o2m), voice over IP (o2o, o2m, m2m), video conferencing systems (o2o, o2m, m2m)
Cooperation (Internet 3.0)
web-based discussion boards (m2m), blogs (o2m, m2m), video blogs (v-blogs)/photo blogs (o2m, m2m), group blogs (m2m), social network services (e.g. online dating and friendship services like myspace, o2o), social guides (o2m, m2m), mobile telecommunication (e.g. SMS and cellular phones; o2o, o2m), online rating, evaluation, and recommendation systems (e.g. tripadvisor, eBay- and Amazon Market Place-user ratings, listing of similar items at Amazon, o2m, m2m) Wikis (m2m), shared workspace systems (e.g. BSCW) (m2m), asynchronous groupware (m2m), knowledge communities (e.g. Wikipedia)
Multi User Dungeons (MUDs) (o2o, o2m, m2m), MUDs ObjectOriented (MOOs) (o2o, o2m, m2m), graphical worlds (o2o, o2m, m2m), MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Games, o2o, o2m, m2m) Synchronous groupware (collaborative realtime editing shared whiteboards, shared application programs, m2m) Table 5.1: A typology of Internet technologies
In addition to cognition, communication and cooperation are also becoming more important aspects of the Internet. That has been stressed recently by the concepts of social software and Web 2.0 that focus on the transition from information consumption and publishing to applications that support more communication, cooperation, and participation on the Internet (O’Reilly 2005). Tim O’Reilly (2005) has stressed that the transition from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 means a change from the Web as a publishing platform to a tool supporting communication. Communication applications have been supported by the Internet since its beginning, but at least since the rise of the World Wide Web it has been dominated by information provision applications. With the rising importance of social software, the character of the WWW changes; many-to-many communication and cooperative knowledge production seem to become new dominant qualities of the Web. Social software (like discussion boards, mailing lists, wikis, blogs) has become a central foundation of Internet activities. “Social software is a set of tools that enable group-forming networks to emerge quickly. It includes numerous media, utilities, and applications that empower individual efforts, link individuals together into larger aggregates, interconnect groups, provide metadata about network dynamics, flows, and traffic, allowing social networks to form, clump, become visible, and be measured, tracked, and interconnected” (Saveri, Rheingold, and Vian 2005, 22). 102