LAPA CASE STUDIES BARCELONA by Davide Di Capua

BCN case studies

case studies/barcelona/101021

archeology/environment/organization/economics/immigration martina vesik/lea serikoff/davide di capua/elena nunez/isabel stella

2 axes /regular grid/ irregular/urban space/harbour front/fortification/regular grid/suburbanisation/infill/structure/limits/limits/means of transportation/train routes/pedestrian streets/ metro, bus and tram stops/commuters/types of streets/built environment/environmental issues/climate on architecture/housing/density/population/origins/density/housing/integration/population/ foreigners/immigration/international status/efficient economic policy/industry location/trade portrait of an strategy/airport/tourism/how, who and why/evaluation of Barcelona/politics/mega-events/governance/future plans

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona

archeology

2 axes The initial Roman nucleus was the basis for an urban configuration that despite a series of transformations still represents the seminal core of Barcelona.

franks

hordes of al-mansur

barbarian & moorish invasions

romans

barcino â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mediterranean urban center

-1000

celts

greeks

carthaginians

roman colony

strategic position on Mons Taber, between two rivers, with a natural port, fertile soil and ample watersupply.

arc

olo

gic

fortified rem

by a 2m high wall. The town layout follows roman planning traditions with regularity, horizontal and vertical axes.

ain

reuse

historical waterfront

of the roman city structure when rebuilding the city after invasions, colonizations and fire in the early middle ages.

Hypothetical Roman layout compared to Barcelona of today

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 DE COSTER & LECLUSE, 17 promenades dans Barcelona, Casterman, 1992 http://www.barcelonapoint.com/en/guide/Barcelona-History/4/History-Barcelona-Roman-Period.html

irregular capital of the western mediterranean Barcelona was the capital of a great maritime power and exerted strong influence on dominated cities and regional systems. New town walls were built to enclose

beginning of a series of plagues

the new settlements outside the city: the viles noves.

1300

2nd town wall

catalan-aragonese empire

carrer de montcada

1200

1100

formation of catalonia

catalan dynasty

small port led to disputes between different social sectors in the harbour. The domination of the Western Mediterranean had intensified maritime military and commercial activities.

irregular town layout typical to the medieval period. Defensive town wall construction was open to the sea. The prestigous street carrer de montcada, became a commercial center and is still preserved today, with its medieval palaces.

artisanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s houses in the viles noves. Workshop on the ground floor, family on one floor above. A city of guilds and trade.

rre

historical waterfront

tca

Hypothetical medieval layout compared to Barcelona of today

urban space catalan loss of power After a time of great splendour, Barcelona sunk into a major population crisis, due to plagues and epidemics. The expelling of the jews led to bank crashes and the change of dynasty to the Castile, made Barcelona depart from the forefront that it had occupied.

1500

columbus discovers america. focus turns to the atlantic ocean

expelling of the Jews

completion of the rambla

decline of catalan dynasty

1400

the drassanes (shipyard) completed. exists still today

3rd town wall

1300

the splendour of catalan gothic

plagues devastated the population

change of pace

3rd town wall surrounded the Raval, the suburbs, and completed the Ciutat Vella. City with gardens and farming activties, and with space for future expansion.

compact nature of the walled medieval city within the old wall. Still small port with intense activity.

the

rav

the

the rambla

was the first, large urban space. City promenade of first order. Livliest public space during the 15th century, and still today.

ram

bla

ciu

tat

historical waterfront

lla

Layout compared to Barcelona of today

harbour front difficult century

Barcelona had lost its role of political and military power in the Mediterranean with the result of stagnation. But the network of the guilds maintained its economic dynamic. Wars between Catalonia and Spain destoryed parts of the city.

1700

citadel montjuïc

wars conflicts epidemics

port

1600

1500

demographic reucuperation

«the lost century»

finally a port

1/8 = french Population fall was to some extent offset by french immigration.

the port finally began to be materialised. An urban front at the port was created by bakning up earth.

conflicts to the central government because of spanish wars and degradation of agricultural life. The spanish crown proposed higher taxation for «the rich city of Barcelona», with no thought of the centuries it had taken to raise the city.

cit

historical waterfront

ntj

uïc Layout compared to Barcelona of today

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona – the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 DE COSTER & LECLUSE, 17 promenades dans Barcelona, Casterman, 1992 http://antiquemapseurope.blogspot.com/2009/09/plan-de-barcelone-capitale-de-catalogne.html

fortification under the spanish crown

construction boom

Explosion in construction with building up the excisting city rather than developing new land, led to deterioration of the city image and to poorly functioning buildings. The city had a dynamic of activity and endeavour, with a new work and trade climate.

