Fogazzaro - Andric', libri dai libri

Page 1

0RVWUD LQWHUQD]LRQDOH GL OLEUL GҋDUWLVWD )RJD]]DUR $QGULþ OLEUL GDL OLEUL


FRQ LO SDWURFLQLR GL

PRVWUD SURPRVVD GD

5HJLRQH GHO 9HQHWR

&RPXQH GL 6FKLR

3URYLQFLD GL 9LFHQ]D

3DOD]]R )RJD]]DUR

$PEDVFLDWD GHOOD 5HSXEEOLFD GL 6HUELD

FRQ OD FROODERUD]LRQH GL 6FXROD GL 6FLHQ]D HG $UWH GHOOD /HJDWXUD GL 9LFHQ]D

3URJHWWR D FXUD GL 9DOHULD %HUWHVLQD 6HJUHWHULD RUJDQL]]DWLYD /LDQD )HUUHWWL 8IÀFLR (YHQWL GHO &RPXQH GL 6FKLR *UDÀFD H LPSDJLQD]LRQH FDWDORJR GL 'DQLHOD 7DPEXULQL )RWRJUDÀH GL 0DUWLQD )LJROL $VVLVWHQWH GL )RWRJUDÀD 0LFKHOH %UHVROLQ 6L ULQJUD]LDQR WXWWL FRORUR FKH KDQQR FROODERUDWR DOOÒ‹RUJDQL]]D]LRQH GHOOD PRVWUD H DOOD UHDOL]]D]LRQH GHO FDWDORJR LQ SDUWLFRODUH SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OD SDUWHFLSD]LRQH VHUED æHOMND 0LþDQRYLþ 0LOMNRYLþ 'DQLFD -RYRYLþ 3URGDQRYLþ GLUHWWRUH GHO 0XVHR GHOOD &LWWj GL %HOJUDGR H 0DULD 0D]]D GLUHWWRUH GHOOÒ‹,VWLWXWR ,WDOLDQR GL &XOWXUD GL %HOJUDGR


0RVWUD LQWHUQD]LRQDOH GL OLEUL GÒ‹DUWLVWD )RJD]]DUR $QGULþ OLEUL GDL OLEUL

3DOD]]R )RJD]]DUR 6FKLR 9,

DSULOH PDJJLR 2UDULR GL DSHUWXUD 9HQHUGu 6DEDWR H GRPHQLFD ,QJUHVVR OLEHUR


1RQ Fҋq YDVFHOOR FKH XJXDJOL XQ OLEUR SHU SRUWDUFL LQ WHUUH ORQWDQH Qp &RUVLHUL FKH HJXDJOLQR XQD 3DJLQD GL VFDOSLWDQWH 3RHVLD Ë XQ YLDJJLR FKH DQFKH LO SL SRYHUR SXz IDUH VHQ]D SDXUD GL SHGDJJLR WDQWR IUXJDOH q LO FDUUR FKH SRUWD OҋDQLPD DOOҋXRPR (PLO\ 'LFNLQVRQ


5HQGHUH RPDJJLR DG $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR QHO FHQWHQDULR GHOOD VXD PRUWH QHO SDOD]]R FKH IX UHVLGHQ]D GHOOD VXD IDPLJOLD H FKH DQFRUD RJJL QH SRUWD LO QRPH QRQ q GL SHU Vp QXOOD SL GHO GRYXWR 'LFLDPROR TXHOOR FKH UHVWDYD GD IDUH HUD VFHJOLHUH LO PRGR $YUHPPR SRWXWR UDFFRJOLHUH H PHWWHUH LQ PRVWUD GHL GRFXPHQWL GHOOH VWDPSH PDWHULDOL GҋDUFKLYLR H PROWR DOWUR DQFRUD 2SSXUH DYUHPPR SRWXWR RUJDQL]]DUH XQD FRQIHUHQ]D SHU UDFFRQWDUH LO SLFFROR PRQGR DQWLFR GL $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR 4XHOOR FKH VL q VFHOWR GL IDUH q LQYHFH TXDOFRVD GL GLYHUVR 6L q VFHOWR GL FHUFDUH XQD VWUDGD QXRYD FKH DQGDVVH ROWUH LO VHPSOLFH ULFRUGR &RVu q QDWD OD PRVWUD LQWHUQD]LRQDOH GHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD FKH XQLVFH QHOOR VWHVVR RPDJJLR $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR H ,YR $QGULþ D FLQTXDQWҋDQQL GL GLVWDQ]D GDO FRQIHULPHQWR GHO 3UHPLR 1REHO D TXHVWҋXOWLPR 1HOOH VDOH GL XQ 3DOD]]R )RJD]]DUR FKH VL SUHSDUD D GLYHQWDUH D WXWWL JOL HIIHWWL OD VHGH GL XQҋHVSRVL]LRQH SHUPDQHQWH L YLVLWDWRUL SRWUDQQR FRVu YLYHUH XQ RPDJJLR D TXHVWL GXH VFULWWRUL PHVVL XQR DO ÀDQFR GHOOҋDOWUR QRQ VROR SHU XQD FRPXQH ULFRUUHQ]D $G DYYLFLQDUOL H IDUOL SDUWH GL XQ HYHQWR XQLFR q LQIDWWL LO ODYRUR GL DUWLVWL FKH GD ORUR H GDL ORUR WHVWL VRQR SDUWLWL SHU FUHDUH OH RSHUH HVSRVWH /LEUL GҋDUWLVWD /LEUL GD OLEUL FRPH UHFLWD LO WLWROR GHOOD PRVWUD 8QD PRVWUD FKH FL ULSHWH DQFRUD XQD YROWD FKH QHVVXQD RSHUD GҋDUWH q XQҋLVROD FKH QHVVXQD RSHUD GҋDUWH EDVWD D VH VWHVVD 2JQL RSHUD SURYRFD LQÁXHQ]D H D VXR PRGR FUHD QXRYD DUWH ( FUHD DQFKH QXRYL UDSSRUWL H OHJDPL FRPH VXFFHVVR SHU TXHVWD LQL]LDWLYD FKH q FRQGRWWD LQ FROODERUD]LRQH FRQ LO 0XVHR ,YR $QGULþ H Oҋ,VWLWXWR ,WDOLDQR GL &XOWXUD D %HOJUDGR H FKH YHUUj SHU TXHVWR SURSRVWD QHOOD FDSLWDOH VHUED 8Q JUD]LH D QRPH GHOOD &LWWj GL 6FKLR YD TXLQGL DL WDQWL HQWL H VLQJROL FKH KDQQR FUHGXWR LQ TXHVWR SURJHWWR WUDVIRUPDQGROR LQ UHDOWj 3LW )RUPHQWR $VVHVVRUH DOOD &XOWXUD GHO &RPXQH GL 6FKLR


