Trondheim and the rest of Norway are invited to visit Aqua Nor free of charge on Friday 21st of August 2015 to explore the opportunities offered by exhibitors and the aquaculture industry.

The demand for seafood will continue to grow rapidly in the years ahead, and if Norway is to reach the Government’s objective of becoming the world’s foremost seafood nation, the industry will have to recruit a lot more smart young brains.

Many opportunities for students

When over 400 exhibitors from over 50 nations and 20,000 visitors get together at this year’s Aqua Nor, the organiser (the NorFishing Foundation) wants to attract students from all disciplines to visit the exhibition in order to learn more about the industry and the opportunities it offers young people. It is in this industry that the most exciting potential for innovation and value creation exists, and consequently there are many attractive job opportunities.

Demand for bright young people in the industry

"A research report released some years ago concluded that we may increase value creation six-fold over the next 35 years," says Director of Information Øyvind Haram of Seafood Norway (previously the Norwegian Seafood Association).

“We shall have to find ways to achieve this in a sustainable way. We’ll be needing a plethora of new technological solutions for slaughtering and production, bright minds to find what other opportunities can be found in the ocean and to exploit our natural resources.”

Seafood Norway is one of the sponsors of the Student Day, together with the Norwegian University for Science and Technology (NTNU), the 'Get your sea legs' project, Youngfish, and the Nor-Fishing Foundation.

The entire ocean space can be used

Norway has developed a wide range of know-how in the offshore petroleum industry and is considered a leading nation when it comes to seabed technology. Now Mr Haram wants that the aquaculture industry should develop excellence higher up in the water column also.

“We need many young people in order to reach the objectives that we have set. Anything from civil engineering, ITC experts and young people who are interested in politics, trade, marketing and economics. I hope they will use this opportunity to get to know the aquaculture industry on Aqua Nor’s Student Day.”

Welcoming all students – free admission on Friday 21st August

Aqua Nor invites all students to visit the exhibition free of charge on Friday 21st August. In addition, 10 students from all over the country will be selected to receive free travel and accommodation in Trondheim during the exhibition.

Students who visit Aqua Nor will have a full menu of options: • Exciting seminars with top-notch speakers • Mingling and networking, including happy hour • A raffle with a festival pass to Pstereo • Sampling delicious seafood products • Meetings with various exhibitors

Best stand Award

Since Nor-Fishing 2012 the organisers have given out The Best Stand Award. The idea is to stimulate innovation and reward those exhibitors who put an extra effort into their stand design.

The criteria for selecting the best stand were established in 2012, and they are relatively simple, but relevant: • Is the stand an attention-getter? It should be a stand that catches the attention of visitors, it should reflect a thematic idea, and be aesthetically pleasing.

• Does the stand attract visitors? Do visitors stop to talk to the personnel?

• Does the stand give clear and relevant information about the message that it is meant to communicate?

With these questions in mind, a Jury will spend the first three days of the exhibition visiting stands all over the exhibition. On the last day of the exhibition, the Jury’s decision will be announced.

004 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

Photo courtesy of ©Nor-Fishing Foundation/Snølys

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Great interest in Norway and abroad for the Nor-Fishing Foundation Innovation Award 2015 The Nor-Fishing Foundation has received 17 proposals for this year’s Innovation Award. Many companies and individuals have shown great interest in developing and improving processes and technology for the aquaculture industry. Chairman of the Board Liv Holmefjord and Director Ola Eriksen are very satisfied with this year’s applicants.

The Jury, which has reviewed all the applications on a professional basis, completed its work last week and has now submitted its recommendations to the Board of Directors of the Foundation.

The Jury consists of Kjell Maroni, Norwegian Seafood Research Fund, Senior advisor Oddvar Staulen, Innovation Norway, and Jan Henrik Sandberg, Senior Advisor, Norwegian Fishermen’s Association.

The Jury has selected the following three finalists: Protex AS (Ålen/Trondheim), in partnership with SINTEF Teknologi og Samfunn (SINTEF Technology and Society), and also working with central organisations in the aquaculture industry, has developed work clothes especially adapted to tomorrow’s needs in the aquaculture industry. The concept includes clothing that will function in all seasons and weather conditions for the individual. Health, Environment and Safety considerations and improved economics have played a central part in development.

Storvik Aqua AS (Sunndalsøra) and EBTech AS (Molde) have cooperated to submit an patent application for a salmon biomass measuring system based on a 3D technique using high density cameras and filter combinations that give a precise basis for calculating fish biomass.

They have developed advanced picture handling algorithms that give mass calculations of a very high degree of accuracy. The system’s objective is +/- 1 percent deviations.

Hotel accommodation has traditionally been a problem at Aqua Nor, although in recent years, Trondheim has added more than 30 percent to its hotel capacity. Director of Communications, Erik Hempel, comments: “One has to book hotels and make other arrangements early. For visitors from developing countries, one should also start the process of obtaining a visa to Norway early, because in our experience this can be a timeconsuming task.”

Strand Prolog AS (Averøy). This project has been developed in cooperation with Måsøval Fish Farming Co and consists of a barge, HeliXir, with tanks and equipment for medicinal treatment (against lice etc.) next to the floating cages. The system is expected to reduce the amount of medication used for lice treatment by 90 – 98 percent.

The system filtrates all emission fluids and can also be closed to avoid any and all emissions. Control of the fish is retained during treatment and the concentration level of the treatment fluids is at 133 m3, total water usage is expected to be 350 – 500 m3. By comparison, the chemical agents must be mixed with 7000 m3 when used in a well boat, and 20,000 m3 when using a tarpaulin around the cage.

More information: Erik Hempel, +47 9084 1124 erik.hempel@hempelco.com www.aqua-nor.no

The Board of Directors of the Nor-Fishing Foundation will discuss the proposed winners in a meeting on Monday 17 August, and the Innovation Award, consisting of NOK 100,000 and a diploma, will be presented to the winner during the Festive Evening in Trondheim at the Scandic Nidelven Hotel on Tuesday 18 August.

See overleaf for our coverage of the finalists!

Book early

Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 005

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Nor-Fishing Foundation Innovation Award 2015

HeliXiR Fish Hospital

T

he HeliXiR fish hospital will improve animal health and welfare while reducing the environmental impact of treatments. The HeliXiR utilises a small and recirculated treatment tank where fish are exposed to treatment, users have full control of time, concentration and temperature.

The project started two years ago when Måsøval Fish Farming Co and Stranda Prolog AS joined forces to develop a closed treatment process against sea lice. Both are third generation family owned companies, and pioneers in the industry with more than 40 years’ experience in the industry.

The original idea for HeliXiR came up during a meeting concerning another topic, however, a plan for HeliXiR was quickly developed. In January 2013 the aim was to treat salmon against sea lice with medicine in a HeliX tank, placed on a barge out on the farm. From the loosely formulated concept Stranda had developed in 2007, it took 19 months of intense engineering work to develop and finance the pilot, and another nine months to build. In August Stranda is handing over the HeliXiR to Måsøval to start the trials. The first trials have been successful showing that the concept works, these trials will continue throughout 2015 to show the full potential.

The HeliXiR Fish hospital consists of: a 32 metre by 12 metre barge; Triplo fish pump for continuous suction and delivery; a de-watering unit with grading functionality to grade fish cleaning and lice filtering for the water; a 133m3 HeliX processing tank with a filtrating water treatment system; heat pump for +/- 6oC; an aeration unit; and a water intake with algae filter. The expected capacity is 50-100 ton per hour with more than a 90 percent reduction in chemical consumption.

The system filtrates all emission fluids and can also be closed to avoid any and all emissions.

The user retains control of the fish during treatment and the concentration level of the treatment throughout the process.

006 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Nor-Fishing Foundation Innovation Award 2015

Precise biomass measurement of salmon

S

torvik Aqua AS (Sunndalsøra) and EBTech AS (Molde) have cooperated in submitting a patent application for a system that measures the biomass of salmon based on a 3D technique using high density cameras and filter combinations that give a precise basis for calculating fish biomass.

They have developed advanced picture handling algorithms that give mass calculations to a very high degree of accuracy. The system’s objective is +/- 1% deviations.

The system uses SACON, a user-friendly web portal providing an overview of all biomass and environmental data from all your locations in one place. Users will be able to log in to SACON to see all key data from the locations they are responsible for. SACON gives fish farmers’ a complete overview of operation, environmental conditions, fish welfare, size, weight and their status with regard to maximum permitted biomass. All data from the biomass meters and environment log, AquaLog, are presented together in SACON for complete overview.

The new technology Akravision is a fully automated, camera-based biomass meter superior to all previous forms of biomass metering. The biomass meter uses software to constantly generate 3D models of the images the AkvaVision camera takes of the fish.

The software then calculates how big the average fish in the net is based on the 3D models.

Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 007

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Nor-Fishing Foundation Innovation Award 2015

Ragnarok, tough workwear for tough conditions at sea

008 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

Photography cortesy of ©Stian Holmen Lein, Bjoeroya Fiskeoppdrett AS

R

agnarok by Protex Norway is a new range of high quality workwear developed specifically for the fish farming industry and is designed to withstand the harsh rigors of a fish farm. Protex aimed to make a range of tenable workwear, which would increase fish farmers’ freedom of movement and keep them dry and warm.

In this product range you will see some garments made out of technical textiles smartly combined with traditional PVC – in addition to some other interesting and practical features.

Health, environment, and safety considerations and improved economics have all played a central part in the development.

The concept behind this range is based on a multilayer principle and includes woolen underwear, various garments for insulation and a shell layer to protect fish farmers from harsh weather. According to Protex Sales Manager, Martin Gregersen, “The multilayer principle ensures the Ragnorak concept is flexible and easy to vary depending on weather conditions and personal needs.”

Ragnarok is made from scratch in cooperation with key players within the Norwegian fish farming industry; it has been developed in conjunction with designers from Sintef - the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia. Aclima, one of the world’s leading producers of woolen underwear, are producing the Ragnarok underwear. Hansen Protection, a producer of survival suits and life vests, and Sintef have also developed a floatation vest that is included as part of the Ragnarok range. Protex produces Ragnarok at their factory in Tallinn, Estonia. The production site is ISO certified and customers are welcome to visit.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 29

g

Aquaculture in hana #1

FEATURE

Ghana is one of the countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region with the potential to dramatically increase its fish production through aquaculture. In this two part special focus on Ghana, we examine two major issues; alternative feed resources and best management practices.

Alternative feed sources

by Francis Ekow de Heer

A

fter some years of mild growth, Ghana’s aquaculture industry is now set to play a crucial role in the economy, especially in closing the wide gap between local fish demand and domestic production, which burdens the nation with a high annual fish import bill.