1800

barceloneta

catalan renaissance

trade with america

the citadel

1700

surrender to the spanish crown

modernisation

the citadel was build to defend the city and to ensure the spanish crownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s control over uprisings. The Barceloneta was built to compensate for a neighbourhood that was demolished due to the citadel.

growth the

the

112

historical waterfront

cit

35,000 to 112,000 inhabitants in one century. Typological change from artisanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to plurifamily house. Capitalist system moved work away from the home.

modernisation

rce

lon

eta

in the Catalan society with the absolutist power developing institutions such as universities and art schools, along the same lines as the French Enlightenment.

regular grid Barcelona was the effective capital of Catalonia – a leading city in industrial development with a lot of innovative ideas.

the 1888 great exhibition

demolition of the citadel

the eixample – city plan by cerdà

demolition of the town walls

pioneer in urban planning

1900

1800

facelift in ciutat vella

colonizing land outside the wall

industrialisation «catalonia is the factory of spain»

modern city

demolishion of the citadel, the town walls (because of a congested, dense city with 850 inhabitants/ha) and former monasteries.The new spaces were converted into a public park, squares, market places or universities.

the eixample

pla

20m h:20m

rre

f th

ixa

by Cerdà marked the process and new shape of Barcelona. Became an ideal model for new towns in southern Europe. Analytic approach and social components. Street blocks with 20-metre-wide streets and gardens inside. Chamfered corners to ease crossing and providing guideline for building alignment.

err

the exhibition of 1888 showed the most advanced city in Spain. The concentrated, intense boosts to make the exhibition were useful for the development of the city.

The Cerdà plan and the spread of the city compared to Barcelona of today

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona – the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 http://www.barcelonayellow.com/images/stories/barcelona_pictures_eixample/barcelona_eixample_cerda_ plan.jpg

relocation of industry

greater barcelona one million inhabitants

Towns with industries and workers outside the city was annexed to create a «Gross-Barcelona». The immigrant population was beginning to numerous but supplied the industries with cheap labour and increased the potential market of consumers.

1950

«functional city» proposal with the macià plan 1934 by le corbusier and GATCPAC

1929 electrical industries exhibition promoted westward urban development the barcelona pavilion

zoning as planning tool with green space distribution

gaudí – sagrada família

low-cost housing act for worker accommodation

via laietana

great immigration 20,000inhabitants/year

1900

suburbanisation

urban reform in the Ciutat Vella, by joining the Eixample to the port with a broad road. The street Via Laietana connected the cities two focuses of dynamism and increased accessibility, but some important buildings were demolished. In the Eixample, the street blocks were being overbuilt and closed.

immigration made the population increase from 384 000, at the beginning of the century, to one million in 1930.

casa de renta or apartment houses in the Eixample with slow financing system led to little investment in the Eixample. Main floor occupied by the family owning the house, with a warehouse or business on the ground floor. The upper floors were rented out to different social classes.

Layout compared to Barcelona of today

infill

transformation in the road system

2000

the olympic village 1992

updating main infrastructure

barcelona strategic plan 1988

barceloneta 1,000 inhabitants/ha

1950

the general metropolitan plan

modern techniques of analysis and urban planning evaluation

metropolis

new life through the olympic games Barcelona has shown its interest of being an international point of reference with much effort put into the evolution and exhibition of the city.

recovery in the eighties with the strategic plan, by defining weak points and reducing their impact. The Olympic Games justified work on infrastructure and many of the services developed led to constant flow of tourists later on.

oly

ins

tal

lat

seaside

ins

tal

lat

accessibility. The city turned to the Mediterranean with beaches, new housing and transformation of the harbour.

ion

heritage

oly

ins

tal

lat

ion

Barcelona is a city with an evolution of extension, rather than reform. With the first roman layout still visible in the city grid, the urban structure has expanded through many ambitious urban plans. Even though old parts of the town has given place for modernisation every now and then, Barcelona has been able to keep and treasure much of the archeological and cultural remains.

afr

Infill within Barcelona for the Olympic Games. Unique buildings.

barcelona now

structure catalunya in spain

limits with their relationship to politics The stucture in spain is quiat complex. In fact it allows the autonomy of catalunya. They have there own rules and right.

lo na

rc e

lu ny a

1+1

rid

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

350 parliament seats in spain

135 deputat in parliament of catalonia

17 communities

17 autonomous comunities

na lo rc e ba

rc e

Barcelona

maragall Pasqual Maragall was the mayor of barcelonna for 15 years. He was left wing and a lot involved in urban planning trough all those years as most of his predecessor.

