WORLD ENERGY [R]EVOLUTION A SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
figure 7.2: global power plant market 1970-2010, excluding china
•• •• •
140,000
120,000
100,000
NUCLEAR COAL GAS (INCL. OIL) BIOMASS GEOTHERMAL
•• ••
HYDRO WIND CSP PV
80,000
60,000
40,000
7
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
MW/a 0
source Platts, IEA, Breyer, Teske.
USA: Liberalisation of the US power sector started with the Energy Policy Act 1992, and became a game changer for the whole sector. While the US in 2010 is still far away from a fully liberalised electricity market, the effect has been a shift from coal and nuclear towards gas and wind. Since 2005 wind power plants have made up an increasing share of the new installed capacities as a result of mainly state-based renewable eneggy support programmes. Over the past year, solar photovoltaic plays a growing role with a project pipeline of 22,000 MW (Photon 4-2011, page 12).
The graphs show how much electricity market liberalisation influences the choice of power plant technology. While the US and European power sectors moved towards deregulated markets, which favour mainly gas power plants, China added a large amount of coal until 2009, with the first signs for a change in favour of renewable energy in 2009 and 2010.
figure 7.3: usa: power plant market 1970-2010
•• •• •
70,000
60,000
50,000
•• ••
NUCLEAR COAL GAS (INCL. OIL) BIOMASS GEOTHERMAL
HYDRO Policy act 1992 deregulation of the US electricity market
WIND CSP PV
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
source Platts, IEA, Breyer, Teske.
200
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
MW/a 0 1972
POWER PLANT MARKETS IN THE US, EUROPE AND CHINA
7.1 power plant markets in the us, europe and china
1970
the silent revolution |
20,000