Quite a number of local and foreign investors are showing interest in this sector. One major issue set to give the industry a badly needed boost is the availability of alternative feed resources, which hold the prospect of significantly reducing the fish farmer’s production budget.

In 2013, the government launched the FAOfunded National Aquaculture Development Plan, which is being implemented over five years at a cost of US$ 85 million. The programme aims to improve the viability of the aquaculture business, and to raise national fish output from the present 27,750 metric tons to 130,000 metric tons by the end of 2018.

Over 80 percent of commercial fish farmers in Ghana are engaged in the production of Nile tilapia, whilst the others are engaged mostly in the production of African sharp-tooth catfish.

Demand for tilapia, a delicacy in Ghana, is very high, even though at between US$ 2.50 and US$ 3.00 per kilo it is way above the world market price.

Fish consumption in Ghana increased from 900,000 metric tons in 2013 to one million metric tons in 2014, but local output in the two years was less than 450,000 metric tons. Ghana, whose current per-capita fish consumption is 25 kg/person/year, imports US$ 200 million of fish annually. The decline of local fish production over the years is due to the use of outmoded equipment and illegal fishing methods, especially lights, chemicals, explosives and small mesh-size nets. Age-old plans for introducing fibreglass boats are yet to be realised, so Ghanaian artisanal fishermen still use canoes and drag-nets to produce 70 percent of local output.

Aquaculture is fast gaining pace as an alternative source of animal protein as Ghana’s marine and freshwater fishery production decline. Interest in aquaculture has been growing steadily in recent years, but a major issue of concern to farmers is the cost of feed.

On average, feed costs take up 70 percent of a fish farmer’s budget, due mainly to the 30 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

fact that maize, the major ingredient, is also the major feed source for humans. The use of non-conventional feed sources, which until recently had virtually no commercial value, would substantially reduce the aquaculture production budget and attract more investors.

Among the alternative ingredients which are currently being deployed in aquaculture are cocoa pod husk, palm kernel cake, wheat bran and sunflower cake.

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is derived from the remains of the fruit after the beans, which comprise 25 percent of the fruit, have been extracted. Over 3720 metric tons of CPH can be generated annually. Scientists in Ghana, Nigeria and elsewhere have long proven that CPH is viable as poultry, pig and fish feed.

For example, Ashade and Osineye (2013) reported that “CPH could suitably substitute up to 100 percent” in the diet of tilapia.

Adewumi and Olalaye (2010) reported that CPH was one of several plant residues that had been tested and found to be suitable substitutes for conventional fish feed. Some aquafeed producers have started using CPH as substitute for maize.

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the residue

FEATURE

At the fish farm of Crystal Lake Fishing Ltd, Volta Lake, Ghana

obtained from the kernel after the extraction of the oil. Ghana produced 53,000 metric tons of PKC in 2014. PKC is a valuable commodity in major palm oil producing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, where it is used locally and exported as cattle feed. Until recently, only a small amount of this commodity was used in Ghana in pig diets. Presently, however, it is being used on a small scale as poultry, pig and aquaculture feed.

The Ministry of Agriculture recommends the inclusion of PKC at 15 percent in fish diets. Some researchers have found PKC a useful inclusion in fish diets. Omoregie obtained the best results with Nile tilapia fed on a diet of 15 percent palm kernel meal

and 25 percent fishmeal. Onwudike also concluded that although PKC was a viable substitute for groundnut cake, it had to be added to other protein sources in order to increase dietary levels of some otherwise deficient amino acids.

Soybean meal is the main protein source for poultry and fish farmers in African countries. It is an imported, expensive commodity, so most farmers would appreciate a local substitute. Sunflower cake is recognised in Ghana as a valuable protein source in animal diets. Commercial cultivation of sunflowers, which stalled for some three years, is resuming in the Central Region of the country. Mr Kwasi Addae, a commercial farmer, has mobilised

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 31

out-grower farmers who are expected to grow enough sunflower oil for the local fish cannery industry, and enough sunflower seed cake for the poultry and aquaculture industries.

Results from a collaborative work

by AquaFish CRSP of Oregon State University and the Sokoine University in Tanzania showed that a 50/50 combination of moringa and sunflower seed cake was a viable substitute for soya bean meal.

A major challenge facing the aquafeed industry is the absence of good quality feed processing. About 30 percent of feed used in the industry is imported, and Raanan Feeds, the only producer of extruded feed in Ghana, is currently producing at maximum capacity. Most of the feed used or produced by the many small-scale farms in Ghana are neither pelletised nor extruded, and do not float. Current signs show good prospects for investment inflows. The combination of sizeable investment and alternative feed resource deployment will give aquaculture in Ghana a bright future.

g

Aquaculture in hana #2

FEATURE

Commercial floating feeds for pond culture of tilapia in Ghana A case study

The impact of the adaption of best management practices on social welfare In this article, the research of Dr Yaw B. Ansah and Dr Emmanuel A. Frimpong on the effectiveness of BMPs on the aquaculture industry, specifically the production of tilapia in Ghana will be shared. Dr Ansah received his PhD from the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation as well as an MSc in Agricultural and Applied Economics, both from Virginia Tech (USA). Dr Frimpong is an associate professor at Virginia Tech, he studies fish biology and aquaculture and supervised Dr Ansah’s dissertation.

C

lassified by the World Bank in 2014 as a ‘lower middle income’ country, Ghana has an economy largely dependent on agriculture. The agricultural sector contributes 23 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually, whereas 42 percent of the population was employed in the agricultural sector in 2013. Ghana’s 2.3 percent annual population growth rate requires a sustained increase in food production.

The country has increased food production per capita by more than 80 percent since the early 1980s, and is largely self-sufficient in staple crops such as maize, cassava, plantain, and yam. In 2011 the Overseas Development Institute forecasted that Ghana will meet the United Nation (UN)’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. However, it is important to go beyond meeting this goal of ‘food quantity’ to target ‘food quality’, both of which are components of food security.

Ghana is one of the countries in the sub-Saharan Africa region with the potential to dramatically increase its fish production through

aquaculture. This is the result of a high fish demand, and the combination of a stable political environment and the commissioning of the only commercial fish feed mill in West Africa. The country derives a majority of its dietary protein from fish, with an estimated per capita fish consumption of 20–30 kg per annum in 2009, higher than the global estimate of about 18 kg.

The global aquaculture industry has been blamed widely for its negative impacts on natural aquatic ecosystems. Pond effluents are relatively dilute, and as such not amenable to conventional treatment technologies. Aquaculture management practices affect the volume of water, nutrient, solids, and oxygen demand loading rates from ponds to effluent-receiving water bodies. Generally, these practices are grouped into nutrient management and effluent management.

In 2014 Frimpong et al showed the effect of two best management practices (BMPs) on the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their effectiveness at preventing the transport of nutrients and solids from fishponds to water bodies in Ghana. Specifically, these two BMPs were the use of commercial floating feeds and pond

32 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

FEATURE water reuse. That study showed that reused pond water resulted in the same growth rates as the usual practice of draining and refilling pond with new water before stocking. This result was in contrast to the widely held belief among pond fish farmers in the sub-Saharan Africa region that reusing water from a previous cycle could harm cultured fish.

Two main types of fish feed are used by fish farmers in Ghana. The recommended commercial feed type is pelleted, smooth, and mostly floating, unlike the farm-made type, which is coarse, powdery, and sinking. In a previous study Frimpong et al showed that the commercial floating feed type resulted in up to a 100 percent increase in fish growth compared to the farm-made sinking feed. Analysis of revenues and costs on a typical tilapia farm in Ghana also indicated that using commercial floating feed resulted in a higher probability of profitability (45%) than using the farm-made alternative (25%).

Demonstrating profitability of better management practices will encourage the adoption by fish farmers, which will both protect the environment and further increase farm profits. Widespread adoption of profitable innovations is expected to have an impact not only at the farm–household level, but also on the welfare of the society as a whole, including both producers and consumers. Positive outcomes of adopting BMPs such as commercial floating feeds include achievement of an “environmentally-friendly” image by the aquaculture industry, increased tilapia production, and lower fish costs. This study conducted by Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong sought to quantify the

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 33

FEATURE

economic impact of the adoption of floating feeds in pond culture of tilapia in a developing country on social welfare. Specifically, they were interested in the net present value (NPV) of BMP adoption, with Ghana as a case country. Also, it was of interest to determine factors that had the greatest influence on NPV from adoption of the BMP.

Research details, methodology and data collection

Generally, according to economic theory, an innovation (a new technology) shifts the supply function for a commodity downward, resulting in a larger equilibrium quantity at a lower price. This development may have a significant bearing on the level of poverty or welfare of a particular community where a new agricultural technology is diffused. The conventional framework for applied welfare economics is provided by a three-part assumption: the demander’s perceived value of a unit of a good or service is indicated by the competitive demand price of that unit; the supplier’s perceived value of a unit of a good or service is indicated by the competitive supply price of that unit; and the net benefits and costs of a given action to a group of people is the total of the benefits and costs to each member.

Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong employed the economic surplus method, which is the most common method for analysing the welfare impacts of agricultural research in a partial equilibrium framework. The popularity of this method stems from the fact that it requires the least data, can be applied to the broadest ranges of situations, is easy to grasp, and can be used both ex ante and ex post.

To effectively run the economic surplus model, both physical and market data must be collected on the following: • The proportion of farmers who adopt the innovation overtime • The price of the commodity • The change in yield of the commodity with the new technology • The nature of the market, as products that are traded may not experience price declines if production increases • The time it takes to develop the innovation, and the number of years for maximum adoption to be reached • The discount rate for future benefits compared to current benefits The researchers raised Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) on five demonstration earthen-pond farms in central Ghana. Stocking, feeding, and other management practices employed for the production of tilapia on these demonstrations were consistent with those used on typical tilapia farms

in Ghana. These demonstrations provided both physical data on the effects of two BMPs on the growth of Nile tilapia and budgeting data for profitability analysis. The two BMPs were use of commercial floating feed (as opposed to farm-made feed prepared on site from food and agro-industrial wastes), and reused water (as opposed to draining and refilling ponds with new water before each production cycle).

In the Frimpong et al 2014 study, it was concluded that of the two BMPs, only feed type significantly influenced fish growth and yield. Using floating feed resulted in average yields 100 percent higher than using sinking feed. Since there was no significant difference in fish growth with water type (reused or fresh water), the researchers analysed only the welfare impacts of the adoption of floating feed as a new technology.