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Transforming Barcelona, Tim Marshall, 2004 www.bcn.cat

limits

natural borders

Sedimentary rocks composed of ďŹ ne fragments: Pelites, Sandstone Clay, Pebbles and Gravel Gravel, sand and silt Built infrastructures

expansion the city can no longer grow either north (the Collserola mountain) or south (mediterranean sea) but only to the east and west.

airport

urban obstacle the airport prevents residentia developmets due to its noise. The expansion is near the mountain to ensure a well being

going east the main expansion for residential areas will be to the east of the Besos river

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: google maps http://www.icc.es/esl/Home-ICC/Inicio/Cartoteca/La-Cartoteca

limits

politcal limits political limits with their built/unbuilt spaces The metropolitan administrative definition is around 3,235 km2. 1/3 of the surface are non private spaces (non parcel, forest,...)

public spaces private spaces

rri sV ell

10 -G

rd ó

No u

The city of Barcelona is divide in 10 political ditricts

at ut

ui -G ta Ho r

re u

An d

nt Sa at Ci ut

tí ar M nt Sa Ve lla at Ci ut

m xa Ei ïc on tju M

tí

ut at

Ve lla

10 Ci

a sV ell u No

rd ó

cia rà xa Ei pl e

The district are divided in 76 neigborhoods in total

si cia rà

6 2

va G er nt iàSa

ïcSarr -M on ts Sa n

tju

rts Co Le

rri

rts

rri

à-

dr eu

rta

1 These are administrated by one councillor designated by the main city council, and each of them have some powers relating to issues such as urbanism or infrastructure in their area.

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Barcelona en Xifres, Adjuntament de Barcelona, 2006

transport

means of transportation

44.2%

28.8%

7.5%

of total transport is by foot

of total transport is by car

of total transport is by metro

1.0 % bicyle

3.4% motorcycle

1.6% inter urban bus

0.4% other

7.2 % urban bus 4.9% railway 1.0% other

non powered transport 97.8% by foot

public transport

private transport 2.2% by bicycle 88.4% car

1.2% other 10.4% motorcycle

22% railway 33.8% metro 7.2% inter urban bus 4.5% other 32.5% urban bus

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: TBM Annual report 2009

transport principal road axes

major roads into city major roads in city

2/3 of space the City is virtually destined for the use by private motor vehicles. It occupies 2/3 of the public road network space

66% commutes the private vehicle is the main transport mode choice by commuters from the periphery to the metropolitan core

5 x expensive a city of automobile than without cars

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: ASENSIO Javier, Transport Mode Choice by commuters to Barcelona, 2002

transport

-500

train routes

outskirt the access by train brings the traveler to the outskirts of the city

Text to the graphs/pictures

47508 users/day

22.1%

commutes the rail is the main public transport mode choice by commuters from the periphery to the metropolitan core

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: ASENSIO Javier, Transport Mode Choice by commuters to Barcelona, 2002

transport pedestrian streets

Sa eu dr

An a

la el rti tV a ta t M iu n C Sa tM

n Sa ti ar 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: http://w20.bcn.cat:1100/GuiaMap//Default_en.aspx

transport

metro bus and tram suburban train

-500

metro, bus and tram stops

lack of public transport in: Les Corts Sarria Sant Gervasi Sants Montjuic Sant Andreu

Text to the graphs/pictures

consenquence of the lack of accessibility in these neighbourhoods are: augmentation of car use therefore augmentation of air pollution augmentation in use of natural ressources

