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C O N T E N T S
Canada’s Horse Industry At Your Fingertips
2016
A SPECIAL ISSUE OF
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FEATURES
12
Sable Island Horses and Drug-Resistant Bacteria
The isolated herd is helping researchers study acquired antimicrobial resistance.
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Stem Cells Could Speed Equine Healing
Researchers are studying the potential use of stem cells on wound healing in horses.
Photo: ©Thinkstockphoto/Svetlana Markelova
HORSE HEALTH
16 An Inside Look at Equine Cloning
INSIDE 10 Editor’s Desk 70 How To Horsekeeping
22 The Legal Side of Horse Auctions
101 Canadian Therapeutic
HORSE INDUSTRY
Step-by-step instructions for tasks every horse person should know how to tackle
Why are horses cloned, how is it done, and is cloning coming of age?
Riding Association News
A look at the risks and rewards of buying at an auction
Looking back, looking forward
102 Index to Advertisers
76 Schleese Saddlery Service and Dedicated to improving the comfort and well-being of horse and rider
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Herbs for Horses
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Strathcona Ventures
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Saddlefit 4 Life®
Driven by purity, research and passion
Committed to quality products for the equine and livestock industries
Photo courtesy of Janilyn Kooy
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CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY
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C O N T E N T S
2016
Canada’s Horse Industry At Your Fingertips A SPECIAL ISSUE OF
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SPECIAL FEATURES
PRODUCTS & SERVICES
28 Riding Beneath the
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Northern Lights
From ancient fossils to today’s horses of Yukon and their people
The Marketplace
Your comprehensive source for products, services, breeds, stallions, and more.
93, 95, 97, 99, 100
40 Heritage Ranches
©Shutterstock/Perry Correll
Photo courtesy of Lucasia Ranch
Photo: Captain Tucker/Wikimedia Commons
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New & Noteworthy Products & Reviews
of Canada
Tradition and history interwoven in the folklore of explorers, fur traders, gold seekers and settlers.
A collection of products available in Canada from horse industry businesses.
56 A Carriage Ride
©Canstockphoto/Anakondasp
Through History
From pony cart to coronation coach, the colourful story of the horse-drawn vehicle.
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
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H E A LT H
RESEARCH
Sable Island Horses and
DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA By Mary Timonin
PHOTO COURTESY OF THE NOVA SCOTIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
C
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
ould bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs routinely used in both human and veterinary medicine be found in wild horses on a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean? By answering this question, Dr. Joe Rubin and members of his research team at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) hope to gain a better understanding of how bacteria carrying acquired resistance genes are passed between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife species. Their research has two major players: the horses living on Sable Island and the “bugs” — specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli) that these horses carry in their guts. Sable Island, located 160 kilometres off Canada’s Atlantic coast, is home to a population of over 500 feral horses – one of only a handful of wild horse populations in the world. The herd is descended from horses brought to the island in the late 1700s and has been protected by law from human interference since the 1960s.
Sable Island’s herd of over 500 feral horses, one of only a handful of wild horse populations in the world, is providing an opportunity for researchers to study acquired antimicrobial resistance.
HORSE INDUSTRY
An Inside Look at
CLONING 16
Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
PHOTO: ©THINKSTOCKPHOTO/SVETLANA MARKELOVA
A
PHOTO COURTESY OF VIAGEN
By Margaret Evans
On September 15, 2008, the French genetic bank, Cryozootech, announced the birth of the colt Gemini, a clone of the Thoroughbred gelding, Gem Twist, regarded as one of the best show jumpers in history. In 2012, the first foal of Gemini was born.