Reusing pond water for multiple production cycles is clearly environmentally beneficial. However, there were no significant differences detected in fish yields or farm costs from this BMP. The quantification of the environmental impacts of reusing pond water is the subject of a separate study. Without resulting in differences in growth, the only potential source of economic benefits of water reuse is saving input cost from refilling emptied ponds. The vast majority of pond farmers in Ghana obtain water at no direct cost from diverted streams or groundwater seepage. Cost savings to the farmer are therefore not readily apparent.

The unit cost of the recommended feed type is almost eight times that of the farm-made alternative, and the cost of fish feed makes up over 50 percent of total costs on a typical fish farm. The implication is that the adoption of the new feed technology will result in a 350 percent increase in total annual farm costs.

The rate of adoption of each BMP was tracked over three years though a comprehensive survey that was administered from 2011 to 2013, to 363 fish farmers in Ghana. Respondents came from the central and southwestern parts of Ghana, specifically in the Ashanti, BrongAhafo, Central, Eastern, and Western Regions. Pond farms in Ghana are located mostly within these regions, due to conducive biophysical factors. Average adoption rates over this period were 58.2 percent for commercial floating feed and 27.4 percent for pond water reuse. It is worth noting that most farmers who claim to use the former technology presently do not use it exclusively, but the trial of the technology is an indication of their desire to fully adopt it if it proves superior and affordable. Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong assumed 70 percent as the

34 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

FEATURE maximum adoption rate, which they believe to be a realistic figure for an aquaculture innovation.

Aquaculture production in Ghana occurs in two main systems, floating cages in the Volta Lake and dugout earthen ponds. Floating cage systems are intensive operations that rely solely on commercial floating feed through the production cycle, and these systems account for about 90 percent of the country’s aquaculture production. Total production from cages alone was 24,250 metric tons (mt) in 2013.

Current BMP dissemination efforts are targeted at the less-intensive earthen-pond systems that rely more on the farm-made sinking feed type. Effectively, the adoption of the new feed technology will likely impact the production from earthen ponds, since the innovation is already being used widely in the cage systems.

Research findings

The estimated average NPV of adopting commercial floating tilapia feed for tilapia farming in earthen ponds in Ghana over 20 years was almost US$ 11 million (Figure 1). The probability that the NPV is a positive value was about 70 percent (Figure 2). Additionally, there was a probability of about 48 percent that the NPV is greater than the estimated mean value of 11 million (Figure 2). Sensitivity analysis showed that the variables (and direction of correlation) with the greatest impacts on mean NPV were the change in yield of tilapia (+) and the change in production costs (−), resulting from the adoption of commercial floating fish feed (Figure 3). To a less significant extent, mean NPV also was sensitive to the 2013 tilapia earthen-pond production level (+), the chosen discount rate (−), the level of peak adoption rate (+), and the specific amount of recurrent costs (+), in that order.

A plus sign indicates that an increase in that variable will increase NPV, while a decrease in a variable with a minus sign will increase NPV.

Final thoughts

However, considering the significant positive social welfare implications of adopting this feed type in earthen pond farming, both governmental and nongovernmental agencies could invest in reducing feed cost in order to facilitate diffusion. Our results indicate that the marginal benefit from any investments made to reduce feed costs and facilitate farmers’ use of the new feed type is high.

Also, adoption rates of the recommended feed type had a nonsignificant but positive effect on mean NPV. However, adoption rate links indirectly to change in yield. Change in yield is the physical change in the average weight of fish fed the new feed type, but the more farmers that adopt the technology the higher the chances of increasing production in order to realise the calculated NPV. This study projected that adoption of yield-enhancing aquaculture BMPs and innovations in a developing country such as Ghana would result in significant social welfare benefits. Considering the high marginal benefits of investments in floating feed, it is recommended that affordable credit programs and other financial packages be created to help farmers meet the current price of fish feed. Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong also recommend investment into research and development projects to reduce the amount of feed wasted from overfeeding. The focusing of extension effort on production technologies will lead to the realisation of benefits and reduction in risk. These efforts will result in the country reaping high social benefits from the increased yield. Also, active dissemination of this and other BMPs will create the awareness required for rapid diffusion of these innovations.

This feature has been altered from the original open access article for formatting reasons. The original open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. Published by Cogent Food & Agriculture (ISSN: 2331-1932), Cogent OA, part of Taylor & Francis Group.

From the results of this study, it emerges that Ghana’s economy has a high probability of profiting significantly from adoption of BMPs, such as use of floating fish feed in earthen-pond farms. The GDP for the country in 2013 was US$48 billion. Ghana’s agriculture sector contributes about 22 percent of the country’s GDP. Extrapolations based on figures from Ghana’s National Aquaculture Development Plan indicate that the current value of commercially farmed fish in the country to be approximately US$40 million. This implies that the study’s calculated average benefit (US$11 million over 20 years) will annually add > 25 percent of the current value of commercially farmed fish.

Clearly, Ghana stands to benefit substantially from the increased fish yield, which will result from adoption of the recommended, floating fish feed. A previous study conducted by Ansah et al in 2014 identified possible key socioeconomic benefits or impacts of higher fish yields to include increased employment within the improved aquaculture industry, higher incomes, reduced poverty, possible foreign exchange, lower fish cost, better nutritional diet (more protein), improved health and welfare. Additionally, women in Ghana’s fisheries sector are involved more in processing and marketing of fish, and as such, they too will benefit from the increased fish yields from the adoption of the recommended feed type.

The recommended commercial floating feed type is known to cost almost eight times as much as the alternative feed type produced on farms from a mixture of byproducts of local agro-food industry. It is also not unusual for the cost of fish feed to make up > 50 percent of variable or total costs of a fish farm, therefore, it is expected that adoption of the recommended feed type will be accompanied by a substantial investment of capital, and principles of innovation adoption predict that the higher cost implications could discourage rapid diffusion of this feed innovation among pond farmers in Ghana.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 35

FEATURE

Lecithin as a rich energy source with nutritional performance

by Catharina Nieuwenhuizen MBA, Nutritional and Technical Support Manager at Noba Vital Lipids

L

ecithin may be produced from egg yolk, but more commonly used in aquafeed are soya and rapeseed lecithin. It is well known that the phospholipids (PL) present in lecithin act as an emulsifier of lipids in the animal stomach and gut, but especially the nutritional benefits of lecithin is why fish nutritionists like to include it in fish and shrimp diets.

Lecithin is widely used in feed for larval and juvenile stages of various species of fish and crustaceans, because those developing fish have a limited ability to the novo phospholipid synthesis.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant PL in fish tissues and is among many others an important catabolic energy source for egg and larval embryogenesis and important for intestinal lipid absorption. In literature many examples may be found of the benefits of PL on survival, growth, resistance to stress tests, prevention of malformations, essential lipid composition of the fish. Seemingly phosphatidylcholine (PC) is more effective for growth improvement while phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are more important for survival and preventing deformities in the developing fish and are a structural component of practically all cell membranes. This article will highlight some of the other reasons and benefits to include lecithin in aquafeed for all life stages.

Pellet quality

PL may improve the performance of the diet by improving the water stability of food particles, or by their action as antioxidant or feed attractant. Castell in Coutteau et al published an interesting example of a practical application of lecithin in 1997. They hypothesise that dietary supplementation of soybean lecithin prevents molt death in lobsters, by reducing the leaching of water soluble nutrients, in particular manganese and

B vitamins. Various forms and concentrations of dietary choline were not as effective as PC in reducing molt death syndrome in juvenile lobsters Soy lecithin may increase the physical water stability of aquafeed pellets and thereby reduce the loss of water-soluble nutrients.

Lipid transport and retention

PL are required in shrimp feed for the efficient transport of dietary fatty acids and lipids from the gut epithelium into the haemolymph, and the mobility of lipids between the various tissues and organs. Dietary PL also improves the mobilisation of cholesterol, which is essential in the molting process of crustaceans. PL also reduces the accumulation of lipid droplets in the intestine, due to its essential role in the transportation of Triacylglycerol (TAG) from the intestinal mucosa via the haemolymph into the serum of shrimp as chylomicron and other lipoprotein. Diets with additional PL have higher levels of plasma lipoproteins and epithelial enzymes.

The inclusion of PL in the diet affects lipid deposition, resulting in increased lipid retention and levels in the animal. A higher proportion of EPA and DHA was observed in juvenile P. japonicas due to the addition of three percent of soybean lecithin in the diet.

Benefits of lecithin (phospholipids): - Higher survival and growth - Better resistance to stress - Prevention of malformations - Improve water stability of food particles - Reduce leaching of water soluble nutrients - Antioxidant - Reduce accumulation of lipid droplets - Higher levels of plasma lipoproteins - Higher levels of epithelial enzymes - Increase lipid retention - Better essential lipid composition of the fish.

36 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

Phosphorous and choline

Phosphorous is a nutritionally important mineral due to its requirement for growth, bone mineralisation, reproduction, nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Choline is an essential nutrient for fish and shrimp (and other animals), and thus needs to be provided by the feed.

Effect on enzymes

PL shows a beneficial effect on brush border (or microvilli) and pancreatic enzymes in rainbow trout. Soybean lecithin induced a significantly higher activity of amylase, lipase, phospholipase A2 and secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK stimulates the pancreatic enzymes secretion and bile release.

A study conducted by Hamza et al in 2008 describes an increase of the brush border enzymes activity like aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase (AN and AP) associated with dietary phospholipid level in pikeperch larvae.

This higher AP activity suggests a better development and intestinal maturation process. Increase in dietary lecithin in microdiets for seabream larvae significantly improved digestive enzymes activities next to better enterocyte maturation, utilisation and deposition of dietary essential fatty acids and larval growth, as a consequence of a better digestion, absorption, transport and deposition of dietary nutrients.

Nobacithin Aqua

Noba Vital Lipids developed a liquid lecithin blend, named Nobacithin Aqua R100.

Native liquid lecithin has a very high viscosity and is therefore not so easy to handle in a feed plant. In Nobacithin Aqua R100, oil and fatty acids have been added to lecithin which makes its application much easier. This Nobacithin Aqua R100 is based upon rape lecithin. It is a NON-GMO blend. Beside this rape base blend, there are also mixtures

FEATURE Phospholipids increase lipid retention and levels in the animals

Lecithin induces a higher activity of enzymes

of Nobacithin Aqua based upon soybean lecithin.

What makes Nobacithin Aqua R100 stand out from other lecithin products? There are many dry lecithin products on the market, those are mainly used for the juvenile and larvae stages. A liquid product is often cheaper than a dry product. With the usage of Nobacithin Aqua you have the possibility to increase the inclusion levels of lecithin, and that is interesting because of the nutritional mechanisms and benefits described in this article. Because of the stickiness of lecithin, blended with fish oil it may be applied as coating for the pellets contributing to a better pellet quality. Nobacithin Aqua is suitable for

larvae, juvenile, and grower diets for many species of fish and crustaceans.