/LEUL GDL OLEUL ( VHJQL GDL VHJQL FRORUL GDO SHQVLHUR LPPDJLQL GDOOH SDUROH 1DUUD]LRQL GL FRORUH Ë TXHVWR OD PRVWUD LQWHUQD]LRQDOH GHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD FKH XQLVFH GXH QD]LRQL QHOOҋRPDJJLR D XQ ORUR VLJQLÀFDWLYR DXWRUH ,O FHQWHQDULR GHOOD PRUWH GL $QWRQLR )RJD]]DWR H OҋLPPLQHQ]D GHO FLQTXDQWHQDULR GHO SUHPLR QREHO DVVHJQDWR D ,YR $QGULþ RIIURQR OҋRFFDVLRQH SHU XQ GXSOLFH VJXDUGR ULÁHVVLYR H FUHDWLYR YROWR VLD DOOH QRVWUH VSDOOH FKH DO IXWXUR *OL VFULWWRUL VDQQR UDSSUHVHQWDUH XQD WHUUD H OD VXD JHQWH LO VXR VSLULWR PHJOLR GL PLOOH GRFXPHQWL H GD VHPSUH JOL DUWLVWL GLDORJDQR FRQ ORUR 3RFR LPSRUWD VH LO WHPSR KD ULGLPHQVLRQDWR OD IRUWXQD H OD VWDWXUD GHOOҋDXWRUH YLFHQWLQR DPDWR H GL VXFFHVVR FRPH SRFKL DOWUL QHOOҋ,WDOLD WUD 2WWR H 1RYHFHQWR /HJJHQGROR R ULOHJJHQGROR IDFFLDPR IRUVH IDWLFD D ULFRQRVFHUH QHO VXR SLFFROR PRQGR LO QRVWUR 4XDQWR VLDPR GLVWDQWL GDJOL DWWRUL LQ PRYLPHQWR LQ TXHOOҋDQJROR GL /RPEDUGR 9HQHWR SHULIHULFR PD LQ IHUPHQWR GLYLVR WUD SDWULRWL H ÀOR DXVWULDFL DULVWRFUDWLFL H FRQWDGLQL LPPRELOLVPR H VSLQWH ULYROX]LRQDULH" &RPH VL q WUDVIRUPDWR TXHO FDWWROLFHVLPR IHUYLGR H WRUELGR H WDOYROWD ODFHUDQWH QHOOH WHUUH GL QRUGHVW" ( TXDQWR GHL %DOFDQL GL $QGULþ IDWDOH H OHJJHQGDULR LQFRQWUR GL RULHQWH H RFFLGHQWH VRSUDYYLYH QHOOD WHUUD PDUWRULDWD GDOOҋRGLR HWQLFR FKH QHJOL DQQL 1RYDQWD KD IDWWR VDOWDUH LQ DULD OD -XJRVODYLD" 1DVFHQGR LQ %RVQLD VWXGLDQGR LQ &URD]LD H ÀQHQGR OD SURSULD YLWD D %HOJUDGR $QGULþ LQFDUQD FRQ OD VXD YLWD QRQ PHQR FKH FRQ OD VXD RSHUD LO YDORUH XQLÀFDQWH GHOOD FXOWXUD H GHOOҋDUWH ´2JQL XRPR KD OD SURSULD WHUUD GRYH VRVWLHQH OҋHVDPH GHOOD VXD YLWD 1RQ FRQWD VH VL FKLDPL 7UDYQLN 5RPD 3DULJL R ,QVWDQEXO 6H XQR VFULWWRUH ULHVFH D WUDUUH GDOOD VXD UHJLRQH XQ VLJQLÀFDWR SL ODUJR VLJQLÀFD FKH q ULXVFLWR QHOOD VXD DUWHµ HEEH D GLUH XQD YROWD


2JJL DUWLVWL LWDOLDQL VL FLPHQWDQR LQ DOWUHWWDQWL OLEUL VLQJRODUL FKH LQYLWDQR D IDUVL WRFFDUH VIRJOLDUH JXDUGDUH SLXWWRVWR FKH IDUVL OHJJHUH VRQR OD FRQFUHWL]]D]LRQH GL XQҋLVSLUD]LRQH FKH KD SUHVR OH PRVVH GD XQ URPDQ]R XQ FDSLWROR XQD FLWD]LRQH IRJD]]DULDQD VRQR GLDORJKL D GLVWDQ]D VLOHQ]LRVL FRPH TXHOOR WUD OD PDUFKHVD H GRQ *LXVHSSH LQ 3LFFROR PRQGR DQWLFR ´, GXH QRQ VFDPELDYDQR TXDVL SDUROD H DSSXQWR OD VROD PXVLFD SRWUHEEH GLUH LO ORUR VLOHQ]LR SLHQR GL VHQVR OH FRPXQLFD]LRQL QRQ LQFRQVFLH >VLF@ GHOOH ORUR DQLPH FRPXQLFD]LRQL GL SLHWj YLFHQGHYROH«µ 4XL q OҋDUWH DQ]LFKp OD PXVLFD FKH SURYD D GLUH TXHO VLOHQ]LR

$OWUHWWDQWL DUWLVWL VHUEL KDQQR GDWR OD IRUPD GL OLEUR DO ORUR LQFRQWUR FRQ $QGULþ , ULVXOWDWL VRQR TXDQWR PDL HWHURJHQHL OH WHFQLFKH OH SL YDULH PD WXWWH LQGLUL]]DWH D UL FUHDUH LO OLEUR FRPH HQWLWj RJJHWWXDOH H VSD]LR GHOOҋLPPDJLQDULR $VSHWWL TXHVWL FKH DYYDORUDQR OҋLQWHUHVVH H FRUURERUDQR LO IDVFLQR GHOOD PRVWUD &KH q SXUH XQ FRQIURQWR H XQ GLDORJR WUD GXH SDHVL H GXH FXOWXUH RJJL QRQ WDUGHUj OҋRFFKLR DFFRUWR DQFKH VHQ]D OHJJHUH QRPL H GLGDVFDOLH D FROORFDUH TXHVWD R TXHOOҋRSHUD L VXRL FRORUL R FKLDURVFXUL GL TXD R GL Oj GHOOҋ$GULDWLFR 3HUFKp RJJL FRPH LHUL OҋDUWLVWD DQFKH VH LQ JUDGR GL DVVRUELUH LQÁXVVL H VXJJHVWLRQL GD RJQL SDUWH GHO PRQGR QRQ SXz FKH GLUH GL Vp GHOOD VXD WHUUD GHOOD VXD JHQWH 6H SRL FL VHPEUD GL ULVSHFFKLDUFL QHOOҋDOWURYH GL LQWUDYHGHUH OD QRVWUD RPEUD LQ XQ IUXVFLDU GL SDJLQD QHOOҋDVWUD]LRQH GL XQ PRQRWLSR LQ XQ LQFLVLRQH FKH FL JUDIÀD OD SHOOH DOORUD IRUVH QH DYUHPR WURYDWR XQR FKH FL LQYLWD SURSULR QRL D IDUH XQ SH]]R GL VWUDGD LQVLHPH H YDUUj OD SHQD QRQ GLVWRJOLHUH OR VJXDUGR WURSSR SUHVWR SHU QRQ ODVFLDUFL VIXJJLUH TXHOOҋLPSUHVVLRQH VRWWLOH FKH QRQ GD XQ OLEUR HUD XVFLWD PD GDL UHFHVVL SL SURIRQGL GL QRL VWHVVL /ҋDPSLH]]D GHOOҋHVSRVL]LRQH q DQFKH OҋRFFDVLRQH SHU XQD ULÁHVVLRQH VXOOR VWDWR GHOOҋDUWH QHL GXH SDHVL 8QҋDUWH TXHOOD GHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD SXU SUDWLFDWD GDOOH SL JUDQGL SHUVRQDOLWj FUHDWLYH GD QRL QRQ DQFRUD FRQRVFLXWD H YDORUL]]DWD D GRYHUH 9DOHULD %HUWHVLQD &XUDWULFH GHOOD PRVWUD