recent poll on the Canadian Horse Journal website asked the question: Should equines be cloned? Some 83 percent of respondents said no, not until more research has been done; 16 percent said maybe, in special situations with strict parameters; just two percent said yes and that clones should be allowed to be registered. Once the darling concept of science fiction writers, cloning trotted onto the world stage on February 22, 1997 when it was announced that Dolly the sheep, a ewe cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, had been born on July 5, 1996. Dolly was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She lived at the Institute until her death in 2003. Dolly kicked the scientific barn doors down to open the way for all manner of cloned mammals. Along came “twins” of cats, rats, deer, cattle, fruit flies, rabbits, and others. Then, on May 4, 2003, the first equine and first mule, Idaho Gem, was born at the University of Idaho. He was quickly followed by two cloned “siblings,” Utah Pioneer born on June 9, and Idaho Star born on July 27. Idaho Gem came along just a couple of weeks before the birth of the first cloned horse, Prometea, a Haflinger foal born May 28, 2003, at the Laboratory of Reproductive Technology, Cremona, Italy. The first cloned horse in North America, Paris Texas, was produced by Texas A&M University in 2005. In 2006, the premier barrel racing gelding, Scamper, was cloned and his “twin” stallion became the first cloned horse to stand at stud in the US In 2010, a Criollo horse was born in Argentina, the first horse clone produced in South America. But what really is cloning, and is the cloned horse literally identical to the original animal? “We take advantage of two things,” explains Dr. Katrin Hinrichs, professor and Patsy Link Chair in mare reproductive studies at the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. “One, the nucleus of every cell in the body has the same DNA which codes for how to produce the entire animal. Two, the oocyte (egg) is ready to make an embryo, packed full of everything that will be needed for that embryo for the first three to four days of development. The basic procedure is just a variation on what happens normally at fertilization. Normally, the egg has half of a complement of DNA and the sperm enters the egg and brings in the other half of the needed DNA. Then, with a complete set of DNA, the egg starts to develop into an embryo. In cloning, we remove the DNA from the egg then introduce a cell [from the donor horse] that carries a full complement of DNA. Then we signal the egg to start to develop into an embryo.” Hinrichs explains that, while there are no changes to the genetics (DNA) of the cloned horse, the genes in the clone could be used differently – turned on more, or less, than they were in the original. Therefore, to a varying extent, the clone will differ somewhat from the original. CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY
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HORSE INDUSTRY
The RISKS and REWARDS of
By Karen Weslowski Miller Thomson, LLP, Vancouver, BC
PHOTO: ©THINKSTOCKPHOTO/MATTHEW LLOYD
Buying at an Auction
In general, the legal maxim Caveat emptor or “let the buyer beware” applies to any kind of horse purchase and sale.
B
uying a horse is an important decision that usually involves careful planning, consideration, and research. Buying a horse at an auction can remove or reduce the ability to exercise due diligence in the buying process. “Deals” and good quality horses can be found at auctions; however, when attending an auction, buyers may be overcome with excitement for what appears to be a great bargain or sympathy for an obviously mistreated horse, and make a purchase they later regret. While there is nothing wrong with wanting to score a deal or rescue a horse,
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
auction buyers should be aware of the legal obligations imposed upon buyers, consignors, and auction houses so they can protect their legal rights and, to the greatest extent possible, make informed decisions.
Know the Type of Auction You Are Attending
There may be a considerable difference between the local monthly auction and premium sport horse import auctions or major breed auctions. The latter types of auctions tend to provide detailed sales programs containing extensive descriptions and photographs of
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
the horses offered for sale, including their pedigrees and show records. Potential bidders may also be provided with an opportunity to ride the horses prior to the auction. In some instances, these auctions may have also pre-screened the horses for health and soundness, in which case there may be vet check results available for review as well. Armed with this additional information, buyers at these types of auctions may bid more confidently. Buyers at local auctions will often receive little to no advance information about the horses offered for sale. Horses at these auctions are generally presented “as
is” and there is no opportunity to ride or examine the horses beforehand. In these circumstances, it is difficult to perform any due diligence to verify the horse’s soundness or suitability. With either type of auction, it is best for buyers to be armed with a good amount of skepticism; if the deal sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Auctions may be the last resort for owners unable to sell their horse themselves, or horses that have failed prepurchase vet examinations. Auctions can be used by owners as an attempt to unload an unsound horse on an unsuspecting buyer.
Buyer Beware
For instance, if the buyer asks whether the horse cribs, the seller must answer that question honestly to the best of their knowledge. The difficulty with auctions is that buyers are generally not provided with an opportunity to ask questions of the consignor, which would give rise to a legal disclosure obligation upon the consignor.