Noba

Noba Vital Lipids is a leading Dutch manufacturer and supplier of high-energy fat products for the animal feed industries, servicing greater Europe. Our strengths are rooted in more than 60 years of experience alongside our high standards of quality, which are fulfilled at every step of the production process. NOBA is deeply committed to ensuring meticulous care and product safety during raw material selection and processing, as well as in the final product. The result is the unbeatable quality found in each and every NOBA product.

Noba partners with leading research universities and animal feed testing centres to conduct basic nutritional research and indepth feed trials. We focus on nutrients, not just ingredients. Our proprietary technology allows us to deliver optimal nutritional value and consistency in every batch we produce.

We deliver throughout Europe with maximum flexibility and reliability, even at short notice. At our premises in The Netherlands, Germany and Austria we have a tank storage capacity of over 100,000 tonnes. These capacities and the provision of a large fleet of modern tankers guarantee punctual and flexible delivery to our clients. www.noba.nl

Your global technology process supplier for the aqua feed industry ANDRITZ is one of the world’s leading suppliers of techno­ logies, systems, and services relating to advanced indu­ strial equipment for the aqua feed industry. With an in-depth knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution from raw material intake to finis­ hed feed bagging.

ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S Europe, Asia, and South America: andritz-fb@andritz.com USA and Canada: andritz-fb.us@andritz.com

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 37

www.andritz.com

aquaculture industry

The International Aquafeed team visits

Dr Eckel International Aquafeed magazine visited Dr Eckel GmbH on-site on Friday 12th June. Founder and Managing Director of the feed additive

company, Dr Antje Eckel welcomed the team and gave a guided tour of the Dr Eckel site.

D

r Antje founded Dr Eckel GmbH in 1994 from humble beginnings in her own home.

She has built up the business ever since then, remaining as the sole shareholder. In 2003 the offices were built, then in 2005 a warehouse was erected for stocking products. In 2009 production began and in 2014 the offices were expanded with an additional floor and outhouse on the current site in Niederzissen.

All Dr Eckel’s own-brand products are produced on this single site and exported to customers all around the world. By the offices there is a pond with much plant life and bird life too – even ducks visit. A legacy of the development is a former wooden prefabricated office. It now fulfils a great role for on-site seminars and meetings with customers, distributors and Dr Eckel staff.

Quality is key

In every section of the site we went to, the quality and standards were impressively high. All machines, parts in the production facility and materials were of the best quality. Dr Antje herself said that she tours the production facilities once a week as part of the oversight procedures. The production tower has three floors (not including the

ground floor) and is quite a landmark in the vicinity.

There are delivery doors and a control centre. The systems can be controlled by iPads but this is not normally done. Audits are carried out for the requirements of customers. On average, 20 tons of animal feed products are produced here daily. Everywhere we looked there was large-scale, high-quality machinery. Quality is a constant theme here, and such an investment will undoubtedly arrive at the end user.

Global growth

Dr Eckel is an international company through and through. Its markets are diverse and constantly expanding. Although its first customers were on the German-speaking market, it is now expanding internationally. Marketing and PR director Sarah Mertens explained that Dr Eckel have an area manager for Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in Central and South America and they are keen to expand activity in the region especially in Aquaculture!

Dr Eckel today

Touring the site, it was clear that several strong missions drive the culture at Dr Eckel.

First, ‘Ecknowlogy®’ is prevalent everywhere.

This registered trade name is Dr Eckel’s own 38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

moniker for their blend of knowledge and technology in animal nutrition. It features in production, in the materials and information.

Customers instantly see specialist scientific know-how combined with first-class customer service.

The current warehouse holds one month’s stock. Delivery is based on a ‘just-in-time’ system. The warehouse has many solar panels on its rooftop, which supply sustainable solar energy to the warehouse itself.

Aquaculture

Dr Eckel’s customers are mostly industry buyers; we were told that only in Asia does the company sell directly to end-users. Dr Eckel is also well aware of Asia’s potential for aquaculture. Recently, the Anta® aquaculture product range has been developed with a particular awareness of the large weighting of aquaculture in the Asia region. To this end, Dr Eckel have permanent staff in Asia such as Andreas Lewke and Yuwei Liao.

After Dr Antje Eckel herself, we were introduced to Sarah Mertens, Dr Tilman Wilke and Monika Korzekwa. This group acted as our guides and provided great detail in their answers to questions. Monika Korzekwa told me her personal story: after a Masters degree thesis on Dr Eckel’s products with a study on quail, both she and the company agreed it was

inevitable that she should continue with them.

As a highly qualified animal nutritionist with experience of Dr Eckel from her university days, it seems Monika is a real asset to the future development of the company.

were at that time in the quarantine phase and they were due to be transferred around a week or two later (mid-June) for trials.

Aquaculture facilities

Growth trials, weight-gain development and feed efficiency studies are the most common types of trials conducted. In total, there are sixteen tanks in the aquarium. The aquarium was developed with support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy.

As Dr Bernhard Eckel said in a press release: “With this aquarium facility and our experience from international animal nutrition we can contribute to the sustainable and healthy nutrition of fish and shrimp. At the same time this production will boost consumer confidence in aquaculture”.

At the site, single heaters maintain temperature with aeration systems as well to re-circulate and clean the water. The fully controlled station is shown in the accompanying photographs.

The aquaculture area in one half of the warehouse houses an aquarium for first-stage trials. This is where Dr Tilman Wilke primarily undertakes his work on new formulations and product trials. Tilman told me that the ease of working on species at the place of production enables a quick and efficient transfer of innovative new compounds from the laboratory to production.

Next to the aquarium is a small laboratory with medium-size mixers and pre-treatment facilities for compound mixtures, thereby eliminating the need to always go over to the large production tower to use the large-scale mixer. Most importantly, Dr Eckel’s various academic partners around the world carry out analysis independently.

According to Dr Tilman Wilke, Dr Eckel’s aquaculture efforts intensified and increased in 2013. This meant providing more solutions for aquatic animal feeds in this growing industry.

When we visited the aquarium, the tanks were being cleaned and disinfected, between housing tilapia and shrimp species. The shrimp

Dr Eckel’s research and development

Regular engagement

Other species such as tilapia have also featured in recent trials. As readers of International Aquafeed will know, Tilman has had aquaculture articles published in this magazine – a recent and July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 39

successful article from the January-February issue focused on phytogenics and natural additives, with many proven benefits for shrimp farming.

Tilman is also actively representing Dr Eckel by speaking at industry conferences and giving presentations. Recently, he gave a presentation in New Orleans at the World Aquaculture Society’s (WAS) ‘Aquaculture America’ conference in February of this year.

In Asia, Dr Eckel have reciprocal agreements for research and development as well as their own staff and office for the aquaculture market. This regional office was established in 2011 because of the growth of their export sales to Asia. In Thailand, trials – especially with shrimp – are being undertaken to assert evidence-based results.

Kasetsart University in Thailand has completed a series of trials with Anta®Phyt and Anta®Ox on pacific white shrimp in challenge trials after after the shrimp are exposed to Vibrio parahaemolytius pathogens. With observations of improved growth performance and improved survival rates and immune responses in the test groups, the evidence shows results that bring benefits to Dr Eckel’s customers.

It was a privilege to have the tour and insights into the culture, scientific knowledge and technical expertise that powers Dr Eckel forward in aquaculture.

EXPERT Tâ—?PIC

EXPERT TOPIC

TILAPIA Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

40 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

EXPERT T●PIC

3

1 Tilapia: adaptable

from fingerling to fillet

O

riginating from the lakes of Eastern, Central and Western Africa, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was first introduced to developing countries as a cheap, easy way for subsistence farmers to provide their families with enough protein.

With improved production techniques and methods of controlling its flavour, the fish became more of a mainstream product.

Communities of migrants from these countries then created a market for tilapia in the developed nations they had moved to, and

2 Tilapia survey

demonstrates GAA’s commitment to responsible aquaculture

S

ince its inception in 1997, The Global Aquaculture Alliance’s philosophy has been to proactively identify the challenges facing aquaculture and to implement practical solutions that lead to continual improvements over time.

One such challenge is the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. Restrictions on antibiotic use are addressed in great detail in both the Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) finfish and

finally a taste for the fish spread amongst the locals.

With a mild, unintrusive flavour, Nile tilapia lends itself readily to a wide range of dishes and cuisines. It’s pretty adaptable from the farmer’s point of view, too. Omnivorous yet predominantly vegetarian, tilapia grow quickly on a diet lower in protein and higher in carbohydrates than that required by many carnivorous farmed species. They are also relatively resistant to disease and poor water quality, and they breed easily.

Keeping mixed-gender groups in ponds can result in lots of stunted offspring competing for food and space. There are two main ways to fix this. You could try sex-reversal.

Administering hormones in their feed at an

early stage ensures the fish all grow up as males. This has an added benefit, owing to the fact that males of this species grow twice as fast as females.

Alternatively, you could continue to raise them in mixed-gender groups, but in cages.

Nile tilapia needs a bowl-like depression in a sandy substrate in which to fertilise their eggs and from which to gather them up in their mouths to brood them. In a cage, even if any eggs do get fertilised, they will simply fall through the mesh and be lost. Being both easier and cheaper than sex-reversal, the cage method is employed across China, Indonesia and much of Central and South America.

Source: FAO

crustacean farm standards and BAP seafood processing plant standards.

On June 2, GAA further demonstrated its commitment to responsible aquaculture by publishing a survey to gather first-hand information on the use of antibiotics in tilapia farming, the results of which will educate the evolving Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) program.

An invitation to take the 11-question survey was delivered to about 125 representatives of BAP-certified tilapia farms and processing plants located in China, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam.

This survey primarily concerns the use of antimicrobials listed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as critical to human

health. Some of these substances are permitted for veterinary use. But there are concerns that overuse could potentially, by spreading resistance, reduce the effectiveness of human antimicrobial therapy. Thus, subject to the survey results, GAA will seek by year’s end to modify the tilapia-specific section of the BAP finfish and crustacean farm standards to exclude the use of antimicrobials listed by the WHO as critical to human health.

Some experts feel that antimicrobials listed by the WHO as critical to human health should be excluded from use in tilapia farming. Other experts feel that these antibiotics are critical tools for disease treatment and animal welfare. BAP-certified tilapia farms and processing plants are encouraged to take the survey, which is anonymous.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 41

EXPERT T●PIC

3

Tilapia production in India:

present status and prospects

by Dr B Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries, India

T

ilapia are now the world’s second most popular group of farmed fish after carp. Worldwide production exceeded 3.9 million tonnes in 2012 according to FAO and demand continues at a steady pace. Geographically Tilapias are the most widespread species for aquaculture production in the world.