150982

users/day

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: google map

commuters

daily commuting on a labor day

3% exterior

13.9%

1991

1996

choice: private 20

1986

from periphery to mertropolitan core

the maun choice of transport mode are privte vehicles. This is due to the lack of public transport and search for independence

intercoronary

intracoronary

28% of emissions

83.1% daily commuting on a weekend

13.9%

72% higher

intercoronary

78.1%

exterior

amount of energy consumed per inhabitant in transport than inhabitants of Barcelona

intracoronary

100

come from trafďŹ c in the streets

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: ASENSIO Javier, Transport Mode Choice by commuters to Barcelona, 2002

transport types of streets photographic urban density by district

Gracia

Eixample

Ciutat

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: google maps

built environment

-500

parks

68 parks

Text to the graphs/pictures

18.1 m2/hab

9.4%

city surface

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: http://www.bcn.es/parcsijardins/cat/parcs/pa_mapa.htm Guies Estadistiques, Barcelona en Xifres, Novembre 2006, Adjutament de Barcelona

environmental issues ozone excess

0 10 20 30

in Barcelona when ozone concentration exceeds 120 um/m3

over 66% of population are affected, in the summer, by ozone levels in excess (180 um/m3). WHO limit: now 100 um/m3

3.0 days

emissions 37% Elicitricity and gas 28% trafďŹ c in streets 35% incorrect use of waste by city by night

lausanne

palermo

rome

nice

marseille

valencia

sevilla

madrid

athens

number of days when ozone concentration exceeds 120 um/m3

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1& language=fr&pcode=tgs00087, 27.09.10 http://geographyďŹ eldwork.com/barcelona.htm

environmental issues ﬂood impact protection

highways national

-500

The sewer system capacity can overflow when there’s torrential rain. Retention tanks are a prevention for floodi impact

days/year Athens: 103 days of rain/year Geneva: 121 days of rain/year local rainfall: 60Hm3/year

Text to the graphs/pictures

3 1

3 retention

tanks

to prevent overflow of wastewater from the sewage system

273000 m3 1 the Viladomat tank: 35000 m3 2 the Zona Universitaria: 145000 m3 3 the Bori i Fontesta tank: 145000 m3

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004270 http://geographyﬁeldwork.com/BarcelonaPollutionManagement.htm

the built

climate on architecture the cerda plan

45째 angle for a maximum of sunlight

inner courtyards and gardens

speculation landowners were against the initial cerda plan for speculation reasons. Instead of the inner courtyards and intended 2 bar per block typology, they built the wholre block up

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: google maps MACKAY David, Modern Architecture in Barcelona, 1985

housing

% room flat per district similarity between flat in the different area

84%

ro o

fla

The compactnnes of the plan is a way to create flexible area with different kind of people.

19%

13%

23%

30%

25%

32%

33%

32%

29%

11%

25%

18%

10%

The people who own the appartment where they are living, only 26% in switzerland. This means that there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a lot of migratiosn trough the city.

fla

32%

4% 15%

14%

18%

ro o

fla t

13%

2% 10%

ro o

10%

mixity In the compact model city, the mixty is a goal to not create segregation or too much diferences between appartment prices

fla

ro om

10%

10% 9%

t fla

6% 10%

ro om

23%

13%

15% 14%

10%

6 2

ro om

fla t

24%

16% 12%

10%

6% 10%

13% 8%

% of apprtment districts

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Barcelona en Xifres, Adjuntament de Barcelona, 2006 www.bcn.cat

housing

density of following the appartments size appartments by municipalies

di ag on a

There is also a politicall issue for the housing in barcelonna which doesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;nt allow the segregation.

concentration

12 80

municipalities

ite

> 500 up to 120 m2

16 00

The huge appartments are concentrated mostly on the av.diagonal . This create a linear concetration and not punctual.

dispertion

00 <1

> 1600 up to 60 m2

ed ite

ra ne

se a

neighborouds

The distributions of the appartment up to 60m2 are equal trough the city .

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Barcelona en Xifres, Adjuntament de Barcelona, 2006

La .00 us 0 an h ne /m

h/ m 2

population

Pa 0.8 ris 0 0

M 7.4 an 0 ha 0 tta h n /m

/m 2

G 1.7 en Ă¨v 00 e h

m 2 1

Ba 5.7 rc 0 el 0 on h / a

density comparaison to the density in others cities The density in Barcelonais one of the most important fact of the city.