Read the Auction Contract Once the buyer’s bid has been accepted, a legally binding contract is created. The terms and conditions in the auction contract may vary from auction to auction, but most
contain the following terms: • Title passes to the buyer at the fall of the hammer, at which time the buyer assumes all risk and responsibility. • All successful bidders must sign an acknowledgement of purchase. • A buyer who fails to sign an acknowledgement of purchase or to pay the purchase price is in default and an action shall be commenced against the person for the amount owing plus legal costs. • The auctioneer may detain or repossess any horse for which payment is not properly made and may sell the horse at a
The legal maxim of caveat emptor or “let the buyer beware” generally applies to any kind of horse purchase and sale. The seller has a relatively limited duty to disclose information about the horse. As well, unlike many big ticket items, horses usually do not come with money-back guarantees or a return policy. As such, the onus is on the purchaser to fully research the horse before buying it. Part of a buyer’s research process may include asking the seller lots of specific and direct questions. In those circumstances, the seller has an obligation to fully and honestly disclose information to the buyer.
PHOTO: ©CANSTOCKPHOTO/RTBILDER
An auctioneer’s claims that a horse is suitable for any rider is a subjective description and open to interpretation. If the horse proves otherwise, the purchaser would have to prove that the auction house and the seller were aware of a trait that prohibited the horse from being so described.
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RIDING
Beneath the Northern Lights By Margaret Evans
The Yukon experience: “A friend and I would ride on full moon nights and sometimes see the northern lights — very beautiful,” says Janilyn Kooy. 28
Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
Illustration by George Teichmann, courtesy of Government of Yukon
An artist’s interpretation of Beringia with the Yukon horse (Equus lambei ) in a Beringia landscape 11,000 years ago.
The land is wide, gently rolling, and breathtaking. Distant mountains are white with glaciers, and form a rain shadow, making the grassland steppe extremely dry. In spite of this, the land is fertile and rich with vegetation. A gentle, dusty wind picks up, lifting the grasses, tundra flowers, herbs, sedges, mosses, lichen, shrub willows and birch in a whispering wave. The windborne loess, silky dust from boulders ground up by the glaciers and common throughout this unique northern world, is mixed with fine volcanic ash and will lay down the fertile soil for next year’s plant growth. The horse stares. In the distance his herd grazes with mammoths, steppe bison, caribou, Dall sheep and camels. All are alert for the dangers from wolves, scimitar cats or short-faced bears. For so many years, the old stallion has followed the well-worn paths. But in this strange grassland world beset with violent storms, the trails are dissolving into spongy, destabilizing permafrost.
It would be some 700,000 years before Duane Froese, an earth sciences professor with the University of Alberta in Edmonton, and his team excavated a metapodial (cannon) horse bone from permafrost in the Thistle Creek gold mine in west-central Yukon in 2003. The team was hunting fossils embedded in permafrost while gathering data on the sediments that preserved them. Many other horse fossils found in Yukon had been ponysized but Froese and his team knew this find had come from a larger horse. What was exciting was that the fossil was from a time associated with Gold Run volcanic ash dating from some 735,000 years ago. The horse had lived in the vast grassland region of Beringia that linked Yukon and Alaska with Siberia and
Skull of 700,000-year-old horse found in permafrost in Thistle Creek Gold Mine in Yukon in 2003.
CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY
Photo: Duane Froese, University of Alberta, Edmonton
Photo courtesy of Janilyn Kooy
The stallion lies down to rest, folding his legs supportively beneath him. He feels the wear and tear as his bones creak with age. But in those bones lies the secret of his entire ancestry.
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at HOME
on the RANGE
Cattle ranching in Canada has a long and fascinating history. This historic photo is titled “Branding Calves on the Cattle Ranches near Kamloops, BC.”
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
Photo courtesy of Lucasia Ranch
Branding at Lucasia Ranch.
CANADA’S RANCHING HERITAGE By Margaret Evans
Canada’s cattle industry began long ago and far away, its tradition and history interwoven in the stories and folklore of explorers, fur traders, gold seekers and settlers. For millennia, the vast region of western Canada was a land of pure, rich wilderness. Aboriginal tribes were hunter/gatherers and expert fishers whose environment defined their culture. Wildlife, especially fur-bearing species, was varied and hugely abundant. Then, one misty February day in 1778, Captain James Cook on HMS Resolution dropped anchor off what would be the central Oregon coast. His men went ashore, met the locals and purchased
Photo: Norman Mackenzie
Photo: Tourism Kamloops and Kamloops Museum
beaver pelts and other furs. The transaction changed a way of life.