Tilapia, a native to Africa and Middle East has emerged as one of the most internationally traded food fishes in the World. Around 20 countries are farming Tilapia, with China, Egypt, Indonesian Philippines, Thailand and Brazil taking the lead.

Tilapia belongs to the family Cichlidae under order Perciformes and has recently been classified into three genera, based on parental incubation of eggs. The species of the genera Sarotherodon and Oreochromis are mouth brooders, while Tilapia incubate eggs in a ‘nest’ built on the bottom of a lake or pond. There are about 70 species of Tilapia, of which eight species are used in aquaculture worldwide (Table: 1). One of the eight cultured species is Nile Tilapia, a relatively large cichlid fish introduced to several countries outside its natural range e.g. Brazil, Australia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India.

Present status

India is a vast country in terms of natural resources and considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. The Indian mainland is drained by 15 major, 45 medium and over 120 minor rivers, besides numerous ephemeral streams. The diverse river systems in India harbour one of the richest fish germplasm resources in the world. Official records show that O. mossambicus was first introduced to India from Sri Lanka in 1952 and thereafter stocked in several reservoirs in southern India for production enhancement.

O. niloticus was introduced to India in late 1987. The aquaculture of O. niloticus expanded in the southern region of the country, especially by private entrepreneurs. In 1995, Vorion Chemicals Ltd. Chennai claimed high production of hybrid red Tilapia, popularly known as golden Tilapia. However, production collapsed for unknown reasons.

Culture of O. niloticus is now gearing up, particularly in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal, and the fish is now distributed to many states particularly the coastal areas.

Cultivated Tilapia are typically hybrids between O. niloticus and other closely related species native to Africa. O. niloticus are one of the easiest and most profitable fish to farm, in part because they are omnivorous and can be fed a diet derived exclusively from plants. O. niloticus and other fish that feed on vegetable materials offer a much more ecologically sound and environmentally friendly means of providing humankind with an abundance of nutritious and delicious fish. There have been frequent escapes of Tilapia from aquaculture facilities due to recurring floods or inadvertent releases. Tilapia now forms a part of the fish fauna in the Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Yamuna and Ganga Rivers.

Presently in many rivers particularly the Ganga River and Krishna River system, the proportion of Tilapia production is about 10-48 percent of the total fish species. However, Tilapia holds vast promise to become an important species for aquaculture in India, considering the demand for more fish. There are many unpublished data about

the availability of Tilapia in tanks, reservoirs and rivers in many states in India. In the Kolkata Wetlands, some farmers are producing mono-sex Tilapia on a commercial scale in waste-water. In Andhra Pradesh Tilapia culture is practised in an area of around 1000 acres.

As the demand for fish increases, diversification of species in aqua-

42 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

EXPERT T●PIC Table 1: World-wide aquaculture tilapia species Sl. No.

Common name

Scientific name

1

Nile tilapia

2

Mozambique tilapia

O. mossambicus (Peters 1852)

3

Blue tilapia

O. aureus (Steindachner 1864)

4

Zanzibar tilapia

O. hornorum (Trewavas 1966)

5

Gallilee tilapia

Sarotherodon galilaeus (Hasselquist 1757)

6

Black-chinned tilapia

7

Redbreast tilapia

Tilapia rendalii (Boulenger 1896)

8

Red-belly tilapia

T. zillii (Ge vais 1848)

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1757)

BIOLEX® MB40 EXCELLENT FOR FISH

S.melanotheron (Ruppel 1852)

culture by including more species for increasing production levels has become necessary. Introduction of Tilapia in Indian culture systems is advantageous because it represents a lower level in the food chain, and thus its culture will be economical and eco-friendly. Mono-sex culture of Tilapia is advantageous because of faster growth and the larger and more uniform size of males.

Government support

Ge

any • Made in erm

G in

e ad

in G

ermany • M a

de

India has enormous potential for aquaculture of Tilapia. Numerous freshwater and brackish water ponds, lakes and reservoirs suitable for Tilapia culture are available in the country. The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA) in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh started producing seedstocks of this variety three years ago based on technology adopted from the World Fish Centre in Malaysia. The centre already has a stock of around one million seed and is capable of meeting demand from other states. O. niloticus is in high demand not only on the local market but also in the US and the European Union.

The development of Genetically Improved Tilapia (GIFT) technology is based on traditional selective breeding and is meant to improve commercially important traits of tropical farmed fish, which is a major milestone in the history of Tilapia aquaculture. The Kerala and Andhra Pradesh governments recently issued directives allowing the farming of O. niloticus.

To encourage entrepreneurs, the National Development Board (NFDB) is also providing financial subsidies for Tilapia culture in the country. For species diversity, Tilapia is one of the most suitable alternative species for Indian aquaculture. In future Tilapia will be the cheapest protein food source in India even for people below the poverty line.

References available on request

REAL BREWERS‘ Biertreber YEAST de in Germany •M

Prospects

Viking Pro

M ade i n G e rm y • an an a •M

MT

rm

y

Tilapia is farmed widely in the whole of Asia, with the exception of India. The Government of India has allowed Tilapia farming recently but with specific guidelines. Farms have to obtain a permit/license from the Government to carry out the farming. Farming is allowed only with mono-sex male Nile Tilapia or its hybrids. Cage culture is permitted in reservoirs where there is an established stock of Tilapia. In cages, use of floating feeds with a minimum protein content of 25 percent is encouraged. The guidelines also specify bio-security measures to prevent escapees. In the case of hatcheries and nurseries, permits are also required and they may only use brood stock from approved foreign Bierhefe Beta-S Mannan® W60 and Indian companies.

In India, O. mossambicus has been widely cultured in states including Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha for the last 30 years. The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) has chalked out a plan to culture O. niloticus in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.

The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), the Research and Development arm of the MPEDA, Government of India also organised a one-day international seminar on Tilapia Aquaculture and Trade, the ‘India Tilapia Summit 2014’ in December 2014 in Andhra Pradesh to popularise and promote Tilapia culture in the country.

For healthy and strong fish: Active support and relief of the immune system High bonding power & inactivation of pathogens/toxins in the intestinal lumen Prebiotic effects on the microflora in the intestine

Aqua Nor, 18-21 August 2015, Norway Meet us in Trondheim: Hall F, Stand 568 Leiber GmbH Hafenstraße 24 49565 Bramsche Germany Tel. +49 (0)5461 9303-0 Fax +49 (0)5461 9303-29 www.leibergmbh.de info@leibergmbh.de

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 43

INDUSTRY EVENTS EVENT LISTINGS 18 August 2015

GLOBALG.A.P. TOUR 2015 Stop Chile: Aquaculture – organized by DNV GL www.tour2015.org

18-21 August 2015 Aqua Nor 2015 www.nor-fishing.no

20-25 September 2015

Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and Feed Management Short Course http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion

21 September 2015

Offshore Mariculture Conference Mexico www.offshoremariculture.com/mexico

30 Sept - 01 Oct 2015

Taiwan international fisheries and seafood show 2015

J

ust a few months from now, top tech and seafood will be exhibited, demonstrated, explored and approved for production, all under one roof.The Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show 2015 will set global trends in fishery equipment and aquaculture.

The Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show 2015 will excel in presenting a one-stop top-to-bottom supply chain that is tightly focused on hi-tech innovations and eco-friendly features. All in one dedicated venue showcasing the latest fishery equipment tech, services and aquaculture innovations along with the latest designs and techniques.

This winter, the expo is expecting more than 2300 visitors from various stores and outlets.

Taiwan-made fishery equipment and aquacul-

3rd NordicRAS Workshop on Recirculating Aquaculture Systems www.nordicras.net

14-16 October 2015

Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015 www.myanmar-aquafisheries.com

19-22 October 2015

AQUA 2015 www.cna-ecuador.com/aquaexpo/

20-23 October 2015

Aquaculture Europe 2015 www.easonline.org

27-29 October 2015 SEAFEX www.seafexme.com

5-7 November 2015 Expo Pesca & Acuiperu www.thaiscorp.com

tured seafood is known to excel in quality, creativity, sophistication and competitive pricing.

Or ganised by Taiwan Exter nal Tr ade Development Council and Wesexpo, the Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show 2015 is a professional show that will feature fishery equipment, aquaculture, seafood & value-added seafood, and processing machiner y equipment.

The Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show 2015 will take place at the Kaohsiung Exhibition Centre from 19-21 November with 200 exhibitors, including a cross-strait and 3 international pavilions: Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam.

It will feature leading exhibitors like Chunghwa Telecom, Jong Shyn Shipbuilding, Shing Sheng Fa Boat Building, Toford Plastics, Anko Food Machine, and Sun Rise E&T, with products that cover endeavours to usher in a fresh wave of solutions to green concerns, innovations and hi-tech.

Show events will include a procurement day, seminar and workshops exploring the latest trends in ocean fishery technology and energy saving, electromechanical equipment, net cage experiences, food safety and sustainable development.

With over 1600km of coastline and 70 islands, Taiwan has one tenth of the world’s marine species represented in its waters. The production value of Taiwan’s fishery industry reaches US$3.3bn, in which ocean fishing ranks in the world’s top three. Furthermore, Taiwan has successfully bred six out of seven of all artificially propagated groupers on ear th. All of which demonstrates Taiwan’s cutting edge technology in fisheries and the aquaculture industry.

16-19 November 2015 Fenacam & Lacqua 2015 http://marevent.com

19-21 November 2015

Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show www.taiwanfishery.com

22-26 February 2016 Aquaculture 2016 www.was.org

25-26 May 2016

Aquaculture UK 2016 http://aquacultureuk.com

04-06 June 2016

LACQUA 2015

W

orld Aquaculture 2011 was one of the most highly attended WAS meetings ever. In 2015, WAS will again team up with FENECAM 2015 for LACQUA 2015, the Annual Meeting of the LACC Chapter and WAS Regional Meeting, SOUTH AMERICAN REGIONAL AQUACULTURE 2015. This time, it will be held in Fortaleza, Brazil andlocated in the midst of many kinds of aquaculture. In 2011, aquaculture in Brazil was doing

well, but now the aquaculture industry is doing even better.

There is a lot of government suppor t for expansion of aquaculture in Brazil.

For taleza will be the perfect place for the world aquaculture community to assemble to consider “Science & Industry Joining Forces to Meet Seafood Demands ". The program will explore the many aspects of this topic as well as addressing technical and practical changes in aquaculture.

