6.0 Functional layout
Functional layout Organising the building functions is one of the architect’s most important tasks. With a few sustainable tools, it is possible to develop a design that incorporates all essential aspects – flow, indoor air quality, energy-efficiency and architectural identity. In order to understand the potential of the built environment, the designer changes between scales in an iterative process. One of the elements which spans across several scales is functional layout, i.e. the organisation of the various functions in a building. An intelligent layout where functions are consolidated in sections and put together in accordance with the specific needs and resources is the key to successful buildings. The trick is to find a balance between a fluid and fixed functional layout. A well-defined distribution of functions is decisive to achieve an energyoptimised design. An effective strategy to achieve both is zoning, which consolidates functions in fixed zones, organised to allow for optimal synergy between them. The building must work optimally both in zones and as a whole.
Functional layout is not just a question of flexibility but also a means of optimising comfort. A robust organisation of functions ensures an efficient use of square metres. Waste space is avoided, which benefits both use patterns and energy consumption. This means that the client saves money for materials and energy, of benefit to both the economy and the environment. If functions are organised in a matrix of sections, you achieve a high degree of flexibility, which extends the life span of the building. A flexible functional layout
serves to future-proof the building because it can then be adapted to accommodate the needs of new users as well. If the distribution of functions is not thoroughly considered, it can create large problems for the indoor air quality and energy consumption. Placing functions without consideration for solar heat, for instance, bears the risk of overheated spaces. High temperatures and glaring reduce the level of comfort and efficiency among the users – and it costs both energy and money to regulate the temperature mechanically by means of ventilation, cooling or automatic solar protection, which is activated when the sun shines and prevents the user from looking out the window. Zoning makes it possible to adapt installations to the needs of the various functions. In this way, functional layout is not just a question of flexibility but also a means of optimising comfort. It is decisive for the overall flow and long-term adaptability of the building that the functional layout strategy is able to cover several scales. The functional layout is a significant element of the building identity. A successful building makes use of the context to for instance create a good indoor air quality.
DESIGN WITH KNOWLEDGE |
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