59. “Norms of Journalistic Conduct,” Press Council of India, http://bit.ly/nB9iQ0, 2010. 60. Interview with author, August 10, 2011.
62. Interview with author, October 12, 2011. 63. Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists, http://pfuj.pk. 64. Interview with author, August 15, 2011. 65. “IFJ and Pakistan Union Release Safety Guidelines,” International Federation of Journalists, http://www.ifj.org/en/articles/ifj-and-pakistan-union-release-safety-guidelines, July 6, 2011. 66. “27 Journalists Killed in India since 1992/Motive Confirmed,” Committee to Protect Journalists, http://www.cpj.org/killed/asia/india. 67. “Pakistan’s First Code of Ethics for Reporting Local Elections,” Intermedia.org.pk, http:// www.intermedia.org.pk/details.php?id=ethics_for_reporting_local_elections.
CIMA Research Report: Media Codes of Ethics
61. “International Media Ethics Day to Be Celebrated in Pakistan,” Press Release, Center for International Media Ethics, www.cimethics.org/en/docs/PressRelease_Mishal&CIME.doc, August 2011. In Pakistan, broadcast media are regulated by the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, created in 2002 by presidential decree. The president appoints the authority’s members.Since its establishment, PEMRA has engaged in media censorship, shutting down broadcast outlets, according to UNESCO.Nonetheless, since 2002, when the government opened the channels to more than one outlet, another mandate given to PEMRA, there has been an explosion of broadcast media. The media are “still far behind in the implementation of a media ethics protocol,” writes Melisande Middleton, co-founder of the Center for International Media Ethics. “Special interests and above all sensationalism continue to compromise objectivity…”
68. “Singapore Code: Journalists’ Code of Professional Conduct,” Donald W. Reynolds Journalism Institute, http://www.rjionline.org/MAS-Codes-Singapore-Journalists. 69. Interview with author, September 12, 2011. 70. By Kevin Lim, “Murdoch Gives Singapore Top Marks for Ministers’ High Pay,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/20/us-murdoch-singapore-idUSTRE76J0X320110720, July 20, 2011. 71. Freedom of the Press 2011, Freedom House, http://www.freedomhouse.org/images/File/ fop/2011/FOTP2011GlobalRegionalTables.pdf.
Center for International Media Assistance
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