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

NEWS SERVICE

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

Aquaculturists

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

Find more event stories at the

i i i i i i i i i

FutureFish Eurasia 2016 www.future-fish.com

www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 44

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Precise and accurate analysis of incoming raw materials ensures high feed quality.

• AMINONIR - fast and reliable amino acid predictions save time and money • The right raw materials from the right supplier for the right price animal-nutrition@evonik.com www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

0228_15_az_AMINO_NIR_190x132mm.indd 1

06.07.15 08:07

WORLDWIDE CALENDAR 2015 - 2018 VIV MEA 2016

FEBRUARI 16 - 18, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.

VIV ASIA 2017

MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND

VIV EUROPE 2018

JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV RUSSIA 2015

MAY 19 - 21, MOSCOW, RUSSIA

VIV TURKEY 2015

JUNE 11 - 13, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

WWW.VIV.NET July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 45

VIV CHINA 2016

SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Aquaculture for healthy people, planet and profit

F

by Roy Palmer

or World Aquaculture Society (WAS) events WA2015 Jeju, Korea from 26-30th May 2015 was an absorbing and noteworthy break from the norm. It was also regarded as successful with a total of over 2400 participants representing 66 countries.

REVIEW

The sun shone on Jeju and everyone who attended learned much about the history of Korea (especially unique cultural folk heritage of Jeju) and the advancements that the country and the area has made in many areas, not least of those being aquaculture.

The conference had 57 sessions and 510 oral presentations and attracted 280 poster presentations all housed with the Trade Show at the International Convention Centre (ICC) located in the Jungmun Tourist Complex with the cobalt-blue Northern Pacific stretching on the south and towering Mt. Hallasan in the north. The ICC spreads over an area of more than 5,000㎥, and is a seven-story building. Jeju Island is not only Korea’s most prestigious destination and top honeymoon spot, but it has been the venue for several political joint summit talks and other major international meetings.

There were 134 booths at the Trade Show covering both Korean and international organisations plying their trade to the delegates and many others who attended the trade show following the successful AquaForum event which aimed to attract farmers from the entire region.

Activities at AquaForum included specific topical industry sessions, facilitated workshops and round table discussions with simultaneous translations.

The focus of the session was targeted towards the most important industry issues affecting key Asia Pacific aquaculture producing countries and a raft of world-renowned experts were engaged.

It is a true Industry forum whereby timely topical and regionally relevant sessions are tailored to enhance industrial representation and participation.

Session topics will include health, nutrition, and production systems of fish and shrimp in freshwater and marine environment.

Whilst travel to Jeju is a trifle complicated everyone arriving was blown away with how many tourists were attracted to the beautiful island. Its extinct volcano with its peak jutting skyward at the centre and a broad, many delegates considered gentle littoral all the way around as a challenging walk!

Jeju is, of course, designated by UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites for its natural beauty and geographical value. There are bountiful forests and ravines, fantastic rock formations and volcanic craters, and caves and grasslands that together paint a natural scene of breathtaking beauty. Sparkling seas and tiny islets surround Jeju, with rocks scattering amidst sandy beaches to create a magnificent view everywhere you look.

Jeju is unique in many ways so it combines modern aquaculture with other important and relevant seafood history, education and entertainment.

Importantly Jeju is well known as a centre in Korea for the flatfish species of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the history with Abalone with the infamous wild fish diving women through to current aquaculture farms. Jeju is actually much more than that as far as aquaculture is concerned with some two thousand plus people engaged in the industry on the island involved in all sectors including research, hatcheries, farms, feed mills, etc and covering a multitude of species covering eels, sea cucumbers, fish from parrot fish to rainbow trout and tuna and shellfish from shrimp to clams and oysters.

Additionally Jeju is home to a Future Aquaculture Research Centre and besides having its own provincial government research activities also houses July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 46

INDUSTRY EVENTS

SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS WITH PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY

Fortaleza, Brazil

Fortaleza - Brazil Nov. 16-19, 2015 E ENC SC I

USTRY joining for & IND ces

to m ee

ts

ea fo o

Do you want to understand the challenges of developing aquaculture as a means of sustainable food supply? Do you want to do this in an established and renowned Masters programme within a vibrant and international postgraduate community? You will develop an in-depth understanding

of fish, shellfish and algal production with an emphasis on nutrition, feed management, health, welfare and the need for sustainable technologies. You will gain skills hands-on with a focussed aquaculture research project and undertake technical training from nutritional analyses to microbiome sequencing.

Programme Lead: Dr Daniel Merrifield More info: www.plymouth.ac.uk/courses @plymouthbiol +44 1752 585858

admissions@plymouth.ac.uk School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 47

More info on

www.was.org

s

MSc SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

d

d an

Be the future of food security

d

em

The World Aquaculture Society (WAS) has decided to hold the Annual Latin American & Caribbean Chapter, WAS meeting (Lacqua 2015) and the first Regional World Aquaculture 2015 (RWA’15) in Fortaleza, Brazil. The Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Camarão (ABCC) has decided to work with WAS/LACC to join LACQUA15/RWA’15 with FENACAM ‘15 including the XII International Shrimp Farming Symposium and the VIII International Aquaculture Symposium.

INDUSTRY EVENTS important National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI) activities as well as Jeju National University and home to ‘Aqua Planet Jeju’ which is the largest aquarium in all of Asia (Total Floor Area: 25,600m², 10,800 tons) reportedly approx. 11 times that of 63 Sea World. With approx.

48,000 animals and plants of around 500 species in exhibition.

There was an underplayed but special emphasis on women in aquaculture at the event which ensured there was a stronger than normal female presence at the event. With WAS having a stronger than usual female board, there was an effort to link to the Jeju history of Haenyeo ("sea women", are female divers) and that saw a female plenary speaker and 26 female Session Chairs.

The Opening Ceremony which typically covered many of the important local protocols was followed by a generous and sumptuous buffet on the 5th floor of the ICC with lots of opportunities for networking and superb views over the ocean. Always a good start to a conference!

The Plenary introduced by Conference Co-Chairs Jay Parsons and S. K. (Albert) Choi saw Chung Yeong-Hoon presenting on ‘Status and Future of Korean Aquaculture’ followed by Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted speaking on ‘How can Aquaculture Contribute to Healthy Diets of the Poor?’ and concluded with Kangsen Mai presenting ‘Aquaculture is the only way to meet the Increasing Demand for Aquatic Products - the Example of China’. This was followed by the Student Spotlight.

Chung Yeong-Hoon is the Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy Officer, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and he spoke of an impressive aquaculture program for Korea. The main emphasis was on transitioning from being production orientated to ecosystem aquaculture based on farm management systems being more concerned with environmental carrying capacities; integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA); expansion of Biofloc technology and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).

The four issues would be integral in the Korean Government’s program based on Space Innovation which would see these activities operate offshore, in tidal flat aquaculture and a hybrid aquaculture island. This connected with Technology Innovation and virtual aquaculture technology, fisheries seed and vaccine development along with what was termed, Aquatic Life materials industry, and research and development activities would deliver stable

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 48

INDUSTRY EVENTS production, increase in seafood exports, job creation in aquaculture industry, securing intellectual property and loyalty and improved customer relationship management.

‘The important background to all these efforts’ emphasised Chung YeongHoon will be reliant on species information and Big Data and he set out a plan on how that will occur.

Senior Nutrition Scientist at WorldFish, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, based in Bangladesh and has a background with the Department of Human Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Her broad area of research and expertise is food-based strategies for improved food and nutrition security in low-income countries. She has carried out work in Bangladesh, Cambodia, West Bengal and Nepal, together with government institutions, universities and NGOs, focusing on the potential of nutrient-dense small fish in combating and preventing vitamin and mineral deficiencies, in particular, vitamin A, iron, zinc and calcium, especially in women and children. At the WorldFish Centre, she has been developing and implementing the CGIAR Mega Program 4: Agriculture for Improved Nutrition and Health.

In her presentation Dr Thilsted put a lot of emphasis on the aquaculture industry getting a greater understanding of the importance of the healthy nutritional products that they could create through aquaculture and the importance of the industry to the poor.

Shakuntala has long been an advocate of the importance of the education relating to the most important days of anyone’s life – the one thousand days from time of conception until the two-year-old birthday. During that time getting the right nutrition is so important that it shapes the future of each individual.

Explaining the underlying characteristics of a healthy diet for the poor, Shakuntala accentuated the importance of fish and other aquatic foods which are rich in several essential micronutrients. Highlighting work recently achieved in Bangladesh, Dr Thilsted spoke about a range of fish based products which included fish chutney, complementary food and fish powder as being successful in creating the ideal nutritional base to assist the poor.

Dr Thilsted hoped that the delegates could take away the message that it should not all be about large scale aquaculture and monoculture but that

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 49

INDUSTRY EVENTS small scale and a food systems approach was essential when dealing with improving the opportunities for the poor. Additionally she underlined the need to minimise waste and losses through the supply chains, the need for good preservation and innovation in processing to deliver desirable, affordable micronutrient rich fish based products.

Additionally Shakuntala was a keynote speaker for the Seafood & Health (GILLS) session at the event which primarily discussed the ‘Recommendations of the 2nd International Conference on Nutrition’ (see http://www.fao. org/3/a-mm215e.pdf). As a result of this session WAS has agreed to establish a Community of Practice (CoP) for ‘Aquaculture – Food Security & Nutrition’ as it was clear that there many missing pieces to the full Aquaculture nutrition story. The session also included Jillian Fry (John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health), Madan Dey (University of Arkansas) and WAS Director, Roy Palmer.

The information relating to the CoP’s will be posted on the WAS website (www.was.org), and that will include information for anyone that is interested in engaging.

Dr Kangsen Mai, Ocean University of China, is a Professor of aquaculture nutrition based in Qingdao, China. He currently focuses on fish species native to China and as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering plays a major role in shaping the country’s aquaculture policy. Additionally he is Vice chairman of the China Society of Fisheries and committee member of International Fish Nutrition and Feeding.

Kangsen’s current research topics are mainly on the nutritional physiology and nutrient quantitative requirements of the representative mariculture species in China, such as turbot, yellow croaker, seabass, and groupers. He is particularly interested in the comparative studies on the protein metabolism among carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish, and the replacement of fishmeal by alternative protein sources in their feeds.

In his presentation Dr Mai was very centred on a recent news story which came from Science Journal (Jan 9th 2015) and a publication by Cao et al which announced a sensational conclusion “China’s aquaculture sector is destined to diminish wild fish stocks worldwide.”