ABOVE: Established as the North West Cattle Company in 1882, the Bar U Ranch saw many colourful characters over the years including Harry Loungbaugh, aka The Sundance Kid, who worked at the ranch in the early 1890s. Today, the Bar U Ranch, the longest lasting and most successful of the first four founding corporate ranches in southern Alberta, is a National Historic Site run by Parks Canada. CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY
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Photo: Captain Tucker/Wikimedia Commons
A Carriage Ride Through History
By Margaret Evans
From pony cart to coronation coach, few vehicles have had such a colourful history as the horse-drawn carriage. Ever since the wheel was first invented around 3,500 BC in Mesopotamia as a wooden disc with a hole in the middle for some form of axle, creative Sumarian minds were buzzing. They were, after all, already planting crops, herding animals, and had a pretty impressive social order. But getting the wheel contraption right took a bit of creative genius. The holes in the centre of
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
the disc and at the ends of the axle had to be perfectly smooth and round in order for the wheel to fit and turn. Otherwise, too much friction would cause breakage. The wheel for transportation actually followed the invention of the potter’s wheel. But those Bronze Age inventors wasted little time connecting the dots and figuring out that if you put a box on top of the axle, you’d
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
have a cart. It you hitched a horse to the front end, you’d have an animal to pull it, which would save doing it yourself. With the domestication of the horse almost 6,000 years ago, a marriage between the cart and the horse was inevitable, eventually transforming a civilization. On the Sumerian Battle Standard of Ur is the depiction of an onager-drawn cart from 2,500 BC.
Photo: Steve F-E-Cameron/Wikimedia Commons
Photo: David Crochet/Wikimedia Commons Photo: David Crochet/Wikimedia Commons
The earliest form of a “carriage” (from Old Northern French meaning to carry in a vehicle) was the chariot in Mesopotamia around 3,000 BC. It was nothing more than a two-wheeled basin for a couple of people and pulled by one or two horses. It was light and quick and the favoured vehicle for warfare with Egyptians. Carriages in a myriad of formats quickly
became the defining form of transport. And with them came their own dictionary of terms. A carriage is sometimes called a team. A carriage and horse is a rig. A carriage with horses, harness, and attendants is a turnout. A procession of carriages is a cavalcade. Then there’s the coachman (driver), footman (who cleared the path in front), a carriage starter (directing the flow of carriage traffic at
ABOVE: The Gold State Coach (Coronation Coach) gilded and painted by Italian painter and engraver, Giovanni Battista Cipriani, in 1762. FACING PAGE: An original Concord Stagecoach on display at the Wells Fargo History Museum in Old Town San Diego State Historic Park.
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How To HorseKeeping Have you ever wondered how to bandage the tricky parts of your horse, such as his knees, hocks, forearm, and gaskin? Not sure how to transition your horse’s feed to avoid causing digestive troubles? Love dashing through the snow with your horse, but need to know how to keep him from catching a chill afterwards? Then read on…the step-by-step instructions in our collection of How To articles will help you perform these basic horsekeeping tasks with confidence and ease.
How to Apply Bandages • Providing warmth and support to stiff or sore tendons and ligaments • Preventing or reducing swelling after exercise or during stall rest • Protecting legs from injury during exercise or trailering • Covering wounds to prevent contamination and facilitate healing
Different occasions call for different types of bandages, but all equine leg bandages can be dangerous if applied incorrectly. In many cases it is preferable to leave a horse’s leg unwrapped altogether rather than bandage it improperly.
STANDING BANDAGES
PHOTO: PAM MACKENZIE
Every horse owner should possess at least a basic understanding of the proper techniques for bandaging a horse’s legs. There are a number of situations in which leg bandages may be necessary or advisable. Some of the most common reasons for bandaging a horse’s legs include:
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
The main function of standing bandages (also called stable or stall bandages) is to provide protection, mild support, and warmth to the tendons and ligaments in the horse’s lower leg. Frequently used to help prevent edema or “stocking up” caused by inactivity and often following strenuous exercise, these general purpose bandages can also be used to cover the leg after applying a wound dressing, poultice, liniment, or other topical. Standing bandages consist of an inner layer of padding material – usually no-bow, quilted, or pillow wraps, although roll, sheet, or combine cotton are also suitable – over which commercial standing (or stable) bandages made of stretchy cotton or polyester knit with Velcro® fasteners are applied. When applied correctly, a standing bandage should cover the horse’s lower leg from just below the knee or hock down to the bottom of the fetlock. If you apply a standing bandage to one leg, you should also wrap the opposite leg. Standing bandages are typically worn for about 12 hours at a time and should never be left on for longer than 24 hours without being removed and re-wrapped.