, JLXELOHL H JOL DQQLYHUVDUL UDSSUHVHQWDQR VHPSUH OÒ‹RFFDVLRQH SHU PHWWHUH QXRYDPHQWH DO FHQWUR GHOOÒ‹DWWHQ]LRQH GHWHUPLQDWL DUWLVWL 1HO FHOHEUHUHPR GXH GDWH LPSRUWDQWL FRQQHVVH D GXH SHUVRQDOLWj HFFHOOHQWL GHOOD VWRULD FXOWXUDOH GHOOÒ‹,WDOLD H GHOOD 6HUELD L DQQL GHOOD PRUWH GL $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR H L DQQL GHO FRQIHULPHQWR GHO 3UHPLR 1REHO SHU OD OHWWHUDWXUD DOOR VFULWWRUH ,YR $QGULþ &RQ JUDQGH JLRLD DEELDPR DFFROWR OÒ‹LQYLWR D SUHQGHUH SDUWH DO SURJHWWR GÒ‹DUWH FKH DWWUDYHUVR L /LEUL GÒ‹$UWLVWD SHUPHWWHUj OÒ‹DFFHVVR D QXRYH FKLDYL GL OHWWXUD TXHVWD YROWD SUHYDOHQWHPHQWH YLVXDOL /D IRU]D LQGLVFXWLELOH GHOOÒ‹RSHUD OHWWHUDULD OÒ‹XQLYHUVDOLWj GHL WHPL H LO UDGLFDPHQWR SURIRQGR QHOOD PDWULFH FXOWXUDOH ORFDOH KDQQR IXQWR GD LVSLUD]LRQH SHU JOL DUWLVWL FRQWHPSRUDQHL SHU FRQGXUFL DWWUDYHUVR OH YLH VLQXRVH GHOOD ORUR SHUVRQDOH OHWWXUD GL $QGULþ H )RJD]]DUR &UHGLDPR FKH TXHVWR SURJHWWR FXOWXUDOH FRQJLXQWR FKH KD DFFRPXQDWR XQ JUDQ QXPHUR GL DUWLVWL ROWUH D FRVWLWXLUH XQ LQGLVFXWLELOH DWWR GL JRGLPHQWR HVWHWLFR QHOOR VIRJOLDUH EHL OLEUL DSULUj DQFKH XQD QXRYD SRUWD DOOD UHFLSURFD FRQRVFHQ]D TXDOH IRQGDPHQWR SHU XQD IXWXUD FROODERUD]LRQH H XQR VFDPELR GL LGHH 5LQJUD]LDPR WXWWL FRORUR FKH FRQ LO ORUR HQWXVLDVPR H LO VRVWHJQR DPLFKHYROH KDQQR ULFRQRVFLXWR OÒ‹LPSRUWDQ]D GL TXHVWR SURJHWWR UHQGHQGRQH SRVVLELOH OD UHDOL]]D]LRQH ´7XWWDYLD q FRQFHVVR FUHGR DXVSLFDUH LQÀQH FKH LO UDFFRQWR QDUUDWR GDJOL DXWRUL RGLHUQL DJOL XRPLQL GHO ORUR WHPSR VHQ]D EDGDUH DOOD VXD IRUPD H DO VXR FRQWHQXWR QRQ VLD LQWULVR GÒ‹RGLR Qp UHVR VRUGR GDO WXRQR GL DUPL PLFLGLDOL PD VLD TXDQWR SL SRVVLELOH PRVVR GDOOÒ‹DPRUH H JXLGDWR GDOOÒ‹DSHUWXUD H GDOOD JLRYLDOLWj GL XQR VSLULWR XPDQR OLEHUR 3HUFKp LO QDUUDWRUH H OD VXD RSHUD QRQ VHUYRQR D QXOOD VH LQ XQ PRGR R QHOOÒ‹DOWUR QRQ VHUYRQR DOOÒ‹XRPR H DOOÒ‹XPDQLWj 4XHVWR q TXHO FKH FRQWD ´ 'DO GLVFRUVR GL ,YR $QGULþ LQ RFFDVLRQH GHOOD FHULPRQLD GL FRQVHJQD GHO 3UHPLR 1REHO

'DQLFD -RYRYLþ 3URGDQRYLþ 'LUHWWRUH GHO 0XVHR GHOOD &LWWj GL %HOJUDGR


/ҋ,VWLWXWR ,WDOLDQR GL &XOWXUD H LO 0XVHR 0HPRULDOH ,YR $QGULF GL %HOJUDGR LQVLHPH D 3DOD]]R )RJD]]DUR GL 9LFHQ]D OD FLWWj FKH GLHGH L QDWDOL DG $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR RVSLWHUDQQR WUD DSULOH H PDJJLR QHOOH SURSULH VDOH XQD PRVWUD FKH YHGH LPSHJQDWL PROWL DUWLVWL VHUEL HG LWDOLDQL LQ XQ SURJHWWR FRPXQH FKH UDSSUHVHQWD XQ PRPHQWR VLJQLÀFDWLYR GL LQFRQWUR WUD OH QRVWUH FXOWXUH 1HOOD PRVWUD ULYLYRQR OH ÀJXUH GL ,YR $QGULF $XWRUH GDO UHVSLUR LQWHUQD]LRQDOH HSSXUH FRVu OHJDWR DOOD SURSULD WHUUD H $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR SHUVRQDOLWj GHOOҋ OHWWHUDULR LWDOLDQR LGHDOH UDSSUHVHQWDQWH GL XQҋHSRFD TXHOOD ULVRUJLPHQWDOH SDUWLFRODUPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH SHU Oҋ,WDOLD LQ TXHVWҋDQQR GL FHOHEUD]LRQL GHL GHOOҋ8QLWj GHO 3DHVH , OLEUL Gҋ$UWLVWD SUHVHQWDWL LQ PRVWUD LVSLUDWL DL GXH VFULWWRUL ULSRUWDQR DOOD FRQVDSHYROH]]D GL QRL FRQWHPSRUDQHL L YDORUL VHPSUH YLYL GL GXH JUDQGL SHUVRQDOLWj GHO QRVWUR UHFHQWH SDVVDWR ,O OLEUR Gҋ$UWH FRPH ULVXOWDWR GL XQҋHPR]LRQH ULYLYH PXWDWR LQ XQ RJJHWWR DUWLVWLFDPHQWH DXWRQRPR HSSXUH LPSUHVFLQGLELOH GDOOD VXD PDWULFH LGHDOH TXDOH SUHWHVWR SHU XQD ULÁHVVLRQH VXOOH WHPDWLFKH FKH DQLPDURQR JOL $XWRUL QHO ORUR WHPSR /D PRVWUD KD LO VHQVR GL YDORUL]]DUH DO FRQWHPSR Oҋ$UWH H OD /HWWHUDWXUD D WHVWLPRQLDQ]D FKH LO OLEUR RJJL SXz DQFRUD VSULJLRQDUH OD VXD FDULFD HPRWLYD LQWHOOHWWXDOH FXOWXUDOH QHO VHQVR SL DPSLR GHO WHUPLQH 8QR VWLPROR SHU OH QXRYH JHQHUD]LRQL FKLDPDWH D FRQIURQWDUVL FRQ XQD UHDOWj JOREDOL]]DWD PD VHQ]D SHUGHUH GL YLVWD Oҋ8RPR H L VXRL SL LQWLPL YDORUL GL FXL VLD $QGULF VLD )RJD]]DUR KDQQR UDSSUHVHQWDWR XQ DOWLVVLPR SXQWR GL DUULYR QHOOD VWRULD GHL QRVWUL 3DHVL 0DULD 0D]]D 'LUHWWRUH ,VWLWXWR ,WDOLDQR GL &XOWXUD GL %HOJUDGR


$57,67, ,7$/,$1,

$57,67, 6(5%,

9$/(5,$ %(57(6,1$

6$1-$ *5%,ý

6(5*,2 %,*2/,1

0$-$ .$7,ý

1(''$ %21,1,

$1,7$ .567,ý

$11$ %26&+,

='5$9.2 0,ý$129,ý

9$/(5,$ %5$1&$)257(

æ(/-.$ 0,ý$129,ý 0,/-.29,ý

0,57$ &$&&$52

0,/25$' %8%$1-$

9,72 &$321(

,6,'25$ 1,.2/,ý

(/(2125$ &80(5

'5$*$1$ 3$5$0(17,ý

9,7725,2 )$9$

%2æ,'$5 3/$=,1,ý

$/)2162 ),/,(5,

*5$',0,5 608ż$

3,12 *8==21$72

2/,9(5$ %$7$-,ý 65(7(129,ý

'(1,6( 0,1*$5',

1(1$' 0,/(17,-(9,ý

*,*/,2/$ 7(5(11$

-8*26/$9 9/$+29,ý

'$5,2 =(5872

=25$1$ 98.27,ý


9DOHULD %HUWHVLQD

´6H DOOD ÀQH QRQ FL YHQLVVH QHVVXQD VWHOOD Qp JUDQGH Qp SLFFROD"µ GD ´,O VDQWRµ GL $ )RJD]]DUR 3LWWXUD PRQRWLSR OHJDWXUD FRSWD FRSHUWLQD LQ FDUWRQFLQR SUHVVDWR GLSLQWR