He continued stressing that opponents of aquaculture generally argue

SUBSCRIBE TODAY Get 6 editions of International Aquafeed magazine, and a copy of the International Aquafeed Directory I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Fine particle filtration in aquaculture

Understanding ammonia in aquaculture ponds

– an update

Pellet distribution modelling: New functional fish feeds to reduce cardiovascular disease

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 6 2 0 1 3 -

EXPERT TOPIC – Salmon

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 5 2 0 1 3 -

22/11/2013 14:38

IAF13.05.indd 1

S E P T E M B E R | O C TO B E R

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 4 2 0 1 3 -

13/09/2013 09:24

IAF13.04.indd 1

Profitable aquafeed moisture control

– in European aquafeeds

– one of the key B vitamins for sustaining healthy fish growth and production

EXPERT TOPIC

Ultraviolet water disinfection for fish farms and hatcheries

J U LY | A U G U S T

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 3 2 0 1 3 -

24/07/2013 14:33

Chicken viscera for fish feed formulation

Nutritional benefits of processed animal proteins

Niacin

– as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia

– channel catfish

N OV E M B E R | D E C E M B E R

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Transforming aquaculture production using oxygenation systems

Controlling mycotoxins with binders

Effect of probiotic, Hydroyeast Aquaculture

AquaNor event review

– a tool for improved feed delivery in sea cages

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

They are what they eat Enhancing the nutritional value of live feeds with microalgae

The potential of microalgae meals – in compound feeds for aquaculture

IAF13.06.indd 1

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Maintaining ingredient quality in extruded feeds

Animal co-product hydrolysates: – a source of key molecules in aquaculture feeds

Prevalence of mycotoxins in aquafeed ingredients:

IAF13.03.indd 1

M AY | J U N E

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 2 2 0 1 3 -

13/05/2013 16:03

Spray-dried plasma

Bioenergetics

IAF13.02.indd 1

– application in aquaculture nutrition

– from porcine blood in diets for Atlantic salmon parrs

Towards aquafeeds with increased food security

The shrimp feed industry in China – an overview

MARCH | APRIL

VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 1 2 0 1 3 -

04/04/2013 16:17

IAF13.01.indd 1

JA N UA RY | F E B R UA RY

+

23/01/2013 10:51

One year subscription only £69 / €84 / US$114

Subscribe at:

Available in: English Spanish Chinese

www.aquafeed.co.uk Or contact our circulation manager, Tuti Tan on: +44 1242 267700 • Email:tutit@aquafeed.co.uk

Next Stop: Puerto Varas, Chile 18 August 2015 organized with DNV GL

#GGTOUR2015 | www.tour2015.org

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 50 IAF_subscribe90x132.indd 1

22/05/2015 11:45

INDUSTRY EVENTS that the industry threatens food safety, results in environmental pollution and depletes wild fishery stocks. He said they have the opinion that aquaculture should be stopped or only extensive farming should be allowed to continue.

Dr Mai said, “Obviously their views are extreme and they lack global vision and long term considerations and seem to forget about the increasing global population and income.”

From here Kangsen gave a powerful history of the move from hunter-gatherer to domestication and farming – the inevitable choice for human society development. Additionally based on FAO 2014 figures he highlighted the fallacy of the Science Journal article by showing that China’s capture per capita is only 9.5kgs whereas world average is 11.3 kgs and China has the second lowest when compared with the world’s top 18 countries of fisheries.

Additionally he highlighted that in general, China does not aquaculture carnivorous fish with at least 50 percent of the Chinese aquaculture industry not depending on Aquafeed as they use natural productivity. Even on the utilisation of fishmeal Dr Mai presented information showing that China had achieved over the last 15 years massive gains due to technology driven by the high prices required. He accentuated that China was actually an absolute net fish producer with a low ratio of fish in/fish out.

To add to his points he mentioned that one of the world’s most influential thinkers, Lester R. Brown, had recently said “The world may not realise how great China’s contribution to Aquaculture is at this time. Aquaculture is the most efficient technology of animal production, based on FCE in animal farming (2-7 times higher than land animals).

“The rapid growth of aquaculture in China has not only contributed to improved food supply (1/3 food protein from fishes) but has also generated employment and income to the Chinese people. About 4.3 million rural workers are directly employed in aquaculture. In 2012 total seafood exports from China was US$ 18.98 billion accounting for 30 percent of the total agricultural exports. Aquaculture not only raised the fish consumption per capita in China from 9.5kgs (wild capture) to 36.6kgs in 2013, but also in the world, exporting 4 million MT more than importing”, said Dr Mai. All of these plenaries created a strong platform for the conference which delivered on many facets for all engaged.

22nd Annual Practical Short Course on

Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition, & Feed Management September 20-25, 2015

AE2015 JOIN US IN THE NETHERLANDS

o discussion and live equipment demonstrations following lectures on four major types of extruders

Images courtesy of Rotterdam Marketing, the Dutch Mussel Promotion Board and Holland Aqua B.V.

o 30+ lectures over a wide variety of aquaculture industry topics o one-on-one interaction with qualified industry experts o at the internationally recognized Food Protein Hands-On Experience R&D Center on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas o various shaping dies (sinking, floating, high fat), coating (surface vs vacuum), nutrition, feed formulation, and MUCH MORE!

For more information, visit http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion

Extruding Aquaculture Feeds

or contact Dr. Mian N. Riaz mnriaz@tamu.edu 979-845-2774

easonline.org Organised by the European Aquaculture Society in cooperation with IMARES Wageningen UR

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 51

AE2015 Gold Sponsor

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)

Elevator & Conveyor Components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Enzymes Additives Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com

www.evonik.com

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

GMP+ International

ExtruTech Inc

+31703074120

www.liptosa.com

www.sonac.biz

www.abvista.com

Westeel

Certification

+34 902 157711

+31 499 364800

+44 1672 517 650

www.tsc-silos.com

www.westeel.com

Liptosa

Sonac

Ab Vista

+31 543 473979

+1 204 233 7133

Evonik +49 618 1596785

TSC Silos

+1 785 284 2153

www.gmpplus.org

Conveyors

www.extru-techinc.com

Event organisers Vigan Enginnering

VIV

+32 67 89 50 41

Analysis R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com

Colour sorters B端hler AG

Romer Labs

+41 71 955 11 11

+43 2272 6153310

www.buhlergroup.com

www.romerlabs.com

Amino acids Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

+31 30 295 2772

www.vigan.com

www.viv.net

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl

Satake +81 82 420 8560

Amandus Kahl

www.satake-group.com

+49 40 727 710

Computer software

www.akahl.de

Adifo NV

Andritz

+32 50 303 211

+45 72 160300

Cenzone

www.adifo.com

www.andritz.com

+1 760 736 9901

Format International Ltd

www.cenzone.com

Brabender

+44 1483 726081

+49 203 7788 0

www.formatinternational.com

www.brabender.com

Animal Health & Nutrition

Bags Mondi Group

Colour sorters

Buhler AG

+43 1 79013 4917

SEA S.r.l.

www.mondigroup.com

+41 71 955 11 11

+39 054 2361423

www.buhlergroup.com

Bin dischargers Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

Bulk storage

www.seasort.com

Coolers & driers Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

Bentall Rowlands

FrigorTec GmbH

+44 1724 282828

+49 7520 91482-0

www.bentallrowlands.com

www.frigortec.com

Chief Industries UK Ltd

Geelen Counterflow

+44 1621 868944

+31 475 592315

www.chief.co.uk

www.geelencounterflow.com

Croston Engineering

Muyang Group

+44 1829 741119

+86 514 87848880

www.croston-engineering.co.uk

www.muyang.com

Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Elevator buckets Alapala

Coperion GmbH +49 711 897 0 www.coperion.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

+90 212 465 60 40

Zheng Chang

Silos Cordoba

www.alapala.com

+86 21 64188282

+34 957 325 165

Tapco Inc

www.siloscordoba.com

+1 314 739 9191

Symaga

www.tapcoinc.com

+34 91 726 43 04

STIF

www.symaga.com

+33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com 52 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

www.zhengchang.com

Palletisers

Feed Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com SPAROS Tel.: +351 249 435 145 Website: www.sparos.pt Wynveen International B.V.

Obial +90 382 2662120

Ehcolo A/S +45 75 398411

www.obial.com.tr

www.ehcolo.com

MYSILO

PAYPER, S.A.

+90 382 266 2245

+34 973 21 60 40

www.mysilo.com

www.payper.com

Muyang

Pellet binders

+86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Akzo Nobel

+31 26 47 90 699

+46 303 850 00

www.wynveen.com

Symaga

www.bredol.com

Hatchery products

+34 91 726 43 04

Borregaard LignoTech

Reed Mariculture

www.symaga.com

+47 69 11 80 00

+1 877 732 3276

www.lignotechfeed.com

Tornum AB

www.reed-mariculture.com

PellTech

+46 512 29100

+47 69 11 80 00

www.tornum.com

Laboratory equipment Bastak +90 312 395 67 87

www.pelltech.org

Pest control

www.bastak.com.tr

Level measurement BinMaster Level Controls +1 402 434 9102

Sensors Aqualabo

Rentokil Pest Control

+33 2 97 89 25 30

+44 0800 917 1987

www.aqualabo.fr

www.rentokil.co.uk

Agromatic

Pipe systems

+41 55 2562100

Jacob Sohne

www.binmaster.com

www.agromatic.com

+49 571 9580 FineTek Co., Ltd +886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

+45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Andritz

Vega

Dol Sensors

www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Used around all industrial Plants sectors.

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45

+44 1444 870055

Shrimp feed additives

72 160300

Dishman

www.andritz.com

www.vega.com/uk

+31 318 545 754 www.dishman-netherlands.com

Buhler AG

Moisture analyzers

+41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

CHOPIN Technologies

Training Aqua TT

+33 14 1475045

FAMSUN

+353 1 644 9008

www.chopin.fr

+86 514 87848880

www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770

www.muyang.com

Probiotics

www.doescher.com

www.hydronix.com

Vacuum

Rolls

www.seedburo.com

Leonhard Brietenbach

Wynveen International B.V.