15.700 14.329 h/m2

7.162 h/m2

20.914 h/m2

13.785 h/m2

22.318 h/m2

The city of Barcelona is one of the most compact city in the world. The biggest density appears in the Eixample distric where the plan Cerda is almost without public spaces

grid The bloc of 133m by 133m allows the bigest desities.

24.591 h/m2

35.696 h/m2 density districts

21.732 h/m2 24.591 h/m2 7.951 h/m2

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Xifres oficials poblacio a 1 gener 2009, Instituto National de Estadisica www.demographia.com

FOREIGNERS 17,3 %

17,6 %

population evolution 1991-2010

impact of the foreigners in local population

15,6 %

Population growth in recent years due to the huge number of immigrants to Barcelona

10,7 % 4,9 %

2010

Economic crise

2008

Bulgaria and Roumania in the UE

2007

2003

2001

1,9 %

1996

1991

1979

Autonomous status of catalunya

1,5 %

1 000 000 spanish population

TOTAL POPULATION 2 000 000

NO OF PERSONS Evolution of the Impact of immigration on the local population 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010

population foreigners

comparison with other cities

viena berlin 30% zurich

rome

budapest 17.6%

athens

22%

barcelona

amsterdam Comparison of foreign population in european cities 2010 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010 official site of Athens, cityofathens.com

immigration

Spanish

71.6 %

Foreigners

51.9 % America 19.2 % Asia 17 %

Europe

4.4 % Africa

origins immigrants Main origins People come from al around the world and specially underdevelopped countries

167 nationalities in Barcelona

Top ten foreigners Italians Morrocans Ecuadorians Chineses Pakistans

spanish Catalunya Andalucia Aragon Asturias Baleares islands

Provenance of immigrants in Barcelona, 2008 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010

barcelona

40 %

12 %

foreigners in the city center

paris

density

share of foreigners spatial distribution

Strong concentration of the foreign population in the city center of Barcelona

more than 25 %

20-25 %

10-25 %

less than 5 %

Map of territorial distribution of foreigners in Barcelona 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament Barcelona, 2010 Diagnostic local dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;intĂŠgration de la ville de Paris, 2002

80.2 %

66.6 %

of foreign population lives in a rental

of foreign population lives in unifamiliar house

19.8 % is owner

housing communities housing segregation Most of the immigrants coming from developped countries lives near ÂŤthe diagonalÂť, area known for its qualities of life

Asia

Europe

12 %

America and Africa

of housing are absolete

16 % of housing are obsolete

40 % of housing are obsolete

Map of territorial distribution of foreigners by nationalities, 2010 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010

Catalan

56.3 %

90.1 %

population speaking and writing catalรกn

population speaking and writing spanish

percentage of spanish population speaking catalรกn and spanish

92.1 %

spoken languages social integration

A very small percentage of foreigners speaks catalan. This can be a problem of integration for the immigrants

Spanish

spanish people

integration

foreigners 56.3 %

percentage of foreing population speaking catalรกn and spanish

15.8 %

80 %

Annual report on knowledge of languages 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: INFORMES ESTADร STICS, La poblaciรณ estrangera a Barcelona Gener 2010

SPANISH POPULATION

population labor market

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

FOREIGN POPULATION

proportions by nationalities The proportion of contracts signed by foreign augmented, instead, fewer and fewer spanish workers. Mainly of the contrats are temporary and sign for jobs in the service sector

50 %

87 %

72.1 %

of the labor contrats are for temporary jobs

of foreign population work in the service sector

12.1 % industrial sector 11.9 % industrial sector 3.5 % no occupation 0.3 % agriculture

100 %

PERCENT OF REGISTERED CONTRATS

Graphics of the evolution of the labor market, 2005-2009 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010

52.5 % of foreign population are men

65 and more 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-10 10-14 5-9 0-4

foreigners profile

Typical immigrant In general, the foreigners are men and they come for work in the service or construction sectors

32 age

ecuador Origin

baccalaureate Academic qualification

65.8 %

33.8 %

of foreign population work in the service sector

of foreign population is from Latin America

23 % construction sector 6.1 % industrial sector 0.6 % agricultural sector 4.5 % no occupation

sants montju誰c Residence

service sector Occupation, working sector

Foreigners profile, 2010 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010

immigration issues 2012

ambitions of Barcelona Barcelona is well aware of issues with immigration and held every 4 years a new plan.