$UWLVWD H LQVHJQDQWH GL OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD ODYRUD LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR 'RSR XQ SHUFRUVR GL IRUPD]LRQH DUWLVWLFD /LFHR $UWLVWLFR 8QLYHUVLWj ,QWHUQD]LRQDOH GHOOҋ$UWH GL 9HQH]LD 6FXROD ,QWHUQD]LRQDOH GL *UDÀFD GL 9HQH]LD YDUL VWDJH LQ (XURSD H XQ LWLQHUDULR GL ULFHUFD H VSHULPHQWD]LRQH SHUVRQDOH LQGLYLGXD QHOOD JUDÀFD H QHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD OH IRUPH HVSUHVVLYH SL FRQJHQLDOL 6XRL OLEUL VRQR SUHVHQWL LQ FROOH]LRQH SXEEOLFKH H SULYDWH GL DUFKLYL H GL PXVHL LQ ,WDOLD H VRSUDWWXWWR DOOҋHVWHUR 7UD TXHVWL LQ ,WDOLD OD %LEOLRWHFD 1D]LRQDOH &HQWUDOH GL 5RPD H OD &ROOH]LRQH GҋDUWH GHO 0DUW 0XVHR GҋDUWH 0RGHUQD GL 7UHQWR H 5RYHUHWR


6HUJLR %LJROLQ

µ$OOD 'RORURVDµ $FTXDUHOOR FROODJH H OHJDWXUD FRSWD

1DWR D *DOOLHUD 9HQHWD 3' QHO ODXUHDWR LQ /LQJXH H /HWWHUDWXUH 6WUDQLHUH LQVHJQD ,QJOHVH QHOOH VFXROH VXSHULRUL +D LQL]LDWR VRWWR OD JXLGD GHO 0DHVWUR *LRYDQQL %HUQDUGL KD FRQWLQXDWR OR VWXGLR GHOOH YDULH WHFQLFKH GL SLWWXUD H LQFLVLRQH IUHTXHQWDQGR D 9HQH]LD OD 6FXROD /LEHUD GHO 1XGR SUHVVR Oҋ$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL H OD 6FXROD ,QWHUQD]LRQDOH GL *UDÀFD GRYH RUD LQVHJQD DO FRUVR GL DFTXDUHOOR FRQ 0DWLOGH 'ROFHWWL 1HO q VWDWR LQYLWDWR QHJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL FRPH DUWLVWD LQ UHVLGHQ]D SUHVVR LO 9HUPRQW 6WXGLR &HQWHU +D SDUWHFLSDWR D SL GL GXHFHQWR PRVWUH QD]LRQDOL H LQWHUQD]LRQDOL LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR HG KD RUJDQL]]DWR XQD YHQWLQD GL SHUVRQDOL


1HGGD %RQLQL

´$O FXRUH GL 0DORPEUDµ 5HDOL]]DWR FRQ VWDPSH GҋDUWH OLWRJUDÀH SXQWHVHFFKH VX SOH[LJODVV FXFLWR D PDQR H D PDFFKLQD 6LQJHU FRQ ÀOR GL FRWRQH &DUWH XVDWH )DEULDQR 5RVDVSLQD 0XULOOR *UDSKLD YHOLQD YHUJDWD $OWUL PDWHULDOL DFHWDWR ULFDPDWR

1DWD D %RQGHQR )( QHO 'LSORPDWD LQ 3LWWXUD *UDSKLF GHVLJQHU LQVHJQD QHOOH $FFDGHPLH %% $$ GL %RORJQD H 9HQH]LD /D VXD ULFHUFD q RULHQWDWD DOOD VSHULPHQWD]LRQH GHOOD VWDPSD SURSRQHQGROD LQ YDULH IRUPH LQVWDOODWLYH 6XRL OLEUL GҋDUWLVWD IDQQR SDUWH GL FROOH]LRQL 3LQDFRWHFD GL 3DOHUPR %LEOLRWHFD 1D]LRQDOH &DVDQDWHQVH GL 5RPD %LEOLRWHFD &RPXQDOH 3 0DODWHVWD GL &DVVLQR 9HUEDPDQHQW GL /HFFH $UFKLYLR GL &RQVHOLFH 1HO VHOH]LRQDWD FRPH UDSSUHVHQWDQWH GHOOD *UDÀFD DOOD PRVWUD <RXQJ ,WDOLDQ $UWLVWV ,VWLWXWR ,WDOLDQR GL &XOWXUD .XDOD /XPSXU H QHO DO 6LPSRVLXP HUNXQGXQJVIHOG GUXFNJUDÀN SULQWLQJ DUWV DV D ÀHOG RI LQYHVWLJDWLRQ . QVWOHUKDXV :LHQ 1HO IRUPD Oҋ$VV &XOW 67 $57 VSD]LR HVSRVLWLYR H VWDPSHULD D )HUUDUD 3HUVRQDOL 3DO 'XFDOH 0DQWRYD )DELR 3DULV $UW *DOOHU\ %UHVFLD &DVD GHOOҋ$ULRVWR )HUUDUD *DOOHULD 6%/8 0LODQR +D SDUWHFLSDWR D QXPHURVH FROOHWWLYH LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR


$QQD %RVFKL

µ,O PRQGR GL $ )RJD]]DURµ 7HFQLFD PLVWD VX FDUWRQFLQL YDUL

3LWWULFH YHUER YLVLYD (VSRQH GDO LQ XQD VHVVDQWLQD GL SHUVRQDOL H QXPHURVH PRVWUH GL JUXSSR 7UD TXHVWH 7ULHQQDOH GL %RORJQD %LHQQDOH GL 9HQH]LD 6H] ([WUD /RQGRQ %LHQQDOH ´,O VLOHQ]LR GHOOH SDUROHµ 3DOD]]R 'XFDOH 3DYXOOR 02 +DLID ,VUDHOH 3\UDPLGD &HQWHU ´1RWWH GHL 0XVHLµ 086,1) 6HQLJDOOLD 3HU 3DUROH H ,PPDJLQL 0XVHR 0$*, %2 /D 3DUROD PRVWUD LO VXR FRUSR 0XVHR GHOOD &DUDOH ,YUHD $G /LEUDQGXP &DVD &RJROOR 9LFHQ]D ´/ҋ$UWH GHOOD 3DURODµ *DOOHULD 0DUFDQWRQL 2UWH]]DQR )0 ´3267 6&5,3780µ 2UDWRULR 6 6HEDVWLDQR )RUOu


9DOHULD %UDQFDIRUWH

´/H RQGHµ 6WDPSH OLQROHRJUDÀFKH H [LORJUDÀFKH VX FDUWD JLDSSRQHVH FDUWRQH WHVVXWR LQWHODWR FROODJH

/DXUHDWD LQ OLQJXH VODYH DOOҋ8QLYHUVLWj GL 0LODQR KD FROWLYDWR GD DXWRGLGDWWD OD SDVVLRQH SHU LO GLVHJQR H OD JUDÀFD /ҋLQFLVLRQH H OD VWDPSD D ULOLHYR VRQR L VXRL PH]]L SUHIHULWL SHU UHDOL]]DUH OLEUL GҋDUWH LQ HVHPSODUL XQLFL R HGL]LRQL OLPLWDWH SHUFKp OH SHUPHWWRQR GL LQWHUYHQLUH VLD VXOOҋLPPDJLQH VLD VXOOD SDUROD VFULWWD GD VHPSUH QXWULPHQWR H FRPSOHPHQWR GHO VXR SHUFRUVR FUHDWLYR q LQIDWWL DQFKH DXWULFH GL ULPH LOOXVWUDWH /H VXH RSHUH VRQR SUHVHQWL LQ FROOH]LRQL SXEEOLFKH H SULYDWH LQ (XURSD H QHJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL


0LUWD &DFFDUR

µ,QTXLHWXGLQH 2PDJJLR DG $QWRQLR )RJD]]DURµ ;LORJUDÀD D FRORUL D SLX PDWULFL VRYUDSSRVWH

1DWD D 9LFHQ]D YLYH H ODYRUD D 'XHYLOOH 9, (ҋ GLSORPDWD DOOҋ$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL 9HQH]LD LQ 3LWWXUD 3LWWULFH LQFLVRUH VFXOWULFH H LOOXVWUDWULFH HVSRQH GDO ,O FXUULFXOXP HVSRVLWLYR q ULFFR GL SDUWHFLSD]LRQL D FRQFRUVL FRQ VHJQDOD]LRQL H SUHPLD]LRQL SHU OҋLOOXVWUD]LRQH ,Q FDPSR SLWWRULFR VRQR QXPHURVH OH PRVWUH FROOHWWLYH H SHUVRQDOL LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR FRQ QRWH GL PHULWR /H RSHUH JUDÀFKH GL 0LUWD &DFFDUR QDUUDQR VWRULH GL FRORUL OLQHH IRUPH HVSUHVVLRQL QHO IDVFLQR GHO VHJQR VRJQDWR 6L QDUUDQR DO GL Oj GL FLz FKH LQWHUSUHWDQR $XWRQRPDPHQWH VL HVSULPRQR DO GL Oj GHO GLUH /ҋLQFDQWR GHO PLVWHUR VYHODWR GDO H QHO IDUH


9LWR &DSRQH

µ3LFFROR PRQGR DQWLFR 3DJLQH H 6HJQLµ &DUWD ULFLFODWD IDWWD D PDQR H VFROSLWD JLXQFR ÀOR GL FRWRQH FRORUD]LRQH YHJHWDOH

1DVFH D 5RPD QHO GD JHQLWRUL VDOHQWLQL H FRPSLH L VXRL VWXGL DUWLVWLFL D 1DSROL +D LQVHJQDWR 7HFQLFKH 3LWWRULFKH SUHVVR Oҋ$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL )RJJLD GL FXL q VWDWR 'LUHWWRUH GDO DO 9LYH H ODYRUD LQ TXHVWD FLWWj FRQ VWXGLR LQ &RUVR 9LWWRULR (PDQXHOH ,, Q +D WHQXWR LQQXPHUHYROL SHUVRQDOL LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR SDUWHFLSDQGR LQROWUH D UDVVHJQH QD]LRQDOL H LQWHUQD]LRQDOL 6XH RSHUH ÀJXUDQR LQ HQWL SXEEOLFL PXVHL H FROOH]LRQL SULYDWH LQ ,WDOLD H DOOҋHVWHUR


(OHRQRUD &XPHU

´/D VFRSHUWDµ 6WHQFLO VWDPSD VSHULPHQWDOH H VWDPSD D PDQR FRQ FDUDWWHUL PRELOL 6WUXWWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD FRQ LQWDJOLR

9LYH H ODYRUD D %RO]DQR VL RFFXSD GL OLEUL GÒ‹DUWLVWD H GL LOOXVWUD]LRQH 3DUWHFLSD D PRVWUH LQ ,WDOLD HG DOOÒ‹HVWHUR SXEEOLFD DOEL LOOXVWUDWL q GRFHQWH GL DWWLYLWj FUHDWLYH /Ò‹DWWR GL VIRJOLDUH OH SDJLQH R GL VURWRODUOH VWLPROD PDJJLRUPHQWH OD FXULRVLWj GL YHGHUH FRVD FRQWLHQH OÒ‹RJJHWWR FKH VL WLHQH IUD OH PDQL /D SRVVLELOLWj GL WRFFDUOR GL JLUDUOR H ULJLUDUOR ´OHJJHUORµ GD XQD SDUWH H SRL GDOOD SDUWH RSSRVWD q FRPH HQWUDUH QHOOÒ‹RJJHWWR VWHVVR 6L YD D VRPPDUH FRVu OD SHUFH]LRQH WDWWLOH FRQ TXHOOD YLVLYD ,O OLEUR GLYHQWD VFXOWXUD GL FDUWD OD VFXOWXUD GL FDUWD GLYHQWD OLEUR


9LWWRULR )DYD

´,O /LEUR GL 0LUDQGDµ &ROODJH GL FDUWH DQWLFKH DFTXDIRUWL IRWR DQWLFKH PDQRVFULWWL ÀRUL HVVLFFDWL PHUOHWWL OLEUR GÒ‹HSRFD LQFKLRVWUR

$UWLVWD YHUVDWR LQ YDULH IRUPH HVSUHVVLYH FKH KD LQL]LDWR QHJOL DQQL 6HWWDQWD LQ DPELWR QHRUHDOLVWD H SRS 1HOOD VHFRQGD PHWj GHJOL DQQL 1RYDQWD KD DGHULWR DO *UXSSR =HUR 5HDOL]]D VFXOWXUH VSHVVR OXPLQRVH RJJHWWL H GLSLQWL PDWHULFL PRELOL IDQWDVWLFL H RQLULFL 6L q GHGLFDWR DQFKH DOOD IRWRJUDÀD DOOH SHUIRUPDQFH H DO ÀOP GҋDUWLVWD &ROWLYD FRQ SDVVLRQH OD 0DLO$UW SDUWHFLSDQGR D PRVWUH QD]LRQDOL H LQWHUQD]LRQDOL 9DVWD q OD VXD SURGX]LRQH GL OLEUL GҋDUWLVWD 3HU OH VXH FUHD]LRQL XWLOL]]D VSHVVR RJJHWWL ULFLFODWL


$OIRQVR )LOLHUL

´7ULWWLFRµ

6WDPSD WLSRJUDÀFD FRQ FDUDWWHUL PRELOL VX FDUWD IDWWD D PDQR FRQ ÀEUH GL FRWRQH SLWWXUD VX FDUWD FHUDWD

/D SULPD PRVWUD SHUVRQDOH q GHO 'DO LQL]LD XQD VHULH GL SXEEOLFD]LRQL RSHUHOLEUR OLEUL GÒ‹DUWLVWD GHOOH HGL]LRQL $UWHLQ RURORQWDQR FRQ GLVHJQL RULJLQDOL HG HVHPSODUL XQLFL UHDOL]]DWL FRQ FDUWD IDWWD D PDQR H FDUWD FHUDWD /H VXH 2SHUHOLEUR VRQR LQ FROOH]LRQL SULYDWH H PXVHL WUD FXL LO 0R0D GL 1HZ <RUN LO 0XVHR GÒ‹$UWH H /HWWHUDWXUD GL 7RNLR OÒ‹$UFKLYLR 6WRULFR GHOOD %LHQQDOH GL 9HQH]LD OD %LEOLRWHFD 1D]LRQDOH &HQWUDOH GL )LUHQ]H OD %LEOLRWHFD 1D]LRQDOH GL 3DULJL LO &HQWUR 3RPSLGRX GL 3DULJL


3LQR *X]]RQDWR

µ,O WHVWDPHQWR GHOOÒ‹RUER GL 5HWWRUJROH ´ &DUWD IDWWD D PDQR FRQ WHVVXWL GL FDQDSD H FRWRQH SXQWDVHFFD DFTXHUHOODWD VWDPSD D VHFFR VFULWWXUD D PDQR

$UWLVWD VSHULPHQWDOH QHOOD VXD ULFHUFD KD XVDWR L PDWHULDOL SL GLYHUVL &RQVLGHUHYROH DWWLYLWj HVSRVLWLYD LQ ,WDOLD H DOOÒ‹HVWHUR +D RUJDQL]]DWR YDUL ZRUNVKRS GL DUWLVWL LQWHUQD]LRQDOL DOOÒ‹DQWLFD FDUWLHUD GL 'XHYLOOH 9L H VL q RFFXSDWR GL DPELHQWH QDWXUDOH H XUEDQR SURPXRYHQGR D]LRQL WHVH DOOD ORUR VDOYDJXDUGLD +D ODYRUDWR FRQ OH XQLYHUVLWj GL 8WUHFKW :HLPDU H 3DULJL H KD SDUWHFLSDWR DOOD %LHQQDOH GL 9HQH]LD 6XH RSHUH VL WURYDQR LQ PXVHL H FROOH]LRQL SULYDWH H SXEEOLFKH WUD FXL OD *DOOHULD ,QWHUQD]LRQDOH GÒ‹$UWH 0RGHUQD GL &j 3HVDUR GL 9HQH]LD H OD *DOOHULD GHJOL 8IÀ]L GL )LUHQ]H VH]LRQH ´/LEUL GÒ‹$UWLVWDµ 0RVWUH SHUVRQDOL LQ QXPHURVL PXVHL GHOOD VWDPSD H GHOOD FDUWD


'HQLVH 0LQJDUGL

'D ´,O 6DQWRµ GL $QWRQLR )RJD]]DUR /LQROHRJUDÀH VX FDUWRQFLQR QHUR FRQ IRQGLQR FXVWRGLD LQ WHVVXWR SLHJDWR

3RHWD H DUWLVWD +D IUHTXHQWDWR PROWL FRUVL H ODERUDWRUL DUWLVWLFL H LO FRUVR WULHQQDOH GL /LEUR GÒ‹$UWLVWD GHOOD 6FXROD GL 6FLHQ]D H $UWH GHOOD /HJDWXUD GL 9LFHQ]D (VSRQH RSHUH SLWWRULFKH LQFLVLRQL H OLEUL GÒ‹DUWLVWD LQ FROOHWWLYH QD]LRQDOL H LQWHUQD]LRQDOL +D RWWHQXWR SUHPL H VHJQDOD]LRQL 6XH RSHUH VRQR SUHVHQWL LQ DUFKLYL GL PXVHL H FROOH]LRQL SULYDWH LQ ,WDOLD H DOOÒ‹HVWHUR +D SXEEOLFDWR YDUL OLEUL GL SRHVLH VSHVVR DUULFFKLWL GL LPPDJLQL GHOOÒ‹DXWULFH


*LJOLROD 7HUHQQD

´3DVVLRQH D]]XUUDµ 6WUXWWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD FRQ OHJDWXUD D SXQWR OXQJR WHFQLFD FDOFRJUDÀFD VSHULPHQWDOH VWDPSH D WLPEUR H D VHFFR GL GHFRUL H FDUDWWHUL WLSRJUDÀFL FROODJH H VFULWWXUD D PDQR VX FDUWD )DEULDQR 5RVDVSLQD DYRULR FRSHUWLQD D EXVWD DSHUWD LQ FDUWD GL ULVR

'LSORPDWD LQ 3LWWXUD GHOOҋ$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL %RORJQD ODXUHD PDJLVWUDOH LQ &RQVHUYD]LRQH GHL EHQL FXOWXUDOL GHOOҋ 8QLYHUVLWj GL 6LHQD $UH]]R 9LYH D 6LHQD H ODYRUD DO &HQWUR VHUYL]L GHO 6LVWHPD PXVHDOH XQLYHUVLWDULR 6L RFFXSD GL IRWRJUDÀD SRHVLD FDOOLJUDÀD GD TXDOFKH DQQR UHDOL]]D VWDPSH FDOFRJUDÀFKH ´PDLO DUWµ H OLEUL GҋDUWLVWD 0RVWUH FROOHWWLYH ´, )HVWLYDO GHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWDµ D &DVWHO 6 3LHWUR $UWHOLEUR %RORJQD ´&DQWDQGR L SRHWL DUPHQL QHL OLEUL GҋDUWLVWDµ 5RPD


'DULR =HUXWR

µ'HVLGHULR IUD HTXLOLEULR H IROOLDµ &DUWD IDWWD D PDQR FRQ ÀEUH GL DEDFD H ULOHJDWXUD ´UDLVHG FRUGµ

'D VHPSUH DSSDVVLRQDWR GL ÀEHU DUW LQL]LD D VWXGLDUH ULOHJDWXUD D %DUFHOORQD DO VHJXLWR GL PDHVWUL QD]LRQDOL H LQWHUQD]LRQDOL DSSURIRQGLVFH FRVu OҋLQFURFLR WUD OH WHFQLFKH WHVVLOL OD FDUWD DUWLJLDQDOH H OD ULOHJDWXUD WURYDQGR QHO OLEUR GҋDUWLVWD OD VXD VSHFLÀFD PRGDOLWj GL HVSUHVVLRQH DUWtVWLFD +D HVSRVWR L VXRL ODYRUL LQ )UDQFLD ,WDOLD H 6SDJQD 9LYH H ODERUD WUD %DUFHOORQD H 0LODQR


6DQMD *UELþ

´6HJQL OXQJR OD VWUDGDµ &ROODJH H GLVHJQR GLJLWDOH VWUXWWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD ULOHJDWXUD ULJLGD H LQFROODWD ,O OLEUR q FRVWLWXLWR GD SDJLQH H XQD FXVWRGLD 7LUDWXUD LQ FLQTXH FRSLH QXPHUDWH [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD QHO D %HOJUDGR 6L p ODXUHDWD QHO DOOÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR &DWWHGUD *UDÀFD GHO /LEUR &ODVVH GHO SURIHVVRUH -XJRVODY 9ODKRYLþ H OD SURIHVVRUHVVD *RUGDQD 3HWURYLþ +D SDUWHFLSDWR D SL PRVWUH FROOHWWLYH H QHO KD DYXWR OD PRVWUD SHUVRQDOH QHOOD &DVD GHOOD &XOWXUD 6WXGHQWVNL *UDG %HJUDGR


0DMD .DWLþ

´1HPLULµ 7HVWR VWDPSD SURIRQGD VX FDUWD YHOLQD LOOXVWUD]LRQL VWDPSD SURIRQGD DFTXDWLQWD 7LUDWXUD LQ FRSLH [ FP FKLXVR

+D IUHTXHQWDWR OÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR


$QLWD .UVWLþ

´0LVOL SRVORYLFH PXGURVWL L]UHNHµ 6WDPSD GLJLWDOH WHFQLFD SRS XS ,O OLEUR q LOOXVWUDWR VX XQD VXSHUÀFLH QHUD H EOX FRPH LO SDUDGRVVR GHOOD YLWD H GHOOD PRVUWH $SHUWR KD OD IRUPD GRPLQDQWH GL XQD = OD TXDOH VSLHJD LO WHPD GHO OLEUR = FRPH æ(1$ GRQQD H = FRPH æ,927 YLWD [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD LO D 1Lå 6HUELD /DXUHDWD DOOҋ$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL 1Lå QHO 'DO ODYRUD FRPH FROODERUDWRUH SURIHVVLRQDOH DOOD FDWWHGUD GL *UDÀFD GHOOD &RPPXQLFD]LRQH SUHVVR Oҋ8QLYHUVLWj GL 1Lå 'DO q PHPEUR GHOOҋ$VVRFLD]LRQH GHJOL $UWLVWL GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH H GHL 'HVLJQHUV GHOOD 6HUELD 1HO VL q LVFULWWD DO 'RWWRUDWR GL 5LFHUFD SUHVVR Oҋ8QLYHUVLWj GL %HOJUDGR )UHTXHQWD 6WXGL ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDUL &DWWHGUD GL 7HRULD GHL 0HGLD H GHOOҋ$UWH +D UHDOL]]DWR XQD VHULH GL SURJHWWL H SXEEOLFD]LRQL +D ULFHYXWR SUHPL LQWHUQD]LRQDOL H QD]LRQDOL QHO FDPSR GHOOҋDUWH H GHO GHVLJQ JUDÀFR /DYRUD FRPH GHVLJQHU JUDÀFR