+49 271 3758 0

+31 26 47 90 699

www.breitenbach.de

www.wynveen.com

OJ Hojtryk

NIR systems

+45 7514 2255

NIR-Online

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipment Rembe

Packaging

+49 2961 740 50 CB Packaging +44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com

www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

www.biomin.net

+1 312 738 3700

www.nir-online.de

+44 1635 579516

+43 2782 803 0

Seedburo

+49 6227 732668

Ridgeway Biologicals

Biomin

Hydronix +44 1483 468900

Vaccines

www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de

Mondi Group

Sanderson Weatherall

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)

+43 1 79013 4917

+44 161 259 7054

+33 3 20 81 61 00

www.mondigroup.com

www.sw.co.uk

www.lesaffre.fr

Ugur Makina +90 (364) 235 00 26 www.ugurmakina.com

Silos Kepler Weber Group +55 11 4873-0300 www.kepler.com.br

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 53

The aquafeed

interview

Liv Holmefjord has been Director General of Fisheries in Norway since 2008. The Directorate of Fisheries is an advisory and executive body in matters relating to fishing and management of aquaculture. Her main tasks involve regulation, guidance, supervision, resource management and control. She is also Chair of the Nor Fishing Foundation - an organisation established in 1992 by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries, which today has the right and responsibility to hold the Norwegian International fisheries exhibition, Nor Fishing and Aqua Nor (held between 18 - 21 August, 2015). Following her father and grandfather who were fishermen, she has spent most of her career in the seafood sector. She was educated at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Admin.

Can you tell us a little bit about the origins of Aqua Nor and how it has developed?

Regarding the origins of Aqua Nor there had been fisheries exhibitions in Trondheim (under the name Nor-Fishing) for several decades before the aquaculture conference in 1979 and the first ‘proper’ Aqua Nor in In 1981. Since then, Aqua Nor has been established as a bi-annual event concentrating on aquaculture. The exhibition has a 30-year long history and brings together a wide range of people, from local entrepreneurs to scientists and is a key point for the exchange of knowledge in the industry. It has grown rapidly, and is very different from its first early stages in the 70s. The structure of the industry has also changed: companies that exhibited used to be locally owned; now some of these large companies are listed on the stock exchange. Aqua Nor has developed along with the industry, and also the number of visitors has increased significantly.

There is a new A1 hall that has been added for 2015. What does this signify with regards to the growth of Aqua Nor and the aquaculture industry in general?

There are in fact a couple of new halls: A1 and A2. There has not only been an increase in exhibitors, but also in the number of those who wish to increase the size of their stand. The exhibition is now fully occupied and there is a long waiting list of exhibitors who wish to participate. The area that is covered is now the largest ever. This signifies a sense of optimism in the industry, but also dynamic development and the sharing of knowledge amongst the industry, scientists, researchers, public authorities, and local communities.

Technology evolves quickly. What can visitors look forward to in the advanced fish farming technology show being held this year?

Hopefully a lot! The Aqua Nor exhibition is where all the fields of technology, processes and services related to the farming of salmon as well as other species of fish and shellfish etc. are on display, and experts from all over the world get together to exchange experiences and learn about innovations.

A key example of Aqua Nor’s commitment to technology is the innovation award. This year we received 17 applications.

The three finalists that were selected have developed new and exciting solutions. The Board of Directors of the Nor-Fishing Foundation will discuss the proposed winners in a meeting on Monday 17 August, and the Innovation Award - consisting of NOK100, 000 and a diploma - will be presented to the winner during the Festive Evening in Trondheim at the Scandic Nidelven Hotel on Tuesday 18 August.

However, it is important to mention that it is not just technology that will be showcased. Different services and scientific solutions will also be showcased, coupled with discussions; numerous seminars, mini conferences and presentations will be held on various subjects.

Aqua Nor clearly also has a wide international reach and a strong focus on internationalism; examples of such are the Travel Award and the link with Aqua Sur in Latin America. Can you tell us a little about these things?

With the need to increase global food production, aquaculture has to be an important part of this. Our specialty in Norway is farmed salmon, and the Nor Fishing foundation is quite convinced we have a lot to learn from other countries.

The Travel Award was introduced in 2013 when we hosted a visitor from Pakistan. We are currently in the process of deciding who will be coming this year. The basis is for someone to come and learn about aquaculture and to make contact with experts; in return, we hope they will spread the word about Aqua Nor when they go back to their country. We are privileged in many ways in Norway and we try to contribute to sustainable aquaculture in other nations.

We have cooperated with Aqua Sur for a long time. Atlantic salmon is the main farmed species in both Chile and Norway so there is a lot of synergy between the two countries.

How many visitors and exhibitors are expected to attend this year?

We are expecting 500 exhibitors from 27 countries and hope for 20,000 visitors - making this the biggest Aqua Nor yet. We hope to build upon our experience making this an important place to be. Aqua Nor is not only an exhibition, it is a meeting place for those involved in the industry from other countries, delegates and government authorities. There are also organised excursions on offer too. Students from Trondheim and the rest of Norway are invited to visit Aqua Nor free of charge on Friday 21st August 2015 to explore the opportunities offered by exhibitors and the aquaculture industry.

Why is Norway well positioned to hold an international aquaculture event?

Norway is a large seafood producer, both for wild-caught fish and aquaculture. This is a science-based industry and our cooperation between science, government and industry means that we have something to offer the rest of the world, but we can also learn from other countries. We have a long coastline in Norway; seafood is an incredibly important industry, alongside oil and gas. Seafood is the second largest export industry in Norway. Norway is the second largest exporter of seafood in the world after China.

Trondheim itself has an attractive waterfront with harbour facilities. Skansen, which is only five minutes’ walk from the exhibition halls, offers the possibility of exhibiting full scale floating equipment and vessels in their right element.

54 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

An extended version of this interview can be found on the Aquaculturists blog.

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 55

AQUACULTURE

INDUSTRY FACES

E

Nutriad strengthens aquaculture team in Asia uropean feed additives manufacturer Nutriad has appointed Mr Ho Gim Chong as Commercial/ Technical Manager Aquaculture SE Asia to reinforce its team of aqua experts in the region. “Regional aquaculture specialists are an integral part of our strategy to expand our footprint in the key aquaculture markets globally and particularly in SE Asia”, says Dr Peter Coutteau, Business Unit Manager Aquaculture for Nutriad.

“Aquaculture is expanding extremely fast and maturing from a young, pioneering activity into a more professional, consolidated industry. On that path, aquaculture producers are facing big challenges in terms of feed cost efficiency and disease prevention."

“The experience in supporting aquaculture farms as well as the veterinary expertise of Gim Chong will further enrich our aqua team in Asia Pacific where health issues have become top priority for almost all aquaculture species”, says Allen Wu, Nutriad’s Regional Manager Aquaculture for Asia Pacific.

Ho Gim Chong holds a degree in Biology specialized in Molecular Biology and Genetics from the University of Putra, Malaysia, and completed a Master degree in Parasitology, Molecular Biology and Zoonotic Epidemiology. He worked previously as Lecturer/ Researcher in Veterinary Parasitology at the University of Putra Malaysia, and has consulting experience in aquaculture farms in SE Asia.

L

Dr Ingrid Lupatsch joins AB Agri Ltd as Aqua Nutrition Manager eading researcher Dr Ingrid Lupatsch has for many years been focused in the field of aquatic nutrition for a wide variety of fish species as well as shrimps, sea urchins and abalone. Her emphasis in her studies and commercial interests has been bioenergetics, quantification of dietary energy and protein needs, digestibility, feed formulation and improvement of feeding systems and waste remediation in the sector.

Further research encompasses evaluation of nutritive efficacy of sustainable feed ingredients including plant proteins, animal by-products as well as algal biomass and it is this specific interest, which has drawn her to join the entrepreneurial team at AB Agri.

Ingrid joins an embryonic business with great aspirations. Created with the sole aim of researching, developing and delivering new protein technologies to the aqua sector the business recognises the unsustainable dilemma of our reliance on soya and fishmeal as core protein feeds.

The business will, with Ingrid’s help, develop a range of products which will provide new and sustainable opportunities for improving aqua feed performance, with materials that offer superior provenance and value.

Ingrid’s background will prove invaluable to the AB Agri team, in previous roles she has acted as a consultant to feed manufacturers and fish growers advising them on how to best optimise commercial feed and feed management. Commercial Director of the new business - Neil Geddes commented, “We know Ingrid will be able to add great value to our future customer’s businesses as well as our own business, she is unique in her field and a great asset to the industry overall.”

VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific announces new General Manager

M

r Nino Gruettke, Managing Director of VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific, has announced the appointment of the new General Manager, Mrs Kanya Viravan. Mrs Viravan succeeds Mrs Ladda Mongkolchaivivat, who became the Executive Vice President - Marketing of NCC Group.

Prior to this post, Mrs Viravan was the Assistant Vice President - Sales at Asset World Leisure and TCC Hotel Group for the past 11 years. She brings a wealth of experience in hotel sales, marketing and leadership. She also played an important role in international key trade accounts and trade fairs.

Mr Gruettke and Mrs Viravan will work hand in hand to enhance VNU's market presence and to further develop positive exhibition and conference results - in particular in the agri-food business and in the laboratory equipment industry.

"I am pleased to announce the appointment of Mrs Kanya Viravan. Kanya's profound experience and in-depth knowledge of hospitality, sales, and international management will strengthen our leading position in the industry," Mr Gruettke said.

"I am very glad to join VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific. My new role is an exciting challenge and I am looking forward to expanding our network and corporations to new industries and to growing our business," said Mrs Viravan.

Allen Wu elected as Board Director of World Aquaculture Society – Asia Pacific Chapter Mr Allen (Ming-Hsun) Wu, Nutriad Regional Manager Aquaculture – Asia Pacific, and Dr S Felix, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, India won the recent 2015 WAS APC Board elections. The World Aquaculture Society was founded in 1969 in the USA and has grown to more than 3000 members in about 100 countries representing the global aquaculture community. WAS has created Chapters in the United States, Japan, Korea, Latin American and Caribbean region and the Asian-Pacific region. The Asia Pacific Chapter (APC) is part of an international network of Professionals who contribute to the progressive and sustainable development of aquaculture throughout the world.

Mr Allen Wu has been an active member of WAS since 2002 and a member of the industry relationship committee since 2012. He also served as a member of the steering committee of Asia-Pacific Aquaculture 2013 and participated actively in “World Aquaculture” and “AsianPacific Aquaculture” conferences in the region. He was the judge of student presentations at World Aquaculture Adelaide 2014 and was invited as session chair of World Aquaculture 2015.

Mr Wu has years of experience in communication between the aquaculture industry and the academic sector. Mr Wu commented, “It is my pleasure to serve as an industry representative to WAS-APC board, to highlight what our industry really needs and dedicate time to this prestigious society to grow.”

56 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

DL-Methionine for Aquaculture™ The best choice for your aqua feed.

DL-Methionine for Aquaculture™ plays a central role in ensuring balanced nutrition and optimal growth of various fish species. Maximize your feed efficiency with our services AMINODat® Aqua and AMINOCarp®.

DL-Methionine for Aquaculture™

animal-nutrition@evonik.com www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition