scientific references RESPOND TO SEASONAL CHANGE • ANIMALS Davenport, J., O’Halloran, J., Hannah, F., McLaughlin, O. and Smiddy, P. 2009. Comparison of plumages of white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus and blackbird Turdus merula. Waterbirds 32(1):169-178. Morrison, S.F., Forbes, G.J., Young, S.J., and Lusk, S. 2003. Within-yard habitat use by white-tailed deer at varying winter severity. Forest Ecology and Management. 172(2-3):173-182.
RESPOND TO SEASONAL CHANGE • PLANTS AND ANIMALS II Wikipedia: Hibernation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation
Pages 272-289 In: Turillazzi S; West-Eberhard MJ, editors. Natural History and Evolution of Paper-Wasps. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications. Jeanne RL. 1975. The adaptiveness of social wasp nest architecture. The Quarterly Review of Biology 50(3): 267-287. Kudo K; Yamane S; Yamamoto H. 1998. Physiological ecology of nest construction and protein flow in per-emergence of colonies of Polistes chinensis (Hymenoptera Vespidae): effects of rainfall and microclimates. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution. 10(2): 171-183. McGovern JN; Jeanne RL; Effland MJ. 1988. The nature of wasp nest paper. Tappi Journal 71(12): 133-139.
Winter: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter
Singer TL; Espelie KE; Himmelsbach DS. 1992. Ultrastructural and chemical examination of paper and pedicel from laboratory and field nests of the social wasp Polistes metricus Say. Journal of Chemical Ecology 18(1): 77-86.
OPTIMIZE LIGHT • TREES
REGENERATE MATERIALS • EPHEMERAL HERBS
Wildlife Online: European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus: http:// www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/hedgehogs.html
Jackson LWR. 1967. Effects of shade on leaf structure of deciduous tree species. Ecology 48(3): 498–499.
Blank JL; Olson RK; Vitousek PM. 1980. Nutrient uptake by a diverse spring ephemeral community. Oecologia 47: 96-98.
Sack L; Melcher PJ; Liu WH; Middleton E; Pardee T. 2006. How strong is intracanopy leaf plasticity in temperate deciduous trees? American Journal of Botany 93(6): 829–839.
Constable JVH; Peffer BJ; DeNicola DM. 2007. Temporal and light-based changes in carbon uptake and storage in the spring ephemeral Podophyllum peltatum (Berberidaceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany 60: 112-120.
Vogel S. 2009. Leaves in the lowest and highest winds: temperature, force and shape. New Phytologist 183: 13–26.
Muller RN; Bormann FH. 1976. Role of Erythronium americanum Ker. in energy flow and nutrient dynamics of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 193(4258): 1126-1128. Teklela S. Spring Ephemerals. S. http://www.naturesmart.com/ articles/04_16_04.htm Wikipedia contributors. Ephemeral plant [Internet]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2011 Mar 15, 10:33 UTC [cited 2011 Mar 30]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Ephemeral_plant&oldid=418934115.
MATERIALS REDUCE EMBODIED ENERGY • PAPER WASPS Hansell MH. 1996. Wasps make nests: nests make conditions.
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