=GUDYNR 0LþDQRYLþ

´3URNOHWD DYOLMDµ $OWDUHG ERRN ,O OLEUR RULJLQDOH ´,O FRUWLOH PDOHGHWWRµ q XQÒ‹HGL]LRQH GHO ,QWHUYHQWL GL VFXFLWXUD ULOHJDWXUD H LQVHULPHQWR GL GLVHJQL VX FDUWD YHOLQD [ FP FKLXVR

/DXUHDWR SUHVVR OÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL 6DUDMHYR &DWWHGUD 3LWWXUD QHO 3UHQGH LO WLWROR DFFDGHPLFR QHO LQ $FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR 'LSDUWLPHQWR 'HVLJQ *UDÀFR LO WHPD 0DQLIHVWR 7HDWUDOH /H VXH PDWHULH GÒ‹LQWHUHVVH VRQR GLVHJQR FRPH GLVFLSOLQD SLWWRULFD LOOXVWUD]LRQH IXPHWWR GHVLJQ JUDÀFR PDQLIHVWR FRPH SULPDULR ,QVHJQD SUHVVR OÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR ´'LSDUWLPHQWR 'HVLJQ *UDÀFRµ


æHOMND 0LþDQRYLþ 0LOMNRYLþ

´3RWRQXORµ (; 32172 $OWHUHG ERRN 0RQRWLSR GLVHJQR SLWWXUD FROODJH FXFLWXUD D PDQR [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD QHO D 7X]OD -XJRVODYLD /DXUHDWD LQ $UWL 'HFRUDWLYH QHO SUHVVR OÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL %HOOH $UWL GL 0DFHUDWD GRYH SRL VL VSHFLDOL]]D LQ $UWL *UDÀFKH QHO 1HO D 5RPD ID LO 0DVWHU ´6KRZ 6W\OLVWµ SUHVVR OR ,(' 5RPD 'DO q LO PHPEUR GHOOÒ‹$VVRFLD]LRQH GHJOL $UWLVWL GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH H GHL 'HVLJQHUV GHOOD 6HUELD +D YLQWR SL SUHPL H ULFRQRVFLPHQWL LQWHUQD]LRQDOL (VSRQH LQ 6HUELD H DOOÒ‹(VWHUR 9LYH H ODYRUD WUD ,WDOLD H %HOJUDGR FRQGXFHQGR LO VXR $WHOLHU ´3UR]RUµ GL %HOJUDGR


0LORUDG %XEDQMD

´0XVWDID 0DGçDUµ UDFFRQWR 7HVWR H LOOXVWUD]LRQL RIIVHW OLWRJUDÀD 7LUDWXUD FRSLH [ FP FKLXVR

9UEDV /DXUHDWR SUHVVR OD )DFROWj GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR VL RFFXSD LQ VHJXLWR GL GHVLJQ JUDÀFR FDOOLJUDÀD SLWWXUD H VFXOWXUD 6L q RFFXSDWR DQFKH GL UHFLWD]LRQH WHDWUDOH +D FXUDWR QXPHURVL ZRUNVKRS LQ FXL KD SDUWHFLSDWR DQFKH LQ TXDOLWj GL DUWLVWD q VWDWR FXUDWRUH GL ROWUH PLOOH PRVWUH 'LSHQGHQWH GHO 0HGLD &HQWHU GHOOҋ(VHUFLWR 6HUER 5HVSRQVDELOH GHO 3URJUDPPD DUWL YLVXDOL H GHOOD *DOOHULD GHO &HQWUR &XOWXUDOH GHOOҋ(VHUFLWR 6HUER D %HOJUDGR


,VLGRUD 1LNROLþ

´=QDNRYL SRUHG SXWDµ 6WDPSD GLJLWDOH VWDPSD D VHFFR [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD D %HOJUDGR QHO /DYRUD FRPH GHVLJQHU JUDÀFR 6L p ODXUHDWD QHOOD &DWWHGUD GHOOD *UDÀFD $SSOLFDWD SUHVVR OÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR 6L VSHFLDOL]]D IDFHQGR LO OLEUR ´/H &LWWDÒ‹ ,QYLVLELOLµ GL ,WDOR &DOYLQR FRQ LO TXDOH KD YLQWR SLXÒ‹ SUHPL VLD QD]LRQDOL FKH LQWHUQD]LRQDOL )D LO GRFHQWH DOOD )DFFROWDÒ‹ GHOOH $UWL H GHO 'HVLJQ GL %HOJUDGR &DWWHGUD 'HVLJQ *UDÀFR H &RPXQLFD]LRQH 9LVLYD ( IRQGDWULFH GHOOR VWXGLR 35272 2)),&( FKH VL RFFXSD GHOOÒ‹DUWH FRQWHPSRUDQHD H GHO GHVLJQ &RPEDWWH SHU OD YLWD QHO PRYLPHQWR LQ VLQFURQLFLWj


'UDJDQD 3DUDPHQWLþ

´,YR $QGULþ /,5,&$µ VHL SRHVLH GL YLDJJLR /LEUR GL FDUWD IDWWD D PDQR FRQ VWDPSD GLJLWDOH 6WUXWWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD FRQ ÀOL FRORUDWL /Ò‹LOOXVWUD]LRQH FDPELD JUD]LH DOOH DSHUWXUH D PDQR D PDQR FKH VL VIRJOLDQR OH SDJLQH [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD QHO D %HOJUDGR 6L ODXUHD QHO DOOÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR SUHVVR OD FDWWHGUD GL )RWRJUDÀD 'RSR OD WHVL ÀQDOH SUHVVR OD &DWWHGUD GHOOD *UDÀFD GHO /LEUR FRQ LO SURIHVVRUH -XJRVODY 9ODKRYLþ FRPLQFLD DG RFFXSDUVL GHOOD FDUWD H GHL OLEUL IDWWL D PDQR 9LYH H ODYRUD D %HOJUDGR


%RçLGDU 3OD]LQLþ

´$QGULþHYD YUHPHQDµ $OWDUHG ERRN 7HFQLFD PLVWD [ [ FP FKLXVR

1DWR LO D *XEHUHYFL 'DO p LO PHPEUR GHOOÒ‹$VVRFLD]LRQH GHJOL $UWLVWL GHOOD 6HUELD )LQR DG DGHVVR KD IDWWR PRVWUH FROOHWWLYH LQ 6HUELD H DOOÒ‹HVWHUR H KD IDWWR PRVWUH SHUVRQDOL , VXRL ODYRUL IDQQR SDUWH GHOOH FROOH]LRQL GHOOH *DOOHULH SL LPSRUWDQWL GHOOD H[ -XJRVODYLD $FFDGHPLD GHOOÒ‹$UWH H GHOOD 6FLHQ]D GL =DJDEULD 0XVHR GHOOÒ‹$UWH FRQWHPSRUDQHD GL %HOJUDGR 0XVHR 1D]LRQDOH GL %HOJUDGR *DOOHULD GL 1DGHçGD 3HWURYLþ D ÿDÄ€DN HWF 6L WURYDQR DQFKH QHOOH FROOH]LRQL GL XQD GHFLQD GL JDOOHULH DOOÒ‹HVWHUR +D YLQWR SUHPL 'DO KD OR VWDWR GHOOÒ‹DUWLVWD HPLQHQWH