WOUND BANDAGES Wound bandages facilitate healing by keeping wounds clean to minimize the risk of infection, protecting the area from
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APPLYING A STANDING BANDAGE Place the starting edge of the wrap at the inside front of the cannon bone and unroll the wrap around the leg, checking as you go to ensure the fabric remains smooth, flat, and wrinkle-free. Tuck the starting edge of the bandage under the end of the wrap across the front of the cannon bone.
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Wrap the bandage around the leg once to “lock” the end in place and then continue wrapping down the leg in a spiral pattern, with each wrap of the bandage overlapping the preceding layer by about 50 percent. Try to maintain an even tension on the bandage as you wrap and check after every turn around the leg to make sure the bandage, and the padding beneath the bandage, is lying smooth and flat against the leg.
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Circle the fetlock once, leaving an inch of wrap showing below the bandage, and then spiral back up the leg to the top.
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End the bandage at the outside front of the leg just below the start of the knee or hock, leaving an inch of wrap showing above the bandage, and fasten the Velcro closure. Run your hands over the entire bandage to make sure it is uniformly snug, smooth, and solid from top to bottom, without any wrinkles, ridges, or slack. If bandaging the front legs, insert two fingers under the bandage behind the knee to make sure there is no pressure on the joint.
PHOTOS: ROBIN DUNCAN PHOTOGRAPHY
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A working ranch in Manitoba’s Assiniboine Valley
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Box 1209, Russell, Manitoba R0J 1W0 (204)773-2711 • trinder@xplornet.ca
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HORSE INDUSTRY
Herbs for Horses
Driven by Purity, Research and Passion
“I may not know your horse but I appreciate it as I do my own,” says Ralph Robinson, owner of Herbs for Horses.
Like many successful companies offering innovative products, Herbs for Horses started in a serendipitous moment. “My two daughters were on the hunter circuit and I would drive them everywhere, then sit and read the financial news whilst they trained or competed,” says Ralph Robinson, president of Selected BioProducts based in Guelph,
Does your horse suffer from heaves, more clinically known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Is his mobility affected because of osteoarthritis? What about problems with cartilage inflammation? Does your mare, gelding, or stallion exhibit irritability, anxiety or stress due to a hormone imbalance? Sound objective science
drives the production of exceptional products. At Selected BioProducts Inc., which produces a wide range of herbal products for horses under its Herbs for Horses line, they pride themselves on a wide range of top notch, thoroughly researched herbal products that will address everything from pain relief and joint care to weight management, lung care, or general health balancing.
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CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
Ontario. “I was paying for a lot of stuff, got bored, and started reading labels. Eureka moment! I had spent three years working in nutritional research for the Chairman of Nutrition at the University of Guelph. I said [to my daughter], ‘Samantha, this stuff is crap. I could make better in our bathtub!’ Sam replied, ‘Yea, right dad.’ You know that putdown voice that teenagers have with ‘old’ people? So I
PHOTO COURTESY OF HERBS FOR HORSES
By Margaret Evans
HYALcarePLUS is for care and management of osteoarthritic cartilage. Herbs for Horses offers a professional line of all natural, all Canadian-made ISO 22000 Global Food Safety certified feed supplements for horses and canines, based on research done at the University of Guelph in Ontario. Here is a collection of some of their many products:
thought: I’ll show you, you cheeky little monkey. The next day I bought a new cement mixer (like a giant kitchen blender), sat down with a friend [who is] a professor of veterinary medicine, and designed the first research project (Mobility) for which we received a US patent. It wasn’t six months before the mixer was too small so we purchased a $20,000 stainless steel Ribbon blender that holds 500 kg of herbs.” Robinson’s background is in nutrition, animal health, and research. During his university years, his best subject was biological chemistry. For his thesis at the Lincolnshire College of Agriculture he worked with herbs and spices to improve the carcass taste and improve health and growth. Herbs and spices, he says, are antibacterial; therefore no drugs are required. “Herbs are the ancestors to modern-day drugs,” says Dr. Wendy Pearson with Nutraceutical Alliance in Campbellville, Ontario, and who has worked with Herbs for Horses for 20 years. “They are a vast reservoir for bioactive material and have the potential to play an important role in an integrative equine health and wellness program.” Pearson’s relationship with Herbs for Horses has involved laboratory testing of their products during the product development cycle. “On an ongoing basis, I offer advice on new products as needed, prepare scientific review documents for medicinal plants
of interest, and continue to provide oversight on their food safety program that is audited and renewed every spring.” Robinson is dedicated to improving the health of horses rather, he says, than making money. “We’ve always put more value and quality into every product,” he says. “But I can ID for you products with 93 percent filler! It’s the world we live in now where greed rules.” Pearson says that contamination of herbal products with biological, chemical, or physical contaminants is a very real concern. “There are many documented cases of contaminants appearing in herbal products that are not
HoofMASTER hoof growth formula is low glycemic and safe for horses with Cushings disease.