///////manage migration flows/helping residents/family integration/market access work/employment for residents/break irregularities/training people/professional quality/competitiveness/adapting public services/reception improve/promoting independence/promoting language learning/social integration and cohesion/integration into a common public culture/new catalans in the medias/recognition/breaking stereotypes/promoting associations/rooting the territory///////

Summary of immigration and citizenship plan targets, 2012 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: citizenship and immigration plan, 2008-2012

economy

tokyo 1191 GDP

world’s n1

LA 1191 GDP

nyc 1133 GDP

world’s n2

chicago 1191 GDP

world’s n3

world’s n4

paris 1191 GDP

world’s n5

economy madrid 1191 GDP

world’s n23

barcelona 1191 GDP

international status crucial European City

Barcelona has a recognized place at a European scale as far as nternational economy is concerned. However, it’s economy is far away from the world’s top leading cities.

world’s n31

Lo 2

45 5 0 46 11 ris ilan Pa M 0 8 14 33 18 3 na 1 rid 2 elo bul 1 ad e rc m m Ba Ista Ro

M Main European cities according to their GDP in US $bn 2010-2011 / epﬂ / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Liverpool University study, 2005

cul tura 4.1 l % 32.6 %

powered 45.2 %

others

medicine/schooling 10.5%

transport 54.8 %

100

transport

comerce/touris

al st 7. ate 5%

bicycle 2.2%

foot 97.8%

caixaLayetana / laCaixa % of catalan ﬁnances operated with the catalan banks main banks

3.4 % by motorcycle 0.4 % other

7.2 % urban bus 1.6 % inter-urban bus 7.5 % metro 4.9 % railway 1.0% other

private

n tio uc str .4% on 18

powered

70%

powered 45.2 %

/c try

public

1.0 % by bicycle

Catalan Stoke Market

powered

.2%

non

catalan ﬁnancial/media

non

m 14,75%

powered

44.2 % on foot non

independent system

non

22.2 % public transport

independent economical system +diversity/care/innovation

ind

44.2 1 7.2 1.6 7.5 4.9 1 28.8 3.4 0.4

division by the diversity of economical sectors

ﬁn an 23 ce .8 s %

8% other

rt po ns % tra 2.1

ia/ ed

economy efﬁcient economic policy

transport

28.8 % by car

car 88.4% 0

diversity/care/innovation public/private institutions high inversions in innovation events + proyect

other 1.2% motorcycle 10.4% 100

Main European cities according to their GDP in US $bs 2010-2011 / epﬂ / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Cmara de Comercio de Catalonis,Liverpool University study, 2005

16.5%

43.1% traditional 40,4% medium

10% advanced

16.5% advanced manufacture activities

catalonia towards technology

2.6 %

41,19% medium

48.81% traditional

economy industry location crucial logistic area Industry has originaly been one of the main sources of Barcelona’s economy. Located nowadays outside the city , it’s the main one in Catalonia . It’s location is a crucial trade cross.

location Industry is located in Barcelona’s surronding areas. Ever since the industrial revolution started tin the city there was a natural approach to the river location.

trade The entire industrial area is integrated in a system that involves railway, the airport and the port, all along with the riverside and the main road connexions.

inversions Barcelona is the spanish city with a highest investment in ultimate inovation technologies and research. The only exception s to this rule were years 2001 2002 and 2009 2010.

others powered 45.2 %

non

powered

transport

2010-2011 / epﬂ / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona – the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 http://antiquemapseurope.blogspot.com/2009/09/plan-de-barcelone-capitale-de-catalogne.html

containers T

merchantising T 2009

pasangers

2009

economy

trade portrait of an estrategy a crucial part of a logistic system One of the main port on the mediterraneum

Genoa Livorno

Bilbao

A Coruña

Civitavecchia

Barcelona

Porto Torres

Vigo

Madrid Porto

Valencia Lisboa

Algeciras Alger Tanger

Bejaia

Tunis 16.7% gral. NO cont.

28.8 % G.sol

4.8% G. liq 44,4% hidrocarbures. 9.2% G. sol.