*UDGLPLU 6PXāD

´$VND L YXNµ UDFFRQWR 7HVWR VWDPSD SURIRQGD LOOXVWUD]LRQL RIVHW OLWRJUDÀD 7LUDWXUD FRSLH [ FP FKLXVR

6L q RFFXSDWR GL LOOXVWUD]LRQH FDULFDWXUD H GLVHJQR JUDÀFR 7UDVIHULWRVL LQ ,WDOLD QHJOL DQQL 1RYDQWD VL GHGLFD DOOD FDULFDWXUD DO GLVHJQR H DO IXPHWWR +D SXEEOLFDWR D 1HEHOVSDOWHU 6YL]]HUD GRYH q XVFLWR DOOH VWDPSH DQFKH XQ VXR OLEUR GL GLVHJQL SDURGLH VX JUDQGL FDSRODYRUL GHOOҋDUWH ,Q )UDQFLD VRQR VWDWL SXEEOLFDWL GXH VXRL DOEXP FRPLFL VXOOD YLWD H OҋRSHUD GL 9DQ *RJK H GL 7RXORXVH /DXWUHF FKH KDQQR ULVFRVVR PROWR VXFFHVVR


2OLYHUD %DWDMLþ 6UHWHQRYLþ

´0RVW QD æHSLµ 6WDPSD GLJLWDOH [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD QHO 9LYH H ODYRUD D %HOJUDGR /DXUHDWD LQ $FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR QHO SUHVVR OD &DWWHGUD *UDÀFD GHO /LEUR 6L p VSHFLDOL]]DWD DOOÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH QHO FDPSR GL 7LSRJUDÀD H GHOOD 3ODVWLFD GHO /LEUR , OLEUL VRQR OD VXD IRQWH GÒ‹LVSLUD]LRQH YLWDOH +D ODYRUDWR SHU OH &DVH (GLWULFL LQ 6HUELD 6YL]]HUD 3RUWRJDOOR ,QJKLOWHUUD H LQ $PHULFD (Ò‹ XQD GHOOH IRQGDWULFL GHO VLWR VXOOD 7LSRJUDÀD ´7LSRPHWDUµ 6L RFFXSD GL WLSRJUDÀD IRWRJUDÀD H GL VFULWWXUD


1HQDG 0LOHQWLMHYLþ

´/HWRYDQMH QD MXJXµ 7HVWR VWDPSD SURIRQGD LOOXVWUD]LRQL VWDPSD SURIRQGD DFTXDWLQWD 7LUDWXUD FRSLH [ FP FKLXVR

%HRJUDG ODXUHDWR QHO SUHVVR OD )DFROWj GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR VWXGL SRVWODXUHD GL LQFLVLRQH DOOD VWHVVD )DFROWj 6L RFFXSD GL JUDÀFD LOOXVWUD]LRQH GLVHJQR JUDÀFR H ODYRUR SHGDJRJLFR LQVHJQD 'LVHJQR *UDÀFR DOOD )DFROWj SULYDWD GL 'HVLJQ GL %HOJUDGR +D UHDOL]]DWR PRVWUHSHUVRQDOL WUD OH TXDOL VL GLVWLQJXH TXHOOD GHOOD *DOOHULD *UDÀFNL NROHNWLY GL %HOJUDGR (VSRQH UHJRODUPHQWH OH VXH RSHUH LQ PRVWUH FROOHWWLYH 0RVWUD GL LQFLVLRQH GL PDJJLR *UDÀFD GL SLFFROR IRUPDWR 3LXPD GҋRUR GL %HOJUDGR HG DOWUH


-XJRVODY 9ODKRYLþ

´6DEUDQD GHODµ $FULOLFR VX FDUWRQH VWUXWWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD 2SHUD XQLFD [ FP FKLXVR

(Ò‹ QDWR QHO D %HOJUDGR 6L p ODXUHDWR LQ $FFDGHPLD GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR GRYH DGHVVR LQVHJQD *UDÀFD GHO /LEUR /DYRUD GD DQQL FRPH LOOXVWUDWRUH FDULFDWXULVWD SHU OD ULYLVWD VHWWLPDQDOH 1,1 GDO , VXRL ODYRUL VRQR VWDWL SXEEOLFDWL LQ GLYHUVH ULYLVWH VLD QD]LRQDL FKH LQWHUQD]LRQDOL +D IDWWR PRVWUH SHUVRQDOL +D SXEEOLFDWR OLEUL GL FDULFDWXUD H DQFKH OD PDSSD GHOOH LQFLVLRQL VHULJUDÀFKH ´3LWWRUL H 9R\HXUVµ 1HO KD UHDOL]]DWR LO OLEUR ´, OLEUL GHOOD (GL]LRQH %LEOLRÀOD GHOOÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR µ +D IDWWR LO GHVLJQ SHU YDUL OLEUL H FRSHUWLQH GHL &' H GLVFKL 1HL FRUVR GHL DQQL KD ULFHYXWR PROWL SUHPL H ULFRQRVFLPHQWL SHU OH LOOXVWUD]LRQL FDULFDWXUH H GHVLJQ JUDÀFR 3UHPLR 3MHU 3UHPLR )UDWHOOL .DULþ HWF , VXRL ODYRUL IDQQR SDUWH GHOOD FROOH]LRQH GHO 0XVHR GL $UWH &RQWHPSRUDQHD GL %HOJUDGR H GHO 0XVHR GHOOH $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR /H VXH RSHUH VL WURYDQR DQFKH QHOOH FROOH]LRQL LQWHUQD]LRQDOL %DVHO *DEURYR %RQQH 3DULJL


=RUDQD 9XNRWLþ

´,PPDJLQL QRWWXUQHµ 7HFQLFD PLVWD ULOHJDWXUD D ÀVDUPRQLFD FRQ GRGLFL LPPDJLQL JUDÀFKH FKH UDSSUHVHQWDQR OÒ‹DWPRVIHUD GHOOD SRHVLD ´/D QRWWH EXUUDVFRVDµ GL , $QGULF /D FRSHUWLQD q GL WHOD URVVD WXOOH H FXRLR ,O OLEUR KD DQFKH XQ ERRNPDUFN FRQ LPPDJLQH GHOOR VFULWWRUH H QRWH VX GL OXL [ FP FKLXVR

1DWD QHO D %HOJUDGR 6L p ODXUHDWD QHO DOOÒ‹$FFDGHPLD GL $UWL $SSOLFDWH GL %HOJUDGR &DWWHGUD *UDÀFD GHO /LEUR &ODVVH GHO SURIHVVRUH -XJRVODY 9ODKRYLþ H OD SURIHVVRUHVVD *RUGDQD 3HWURYLþ +D SDUWHFLSDWR D SL PRVWUH FROOHWWLYH H QHO KD DYXWR OD PRVWUD SHUVRQDOH QHOOD &DVD GHOOD &XOWXUD 6WXGHQWVNL *UDG %HJUDGR


&2/23+21 ,O FDWDORJR q VWDWR UHDOL]]DWR LQ RFFDVLRQH GHOOD 0RVWUD LQWHUQD]LRQDOH GL OLEUL GÒ‹DUWLVWD )RJD]]DUR $QGULþ OLEUL GDL OLEUL 6WDPSDWR LQ FRSLH QXPHUDWH GD D , SULPL FDWDORJKL KDQQR XQD VRYUDFRSHUWD VWDPSDWD D PDQR FRQ PDWULFL [LORJUDÀFKH GL 0LUWD &DFFDUR , SULPL FDWDORJKL VRQR DFFRPSDJQDWL GD XQD FDUWROLQD GL FDUWD IDWWD D PDQR FRQ VWDPSD D VHFFR UHDOL]]DWD DSSRVLWDPHQWH SHU OÒ‹HYHQWR GD 3LQR *X]]RQDWR

6FKLR DSULOH



Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.