LiverCLEANSE helps repair pharmacological damage and flush toxic residues.
PULMONaire spirulina blend antioxidant suppresses over-active immune responses to allergies and has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.
“I was paying for a lot of stuff, got bored, and started reading labels. Eureka moment!”
SIMMIRdown insulin resistance formula to help improve glucose utilization and prevent laminitic episodes.
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CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS TIMBER FRAME BARNS • SHELTERS • HOMES • SHOPS • ARENAS
www.barnbrothers.ca
building@barnbrothers.ca • 778-899-1050
Associations ALBERTA EQUESTRIAN FEDERATION 2 Locations to Serve You! 7669 Evans Road
Chilliwack, BC
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Armstrong, BC 250-546-9174
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Riding Arenas
Suite 100, 251 Midpark Blvd SE Calgary, AB, T2X 1S3 www.albertaequestrian.com info@albertaequestrian.com Fax: 403-252-5260 Phone: 403-253-4411 1-877-463-6233
EQUINE ASSOCIATION OF YUKON PO Box 30011 Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 5M2 www.equineyukon.weebly.com equineyukon@gmail.com
EQUINE CANADA
308 Legget Drive, Suite 100 Ottawa, ON, K2K 1Y6 www.equinecanada.ca inquiries@equinecanada.ca Fax: 613-248-3484 Phone: 613-287-1515 1-866-282-8395
FÉDÉRATION ÉQUESTRE DU QUÉBEC 587.230.1970 • www.ironwood.ca
4545, av. Pierre-De Coubertin Montréal, QC, H1V 0B2 www.feq.qc.ca infocheval@feq.qc.ca Fax: 514-252-3068 Phone: 514-252-3053 1-866-575-0515
HORSE COUNCIL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 27336 Fraser Hwy. Aldergrove, BC, V4W 3N5 www.hcbc.ca reception@hcbc.ca Fax: 604-856-4302 Phone: 604-856-4304 1-800-345-8055
MANITOBA HORSE COUNCIL
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Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016
NEW BRUNSWICK EQUESTRIAN ASSOCIATION 900 Hanwell Road, Unit 13 Fredericton, NB, E3B 6A2 www.nbea.ca horses@nbnet.nb.ca Fax: 506-454-2363 Phone: 506-454-2353
NEWFOUNDLAND EQUESTRIAN ASSOCIATION PO Box 372, Station C St. John’s, NL, A1C 5J9 www.equestriannl.ca kathielane@gmail.com 709-489-6166
NOVA SCOTIA EQUESTRIAN FEDERATION
5516 Spring Garden Road Halifax, NS, B3J 1G6 www.horsenovascotia.ca nsefmembership@sportnovascotia.ca Fax: 902-425-5606 Phone: 902-425-5450
ONTARIO EQUESTRIAN FEDERATION 1 West Pearce Street, Suite 201 Richmond Hill, ON, L4B 3K3 www.horse.on.ca horse@horse.on.ca Fax: 905-709-1867 Phone: 905-709-6545 1-877-441-7112
PEI HORSE COUNCIL
40 Enman Crescent, Charlottetown, PE, C1E 1E6 www.islandhorsecouncil.ca gevans@upei.ca
SASKATCHEWAN HORSE FEDERATION
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