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona – the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 sources: Port Catalonia files. WorldTradeCentre Catalognia files.

economy airport

4,627 Madrid-Barcelona route

2,500 Roma Fiumicino - Milano Linate

n2 spain

lack of improuvements for the trade system

in ters of trafﬁc intre EU-27

Lo 50 7 ,5 52 6 75 ,8 59 08 7, 4 16 , ,2 67 le l 4 85 35 au 51 43 ho 3, k ow 3 5 p G i c i 1 hr jas 2,7 e ch in ,8 tw at d a ra 3 a S s 33 He G Ba na m rt M rle u a rid elo rc kff

Lo ris Pa

en ch

Main European airports according to the trafﬁc density 2010-2011 / epﬂ / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: EuroStat- Stadistics in focus 2009

National Intra UE International

BARCELONA PRAT ROMA FUMICINO PARIS ORLY

LONDON HEATHROW PARIS CHARLES DE GAULE FRANKFURT MAIN MADRID BARAJAS AMSTERDAM LONDON GATWICK MUNCHEN

BARCELONA PRAT ROMA FUMICINO PARIS ORLY

LONDON HEATHROW PARIS CHARLES DE GAULE FRANKFURT MAIN MADRID BARAJAS AMSTERDAM LONDON GATWICK MUNCHEN

PARIS ORLY

ROMA FUMICINO

BARCELONA PRAT

MADRID BARAJAS AMSTERDAM LONDON GATWICK MUNCHEN

LONDON HEATHROW PARIS CHARLES DE GAULE FRANKFURT MAIN

economy aeroport

problems to solve

national googd average

intra UE good average

international below the media

Main European airports according to the nature of ﬂights 2010-2011 / epﬂ / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: EuroStat- Stadistics in focus 2009

economy turism

a leading city in the sector

Du 0 ,0 0

rlin

Lo ris

Pa 00 6 ,0 ,02 79 7 ,1 ,99 15 4

en Vi

m Ro 56

7, 0

M rid

elo

Main European cities according with the number of tourist in 2009 2010-2011 / epďŹ&#x201A; / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Barcelona Tourisme, 2009 study

50 %

48.7 %

percentage of tourists comming for vacation

percentage of tourists coming from the European Union

41.9 % professional 8.1 % others

tourism

how, who and why

Provenances and purpose of the visit Most of the tourists come from developped countries. They arrive by air and especially for holidays

31.1 % spain 20.2 % other countries

3.1 %

6.476.033 number of tourists in 2009

Top ten foreigners

12.3 %

9.2 %

Italy United kingdom France U.S.A Rest of America Japan

spanish

74.9 % 0.9 %

Catalunya Madrd Andalucia Pais valencia

Percentage of transport used by tourist in barcelona, 2009 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Barcelona Tourism Statistics, april 2010

tourism

evaluation of Barcelona Most of the tourists come to Barcelona to visit the city and enjoy the architecture and the culture

ARCHITECTURE

CULTURE

LEISURE AND ENTERTAINMENT

HOTELS

SHOPPING

RESTAURANTS

Position in the rankings of top cities

position in europe London 1 Paris 2 Roma 3 Berlin 4 Madrid 5

Barcelona

Dublin 7 Viena 8 Munich 9 Praga 10 Amsterdam 11

1.7 nights Average stay

RANKING Opinion about differents aspects fo Barcelona, 2009 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: Barcelona tourism statistics, 2009

politics

elections 1979-2007

comparaison between the two most popular parties Referendum in Barcelona happen each 4 years for the locals, autonomic, generals.

catalonia elections

spain elections

left The politican stucture in barcelona is clearly on the left wings (PSC).

right Catalonia is mostly in the rignt wing. This allows Barcelona to be more autonomous.

continuity The continuity of the political believe allows the realisation of the politic urban proposal

20 0

barcelona elections

PSC (left wing)

CIU (right wing)

CIU (right wing) 2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : http://www.bcn.cat/estadistica/catala/dades/telec/

mega-events

cultural projects as urban radiation Olympic Games 1982/Forum 2004 The olympic games are one of the major international events that a city can have.

5.5 billionsâ&#x201A;Ź

7.7 billionsâ&#x201A;Ź

36 billionsâ&#x201A;Ź

Barcelona 1992

Athens 2004

Beijing 2008

promotion The council is concious that the international promotion of the city by mega-events such as theolympic games is a way to urbanize and renovate the city.

1992

mediteranean neighborouds districts

-w ew re -a at in ga irp er fra t or tre sc de t e at tu lt xt m ct a en en ur si t e on

fo ru

-5

ac e

w at

-o km er -s lym c fro -re ea p oas n st sid ic p tlin t au e o ra pro rt e nt m s/ e ba na rs de

The year of the olympic games and also the social and urban revolution of the two past decades

impact of beds in hotel

The forum was the last big urban plan of the city.

llo

1990

2004

-n

18.569 1992 25,055 2000 31,338

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Transforming Barcelona, Tim Marshall, 2004

governance urban policies

planning through the city Through all the different period of urbanisation the coun was deeply invled in the planning situation, also b trying to innovate and use the city as a labaratory for different architects and planners.

///////urban renovation/integrated city/limitation of urban sprawl/cohesion/complexity/modernisation of infrastucture/rehabilitaion of ÂŤCiutat VellaÂť/public spaces/integretion in the network/ capacity of innovations/internal diversity/articulation of metropolis/no segregation/polynodal metropolis/evade the formation of ghettos/ decentralisation of public services/partipatory planning/sustainabelity/mixed area/social interaction///////

22@ This is one of the next industrial are where a transformation of 1.159.626 m2 will be transformed into a mied area

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources : Transforming Barcelona, Tim Marshall, 2004

future plans sustainable Barcelona

change waste management policiesreduce emissions from city buildings and streetsreduce

car useimprove energy efficiency of city buildingsdevelop

large scale solar energy projectsreduce

CO2 emission levels

to 1.5million tonnes a yearbuild

super blocks with restrictes traffic and priority for pedestrians

2010-2011 / epfl / enac / lapa / prof. Harry Gugger / case studies / barcelona sources: ASENSIO Javier, Transport Mode Choice by commuters to Barcelona, 2002

conclusion

frontline and independance

barcelona is concious of the urban problems that immigration, economy and sustainable problems can induce/The planning has been a tradition and always tries to be on the forefront/The city has been a laboratory, with a lot of innovation, but the state of this city is very dependent on the political situation, and can easily come into crises/BCN is a head leading city as they know that is the only way to get to a frontline position in the World, and to revindicate their independent indentity.

sources books ASENSIO Javier, Transport Mode Choice by commuters to Barcelona, 2002 BUSQUETS Joan, Barcelona – the urban evolution of a compact city, Nicolodi, 2005 DE COSTER & LECLUSE, 17 promenades dans Barcelona, Casterman, 1992 MACKAY David, Modern Architecture in Barcelona, 1985 MARSHALL Tim, Transforming Barcelona, 2004

statistics Barcelona en Xifres, Adjuntament de Barcelona, 2006 Barcelona Tourism Statistics, april 2010 Barcelona tourism statistics, 2009 Statistics guide of barcelona, Ajuntament barcelona, 2010 Citizenship and immigration plan, 2008-2012 Cmara de Comercio de Catalonis,Liverpool University study, 2005 EuroStat- Stadistics in focus 2009 Guies Estadistiques, Barcelona en Xifres, Novembre 2006, Adjutament de Barcelona INFORMES ESTADÍSTICS, La població estrangera a Barcelona Gener 2010 Liverpool University study, 2005 Port Catalonia fi les. WorldTradeCentre Catalognia fi les. TBM Annual report 2009 Xifres oficials poblacio a 1 gener 2009, Instituto National de Estadisica Diagnostic local d’intégration de la ville de Paris, 2002

internet http://antiquemapseurope.blogspot.com/2009/09/plan-de-barcelone-capitale-de-catalogne.html http://www.barcelonapoint.com/en/guide/Barcelona-History/4/History-Barcelona-Roman-Period.html http://www.barcelonayellow.com/images/stories/barcelona_pictures_eixample/barcelona_eixample_cerda_plan.jpg http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004270 http://www.bcn.cat http://www.bcn.es/parcsijardins/cat/parcs/pa_mapa.htm http://www.bcn.cat/estadistica/catala/dades/telec/ http://www.cityofathens.com http://www.demographia.com http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=fr&pcode=tgs00087 http://geographyfi eldwork.com/barcelona.htm http://geographyfi eldwork.com/BarcelonaPollutionManagement.htm http://www.googlemaps.com http://www.icc.cat/ http://www.icc.es/esl/Home-ICC/Inicio/Cartoteca/La-Cartoteca http://www.ne.se http://w20.bcn.cat:1100/GuiaMap//Default_en.aspx